2011/12 JLPT N1 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
問題1＿の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・４から一つ選びなさい。
1. 時間がたつにつれて、選手の動きが<u>鈍って</u>きた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
鈍って (にぶって) is the te-form of 鈍る (にぶる), which means 'to become dull', 'to slow down', or 'to weaken'. The sentence means 'As time passed, the players' movements became dull/slowed down'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the te-form of 滞る (とどこおる), meaning 'to be delayed' or 'to stagnate'.
This is the te-form of 劣る (おとる), meaning 'to be inferior to'.
This is the te-form of 縮まる (ちぢまる), meaning 'to shrink' or 'to shorten'.
2. 高校生のごる、｢将来は海外で動きたい｣と<u>漠然</u>と考えていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
漠然 (ばくぜん) means 'vague', 'obscure', or 'ambiguous'. The sentence means 'When I was a high school student, I vaguely thought 'I want to work overseas in the future'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 漠然.
This is an incorrect reading for 漠然.
This is an incorrect reading for 漠然.
3. <u>閲覧</u>した資料は、カワンｸ―に戻してください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
閲覧 (えつらん) means 'browsing', 'inspection', or 'reading'. The sentence means 'Please return the browsed materials to the cabinet'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 閲覧.
This is an incorrect reading for 閲覧. 拝見 (はいけん) is a humble verb meaning 'to see' or 'to look at'.
This is an incorrect reading for 閲覧.
4. 首相は自身の発言についての<u>釈明</u>におわれた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
釈明 (しゃくめい) means 'explanation', 'clarification', or 'vindication'. The sentence means 'The prime minister was pressed for an explanation regarding his own remarks'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 釈明. 宿命 (しゅくめい) means 'fate' or 'destiny'.
This is an incorrect reading for 釈明. 役目 (やくめ) means 'role' or 'duty'.
This is an incorrect reading for 釈明.
5. 弊社は今回の<u>合併</u>を機に社名を変更します。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
合併 (がっぺい) means 'merger', 'amalgamation', or 'combination'. The sentence means 'Our company will change its name on the occasion of this merger'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 合併.
This is an incorrect reading for 合併.
This is an incorrect reading for 合併.
6. ようや景気回復の<u>兆し</u>が見えてきた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
兆し (きざし) means 'sign', 'omen', or 'indication'. The sentence means 'Finally, signs of economic recovery have appeared'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 印 (しるし), meaning 'mark' or 'symbol'.
This is the reading for 証 (あかし), meaning 'proof' or 'evidence'.
This is the reading for 日差し (ひざし), meaning 'sunlight'.
問題2（ ）に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・４から一つ選びなさい。
7. 大学をやめると言ったら、母に（ ）反対された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
猛 (もう) is used in compounds like 猛反対 (もうはんたい), meaning 'fierce opposition'. So, 猛反対された means 'was fiercely opposed'. The sentence means 'When I said I would quit university, my mother fiercely opposed it'.
Why other options are incorrect:
強 (きょう) can mean 'strong', but it doesn't form 強い反対 in this context to mean 'fiercely opposed'.
頑 (がん) is used in 頑固 (がんこ), meaning 'stubborn', but it doesn't directly combine with 反対 in this way.
厳 (げん) is used in 厳重 (げんじゅう), meaning 'strict' or 'severe', but it doesn't directly combine with 反対 in this way.
8. ぞんな軽装で冬の山に登るなんて、（ ）だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
無謀 (むぼう) means 'reckless', 'rash', or 'foolhardy'. Climbing a winter mountain with light clothing is considered reckless. The sentence means 'Climbing a winter mountain with such light clothing is reckless'.
Why other options are incorrect:
無残 (むざん) means 'cruel', 'brutal', or 'tragic'.
無実 (むじつ) means 'innocent' or 'groundless'.
無念 (むねん) means 'regret' or 'chagrin'.
9. 今回の作品は、彼にとって（ ）の出来と言えるだろう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
会心 (かいしん) is used in the phrase 会心の出来 (かいしんのでき), which means 'a highly satisfactory achievement' or 'a masterpiece'. The sentence means 'This work can be said to be a masterpiece for him'.
Why other options are incorrect:
核心 (かくしん) means 'core', 'kernel', or 'heart (of the matter)'.
真心 (まごころ) means 'sincerity' or 'true heart'.
気心 (きごころ) means 'temperament' or 'disposition'.
10. この言葉には、やや批判的な（ ）が含まれている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ニュアンス (nuance) refers to a subtle difference in meaning or expression. The sentence means 'This word contains a somewhat critical nuance'.
Why other options are incorrect:
センス (sense) means 'sense', 'taste', or 'flair'.
キャラクター (character) refers to a person's personality or a fictional character.
インスピレーション (inspiration) means 'inspiration'.
11. この辺りは、高速道路と鉄道が（ ）して走っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
並行 (へいこう) means 'parallel' or 'concurrent'. 並行して走る means 'running parallel'. The sentence means 'In this area, the highway and railway run parallel to each other'.
Why other options are incorrect:
同調 (どうちょう) means 'sympathy', 'agreement', or 'alignment'.
並列 (へいれつ) means 'parallel' (e.g., in electrical circuits) or 'side-by-side', but 並行 is more commonly used for things running alongside each other like roads or train tracks.
同伴 (どうはん) means 'accompanying' or 'escorting'.
12．この文章は新聞記事からの（ ）です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
抜粋 (ばっすい) means 'extract', 'excerpt', or 'selection'. The sentence means 'This text is an excerpt from a newspaper article'.
Why other options are incorrect:
抽選 (ちゅうせん) means 'lottery' or 'drawing (of lots)'.
摘出 (てきしゅつ) means 'extraction' or 'removal' (e.g., of a tumor).
採取 (さいしゅ) means 'collection' or 'gathering' (e.g., of samples).
13. コピー用紙の（ ）が減ったら、注文しておいてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ストック (stock) refers to a supply or reserve of something. The sentence means 'If the stock of copy paper decreases, please order more'.
Why other options are incorrect:
キープ (keep) means 'to keep' or 'to maintain'.
チャージ (charge) means 'charge' (e.g., a fee or a battery charge).
シェア (share) means 'share' (e.g., market share or sharing).
問題3＿の言葉に意見が最も近いものを、1・2・3・４から一つ選びなさい。
14．今日の会議で出た意見は、<u>ありきたりの</u>ものが多かった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ありきたり (arikitari) means 'common', 'ordinary', or 'commonplace'. 平凡 (へいぼん) means 'ordinary', 'common', or 'mediocre'. The sentence means 'Many of the opinions expressed at today's meeting were commonplace'.
Why other options are incorrect:
的確 (てきかく) means 'accurate' or 'precise'.
積極的 (せっきょくてき) means 'positive' or 'active'.
否定的 (ひていてき) means 'negative' or 'pessimistic'.
15．両チームの実力の差は<u>歴然としている</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
歴然 (れきぜん) means 'obvious', 'clear', or 'distinct'. はっきりしている (hakkiri shiteiru) means 'clear', 'distinct', or 'obvious'. The sentence means 'The difference in ability between the two teams is obvious'.
Why other options are incorrect:
以前と変わらない (izen to kawaranai) means 'unchanged from before'.
ほとんどない (hotondo nai) means 'almost none'.
以前より大きくなっている (izen yori ookiku natteiru) means 'has become larger than before'.
16. 無駄な経費は<u>極力</u>減らそう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
極力 (きょくりょく) means 'as much as possible' or 'to the utmost of one's power'. できる限り (dekiru kagiri) means 'as much as possible' or 'to the best of one's ability'. The sentence means 'Let's reduce unnecessary expenses as much as possible'.
Why other options are incorrect:
少しずつ (sukoshi zutsu) means 'little by little'.
大幅に (oofaba ni) means 'drastically' or 'significantly'.
真っ先に (massaki ni) means 'first of all' or 'at the head of'.
17．ぞの結果を聞いて<u>落胆した</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
落胆する (らくたんする) means 'to be disheartened' or 'to be disappointed'. がっかりする (gakkari suru) means 'to be disappointed' or 'to feel let down'. The sentence means 'I was disappointed to hear that result'.
Why other options are incorrect:
びっくりした (bikkuri shita) means 'was surprised'.
動揺した (douyou shita) means 'was shaken' or 'disturbed'.
疑問を持った (gimon wo motta) means 'had a doubt'.
18．あの小説の結末は<u>あっけない</u>ものだったらしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あっけない (akkenai) means 'too quick', 'too brief', 'unsatisfying', or 'disappointing' (often because it ended too quickly or was less significant than expected). 意外につまらない (igai ni tsumaranai) means 'unexpectedly boring/uninteresting'. The sentence means 'The ending of that novel seemed to be unexpectedly dull/unsatisfying'.
Why other options are incorrect:
意外におもしろい (igai ni omoshiroi) means 'unexpectedly interesting'.
予想通りつまらない (yosou doori tsumaranai) means 'as expected, boring'.
予想通りおもしろい (yosou doori omoshiroi) means 'as expected, interesting'.
19. あのポスターは色の<u>コントラスト</u>が印象的だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
コントラスト (contrast) means the state of being strikingly different from something else. 対比 (たいひ) means 'contrast' or 'comparison'. The sentence means 'The color contrast of that poster is impressive'.
Why other options are incorrect:
効果 (こうか) means 'effect' or 'result'.
繊細 (せんさい) means 'delicate' or 'subtle'.
豊富さ (ほうふさ) means 'abundance' or 'richness'.
問題４ 次の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・４から一つ選びなさい。
20. とっくに
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
とっくに (tokku ni) means 'long ago', 'already', or 'a long time ago'. Option 2, '山田さんならとっくに帰りました。' (Mr. Yamada already went home a long time ago.), uses とっくに correctly to indicate an action completed well in the past.
Why other options are incorrect:
とっくに implies a past action completed a while ago, not a state of existence in the past. 'Once upon a time' or 'formerly' would be more appropriate here.
とっくに遅い is redundant. '今ごろ謝っても遅いよ' (It's too late to apologize now) is sufficient. とっくに is usually used with a completed action.
とっくに implies a past completion, not an ongoing state since a recent past. 'さっきからずっと' (continuously since a while ago) would be more appropriate.
21. まちまち
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
まちまち (machimachi) means 'varied', 'diverse', or 'different'. Option 1, 'うちの家族は夕食をとる時間なまちまちだ。' (The time our family eats dinner varies.), uses まちまち correctly to describe something that is not uniform.
Why other options are incorrect:
まちまち doesn't fit here. Perhaps 'separately' (別々に) or 'individually' (個別に) would be better for wrapping items.
まちまち is used to describe things that are different from each other, not for colors mixed in a bouquet. '様々な' (various) or '色々な' (various) would be more appropriate.
まちまち is used to describe the state of things being varied, not as a modifier for 'stores'. '各店舗' (each store) or '店舗によって' (depending on the store) would be more appropriate.
22. ゆとり
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ゆとり (yutori) means 'room', 'space', 'time', 'leeway', or 'financial余裕 (yoyuu)'. Option 2, '子供が生まれてからは経済的にゆとりがなくなった' (Since the child was born, I no longer have financial leeway), uses ゆとり correctly to refer to financial comfort or余裕.
Why other options are incorrect:
ゆとり is not used for the remaining quantity of materials. '残り' (remaining) or '余り' (leftover) would be more appropriate.
ゆとり is not used for requesting an extension of time. '猶予' (yuuyo: postponement, grace period) or '延長' (enchou: extension) would be more appropriate.
ゆとり is not used for room for negotiation in this way. '余地' (yochi: room, space) would be more appropriate.
23. 配布
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
配布 (はいふ) means 'distribution' or 'delivery'. Option 4, 'あの店では今、化粧品の無料サンプルを配布している。' (That store is currently distributing free samples of cosmetics.), uses 配布 correctly to describe the act of handing out items.
Why other options are incorrect:
ニュース (news) is 'delivered' or 'provided' online, not 'distributed' in this sense. '配信' (haishin: distribution/delivery of information) would be more appropriate.
電波 (denpa: radio waves) are 'received' or 'available', not 'distributed' in this sense. '届く' (todoku: reach) or '利用できる' (riyou dekiru: available) would be more appropriate.
商品 (shouhin: goods) are 'delivered' (配達 haitatsu) or 'sent' (送付 soufu) to individual homes, not 'distributed' (配布 haifu) in this context.
24. 質素
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
質素 (しっそ) means 'simple', 'plain', or 'frugal'. Option 4, '無駄なものは買わずに、質素な生活を送っている。' (I live a simple life without buying unnecessary things.), uses 質素 correctly to describe a lifestyle that is plain and without extravagance.
Why other options are incorrect:
質素 is not used for writing style. '簡潔' (kanketsu: concise) or '平易' (heii: simple, plain) would be more appropriate.
質素 is not used for price. '手頃な' (tegorona: affordable) or '安い' (yasui: cheap) would be more appropriate.
質素 is not used for experience. '浅い' (asai: shallow, limited) or '少ない' (sukunai: little) would be more appropriate.
25. 見失う
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
見失う (みうしなう) means 'to lose sight of' or 'to lose track of'. Option 4, 'よそ見をしながら歩いていから、友達を見失ってしまった。' (Because I was walking while looking away, I lost sight of my friend.), uses 見失う correctly to describe physically losing sight of someone.
Why other options are incorrect:
見失う means to lose sight of something, not to miss an opportunity. '見逃さず' (minogasanai: not miss) would be more appropriate.
見失う is not used for overlooking mistakes. '見落としていた' (miotoshiteita: overlooked) would be more appropriate.
見失う is not used for losing track of people in the sense of abandoning them. '見捨てる' (misuteru: abandon) or '見放す' (mihanasu: give up on) would be more appropriate.
問題５ 次の文の（ ）に入れるのに最もよいものを、1．2．3．４から一つ選びなさい。
26. 燃料価格の高騰（ ）、複数の航空会社が運賃を値上げした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～を受けて」 (o ukete) means 'in response to' or 'as a result of'. It indicates that something happened as a direct consequence of a previous event or situation. Here, the airline companies raised fares in response to the surge in fuel prices.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～に沿って」 (ni sotte) means 'along' or 'in accordance with' (e.g., 規則に沿って - in accordance with the rules).
「～にわたって」 (ni watatte) means 'throughout' or 'over (a period/range)' (e.g., 全域にわたって - throughout the entire area).
「～を通じる」 (o tsuujiru) means 'through' or 'via' (e.g., インターネットを通じて - via the internet).
27. 本日結論が出なかった問題については、次回、改めて検討すること（ ）致します。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～ことと致します」 (koto to itashimasu) is a formal expression meaning 'we have decided to do ~' or 'we will make it a point to do ~'. It indicates a decision or resolution. The sentence means 'Regarding the issues for which no conclusion was reached today, we will reconsider them again next time'.
Why other options are incorrect:
The particle の does not form a standard grammatical pattern with 「検討すること」 in this context.
The particle で does not form a standard grammatical pattern with 「検討すること」 in this context.
The particle が does not form a standard grammatical pattern with 「検討すること」 in this context.
28. 全国の名産品を電話一本で自宅まで届けてくれるサービスが、その手軽さ（ ）人気を集めている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～ゆえに」 (yue ni) means 'because of' or 'due to'. It indicates a cause or reason. The service is popular because of its ease. The sentence means 'The service that delivers local specialties from all over the country to your home with just one phone call is gaining popularity due to its convenience'.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～ながら」 (nagara) means 'while' or 'although' (e.g., 残念ながら - unfortunately).
「～どころか」 (dokoro ka) means 'far from' or 'on the contrary' (e.g., 勉強するどころか遊んでばかりいる - far from studying, he's just playing).
「～なくして」 (nakushite) means 'without' (e.g., 努力なくして成功はない - there is no success without effort).
29. Ａ「頂上まで、どのくらいかかりますか。」<br/>Ｂ「大人の私で2時間半といった（ ）でしたから、お子さん連れなら、半日かかるかもしれませんね。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～といったところだ」 (to itta tokoro da) means 'about', 'around', or 'at most'. It indicates an approximate amount or extent. Here, it means 'it took about 2 and a half hours for an adult like me'. The sentence means 'A: How long does it take to reach the summit? B: For an adult like me, it was about two and a half hours, so if you're with children, it might take half a day'.
Why other options are incorrect:
The particle こと does not form this specific idiomatic expression for approximation.
The particle ばかり does not form this specific idiomatic expression for approximation.
The particle とき does not form this specific idiomatic expression for approximation.
30. 1００年の伝統を誇るこの旅館のサービスには、老舗旅館（ ）細やかな心遣いが感じられる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～ならではの」 (narade wa no) means 'unique to', 'only possible with', or 'characteristic of'. It emphasizes that something is a special quality or feature that only a particular person, place, or thing possesses. The sentence means 'The service at this inn, which boasts a 100-year tradition, has the delicate thoughtfulness unique to a long-established inn'.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～ごときの」 (gotoki no) means 'like' or 'such as', often with a negative or dismissive nuance.
「～がらみの」 (garami no) means 'related to' or 'connected with' (e.g., 金がらみの問題 - money-related problem).
「～ほどまでの」 (hodo made no) means 'to the extent of' or 'up to the point of'.
31. 彼の論文は、構成にはまだ尐し問題がある気が（ ）、内容自体はだいぶよくなったと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～しないでもない」 (shinai demo nai) means 'it's not that one doesn't do ~' or 'one might do ~'. It expresses a weak affirmation or a possibility, often with a slight reservation. Here, it means 'I can't say there isn't a problem with the structure'. The sentence means 'I feel there are still some problems with the structure of his thesis, but I think the content itself has improved considerably'.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～することはない」 (suru koto wa nai) means 'there's no need to do ~'.
「～するよりほかない」 (suru yori hoka nai) means 'have no choice but to do ~'.
「～しないのではない」 (shinai no de wa nai) means 'it's not that one doesn't do ~', but it's less natural in this context and often used in rhetorical questions.
32. 夫「週末の旅行、このスーツケースでどうかなあ？」<br/>妻「何週間も海外に（ ）、今度はそんなに大きいスーツケースは要らないんじゃない？」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～わけじゃあるまいし」 (wake ja arumai shi) means 'it's not as if ~' or 'it's not like ~'. It's used to state that something is not the case, implying that the listener's action or thought is inappropriate given the actual situation. Here, the wife implies that since it's just a weekend trip, a big suitcase isn't necessary because they are not going overseas for weeks.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～もんだっただろうに」 (mon datta darou ni) means 'it should have been that ~' and expresses regret or surprise.
「～わけだったんだから」 (wake datta n dakara) means 'since it was the case that ~' and states a reason.
「～もんじゃないだろうけど」 (mon ja nai darou kedo) means 'it's probably not something one should do, but ~'.
33. (インタビューで)<br/>記者「田中監督、優勝おめでとうございます。田中監督語自身の今のお気持ちを（ ）。」<br/>監督「はい。優勝できて本当にうれしいです。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「お聞かせ願えますか」 (okikase negaemasu ka) is a very polite way to ask someone to let you hear something, or to tell you something. It uses the humble form of 聞く (to hear/ask) and 願う (to request). The reporter is politely asking the coach to share his feelings.
Why other options are incorrect:
「お聞きいただけません」 (okiki itadakemasen) is grammatically awkward and sounds like 'You cannot listen to me'.
「お話になるでしょうか」 (ohanashi ni naru deshou ka) means 'Will you speak?' It is polite but less direct and natural for requesting someone to share their feelings in this context.
「お話し申し上げましょうか」 (ohanashi moushiagemashou ka) uses the humble form and means 'Shall I speak?' It implies the speaker is offering to speak, not asking the other person to speak.
34. 今年は花粉の量が多いので、花粉症の人は辛いらしい。目が多少かゆくなる（ ）、ひどい場合は痛くて目が開けられなくなることもあるそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～くらいはいいとしても」 (kurai wa ii to shitemo) means 'even if it's acceptable to the extent of ~' or 'even if ~ is tolerable'. It implies that a certain level is acceptable, but anything beyond that is not. The sentence means 'This year, the amount of pollen is high, so people with hay fever seem to be having a hard time. Even if it's acceptable for eyes to itch a little, in severe cases, it seems they can become so painful that one cannot open their eyes'.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～までにならないとしても」 (made ni naranai to shitemo) means 'even if it doesn't reach the point of ~'. While grammatically possible, it doesn't fit the nuance of 'tolerable' as well as the correct option.
This option appears to be a typo for 'までにならないとすれば', which would mean 'if it doesn't reach the point of ~'.
「～くらいでいいとすれば」 (kurai de ii to sureba) means 'if it's acceptable to the extent of ~'. The nuance of 'even if' (としても) in the correct option is stronger, implying a contrast with the severe cases.
35. 駅前の再開発の意義は理解出来ても。長年そこで商売をしてきた人達にとっては閉店や立ち退きは不本意で、すぐには（ ）と思われる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「～がたい」 (gatai) means 'difficult to do ~'. So, 「受け入れがたい」 (ukeiregatai) means 'difficult to accept'. 「～のではないか」 (no de wa nai ka) is a rhetorical question implying 'I think it is ~'. Thus, 「受け入れがたいのではないか」 means 'I think it would be difficult to accept'. The sentence means 'Even if one understands the significance of the station front redevelopment, for the people who have been doing business there for many years, closing their shops or being evicted is against their will, and it is thought that it would not be easy for them to accept it immediately'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is grammatically convoluted and means 'It's not that they won't accept it without doing so', which doesn't fit the context of difficulty.
This option means 'Isn't it best not to accept it?', which implies a recommendation rather than a difficulty.
This option means 'Isn't it that they won't accept it?', which is less natural for expressing the difficulty of acceptance.
問題６次の文の☆に入る最もよいものを、123４から一つ選びなさい。
36. 雑誌で紹介された __ __ ★ __ というわけでわないだろう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct sentence is: 「雑誌で紹介されたレストランだからといって、必ずしもおいしいというわけではないだろう。」This uses the grammar pattern 「～からといって、必ずしも～というわけではない」 which means 'just because ~, it doesn't necessarily mean ~'. The word that fits into the ★ position is おいしい (delicious). The sentence means 'Just because a restaurant was introduced in a magazine, it doesn't necessarily mean it's delicious'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 'レストラン' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and nonsensical.
Placing 'からといって' at ★ would break the grammar pattern and make the sentence incomplete.
Placing '必ずしも' at ★ would break the grammar pattern and make the sentence incomplete.
37. 彼はとても優秀で成績が学年の上位に入っている __ __ ★ __ 真面目で好感がもてる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct sentence is: 「彼はとても優秀で成績が学年の上位に入っているのみならず、授業に取り組む姿勢そのものも真面目で好感がもてる。」This uses the grammar pattern 「～のみならず、～も」 which means 'not only ~, but also ~'. The word that fits into the ★ position is 授業に取り組む (jūgyō ni torikumu: to engage in classes). The sentence means 'Not only is he very excellent and ranks high in his grade, but his attitude towards engaging in classes itself is also serious and likable'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 'のみならず' at ★ would break the grammar pattern and make the sentence incomplete.
Placing '姿勢そのものも' at ★ would break the grammar pattern and make the sentence incomplete.
Placing 'ことが多い' at ★ would break the grammar pattern and make the sentence incomplete.
38. (会社で)<br>A: 「X 社に行くなら、電話で連絡してから行ったら。」<br/>B: 「いや、X 社の担当者が __ __ ★ __ だから、しなくれいいよ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct sentence is: 「いや、X社の担当者が不在なら、この書類を預けてくればいいだけのことだから、しなくていいよ。」This uses the pattern 「～だけのことだ」 which means 'it's just a matter of ~' or 'all you have to do is ~'. The word that fits into the ★ position is 預けてくればいい (azukete kureba ii: just leave it). The conversation means 'A: If you're going to X company, why don't you call them first? B: No, if the person in charge at X company is absent, all you have to do is leave this document, so you don't need to call'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 'この書類を' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
Placing 'だけのこと' at ★ would break the grammar pattern and make the sentence incomplete.
Placing '不在なら' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
39. 政府は __ __ ★ __ として、手始め自動車税の引き上げを主張している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct sentence is: 「政府は増税避けようのないものとして、手始めに自動車税の引き上げを主張している。」This uses the pattern 「～ようのない」 (you no nai) which means 'there is no way to ~' or 'cannot be ~'. So, 「避けようのないもの」 means 'something unavoidable'. The word that fits into the ★ position is のない (no nai). The sentence means 'The government is advocating for a raise in automobile tax as a start, considering it an unavoidable increase in tax'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 'もの' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
Placing '増税' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
Placing '避けよう' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
40. 「反省」とは、あたかも他人 __ __ ★ __ 自らを客観的して精神活動である。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct sentence is: 「「反省」とは、あたかも他人を眺めるがごとく、自らを客観視する精神活動である。」This uses the grammar pattern 「～がごとく」 (ga gotoku) which means 'as if', 'like', or 'as though'. It's a classical or literary expression. The word that fits into the ★ position is が (ga). The sentence means ''Reflection' is a mental activity of objectively viewing oneself, as if looking at another person'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 'を' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
Placing 'ごとく' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
Placing '眺める' at ★ would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and incomplete.
問題７ 次の文章を読ん出、文章全体の趣旨を踏まえて、４1から４５の中に入る最もよいものを、1．2．3．４．かぁ一つ選びなさい
Reading Passage
(前略) ご無沙汰していますが、お変わりありませんか。
こちらは元気でやっています。先にハガキでお知らせしたとおり、三月に引っ越しをしました。大阪に来ることがあればぜひ立ち寄ってください。積もる話もあるので、泊まりがけで来てもらえるなら、なお歓迎します。
さて、お送りくださったアモン・デュールの『ウルフ・シディ』は、大学時代に【41】借りたはずです。長い間、どうもありがとう。二十年以上も借りてしまって、申し訳ない。
[なくしたと思ってＣＤで買い直した]ということのありませんように。
引っ越し後に整理をしていたら、人様から借りたままの本やレコードがごろごろ出てきて猛省し、順に持ち主へ返還していっているのです。
【42】[あるはずなのに見当たらない本]が少なくからずあって、それを誰に貸したか思い出すのに一苦労しています。君のように、借りた本をきちんと返す人は珍しいわけです。
君に【43】、たった一つ。五年ほど前、神戸で会った時、[ホテルに財布を忘れてきた]と言うから貸した一万円だけだ。【44】会っていないんですね。年をとると、時間がたつのが早く驚きます。ともあれ、遠からず来訪を待っています。神戸で盛り上がった話の続きでも【45】。
では、また連絡ください。奥さんによろしく。
草々
二００四年五月十六日
野間亜門様
有栖川有栖
English Summary & Annotations
【41】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that the CD was sent by Noma (君). Therefore, it must have been borrowed *from* Noma. '君から' (kimi kara) means 'from you'.
Why other options are incorrect:
The context clearly indicates the CD was from Noma, not 'from other people'.
友人に (yuujin ni) means 'to a friend', which is the wrong direction of action (borrowed from, not to).
誰かに (dareka ni) means 'to someone', which is the wrong direction of action (borrowed from, not to).
【42】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The first part of the paragraph discusses the author returning borrowed items. The sentence starting with 【42】 then shifts to discussing books the author lent out that are now missing. This indicates a contrast or a different aspect of the same issue (borrowing/lending). 「一方」 (ippō) means 'on the other hand' or 'meanwhile', which fits this contrasting context.
Why other options are incorrect:
即ち (sunawachi) means 'that is' or 'namely', used for clarification or restatement, which doesn't fit the shift in topic.
あるいは (aruiwa) means 'or' or 'perhaps', used for alternatives or possibilities.
といっても (to ittemo) means 'although' or 'even so', used to introduce a concession or a counter-argument.
【43】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence continues: 'たった一つ。五年ほど前、神戸で会った時、[ホテルに財布を忘れてきた]と言うから貸した一万円だけだ。' This means the only thing the author *lent* to Noma and hasn't gotten back is the 10,000 yen. So, 「貸したままなのは」 (kashita mama na no wa), meaning 'the only thing I lent and it remains that way', is the correct fit.
Why other options are incorrect:
借りているのっは (kariteiru no wa) means 'what I am borrowing', which is the opposite of the context (the author lent money).
借りなくてはいけないのは (karinakute wa ikenai no wa) means 'what I must borrow', which is irrelevant to the context.
貸すことができるのは (kasu koto ga dekiru no wa) means 'what I can lend', which doesn't fit the past event of lending money.
【44】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The previous sentence mentions lending money five years ago in Kobe. The current sentence says '会っていないんですね。' (We haven't met). 「あれ以来」 (are irai) means 'since then' or 'since that time', indicating that they haven't met *since* that encounter in Kobe five years ago.
Why other options are incorrect:
その際 (sono sai) means 'at that time' or 'on that occasion', referring to the specific moment of lending money, not the period after.
それ以前 (sore izen) means 'before that', which contradicts the idea of not having met since that time.
あの時 (ano toki) means 'at that time', similar to その際, referring to a specific point in time, not a duration.
【45】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence ends with 'ともあれ、遠からず来訪を待っています。神戸で盛り上がった話の続きでも【45】。' The author is inviting Noma to visit and suggests continuing their conversation. 「～しましょうか」 (shimashou ka) is a polite suggestion or invitation, meaning 'Shall we do ~?' or 'How about we do ~?'. This fits the context of suggesting to continue the conversation.
Why other options are incorrect:
してみます (shitemimasu) means 'I will try to do ~', which is not a suggestion to the other person.
するようです (suru you desu) means 'it seems to do ~', which is an observation, not a suggestion.
するのですか (suru no desu ka) means 'Are you going to do ~?' or 'Is it that you do ~?', which is a question about the other person's action, not a suggestion.