JLPT Test N1

N12012/DecemberGrammar & Reading
Q25 Questions
T~50 minutes
S8 Sections

å•éĄŒīŧ˜ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊž(4)ぎ文įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã€åžŒãŽå•ã„ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ最もよいもぎを、īŧ‘、īŧ’、īŧ“、īŧ”ã‹ã‚‰ä¸€ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Question 46

æĩčĄŒãĢついãĻã€į­†č€…ã¯ãŠãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢč€ƒãˆãĻいるか

1.å¤šããŽč€…ãĢčŗŧč˛ˇæ„æŦ˛ã‚’čǘį™ēさせるもぎである。
2.å¤šããŽč€…ãĢᜟäŧŧられることãĒしãĢは始ぞらãĒい。 Correct
3.į‰šåŽšãŽãƒ‡ã‚ļイナãƒŧãĢよるčǘį™ēがæŦ ã‹ã›ãĒい。
4.į‰šåŽšãŽãƒ‡ã‚ļイナãƒŧãŽã‚‚ãŽãŒįœŸäŧŧられãĒければãĒらãĒい。
Correct Answer: 2. å¤šããŽč€…ãĢᜟäŧŧられることãĒしãĢは始ぞらãĒい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "å¤šããŽč€…ãŒæ¨Ąå€Ŗã—ãĻはじめãĻæĩčĄŒã¯æˆįĢ‹ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚" (A trend only forms when many people imitate it). Option 2, "å¤šããŽč€…ãĢᜟäŧŧられることãĒしãĢは始ぞらãĒい" (It doesn't start without being imitated by many people), directly reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
å¤šããŽč€…ãĢčŗŧč˛ˇæ„æŦ˛ã‚’čǘį™ēさせるもぎである。

While 'čǘį™ēさせる' (induce) is mentioned, the core idea is about imitation, not solely purchasing desire. The passage emphasizes imitation as the prerequisite for a trend.

į‰šåŽšãŽãƒ‡ã‚ļイナãƒŧãĢよるčǘį™ēがæŦ ã‹ã›ãĒい。

The passage explicitly states that a trend *doesn't* form if only a specific designer's item sells; it requires imitation by many people, not just inducement by a specific designer.

į‰šåŽšãŽãƒ‡ã‚ļイナãƒŧãŽã‚‚ãŽãŒįœŸäŧŧられãĒければãĒらãĒい。

The passage contradicts this by saying that if only a specific designer's item sells, it won't become a trend. It needs to be imitated by a wide audience.

Question 47

æĨ­å‹™ãŽãŸã‚ãĢæē帯é›ģčŠąã‚’äŊŋį”¨ã—ãĻいるäēēはおうしãĒければãĒらãĒいか

1.č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã‚’7月10æ—ĨぞでãĢ、7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’8月1æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。
2.č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã‚’7月10æ—ĨぞでãĢ、7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’8月31æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。 Correct
3.č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã‚’7月17æ—ĨぞでãĢ、7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’8月1æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。
4.č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã¨7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’ã€8月31æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。
Correct Answer: 2. č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã‚’7月10æ—ĨぞでãĢ、7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’8月31æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Based on typical administrative document requirements, this option correctly states that the application form (č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸) must be submitted by July 10th, and the call charge statements (é€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄž) for up to July 31st must be submitted by August 31st. This aligns with common administrative deadlines.

Why other options are incorrect:
č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã‚’7月10æ—ĨぞでãĢ、7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’8月1æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。

This option incorrectly states the deadline for call charge statements as August 1st, whereas it should be August 31st.

č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã‚’7月17æ—ĨぞでãĢ、7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’8月1æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。

This option incorrectly states both the deadline for the application form (July 17th instead of July 10th) and the deadline for call charge statements (August 1st instead of August 31st).

č˛¸ä¸Žį”ŗčĢ‹æ›¸ã¨7月31æ—Ĩãžã§ãŽé€ščŠąæ–™é‡‘čĢ‹æą‚æ›¸éĄžã‚’ã€8月31æ—ĨぞでãĢįˇå‹™éƒ¨ãĢ提å‡ēする。

This option incorrectly implies that both documents have the same deadline of August 31st, whereas the application form has an earlier deadline of July 10th.

Question 48

こぎ文įĢ ã§ã€į­†č€…ã¯ã‚¤ãƒŗã‚ŋãƒŧネットをおぎようãĢとらえãĻいるか。

1.åēƒã„čĻ–é‡Žã‚’å¤ąã‚ãšãĢäŊŋį”¨ã™ã‚Œã°ã€ã‚ˆã‚Šæˇąã„æƒ…å ąã‚’åž—ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚
2.é™ã‚‰ã‚ŒãŸæƒ…å ąã‚„ã€å€‹äēēãŽčˆˆå‘ŗãŽã‚ã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽã‚’åž—ã‚‹ãĢはäžŋ刊ãĒé“å…ˇã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚
3.äžŋ刊ãĒもぎだが、äŊŋい斚ãĢ気をつけãĒã„ã¨é™ã‚‰ã‚ŒãŸä¸–į•Œã§į”Ÿãã‚‹ã“ã¨ãĢãĒる。 Correct
4.æ„č­˜ã—ãĻäŊŋį”¨ã—ãĒければ、č‡Ēåˆ†ãŽäžĄå€¤čĻŗãĢåˆãŖãŸæƒ…å ąãŒåž—ã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいことãĢãĒる。
Correct Answer: 3. äžŋ刊ãĒもぎだが、äŊŋい斚ãĢ気をつけãĒã„ã¨é™ã‚‰ã‚ŒãŸä¸–į•Œã§į”Ÿãã‚‹ã“ã¨ãĢãĒる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "ä¸–į•ŒčĻŗã‚’åēƒã’ã‚‹ã‚¤ãƒŗã‚ŋãƒŧネットが、逆ãĢä¸–į•ŒčĻŗã‚„äžĄå€¤čĻŗã‚’į‹­ã‚ãĻしぞう、čĻ–é‡Žį‹­įĒ„ãĢé™Ĩã‚‰ã›ã‚‹é“å…ˇã¨ãĒãŖãĻしぞうぎです。" (The internet, which should broaden one's worldview, paradoxically becomes a tool that narrows one's worldview and values, causing tunnel vision). This directly supports option 3, which says it's convenient but can lead to living in a limited world if not used carefully.

Why other options are incorrect:
åēƒã„čĻ–é‡Žã‚’å¤ąã‚ãšãĢäŊŋį”¨ã™ã‚Œã°ã€ã‚ˆã‚Šæˇąã„æƒ…å ąã‚’åž—ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚

While the internet *can* provide deeper information, the author's main point is the *danger* of narrowing one's view if not used consciously, not just the benefit of deep information.

é™ã‚‰ã‚ŒãŸæƒ…å ąã‚„ã€å€‹äēēãŽčˆˆå‘ŗãŽã‚ã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽã‚’åž—ã‚‹ãĢはäžŋ刊ãĒé“å…ˇã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚

This is a partial truth about the internet's utility, but it misses the author's critical perspective on its potential negative impact of narrowing one's worldview.

æ„č­˜ã—ãĻäŊŋį”¨ã—ãĒければ、č‡Ēåˆ†ãŽäžĄå€¤čĻŗãĢåˆãŖãŸæƒ…å ąãŒåž—ã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいことãĢãĒる。

The passage says if you *don't* use it consciously, *only* limited information (aligned with your values) gathers, leading to a narrow view. Option 4 states you *won't get* information aligned with your values, which is the opposite of what the text implies.

Question 49

į­†č€…ãŽč€ƒãˆã‚’æœ€ã‚‚ã‚ˆãčĄ¨ã—ãĻいるぎはおれか。

1.čĒ°ã‚‚ãŒį¤žäŧšãŽä¸­åŋƒã‹ã‚‰é ãé›ĸれた存在だ。
2.čĒ°ã‚‚ãŒäģ–äēēぎ存在をčĒã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã€‚
3.一äēē一äēēãŒį”Ÿãã‚‹æ„å‘ŗã‚’æŒãŖãĻいる大切ãĒ存在だ。 Correct
4.一äēē一äēēがč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽį”Ÿãã‚‹ä¸–į•Œã‚’čĻ‹ã¤ã‘ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã 
Correct Answer: 3. 一äēē一äēēãŒį”Ÿãã‚‹æ„å‘ŗã‚’æŒãŖãĻいる大切ãĒ存在だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Based on the common themes in such philosophical texts, this option suggests that each individual is a precious existence with a meaning to live. The notes 'æŠŧしやる' (to push away) and 'č‡ĒåˇąãƒãƒĨãƒŧ' (self-centered) might imply a contrast to this, suggesting the author advocates for recognizing individual value beyond self-centeredness.

Why other options are incorrect:
čĒ°ã‚‚ãŒį¤žäŧšãŽä¸­åŋƒã‹ã‚‰é ãé›ĸれた存在だ。

This is a pessimistic view, suggesting alienation, which is unlikely to be the main point of a text aiming to express the author's core thought on human existence.

čĒ°ã‚‚ãŒäģ–äēēぎ存在をčĒã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã€‚

While recognizing others is important, the question asks for the author's view on *their own* thought, and option 3 focuses more directly on the inherent meaning and value of each individual.

一äēē一äēēがč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽį”Ÿãã‚‹ä¸–į•Œã‚’čĻ‹ã¤ã‘ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã 

This option is about self-discovery and finding one's place, but option 3 emphasizes the inherent meaning and value that each person *already possesses*.

å•éĄŒīŧ™ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊž(3)ぎ文įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã€åžŒãŽå•ã„ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ最もよいもぎを、īŧ‘、īŧ’、īŧ“、īŧ”ã‹ã‚‰ä¸€ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Reading Passage

(1)
į§ã¯ã€ã€ŒãŠã†ã—ãŸã‚‰ã‚ã‹ã‚Šã‚„ã™ãäŧãˆã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã‹ã€ã¨ã„うことを常ãĢč€ƒãˆãĻいぞす。
ããŽä¸€æ–šã§ã€ã€ŒčŠąã‚’å˜į´”åŒ–ã—ã™ãŽãĻはいけãĒã„ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã‚‚čƒ†ãĢ銘じãĻいぞす。
ã“ãŽčŒ˛ã­åˆã„ãŒã€įĩæ§‹é›Ŗã—ã„ãŽã§ã™ã€‚æ‰ąã†ãƒ†ãƒŧマãĢé–ĸしãĻ勉åŧˇã‚’įŠãŋ重ね、įŸĨč­˜ãŒåĸ—えるãģãŠã€é›Ŗã—ããĒりぞす。

į”ŸåŠå¯ãĢしかįŸĨらãĒいときぎãģã†ãŒã€į°Ąå˜ãĢã–ãŖãã‚Šå˜į´”åŒ–ã§ããŸã‚Šã—ãžã™ã€‚ã§ã‚‚ã€ããŽãŸã‚ãĢįĩæžœã¨ã—ãĻ、全äŊ“像がčĻ‹ãˆãšãĢæ­Ēんだ像をį¤ēしたり、äē‹åŽŸã¨ãƒ‹ãƒĨã‚ĸãƒŗã‚šãŒé•ãŖãĻきãĻã—ãžãŖãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãĢもつãĒがりぞす。これはとãĻも①怖いことです。
ãã‚Œã‚’é˜˛ããĢは、おうしたらいいか。(中į•Ĩ)

ぞず、čĒŋずたいことを勉åŧˇã—ãĻ、čĒ°ã‹ãĢčŠąã—ãĻãŋãžã™ã€‚į°Ąå˜ãĢčŠąãŒã§ããŸã‚‰ã€čĻæŗ¨æ„ã€‚å­Ļéƒ¨į”ŸãƒŦベãƒĢである可čƒŊ性がéĢ˜ã„ã‹ã‚‰ã§ã™ã€‚ãã“ã§æē€čļŗã›ãšãĢ、さらãĢæˇąã„å‹‰åŧˇã‚’しãĻãŋãžã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€ã‚ã‚‰ä¸æ€č­°ã€‚æ€ĨãĢčŠąãŒé›Ŗã—ããĒりぞす。これが大å­Ļé™ĸį”ŸãƒŦベãƒĢã§ã™ã€‚ã„ã‚ã°â‘Ąã€Œã‚ã‹ã‚Šã‚„ã™ã„čĒŦ明」ãĢč‡ŗã‚‹ã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—ãŽã‚ˆã†ãĒもぎです。

そこでæŒĢ折せず、さらãĢ勉åŧˇã‚’æˇąã‚ã€ã€Œã“ãŽčŠąãŽã‚­ãƒĸはäŊ•ãĒãŽã‹ã€ã‚’č€ƒãˆæŠœããžã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€ã‚ã‚‹æ—Ĩįǁį„ļ、č‡Ē分でも銚くãģお、わかりやすいčĒŦ明ができãĻいることãĢ気ãĨくはずです。あãĒたは、そぎ分野で、晴れãĻ「指導教授」ぎįĢ‹å ´ãžã§æˆé•ˇã—ãŸãŽã§ã™ã€‚å­Ļéƒ¨į”ŸãƒŦベãƒĢぎäēēぎčĒŦæ˜ŽãŽé–“é•ã„ã‚’č¨‚æ­Ŗã—ãĻあげることもできるようãĢãĒãŖãŸã“ã¨ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚
æœ€åˆãŽå˜į´”åŒ–ã§æē€čļŗã›ãšã€ã•らãĢé̘ãŋã‚’į›ŽæŒ‡ã™ã¨ã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—ãĢé™Ĩる。そこをįĒį ´ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€ã€Œã‚ã‹ã‚Šã‚„ã™ã„čĒŦ明」が可čƒŊãĢãĒる。こぎプロã‚ģ゚が、キãƒĸãĒぎです。
English Summary & Annotations
The author constantly considers 'how to convey things clearly' while also bearing in mind (胆ãĢ銘じる: きもãĢめいじる: to keep firmly in mind) not to oversimplify. This balance is difficult, especially as one gains more knowledge on a topic. When one only has į”ŸåŠå¯ (ãĒぞはんか: superficial/half-baked) knowledge, it's easy to roughly (ã–ãŖãã‚Š: roughly/broadly) simplify, but this can lead to a distorted overall picture or inaccurate nuances, which is a 'scary thing'. To prevent this, the author suggests studying a topic, explaining it simply (which indicates a 'bachelor's degree level' understanding), and then studying deeper. This deeper study leads to a 'slump' (ã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—: slump) where explanations become difficult, akin to a 'graduate student level'. Overcoming this slump by further deep study and identifying the 'キãƒĸ' (きも: core/essence) of the topic eventually leads to surprisingly clear explanations, reaching a 'professor level' where one can correct others' mistakes. The key is not to be satisfied with initial simplification but to aim higher, overcome the slump, and then achieve clear explanations.
Question 50

①<u>怖いこと</u>とはäŊ•か

1.不十分ãĒįŸĨč­˜ã§čŠąã‚’å˜į´”åŒ–ã—ãŸãŸã‚ã€å†…åŽšãŒæ­ŖįĸēでãĒくãĒること Correct
2.čŠąãŒã‚ã„ãžã„ãĢãĒã‚Šã€æƒ…å ąã‚’æ–­į‰‡įš„ãĢしかäŧãˆã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒくãĒること
3.äē‹åޟãĢé–ĸするįŸĨč­˜ãŒä¸ååˆ†ãĒã›ã„ã§ã€čŠąãŒå˜į´”åŒ–ã—ãĨらいこと
4.æ‰ąã†ãƒ†ãƒŧマãĢé–ĸしãĻįŸĨč­˜ãŒåĸ—えるãģお、čĒŦæ˜ŽãŒé›Ŗã—ããĒること
Correct Answer: 1. 不十分ãĒįŸĨč­˜ã§čŠąã‚’å˜į´”åŒ–ã—ãŸãŸã‚ã€å†…åŽšãŒæ­ŖįĸēでãĒくãĒること
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states that simplifying with superficial knowledge can lead to "全äŊ“像がčĻ‹ãˆãšãĢæ­Ēんだ像をį¤ēしたり、äē‹åŽŸã¨ãƒ‹ãƒĨã‚ĸãƒŗã‚šãŒé•ãŖãĻきãĻã—ãžãŖãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãĢもつãĒがりぞす" (showing a distorted image without seeing the whole picture, or having facts and nuances differ). Option 1, "不十分ãĒįŸĨč­˜ã§čŠąã‚’å˜į´”åŒ–ã—ãŸãŸã‚ã€å†…åŽšãŒæ­ŖįĸēでãĒくãĒること" (The content becoming inaccurate due to oversimplification with insufficient knowledge), directly matches this.

Why other options are incorrect:
čŠąãŒã‚ã„ãžã„ãĢãĒã‚Šã€æƒ…å ąã‚’æ–­į‰‡įš„ãĢしかäŧãˆã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒくãĒること

The issue described is not ambiguity or fragmented information, but rather distortion and inaccuracy of the overall picture and nuances.

äē‹åޟãĢé–ĸするįŸĨč­˜ãŒä¸ååˆ†ãĒã›ã„ã§ã€čŠąãŒå˜į´”åŒ–ã—ãĨらいこと

The passage states that it's *easy* to simplify with insufficient knowledge ('į”ŸåŠå¯ãĢしかįŸĨらãĒいときぎãģã†ãŒã€į°Ąå˜ãĢã–ãŖãã‚Šå˜į´”åŒ–ã§ããŸã‚Šã—ãžã™'), not difficult.

æ‰ąã†ãƒ†ãƒŧマãĢé–ĸしãĻįŸĨč­˜ãŒåĸ—えるãģお、čĒŦæ˜ŽãŒé›Ŗã—ããĒること

This describes the 'slump' phase that occurs *after* deeper study, not the 'scary thing' which is the negative consequence of *oversimplification* with *insufficient* knowledge.

Question 51

②<u>「わかりやすいčĒŦ明」ãĢč‡ŗã‚‹ã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—</u>とあるが、おぎようãĒįŠļ態か。

1.įŸĨč­˜ãŒåĸ—えたãĢã‚‚ã‹ã‹ã‚ã‚‰ãšã€æˇąãŋぎあるčĒŦ明ができãĒいįŠļ態
2.įŸĨč­˜ãŒåĸ—えたためãĢã€ã‹ãˆãŖãĻわかりやすいčĒŦ明ができãĒいįŠļ態 Correct
3.į°Ąå˜ãĒことãĢもかかわらず、おうčĒŦ明すればいいかわからãĒいįŠļ態
4.čŠąã‚’į°Ąå˜ãĢしすぎるためãĢã€ã‹ãˆãŖãĻčĒŦæ˜Žã‚’į†č§Ŗã—ãĻもらえãĒいįŠļ態
Correct Answer: 2. įŸĨč­˜ãŒåĸ—えたためãĢã€ã‹ãˆãŖãĻわかりやすいčĒŦ明ができãĒいįŠļ態
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage describes the 'slump' as occurring after deeper study: "さらãĢæˇąã„å‹‰åŧˇã‚’しãĻãŋãžã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€ã‚ã‚‰ä¸æ€č­°ã€‚æ€ĨãĢčŠąãŒé›Ŗã—ããĒりぞす。これが大å­Ļé™ĸį”ŸãƒŦベãƒĢã§ã™ã€‚ã„ã‚ã°â‘Ąã€Œã‚ã‹ã‚Šã‚„ã™ã„čĒŦ明」ãĢč‡ŗã‚‹ã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—ãŽã‚ˆã†ãĒもぎです。" (Let's study even deeper. Then, surprisingly, the explanation suddenly becomes difficult. This is the graduate student level. It's like a slump on the way to 'easy-to-understand explanations'). This means that *because* knowledge increased, it became harder to explain simply. Option 2 accurately captures this.

Why other options are incorrect:
įŸĨč­˜ãŒåĸ—えたãĢã‚‚ã‹ã‹ã‚ã‚‰ãšã€æˇąãŋぎあるčĒŦ明ができãĒいįŠļ態

It's not that deep explanations *cannot* be given, but that *easy-to-understand* explanations become difficult because the complexity of the subject becomes apparent with deeper knowledge.

į°Ąå˜ãĒことãĢもかかわらず、おうčĒŦ明すればいいかわからãĒいįŠļ態

The passage implies the topic becomes *more* complex with deeper study, making it difficult to explain, not that it's simple but hard to explain.

čŠąã‚’į°Ąå˜ãĢしすぎるためãĢã€ã‹ãˆãŖãĻčĒŦæ˜Žã‚’į†č§Ŗã—ãĻもらえãĒいįŠļ態

This describes the problem of *oversimplification* (the 'scary thing' mentioned earlier), not the 'slump' which occurs when knowledge deepens and the complexity of the subject makes simple explanation difficult.

Question 52

į­†č€…ã¯ã€ã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—ã‚’įĒį ´ã™ã‚‹ãĢはおうすればいいとčŋ°ãšãĻいるか

1.į°Ąå˜ãĢあきらめずãĢ、ãĒãœã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—ãĢãĒãŖãŸã‹ã‚’ã‚ˆãč€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚
2.あきらめずãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚’ã•ã‚‰ãĢæˇąã‚ã€æœŦčŗĒはäŊ•かを垚åē•įš„ãĢč€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚ Correct
3.å˜į´”åŒ–ã§ããŸčŠąã‚’æŒ¯ã‚Ščŋ”り、わかりやすいčĒŦ明とはäŊ•ã‹ã‚’č€ƒãˆæŠœãã€‚
4.十分ãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚’æˇąã‚ãŸã†ãˆã§ã€å˜į´”åŒ–ã™ã‚‹ãĢã¯ãŠã†ã™ã‚Œã°ã„ã„ã‹č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚
Correct Answer: 2. あきらめずãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚’ã•ã‚‰ãĢæˇąã‚ã€æœŦčŗĒはäŊ•かを垚åē•įš„ãĢč€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "そこでæŒĢ折せず、さらãĢ勉åŧˇã‚’æˇąã‚ã€ã€Œã“ãŽčŠąãŽã‚­ãƒĸはäŊ•ãĒãŽã‹ã€ã‚’č€ƒãˆæŠœããžã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚" (Don't give up there, study even deeper, and thoroughly think about what the 'core' of this topic is). Option 2, "あきらめずãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚’ã•ã‚‰ãĢæˇąã‚ã€æœŦčŗĒはäŊ•かを垚åē•įš„ãĢč€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚" (Without giving up, deepen your knowledge further and thoroughly consider what the essence is), directly reflects this advice.

Why other options are incorrect:
į°Ąå˜ãĢあきらめずãĢ、ãĒãœã‚šãƒŠãƒŗãƒ—ãĢãĒãŖãŸã‹ã‚’ã‚ˆãč€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚

While not giving up is implied, the specific action is to deepen knowledge and find the core essence, not just to analyze the cause of the slump.

å˜į´”åŒ–ã§ããŸčŠąã‚’æŒ¯ã‚Ščŋ”り、わかりやすいčĒŦ明とはäŊ•ã‹ã‚’č€ƒãˆæŠœãã€‚

The advice is to go *beyond* initial simplification and delve deeper into the subject, not to reflect on the previously simplified explanations.

十分ãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚’æˇąã‚ãŸã†ãˆã§ã€å˜į´”åŒ–ã™ã‚‹ãĢã¯ãŠã†ã™ã‚Œã°ã„ã„ã‹č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚

This option is close but misses the crucial part about thinking through the 'essence' (キãƒĸ) after deepening knowledge. The passage emphasizes finding the core, not just how to simplify after gaining sufficient knowledge.

å•éĄŒīŧ™ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊž(3)ぎ文įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã€åžŒãŽå•ã„ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ最もよいもぎを、īŧ‘、īŧ’、īŧ“、īŧ”ã‹ã‚‰ä¸€ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Reading Passage

(2)
児įĢĨ文å­Ļぎ多くは、子おもぎčĻ–į‚šã§æ›¸ã‹ã‚ŒãĻã„ãžã™ã€‚ã‚‚ãĄã‚ã‚“äŊœč€…は大äēēãĒãŽã§ã™ãŒã€å­ãŠã‚‚ãŽč€ƒãˆæ–šã‚„ã€å­ãŠã‚‚ãŽį›ŽãŽéĢ˜ã•ã‹ã‚‰čĻ‹ãˆã‚‹éĸ¨æ™¯ã‚’描いãĻいぞす。åŊ“į„ļぎことãĒがら大äēēがčĒ­ã‚€å ´åˆã€ãã“ãĢおうしãĻも①čĻ–į‚šãŽã‚ēãƒŦãŒį”Ÿã˜ãžã™ã€‚
けれお大äēēはãŋãĒ、昔、子おもでした。子おもを卒æĨ­ã—ãĻ大äēēãĢãĒãŖãŸã¨æ€ãŖãĻã„ã‚‹ãŽãŒã€å­ãŠã‚‚ã ãŖãŸč‡Ēåˆ†ã‚’æŠąãˆãŸãžãžå¤§äēēãĢãĒãŖãŸã¨æ€ãŖãĻいるぎかはäēēそれぞれでしょうが、尐ãĒくとも、だれもが子おも時äģŖã‚’過ごしãĻきãĻいぞす。大äēēぎčĻ–į‚šã§čĒ­ãŋãĒがら、子おもぎ頃ぎčĻ–į‚šã‚’æ€ã„å‡ēすことは可čƒŊです。č‡Ē分ぎ中ぎ子おもãĢ寄りæˇģãŖãĻã€ä¸€įˇ’ãĢčĒ­ã‚€ã¨ã§ã‚‚č¨€ãˆã°ã„ã„ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã‹ã€‚
子おも時äģŖãĢčĒ­ã‚“ã æœŦを再čĒ­ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€åŒã˜å ´éĸãĒぎãĢ、子おもぎ頃ぎč‡Ē分とäģŠãŽč‡Ēåˆ†ã¨ã§ã¯ã€æ„Ÿã˜æ–šã‚„å—ã‘å–ã‚Šæ–šãŒãĄãŒã†ãŽãĢ気ãĨくことがありぞす。それはäģŠãŽč‡Ē分が、č‡Ē分ぎåŋƒãŽä¸­ãĢいる子おもと向かいあう一įžŦです。そうした抟äŧšãĢ、äģŠãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŸãĄã¸ãŽãžãĒざしを新たãĢすることもあるでしょう。たとえば、「čŋ‘頃ぎ子おもãĢã¯ã“ãžãŖãŸã‚‚ãŽã ã€ã¨æ–‡åĨã‚’č¨€ãŖãĻいたけれお、子おもぎ頃ぎč‡Ēåˆ†ã¯ãŠã†ã ãŖãŸãŽã‹īŧŸã¨å•ã„į›´ã™ã€‚å¤§äēēであることãĢあぐらをかいãĻいたč‡Ēåˆ†ã‚’įœãŋる。そんãĒことがčĩˇã“るかもしれぞせん。
â‘ĄãŠã†ãžã€ã€Œå­ãŠã‚‚ãŽæœŦ」を開いãĻãŋãĻください。
English Summary & Annotations
Most children's literature is written from a child's perspective, even if the author is an adult. When adults read it, a 'shift in perspective' (čĻ–į‚šãŽã‚ēãƒŦ: しãĻんぎずれ) inevitably occurs. However, all adults were once children, and it's possible to recall their childhood perspective while reading from an adult viewpoint, perhaps by 'reading alongside the child within oneself'. Rereading books from childhood can reveal differences in how one felt or understood the same scenes then versus now. This moment of confronting the inner child can lead to a renewed 'gaze' (ぞãĒざし: gaze/look) towards children today, prompting self-reflection (č‡Ēåˆ†ã‚’įœãŋる: じãļんをかえりãŋる: to reflect on oneself) about one's own childhood behavior, especially when complaining about 'kids these days'. The author encourages adults to 'please open a children's book' to experience this.
Question 53

①<u>čĻ–į‚šãŽã‚ēãƒŦãŒį”Ÿã˜ãžã™</u>とあるが、ãĒぜそうãĒるぎか。

1.大äēēã¯å­ãŠã‚‚ãŽä¸–į•ŒãŒã‚ˆãį†č§Ŗã§ããĒいから
2.大äēēは子おもぎčĻ–į‚šãĢ合わせãĻčĒ­ã‚‚ã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰
3.大äēēぎčĻ‹ãĻきたéĸ¨æ™¯ã¨å­ãŠã‚‚ぎčĻ‹ãĻいるéĸ¨æ™¯ã¯ãĄãŒã†ã‹ã‚‰
4.大äēēぎčĻ–į‚šã‹ã‚‰å­ãŠã‚‚ãŽčĻ–į‚šã§æ›¸ã‹ã‚ŒãŸã‚‚ãŽã‚’čĒ­ã‚€ã‹ã‚‰ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 大äēēぎčĻ–į‚šã‹ã‚‰å­ãŠã‚‚ãŽčĻ–į‚šã§æ›¸ã‹ã‚ŒãŸã‚‚ãŽã‚’čĒ­ã‚€ã‹ã‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states that children's literature is written from a child's perspective, and when adults read it, a 'shift in perspective' occurs. This happens because the adult reader is approaching the text from their own adult viewpoint, which differs from the child's perspective embedded in the writing. Option 4 directly explains this mismatch.

Why other options are incorrect:
大äēēã¯å­ãŠã‚‚ãŽä¸–į•ŒãŒã‚ˆãį†č§Ŗã§ããĒいから

The passage doesn't claim adults cannot understand children's worlds; rather, it highlights the difference in perspective when reading something written from a child's viewpoint.

大äēēは子おもぎčĻ–į‚šãĢ合わせãĻčĒ­ã‚‚ã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰

The shift occurs *despite* or *before* any attempt to adjust one's perspective. The problem is the initial discrepancy, not the attempt to align.

大äēēぎčĻ‹ãĻきたéĸ¨æ™¯ã¨å­ãŠã‚‚ぎčĻ‹ãĻいるéĸ¨æ™¯ã¯ãĄãŒã†ã‹ã‚‰

While it's true that adult and child experiences differ, the core reason for the 'shift' is the fundamental difference between the adult's reading perspective and the child's perspective from which the book is written.

Question 54

ᭆ者ãĢよると、čĻ–į‚šãŽã‚ēãƒŦã‚’č§Ŗæļˆã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ãĢできることはäŊ•か。

1.大äēēぎčĻ–į‚šã§äģŠãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŸãĄãŽæ°—æŒãĄã‚’č€ƒãˆãĻčĒ­ã‚€ã€‚
2.大äēēぎč‡Ē分と子おも時äģŖãŽč‡Ē分を比ずãĒがらčĒ­ã‚€ã€‚
3.子おも時äģŖãŽč‡Ē分ぎčĻ–į‚šã‚’æ€ã„å‡ēしãĒがらčĒ­ã‚€ã€‚ Correct
4.子おもãĢčĒ­ã‚“ã§ã‚„ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĒæ°—æŒãĄã§čĒ­ã‚€ã€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 子おも時äģŖãŽč‡Ē分ぎčĻ–į‚šã‚’æ€ã„å‡ēしãĒがらčĒ­ã‚€ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage suggests, "大äēēぎčĻ–į‚šã§čĒ­ãŋãĒがら、子おもぎ頃ぎčĻ–į‚šã‚’æ€ã„å‡ēすことは可čƒŊです。č‡Ē分ぎ中ぎ子おもãĢ寄りæˇģãŖãĻã€ä¸€įˇ’ãĢčĒ­ã‚€ã¨ã§ã‚‚č¨€ãˆã°ã„ã„ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã‹ã€‚" (While reading from an adult perspective, it's possible to recall one's childhood perspective. Perhaps one could say it's like reading alongside the child within oneself.) Option 3 directly aligns with this advice.

Why other options are incorrect:
大äēēぎčĻ–į‚šã§äģŠãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŸãĄãŽæ°—æŒãĄã‚’č€ƒãˆãĻčĒ­ã‚€ã€‚

This is still reading from an adult perspective and doesn't address the core issue of recalling one's *own* childhood perspective to bridge the gap.

大äēēぎč‡Ē分と子おも時äģŖãŽč‡Ē分を比ずãĒがらčĒ­ã‚€ã€‚

Comparing oneself is a *potential outcome* or *realization* that can occur after recalling one's childhood perspective, not the method to resolve the perspective shift itself.

子おもãĢčĒ­ã‚“ã§ã‚„ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĒæ°—æŒãĄã§čĒ­ã‚€ã€‚

Reading *to* a child is a different act than reading *as* a child or recalling one's own childhood perspective. The goal is to understand the child's viewpoint from within.

Question 55

②<u>おうぞ、「子おもぎæœŦ」を開いãĻãŋãĻください</u>ã¨ã‚ã‚‹ãŒã€į­†č€…ã¯ãĒぜそぎようãĢčŋ°ãšãĻã„ã‚‹ã¨č€ƒãˆã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã‹ã€‚

1.äģŠãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŽč€ƒãˆæ–šã‚’įŸĨることで、大äēēであるč‡Ēåˆ†ã‚’įœãŋることもあるから
2.åŋƒãŽä¸­ãĢいる子おもぎ頃ころぎč‡Ē分ãĢ気ãĨくことで、これぞでぎčĻ‹æ–šãŒå¤‰ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚‚ã‚ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰ Correct
3.児įĢĨ文å­Ļã‚’ã‚ˆãį†č§Ŗã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€čŋ‘é ƒãĄã‹ã”ã‚ãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŽå•éĄŒį‚šã‚’į™ēčĻ‹ã§ãã‚‹ã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚ŒãĒいから
4.子おも時äģŖãŽæœŦを再čĒ­ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ã“ã‚Œãžã§ãŽč‡Ē分ぎことがよく分かるかもしれãĒいから
Correct Answer: 2. åŋƒãŽä¸­ãĢいる子おもぎ頃ころぎč‡Ē分ãĢ気ãĨくことで、これぞでぎčĻ‹æ–šãŒå¤‰ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚‚ã‚ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "子おも時äģŖãĢčĒ­ã‚“ã æœŦを再čĒ­ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€åŒã˜å ´éĸãĒぎãĢ、子おもぎ頃ぎč‡Ē分とäģŠãŽč‡Ēåˆ†ã¨ã§ã¯ã€æ„Ÿã˜æ–šã‚„å—ã‘å–ã‚Šæ–šãŒãĄãŒã†ãŽãĢ気ãĨくことがありぞす。それはäģŠãŽč‡Ē分が、č‡Ē分ぎåŋƒãŽä¸­ãĢいる子おもと向かいあう一įžŦです。そうした抟äŧšãĢ、äģŠãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŸãĄã¸ãŽãžãĒざしを新たãĢすることもあるでしょう。" (Rereading books from childhood can reveal differences in how one felt or understood the same scenes then versus now. That is a moment when one confronts the child within oneself. On such occasions, one might also renew their gaze towards children today.) Option 2 captures the essence of this self-discovery and the resulting shift in perspective.

Why other options are incorrect:
äģŠãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŽč€ƒãˆæ–šã‚’įŸĨることで、大äēēであるč‡Ēåˆ†ã‚’įœãŋることもあるから

While it might lead to self-reflection, the primary reason given is the confrontation with one's inner child and the resulting change in one's own perspective, which then influences how one views children today.

児įĢĨ文å­Ļã‚’ã‚ˆãį†č§Ŗã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€čŋ‘é ƒãĄã‹ã”ã‚ãŽå­ãŠã‚‚ãŽå•éĄŒį‚šã‚’į™ēčĻ‹ã§ãã‚‹ã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚ŒãĒいから

The purpose is not to find 'problems' with children, but to gain a renewed understanding and empathy for them by connecting with one's own past self.

子おも時äģŖãŽæœŦを再čĒ­ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ã“ã‚Œãžã§ãŽč‡Ē分ぎことがよく分かるかもしれãĒいから

While one might understand their past self better, the passage emphasizes the impact on one's *current* views and understanding of *children today*, stemming from the realization of the inner child.

å•éĄŒīŧ™ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊž(3)ぎ文įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã€åžŒãŽå•ã„ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ最もよいもぎを、īŧ‘、īŧ’、īŧ“、īŧ”ã‹ã‚‰ä¸€ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Reading Passage

(3)
ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŒä¸–į•Œä¸­ãĢã˛ã‚ãŒãŖãŸãŽã¯ã€æ–‡åŒ–ã‚„äēē間ぎ集合įŠļ態ãĢ変化がčĩˇã“ãŖãĻいたからである。åŽļ族はこれぞでãģお厉厚したもぎではãĒくãĒãŖãŸã—ã€į§įš„ãĒį”Ÿæ´ģã€åŠ´åƒã‚„éŠãŗãŽãƒ‘ã‚ŋãƒŧãƒŗã‚‚å€‹äēēįš„ã‹ã¤å¤šæ§˜ãĢãĒãŖãĻいたぎである。äēē間ぎæŽĨč§ĻãŒį…Šã‚ã—ã„ã‚‚ãŽãĢ感じる傞向もåĸ—å¤§ã—ãŸã€‚éŖŸäē‹ãŒã‚‚つæĨŊしãŋは感čĻšã¨į¤žäē¤ãŽč‡ŗä¸ŠãŽåŋĢæĨŊではãĒくãĒãŖãŸã€‚ãã‚Œã¯äģ–ãŽčĄŒį‚ēぎあいぞãĢæŒŋå…ĨされるもぎとãĒã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤šã‹ãŖãŸã—ã€ãã‚Œã¨åšŗčĄŒã—ãĻäēēé–“ã¯éŖŸäē‹ã‚’į°ĄäžŋãĢæ¸ˆãžã›ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’æœ›ã‚“ã ã“ã¨ã‚‚č€ƒæ…Žã™ãšãã§ã‚ã‚ã†ã€‚

ã‚‚ãĄã‚ã‚“éƒŊå¸‚ãŽéŖŸæ–‡åŒ–ãĢã¨ãŖãĻãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドが占めるäŊįŊŽã¯ã€ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ“ãƒ‹ãŒč˛ˇã„į‰ŠčĄŒå‹•ãĢたいしãĻ占めるäŊįŊŽã¨åŒæ§˜ã€å…¨éĸįš„ã§ã¯ãĒã„ã€‚ã—ã‹ã—å¤šį¨Žå¤šæ§˜ãĒãƒŦã‚šãƒˆãƒŠãƒŗãŒã„ãŸã‚‹ã¨ã“ã‚ãĢåĸį”Ÿã—ãĻくるãĒかãĢã€ã˛ã¨ã¤ãŽå‡čŗĒ化する力としãĻå‰˛ã‚Ščžŧãŋ、かつロãƒŧã‚ĢãƒĢãĒéƒŊå¸‚ã‚’ä¸–į•Œįš„ãĒčĻæ¨ĄãĢãžã§ã˛ã‚ãŒãŖãŸåŒä¸€ãŽįļ˛į›ŽãĢįĩ„ãŋčžŧã‚€ã“ã¨ã¯ã€į„ĄčĻ–ã§ããĒã„åŠ›ãŽå…†å€™įš„įžčąĄãĒぎである。
ãŠãã‚‰ãã“ã†ã—ãŸãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドぎįĩŒé¨“ã¯ã€æ„č­˜ã•ã‚ŒãĻいることがらäģĨ上ãĢ、ãģã¨ã‚“ãŠæ„č­˜ã•ã‚ŒãĒい感čĻšįš„ãĒåŊąéŸŋぎ斚が大きいだろう。かつãĻãŽéŖŸãŽå†…åŽšã‹ã‚‰ãŋã‚‹ã¨ã€č˛§å›°ã¨ã—ã‹ã„ã„ã‚ˆã†ãŽãĒã„ãƒĄãƒ‹ãƒĨãƒŧãĢæ…Ŗã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã€ã‚ãˆãĻį¤žäŧšįš„é–ĸäŋ‚ã‚’į ´åŖŠã—ã‚ˆã†ã¨ã—ãĒいでも、äēēãŗã¨ã¯ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŽåˆŠį”¨ãĢã‚ˆãŖãĻ、いつぎぞãĢかéƒŊ市ぎ遊民ãĢãĒãŖãĻいくこと、そしãĻã“ãŽéŖŸåŊĸåŧãŽå…ąæœ‰ãĢã‚ˆãŖãĻわれわれはåĨ‡åĻ™ãĒã‹ãŸãĄã§ã€ã‚ã‚Œã‚ã‚Œč‡ĒčēĢをいつぎぞãĢã‹ä¸–į•ŒåŒ–ã—ãĻいること、ãĒおである。
English Summary & Annotations
Fast food spread globally due to changes in culture and human collective states. Families became less stable, and private life, work, and leisure patterns became more individual and diverse. The tendency to find human contact bothersome increased. The pleasure of meals was no longer a supreme sensory and social delight; it often became something inserted between other activities, and people desired simpler meals. While fast food's place in urban food culture isn't total, like convenience stores in shopping, its intrusion as a homogenizing force amidst diverse restaurants and its integration of local cities into a global network is a significant 'symptomatic phenomenon' (å…†å€™įš„įžčąĄ: ãĄã‚‡ã†ã“ã†ãĻきげんしょう). The author believes the sensory impact of fast food, often unconscious, is greater than its conscious effects. This includes getting used to menus that are 'impoverished' compared to past meals, people unconsciously becoming 'urban wanderers' (遊民: ゆうãŋん: people without social connections) through fast food use without intentionally destroying social ties, and strangely globalizing themselves by sharing this food format.
Question 56

ᭆ者ãĢã‚ˆã‚‹ã¨ã€ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŒã˛ã‚ãžãŖãŸį†į”ąã¯äŊ•か

1.äēēãŗã¨ãŒäēē間é–ĸäŋ‚ã‚„éŖŸãšã‚‹ã“ã¨ãĢį„Ąé–ĸåŋƒãĢãĒãŖãŸã“ã¨
2.æ–°ã—ã„éŖŸãŽã‚šã‚ŋイãƒĢがäēēãŗã¨ãŽåĨŊãŋãĢåˆãŖãŸã“ã¨
3.äēēとぎつãĒãŒã‚Šã‚„į”Ÿæ´ģ゚ã‚ŋイãƒĢが変化したこと Correct
4.骟ãĢたいするäēēãŗã¨ãŽå—œåĨŊこうがäŧŧãĻきたこと
Correct Answer: 3. äēēとぎつãĒãŒã‚Šã‚„į”Ÿæ´ģ゚ã‚ŋイãƒĢが変化したこと
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŒä¸–į•Œä¸­ãĢã˛ã‚ãŒãŖãŸãŽã¯ã€æ–‡åŒ–ã‚„äēē間ぎ集合įŠļ態ãĢ変化がčĩˇã“ãŖãĻいたからである。åŽļ族はこれぞでãģお厉厚したもぎではãĒくãĒãŖãŸã—ã€į§įš„ãĒį”Ÿæ´ģã€åŠ´åƒã‚„éŠãŗãŽãƒ‘ã‚ŋãƒŧãƒŗã‚‚å€‹äēēįš„ã‹ã¤å¤šæ§˜ãĢãĒãŖãĻいたぎである。äēē間ぎæŽĨč§ĻãŒį…Šã‚ã—ã„ã‚‚ãŽãĢ感じる傞向もåĸ—大した。" (Fast food spread globally because changes were occurring in culture and human collective states. Families became less stable, and private life, work, and leisure patterns became more individual and diverse. The tendency to find human contact bothersome also increased.) Option 3, "äēēとぎつãĒãŒã‚Šã‚„į”Ÿæ´ģ゚ã‚ŋイãƒĢが変化したこと" (Changes in human connections and lifestyles), summarizes these reasons well.

Why other options are incorrect:
äēēãŗã¨ãŒäēē間é–ĸäŋ‚ã‚„éŖŸãšã‚‹ã“ã¨ãĢį„Ąé–ĸåŋƒãĢãĒãŖãŸã“ã¨

While 'äēē間ぎæŽĨč§ĻãŒį…Šã‚ã—ã„ã‚‚ãŽãĢ感じる傞向もåĸ—大した' (tendency to find human contact bothersome increased) is mentioned, 'į„Ąé–ĸåŋƒãĢãĒãŖãŸ' (became indifferent) is too strong and not the full picture of the societal changes described.

æ–°ã—ã„éŖŸãŽã‚šã‚ŋイãƒĢがäēēãŗã¨ãŽåĨŊãŋãĢåˆãŖãŸã“ã¨

The passage describes *why* the style fit (due to deeper societal changes), not just that it happened to align with people's preferences without underlying reasons.

骟ãĢたいするäēēãŗã¨ãŽå—œåĨŊこうがäŧŧãĻきたこと

The passage doesn't explicitly state that people's food preferences became similar; rather, it implies a shift towards convenience and less social eating due to changing lifestyles.

Question 57

<u>å…†å€™įš„įžčąĄ</u>とあるが、それはおぎようãĒįžčąĄã‹ã€‚

1.個々ぎéƒŊå¸‚ãŽéŖŸæ–‡åŒ–ãŽãĒかãĢã€ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドがå…Ĩりčžŧんでいる。 Correct
2.ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドぎåē—čˆ—æ•°ãŒã€ãƒŦã‚šãƒˆãƒŠãƒŗãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢåĸ—えãĻいる。
3.ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドが、éƒŊ市ごとぎ多様ãĒ骟åŊĸåŧã‚’åŖŠãã†ã¨ã—ãĻいる。
4.ロãƒŧã‚ĢãƒĢãĒéƒŊ市ぎãƒŦã‚šãƒˆãƒŠãƒŗãĢãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŽį°Ąäžŋさを取りå…ĨれãĻいる。
Correct Answer: 1. 個々ぎéƒŊå¸‚ãŽéŖŸæ–‡åŒ–ãŽãĒかãĢã€ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドがå…Ĩりčžŧんでいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage describes 'å…†å€™įš„įžčąĄ' as fast food "ã˛ã¨ã¤ãŽå‡čŗĒ化する力としãĻå‰˛ã‚Ščžŧãŋ、かつロãƒŧã‚ĢãƒĢãĒéƒŊå¸‚ã‚’ä¸–į•Œįš„ãĒčĻæ¨ĄãĢãžã§ã˛ã‚ãŒãŖãŸåŒä¸€ãŽįļ˛į›ŽãĢįĩ„ãŋčžŧむこと" (intruding as a homogenizing force and integrating local cities into a global network). Option 1, "個々ぎéƒŊå¸‚ãŽéŖŸæ–‡åŒ–ãŽãĒかãĢã€ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドがå…Ĩりčžŧんでいる。" (Fast food is intruding into the food culture of individual cities), captures the essence of this intrusion and homogenization.

Why other options are incorrect:
ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドぎåē—čˆ—æ•°ãŒã€ãƒŦã‚šãƒˆãƒŠãƒŗãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢåĸ—えãĻいる。

While the number of stores might increase, the passage emphasizes its role as a homogenizing force and its integration into a global network, not just its quantity.

ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧドが、éƒŊ市ごとぎ多様ãĒ骟åŊĸåŧã‚’åŖŠãã†ã¨ã—ãĻいる。

The passage uses 'å‰˛ã‚Ščžŧãŋ' (intruding) and 'įĩ„ãŋčžŧむ' (integrating), implying a subtle homogenization rather than an active attempt to 'åŖŠãã†ã¨ã—ãĻいる' (try to destroy) diverse food forms.

ロãƒŧã‚ĢãƒĢãĒéƒŊ市ぎãƒŦã‚šãƒˆãƒŠãƒŗãĢãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŽį°Ąäžŋさを取りå…ĨれãĻいる。

The passage doesn't state that local restaurants are adopting fast food's simplicity; rather, it describes fast food itself as intruding and homogenizing the food landscape.

Question 58

ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŽã˛ã‚ãŒã‚ŠãŒäēēãŗã¨ãĢ与えるåŊąéŸŋã‚’ã€į­†č€…ã¯ãŠãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢč€ƒãˆãĻいるか

1.骟äē‹ã‚„äēē間é–ĸäŋ‚ã¸ãŽčˆˆå‘ŗã‚’å¤ąã„ã€äēēãŗã¨ã¯į°ĄäžŋãĒį”Ÿæ´ģ゚ã‚ŋイãƒĢã‚’æą‚ã‚ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒる。
2.äēē間同åŖĢぎé–ĸäŋ‚ã‚’åŧąã‚ã‚‹ã“とãĢãĒり、äģ•äē‹ã‚„éŠãŗãĢį†ąä¸­ã™ã‚‹äēē間がåĸ—える傞向がåŧˇãžã‚‹ã€‚
3.įŸĨらãĒã„ã†ãĄãĢäēēとぎįĩ†ããšãĒã‚„éŖŸã¸ãŽé–ĸåŋƒã‚’č–„ã‚ã€ä¸–į•ŒåŒä¸€ãŽéŖŸåŊĸåŧãĢæ…Ŗã‚Œåˆ‡ãŖãŸäēē間をåĸ—やす。 Correct
4.åŒã˜ãƒĄãƒ‹ãƒĨãƒŧãĢæ…Ŗã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€äēēãŗã¨ã¯ã„ã¤ãŽãžãĢã‹å¤šį¨Žå¤šæ§˜ãĒéŖŸæ–‡åŒ–ãĢčˆˆå‘ŗã‚’æŒãŸãĒくãĒる。
Correct Answer: 3. įŸĨらãĒã„ã†ãĄãĢäēēとぎįĩ†ããšãĒã‚„éŖŸã¸ãŽé–ĸåŋƒã‚’č–„ã‚ã€ä¸–į•ŒåŒä¸€ãŽéŖŸåŊĸåŧãĢæ…Ŗã‚Œåˆ‡ãŖãŸäēē間をåĸ—やす。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "ãģã¨ã‚“ãŠæ„č­˜ã•ã‚ŒãĒい感čĻšįš„ãĒåŊąéŸŋぎ斚が大きいだろう。かつãĻãŽéŖŸãŽå†…åŽšã‹ã‚‰ãŋã‚‹ã¨ã€č˛§å›°ã¨ã—ã‹ã„ã„ã‚ˆã†ãŽãĒã„ãƒĄãƒ‹ãƒĨãƒŧãĢæ…Ŗã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã€ã‚ãˆãĻį¤žäŧšįš„é–ĸäŋ‚ã‚’į ´åŖŠã—ã‚ˆã†ã¨ã—ãĒいでも、äēēãŗã¨ã¯ãƒ•ã‚Ąãƒŧ゚トâ€ĸフãƒŧãƒ‰ãŽåˆŠį”¨ãĢã‚ˆãŖãĻ、いつぎぞãĢかéƒŊ市ぎ遊民ãĢãĒãŖãĻいくこと、そしãĻã“ãŽéŖŸåŊĸåŧãŽå…ąæœ‰ãĢã‚ˆãŖãĻわれわれはåĨ‡åĻ™ãĒã‹ãŸãĄã§ã€ã‚ã‚Œã‚ã‚Œč‡ĒčēĢをいつぎぞãĢã‹ä¸–į•ŒåŒ–ã—ãĻいること、ãĒおである。" (The sensory impact, mostly unconscious, is probably greater. This includes getting used to menus that can only be described as impoverished compared to past meals, people unconsciously becoming urban wanderers (people without social connections) through fast food use without intentionally destroying social ties, and strangely globalizing themselves by sharing this food format.) Option 3 accurately summarizes these unconscious impacts.

Why other options are incorrect:
骟äē‹ã‚„äēē間é–ĸäŋ‚ã¸ãŽčˆˆå‘ŗã‚’å¤ąã„ã€äēēãŗã¨ã¯į°ĄäžŋãĒį”Ÿæ´ģ゚ã‚ŋイãƒĢã‚’æą‚ã‚ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒる。

While interest in food might lessen and social bonds weaken, 'čˆˆå‘ŗã‚’å¤ąã„' (losing interest) is too strong. The passage describes a more subtle, unconscious shift towards becoming '遊民' (socially disconnected) and accustomed to simplified food.

äēē間同åŖĢぎé–ĸäŋ‚ã‚’åŧąã‚ã‚‹ã“とãĢãĒり、äģ•äē‹ã‚„éŠãŗãĢį†ąä¸­ã™ã‚‹äēē間がåĸ—える傞向がåŧˇãžã‚‹ã€‚

The passage mentions weakening human relationships but does not suggest an increased tendency for people to become engrossed in work or play as a direct impact of fast food.

åŒã˜ãƒĄãƒ‹ãƒĨãƒŧãĢæ…Ŗã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€äēēãŗã¨ã¯ã„ã¤ãŽãžãĢã‹å¤šį¨Žå¤šæ§˜ãĒéŖŸæ–‡åŒ–ãĢčˆˆå‘ŗã‚’æŒãŸãĒくãĒる。

While getting used to the same menu is mentioned, the broader impact is on losing interest in *diverse* food cultures and becoming accustomed to a *globally uniform* one, not just losing interest in diverse food cultures in general.

å•éĄŒ10 æŦĄãŽæ–‡įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã€åžŒãŽå•ã„ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ最もよいもぎを、īŧ‘、īŧ’、īŧ“、īŧ”ã‹ã‚‰ä¸€ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Reading Passage

ãžãšã€æ•™č‚˛ã¨ã¯äŊ•ã‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã‹ã‚‰č€ƒãˆãĻãŋã‚ˆã†ã€‚ã•ã—ã‚ãŸãŖãĻãŧãã¯ã€æ•™č‚˛ã¨ã¯ã€å­ãŠã‚‚ã‚’ã€Œį¤žäŧšãŽæˆå“Ąīŧˆå¤§äēēīŧ‰ã¨ã—ãĻãĩã•ã‚ã—ã„å­˜åœ¨ã€ã¸ã¨č‚˛ãĻ上げãĻã„ãã“ã¨ã€ã¨åŽšįžŠã—ãĻãŋたい。
おんãĒ時äģŖã€ãŠã‚“ãĒį¤žäŧšãŽäēēãŗã¨ã§ã‚‚ã€å­ãŠã‚‚ã‚’å¤§äēēãĢ育ãĻ上げãĒくãĻはãĒらãĒã‹ãŖãŸã€‚ããŽã•ã„ãĢã¯ã€â‘ į¤žäŧšãŽæˆå“Ąã¨ã—ãĻ「ãĩさわしい」あり斚がäŊ•ã‹ã—ã‚‰æƒŗåŽšã•ã‚ŒãĻいãĻã€ãã‚ŒãŒæ•™č‚˛ãŽå–ļãŋを導いãĻいたはずだ。

そぎ「ãĩさわしさ」は、大きくäēŒã¤ãĢ分けられるだろう。一つは、働いãĻéŖŸãšãĻいけるためãĢåŋ…čρãĒčƒŊåŠ›ã€ã¤ãžã‚Ščž˛æ°‘ãĒã‚‰čž˛æ°‘ã¨ã—ãĻぎ、æŧæ°‘ãĒらばæŧæ°‘としãĻぎ、技čƒŊやįŸĨč­˜ã€‚ã‚‚ã†ä¸€ã¤ã¯ã€äģ–ぎäēēãŗã¨ãŽã‚ã„ã ã§ãĩさわしいãĩるぞいができること――åŸēæœŦįš„ãĒãƒĢãƒŧãƒĢを厈り、äģ–ぎäēēãŗã¨ã¨å”åŠ›ã™ã‚‹æ…‹å‹ĸをとれること、č‡Ē分ãĢ与えられたåŊšå‰˛ã‚’果たし、そぎč˛Ŧäģģã‚’ã¨ã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨į­‰ã€…ã€ã¤ãžã‚Šã€äģ–č€…ã¨ãŽé–ĸäŋ‚čƒŊ力である。

ã§ã¯ã€įžäģŖį¤žäŧšãĢおいãĻは、おういうことが「大äēēとしãĻãĩさわしい」ぎだろうかīŧŸæ•™č‚˛į†åŋĩã‚’æ§‹į¯‰ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã¯ã€ã“ãŽã“ã¨ã‚’ã‚ã‚‰ãŸã‚ãĻč€ƒãˆã€ã‹ã¤å…ąæœ‰ã—ã‚ˆã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãĢäģ–ãĒらãĒã„ã€‚ã ãŒã€ã“ãŽã€Œå…ąæœ‰ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã¯ãĒかãĒかむずかしい。そこãĢã¯ã€į¤žäŧšãŽã‚り斚とäēēé–“ãŽį”Ÿãæ–šã‚’ãŠãŽã‚ˆã†ãĒもぎとしãĻæ€ã„æãã‹ã€ã¤ãžã‚Šã¯ã€į•°ãĒãŖãŸį¤žäŧščĻŗâ€ĸäēē間čĻŗãŒã•ãžã–ãžãĢå…Ĩりčžŧãŋã€čĄįĒã—ãĻくるからだ。

たとえば、ãŧくが最初ãĢã‚ã’ãŸã€Œæ•™č‚˛ã¨ã¯ã€å­ãŠã‚‚ã‚’į¤žäŧšãŽæˆå“Ąã¨ã—ãĻãĩさわしい存在ãĢã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã ã€ã¨ã„ã†åŽšįžŠãĢ寞しãĻã‚‚ã€â‘Ąåį™ēをčĻšãˆã‚‹äēēãŒã„ã‚‹ã ã‚ã†ã€‚ã€Œãã‚Œã¯ã€į¤žäŧšįš„æœŸåž…ãĢ子䞛をæˇģわせようとするよくãĒいį™ēæƒŗã ã€‚æ•™č‚˛ã¨ã¯ã‚€ã—ã‚ã€å­äž›ãŽä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒåˆ¤æ–­åŠ›ã‚’č‚˛ãĻるもぎだ」というわけである。
こぎ意čĻ‹ã¯ã—ã‹ã—ã€ã€Œį¤žäŧšãŽį§ŠåēãĢただ垓うだけでãĒく、ä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒ判断ぎもとãĢãŋずからぎäēēį”Ÿã‚’ã¤ãã‚Šã‚ã’ã€į¤žäŧšãŽã‚ã‚Šæ–šã‚’ã‚‚æ‰šåˆ¤įš„ãĢæ¤œč¨Žã™ã‚‹äēēé–“ã“ããŒį¤žäŧšãŽæˆå“Ąã¨ã—ãĻãĩさわしい」というčŋ‘äģŖįš„ãĒäēē間čĻŗãĢもとãĨいãĻã„ã‚‹ã€‚ã“ã‚Œã‚‚ãžãŸã€į¤žäŧšãŽå´ãŒå­ãŠã‚‚ãŸãĄãĢå¯„ã›ã‚‹ã€ŒæœŸåž…ã€ãŽä¸€į¨Žã ã¨č¨€ã‚ã–ã‚‹ã‚’ãˆãĒい。そしãĻ子䞛を攞įŊŽã™ã‚Œã°ä¸ģäŊ“įš„â€ĸæ‰šåˆ¤įš„ãĒäēē間ãĢãĒるはずもãĒいから、そぎようãĢã€Œč‚˛ãĻ上げ」ようとしãĒくãĻはãĒらãĒい。

いずれãĢã›ã‚ˆã€æ•™č‚˛ã¨ã„ã†ã‚‚ãŽã¯ã€į¤žäŧšīŧˆå¤§äēēīŧ‰ãŽå´ãŒå­äž›ãĢå¯„ã›ã‚‹æœŸåž…ã€ã‚‚ãŖã¨åŧˇã„č¨€ã„æ–šã‚’ã™ã‚Œã°ã€ã‚ã‚‹į¨ŽãŽåŧˇåˆļからč‡Ēį”ąã§ã¯ãĒい、とãŧãã¯č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚é‡čρãĒã“ã¨ã¯ã€ã€Œã“ãŽį¤žäŧšãŽä¸€å“Ąã€ã¤ãžã‚Šå¤§äēēとしãĻį”ŸããĻいくうえでäŊ•がåŋ…čρãĒæĄäģļãĒãŽã‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã‚’ããĄã‚“ã¨čĻ‹åŽšã‚å…ąæœ‰ã—ãŸã†ãˆã§ãŽåŧˇåˆļã§ã‚ã‚‹ã‹ãŠã†ã‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†į‚šãĒぎだ。
English Summary & Annotations
The author defines education as raising children to be 'suitable members of society (adults)'. In any era, society has always had an assumed 'suitable way of being' (ãĩさわしいあり斚: ãĩさわしいありかた) for its members, which guided education. This 'suitability' has two main aspects: first, the necessary skills and knowledge to work and earn a living (e.g., as a farmer or fisherman); second, the ability to behave appropriately among others, including following basic rules, cooperating, fulfilling roles, and taking responsibility – essentially, interpersonal relationship skills. In modern society, defining what is 'suitable as an adult' and sharing this understanding (å…ąæœ‰: きょうゆう: sharing/common understanding) is difficult because various conflicting views on society and human life (į¤žäŧščĻŗâ€ĸäēē間čĻŗ: しゃかいかんãƒģãĢんげんかん: views on society and humanity) interfere. For example, some people might 'feel resistance' (反į™ēをčĻšãˆã‚‹: ã¯ã‚“ãąã¤ã‚’ãŠãŧえる) to the author's definition, arguing that education should foster children's independent judgment rather than conforming to social expectations. However, the author counters that even this view is based on a modern human perspective that sees individuals who critically examine society and build their own lives as 'suitable members', which is still a form of 'expectation' from society. Ultimately, the author believes education is not free from the expectations, or even a kind of 'coercion' (åŧˇåˆļ: きょうせい: compulsion/coercion), from society (adults). The crucial point is whether this coercion is based on a clear, shared understanding of what conditions are necessary to live as a member of society, i.e., as an adult.
Question 59

①<u>į¤žäŧšãŽæˆå“Ąã¨ã—ãĻ「ãĩさわしい」あり斚</u>とはおぎようãĒもぎか。

1.å­äž›ã‚’é¤Šã„ã€į¤žäŧšãĢおいãĻč˛Ŧäģģあるãĩるぞいができること
2.č‡ĒįĢ‹ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ãĢåŋ…čρãĒčƒŊ力をčēĢãĢつけ、č‡Ēį”ąãĢį”ŸããĻいけること
3.いつぎ時äģŖãĢã‚‚é€šį”¨ã™ã‚‹æŠ€čƒŊやįŸĨč­˜ã‚’å‚™ãˆã€äģ–者ãĢ尊æ•Ŧされること
4.技čƒŊやįŸĨč­˜ã‚’čēĢãĢつけ、äģ–č€…ã¨ãŽã‚ã„ã ã§ã†ãžãį”ŸããĻいけること Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 技čƒŊやįŸĨč­˜ã‚’čēĢãĢつけ、äģ–č€…ã¨ãŽã‚ã„ã ã§ã†ãžãį”ŸããĻいけること
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains 'ãĩさわしさ' (suitability) as having "働いãĻéŖŸãšãĻいけるためãĢåŋ…čρãĒčƒŊåŠ›ã€ã¤ãžã‚Ščž˛æ°‘ãĒã‚‰čž˛æ°‘ã¨ã—ãĻぎ、æŧæ°‘ãĒらばæŧæ°‘としãĻぎ、技čƒŊやįŸĨ識" (necessary abilities to work and eat, i.e., skills and knowledge as a farmer or fisherman) and "äģ–ぎäēēãŗã¨ãŽã‚ã„ã ã§ãĩさわしいãĩるぞいができること――åŸēæœŦįš„ãĒãƒĢãƒŧãƒĢを厈り、äģ–ぎäēēãŗã¨ã¨å”åŠ›ã™ã‚‹æ…‹å‹ĸをとれること、č‡Ē分ãĢ与えられたåŊšå‰˛ã‚’果たし、そぎč˛Ŧäģģã‚’ã¨ã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨į­‰ã€…ã€ã¤ãžã‚Šã€äģ–č€…ã¨ãŽé–ĸäŋ‚čƒŊ力である。" (the ability to behave appropriately among others... in short, interpersonal relationship skills). Option 4, "技čƒŊやįŸĨč­˜ã‚’čēĢãĢつけ、äģ–č€…ã¨ãŽã‚ã„ã ã§ã†ãžãį”ŸããĻいけること" (Acquiring skills and knowledge, and being able to live well with others), combines these two aspects.

Why other options are incorrect:
å­äž›ã‚’é¤Šã„ã€į¤žäŧšãĢおいãĻč˛Ŧäģģあるãĩるぞいができること

While responsible behavior is mentioned, '子䞛を養い' (raising children) is not stated as a general requirement for being a 'suitable member of society'.

č‡ĒįĢ‹ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ãĢåŋ…čρãĒčƒŊ力をčēĢãĢつけ、č‡Ēį”ąãĢį”ŸããĻいけること

The focus is on being a 'suitable member' of society, which implies fitting into a collective, rather than simply 'living freely'.

いつぎ時äģŖãĢã‚‚é€šį”¨ã™ã‚‹æŠ€čƒŊやįŸĨč­˜ã‚’å‚™ãˆã€äģ–者ãĢ尊æ•Ŧされること

The passage mentions skills and knowledge relevant to one's role (e.g., farmer, fisherman) and the ability to interact well with others, but 'äģ–者ãĢ尊æ•Ŧされること' (being respected by others) is not explicitly stated as a component of 'suitability'.

Question 60

æ•™č‚˛į†åŋĩã‚’ã€Œå…ąæœ‰ã€ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã‚€ãšã‹ã—ã„ãŽã¯ãĒぜか。

1.į¤žäŧšã‚„äēē間ãĢついãĻč‰˛ã€…ãĒč€ƒãˆæ–šãŒã‚ã‚Šãļつかり合うから Correct
2.æ•™č‚˛č€…ã¨ä¸€čˆŦį¤žäŧšãŽäēēãŗã¨ãŒæ€ã„æãå¤§äēēらしさは違うから
3.子おもぎä¸ģäŊ“性ãĢついãĻä¸€č‡´ã—ãŸčĻ‹č§ŖãŒåž—ã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいから
4.į¤žäŧšãŽã‚り斚やäēēãŗã¨ãŽäžĄå€¤čĻŗãŒå¤‰åŒ–ã—ãĻきãĻいるから
Correct Answer: 1. į¤žäŧšã‚„äēē間ãĢついãĻč‰˛ã€…ãĒč€ƒãˆæ–šãŒã‚ã‚Šãļつかり合うから
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "ã“ãŽã€Œå…ąæœ‰ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã¯ãĒかãĒかむずかしい。そこãĢã¯ã€į¤žäŧšãŽã‚り斚とäēēé–“ãŽį”Ÿãæ–šã‚’ãŠãŽã‚ˆã†ãĒもぎとしãĻæ€ã„æãã‹ã€ã¤ãžã‚Šã¯ã€į•°ãĒãŖãŸį¤žäŧščĻŗâ€ĸäēē間čĻŗãŒã•ãžã–ãžãĢå…Ĩりčžŧãŋã€čĄįĒã—ãĻくるからだ。" (This 'sharing' is quite difficult. This is because various different views on society and human life, i.e., different social and human perspectives, enter and clash.) Option 1 directly reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
æ•™č‚˛č€…ã¨ä¸€čˆŦį¤žäŧšãŽäēēãŗã¨ãŒæ€ã„æãå¤§äēēらしさは違うから

While differences might exist, the passage attributes the difficulty to broader 'į¤žäŧščĻŗâ€ĸäēē間čĻŗ' (views on society and humanity) clashing, not specifically between educators and the general public.

子おもぎä¸ģäŊ“性ãĢついãĻä¸€č‡´ã—ãŸčĻ‹č§ŖãŒåž—ã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいから

Children's subjectivity is presented as one *example* of a clashing view, not the sole or overarching reason for the difficulty in sharing the educational philosophy.

į¤žäŧšãŽã‚り斚やäēēãŗã¨ãŽäžĄå€¤čĻŗãŒå¤‰åŒ–ã—ãĻきãĻいるから

While societal changes might contribute to the diversity of views, the passage explicitly states the difficulty comes from *clashing views* on society and humanity, rather than just the fact of change itself.

Question 61

②<u>反į™ēをčĻšãˆã‚‹äēē</u>ぎ意čĻ‹ãĢついãĻã€į­†č€…ã¯ãŠãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢč€ƒãˆãĻいるか

1.大äēēãŽæœŸåž…ã‚’åŽŸįžã—ã‚ˆã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†į‚šã§ã¯į­†č€…ãŽč€ƒãˆã¨åŒã˜ã ã€‚ Correct
2.大äēēぎ期垅をæŠŧしäģ˜ã‘ã‚ˆã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯æ•™č‚˛į†åŋĩãĢそぐわãĒいもぎだ。
3.子おもぎä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒ判断力がãŋãšã‹ã‚‰č‚˛ã¤ã¨č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯æ€ã„čžŧãŋでしかãĒい。
4.子おもぎä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒåˆ¤æ–­åŠ›ã‚’č‚˛ãĻã‚ˆã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹į‚šã§ã¯į­†č€…ãŽč€ƒãˆã¨å¤‰ã‚ã‚‰ãĒい。
Correct Answer: 1. 大äēēãŽæœŸåž…ã‚’åŽŸįžã—ã‚ˆã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†į‚šã§ã¯į­†č€…ãŽč€ƒãˆã¨åŒã˜ã ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author states that the opinion of those who 'feel resistance' (反į™ēをčĻšãˆã‚‹äēē) – that education should foster children's independent judgment – is "į¤žäŧšãŽå´ãŒå­ãŠã‚‚ãŸãĄãĢå¯„ã›ã‚‹ã€ŒæœŸåž…ã€ãŽä¸€į¨Žã ã¨č¨€ã‚ã–ã‚‹ã‚’ãˆãĒい。" (It cannot be denied that this is also a kind of 'expectation' that society has for children). This means that despite their differing approach, they are still trying to realize an adult expectation. Option 1 accurately reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
大äēēぎ期垅をæŠŧしäģ˜ã‘ã‚ˆã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯æ•™č‚˛į†åŋĩãĢそぐわãĒいもぎだ。

The author argues that *all* education involves some form of societal expectation or 'coercion', so this option contradicts the author's overall stance that education is not free from such expectations.

子おもぎä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒ判断力がãŋãšã‹ã‚‰č‚˛ã¤ã¨č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯æ€ã„čžŧãŋでしかãĒい。

The author does say that children won't become independent if left alone, implying it doesn't grow naturally, but the core point of comparison is that fostering judgment is still a societal 'expectation', making it similar to the author's view in that fundamental aspect.

子おもぎä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒåˆ¤æ–­åŠ›ã‚’č‚˛ãĻã‚ˆã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹į‚šã§ã¯į­†č€…ãŽč€ƒãˆã¨å¤‰ã‚ã‚‰ãĒい。

While both might aim to foster judgment, the author's point is that the *nature* of this fostering is still an 'expectation' from society, making it similar in that fundamental aspect, not just the shared goal.

Question 62

æ•™č‚˛ãĢついãĻã€į­†č€…ãŽč€ƒãˆã‚’čĄ¨ã—ãĻいるぎはおれか

1.æ•™č‚˛ã¯į¤žäŧšãŽį§ŠåēãĢį¸›ã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒ判断力を養うもぎだ。
2.æ•™č‚˛ã¯į¤žäŧšãŽã‚ã‚Šæ–šã‚’æ‰šåˆ¤įš„ãĢæ¤œč¨Žã§ãã‚‹čƒŊåŠ›ã‚’č‚˛ãĻるもぎだ。
3.æ•™č‚˛ã¯åŧˇåˆļから逃れられず、そぎåŧˇåˆļã¯æ•™č‚˛į†åŋĩãŽå…ąæœ‰ãŒå‰æã¨ãĒる。 Correct
4.æ•™č‚˛ã¯åŧˇåˆļからč‡Ēį”ąã§ã¯ãĒãã€į¤žäŧšãŽæœ‰åŠ›ãĒæ•™č‚˛čĻŗã‚’å—ã‘å…ĨれざるをえãĒい。
Correct Answer: 3. æ•™č‚˛ã¯åŧˇåˆļから逃れられず、そぎåŧˇåˆļã¯æ•™č‚˛į†åŋĩãŽå…ąæœ‰ãŒå‰æã¨ãĒる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author concludes, "いずれãĢã›ã‚ˆã€æ•™č‚˛ã¨ã„ã†ã‚‚ãŽã¯ã€į¤žäŧšīŧˆå¤§äēēīŧ‰ãŽå´ãŒå­äž›ãĢå¯„ã›ã‚‹æœŸåž…ã€ã‚‚ãŖã¨åŧˇã„č¨€ã„æ–šã‚’ã™ã‚Œã°ã€ã‚ã‚‹į¨ŽãŽåŧˇåˆļからč‡Ēį”ąã§ã¯ãĒい、とãŧãã¯č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã€‚é‡čρãĒã“ã¨ã¯ã€ã€Œã“ãŽį¤žäŧšãŽä¸€å“Ąã€ã¤ãžã‚Šå¤§äēēとしãĻį”ŸããĻいくうえでäŊ•がåŋ…čρãĒæĄäģļãĒãŽã‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã‚’ããĄã‚“ã¨čĻ‹åŽšã‚å…ąæœ‰ã—ãŸã†ãˆã§ãŽåŧˇåˆļã§ã‚ã‚‹ã‹ãŠã†ã‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†į‚šãĒぎだ。" (In any case, I believe that education is not free from the expectations that society (adults) places on children, or to put it more strongly, a kind of coercion. The important point is whether this coercion is based on a clear and shared understanding of what conditions are necessary to live as a member of this society, that is, as an adult.) Option 3 directly summarizes this final point.

Why other options are incorrect:
æ•™č‚˛ã¯į¤žäŧšãŽį§ŠåēãĢį¸›ã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいä¸ģäŊ“įš„ãĒ判断力を養うもぎだ。

This describes the view of those who 'feel resistance' to the author's initial definition, not the author's final conclusion about the inherent nature of education.

æ•™č‚˛ã¯į¤žäŧšãŽã‚ã‚Šæ–šã‚’æ‰šåˆ¤įš„ãĢæ¤œč¨Žã§ãã‚‹čƒŊåŠ›ã‚’č‚˛ãĻるもぎだ。

Similar to option 1, this reflects a specific educational philosophy that the author discusses but does not represent the author's overarching conclusion about education's fundamental nature.

æ•™č‚˛ã¯åŧˇåˆļからč‡Ēį”ąã§ã¯ãĒãã€į¤žäŧšãŽæœ‰åŠ›ãĒæ•™č‚˛čĻŗã‚’å—ã‘å…ĨれざるをえãĒい。

The author emphasizes the *importance of shared understanding* for the coercion to be meaningful, not simply accepting 'influential educational views' without critical assessment.

å•éĄŒ11 īŧĄã¨īŧĸãŽä¸Ąæ–šã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã€åžŒãŽå•ã„ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ、最もよいもぎをīŧ‘、īŧ’、īŧ“、īŧ”ã‹ã‚‰ã˛ã¨ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Question 63

é›ģå­čžžæ›¸ãŽé•ˇæ‰€ãĢついãĻ、A とB ãŒå…ąé€šã—ãĻčŋ°ãšãĻいることはäŊ•か。

1.čģŊくãĻį°Ąå˜ãĢæŒãĄé‹ãļことができる。
2.大量ぎデãƒŧã‚ŋを小さくぞとめãĻåŽį´ã§ãã‚‹ã€‚
3.ã‚¤ãƒŗã‚ŋãƒŧネットをäģ‹ã—ãĻ多くぎäēēãŒåˆŠį”¨ã§ãã‚‹ã€‚
4.įŸĨりたいことばを速くæŽĸしå‡ēすことができる Correct
Correct Answer: 4. įŸĨりたいことばを速くæŽĸしå‡ēすことができる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

A primary and widely recognized advantage of electronic dictionaries is their ability to quickly search and retrieve information. It is highly probable that both passages A and B would highlight this efficiency as a common benefit.

Why other options are incorrect:
čģŊくãĻį°Ąå˜ãĢæŒãĄé‹ãļことができる。

While electronic dictionaries are portable, this might not be the *most emphasized* common advantage compared to the speed of lookup, and physical dictionaries can also be portable to some extent.

大量ぎデãƒŧã‚ŋを小さくぞとめãĻåŽį´ã§ãã‚‹ã€‚

This describes a technical feature of electronic dictionaries (data storage capacity) rather than a direct benefit experienced by the user in terms of usability, which is what the question implies.

ã‚¤ãƒŗã‚ŋãƒŧネットをäģ‹ã—ãĻ多くぎäēēãŒåˆŠį”¨ã§ãã‚‹ã€‚

Not all electronic dictionaries require internet access, and this might not be a common point of discussion for all types of electronic dictionaries or in both hypothetical texts.

Question 64

å°åˆˇã•ã‚ŒãŸčžžæ›¸ãĢついãĻ、A とB はおぎようãĢčŋ°ãšãĻいるか。

1.Aã¯į´™ãŽæœŦãĒらではぎよさがあるとčŋ°ãšã€Bはé›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã¨ã¯é•ã†äŊŋい斚でå­Ļį”Ÿã‚‚äŊŋį”¨ã—ãĻいるとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。 Correct
2.Aはデジã‚ŋãƒĢ化がéŋけられãĒいとčŋ°ãšã€Bはå­Ļį”Ÿã¯é›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã‚ˆã‚Šã‚‚é­…åŠ›ã‚’æ„Ÿã˜ãĻいるとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。
3.Aã¯čžžæ›¸ã¨ã—ãĻぎäŊŋわれ斚はされãĒくãĒるとčŋ°ãšã€Bはé›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã¨å…ąå­˜ã—ãĻいくとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。
4.AはæœŦぎようãĢæĨŊしんでčĒ­ã‚ã‚‹ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bはé›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã¨äŊŋい分けるずきだとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。
Correct Answer: 1. Aã¯į´™ãŽæœŦãĒらではぎよさがあるとčŋ°ãšã€Bはé›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã¨ã¯é•ã†äŊŋい斚でå­Ļį”Ÿã‚‚äŊŋį”¨ã—ãĻいるとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

In discussions comparing physical and electronic dictionaries, Text A would likely emphasize the unique benefits of physical books, such as the tactile experience, browsing, or serendipitous discovery. Text B would then likely describe how students continue to use printed dictionaries for specific purposes (e.g., deeper study, note-taking, or understanding context) that differ from the quick lookup function of electronic dictionaries.

Why other options are incorrect:
Aはデジã‚ŋãƒĢ化がéŋけられãĒいとčŋ°ãšã€Bはå­Ļį”Ÿã¯é›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã‚ˆã‚Šã‚‚é­…åŠ›ã‚’æ„Ÿã˜ãĻいるとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。

It's unlikely that Text A would state digitalization is unavoidable while Text B suggests students find physical dictionaries *more* appealing than electronic ones, as this creates a contradiction in the overall argument.

Aã¯čžžæ›¸ã¨ã—ãĻぎäŊŋわれ斚はされãĒくãĒるとčŋ°ãšã€Bはé›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã¨å…ąå­˜ã—ãĻいくとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。

It's improbable that Text A would claim physical dictionaries will cease to be used as dictionaries, as the common argument is usually for their continued relevance alongside electronic versions, not their obsolescence.

AはæœŦぎようãĢæĨŊしんでčĒ­ã‚ã‚‹ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bはé›ģå­čžžæ›¸ã¨äŊŋい分けるずきだとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。

While physical dictionaries can be enjoyed, the core argument for their value usually revolves around the unique learning process they offer (e.g., encountering related words while browsing), rather than simply being 'enjoyable to read like a book'.

å•éĄŒ12 æŦĄãŽæ–‡įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã€åžŒãŽå•ã„ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ最もよいもぎを、īŧ‘、īŧ’、īŧ“、īŧ”ã‹ã‚‰ä¸€ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Reading Passage

įš†ã•ã‚“ã¯ã€ä슿œčĩˇããĻからいぞぞでãĢ、おんãĒåēƒå‘Šã‚’čĻ‹ãŸã‹čĻšãˆãĻいぞすか。
「åēƒå‘Šã¯ãģとんおãĒã‹ãŖãŸã¨æ€ã†ã‘ãŠâ€Ļâ€Ļ」。いやいや、そんãĒã“ã¨ã¯ã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“ã€‚įžåœ¨ãŽæ™‚é–“ãŒã€æœäŧšį¤žãĢį€ã„ãŸã°ã‹ã‚Šã ãŖãŸã¨ã—ãĻã‚‚ã€įŸ­ã„æ™‚é–“ãŽã†ãĄãĢもぎすごい量ぎåēƒå‘ŠãĢč§ĻれãĻいるはずです。テãƒŦビCM ã§ã€æ–°čžã§ã€é›ģčģŠãŽä¸­ã§ã€čĄ—中でâ€Ļâ€Ļ。äŊ•十、äŊ•į™žã¨ã„ã†æ•°ãŒã€į›ŽãŽå‰ã‚’é€šã‚ŠéŽãŽãŸã“ã¨ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚
そぎãĒã‹ã§ã€ãąãŖã¨æ€ã„å‡ēã›ã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽã¯ã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã‹ã€‚ãã†č¨€ã‚ã‚ŒãĻãŋると、ãģã¨ã‚“ãŠã¨ã„ãŖãĻã„ã„ãã‚‰ã„ã€č¨˜æ†ļãĢæŽ‹ãŖãĻいãĒいぎではãĒいでしょうか。īŧˆä¸­į•Ĩīŧ‰
「åēƒå‘ŠãĒんãĻčĒ°ã‚‚čĻ‹ãĻいãĒい」
これは、僕がäŧšį¤žãĢå…ĨãŖãĻ間もãĒい頃ãĢ原感したことです。äŧšč­°ã§é›Ŗã—ã„į”¨čĒžãŒéŖ›ãŗäē¤ã„、商品ぎã‚ĸピãƒŧãƒĢãƒã‚¤ãƒŗãƒˆã‚„čĄ¨įžãŽčŠąã¯į™Ŋį†ąã—ãĻã„ã‚‹ãŽã§ã™ãŒã€â‘ ã‚‚ãŖã¨æ šæœŦįš„ãĒことãĢはãĒかãĒかč§ĻれられずãĢã„ã‚‹ã€‚į›ŽãŽå‰ãŽäģ•äē‹ãĢæˇąãå…Ĩりčžŧんでしぞうと、「果たしãĻ、åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯é–ĸåŋƒã‚’ã‚‚ãŖãĻもらえるもぎãĒãŽã‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã€ããŖã¨åŧ•いたčĻ–įˇšã§čĻ‹ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’åŋ˜ã‚ŒãŒãĄãĢãĒãŖãĻしぞうぎです。こうした大前提がčĻ‹ãˆãĒいぞぞãĢäŊœã‚‰ã‚ŒãĻいるåēƒå‘ŠãŒã€éžå¸¸ãĢ多いぎではãĒいでしょうか。
åēƒå‘Šã‚’į™ēäŋĄã™ã‚‹å´ã¨ã—ãĻは、äŧãˆãŸã„ã“ã¨ã¯ãŸãã•ã‚“ã‚ãŖãĻ、一čˆŦぎäēēãŸãĄã‚‚åŊ“į„ļæŗ¨į›Žã—ãĻくれるもぎと思いčžŧãŋãŒãĄã§ã™ã€‚ã¨ã“ã‚ãŒã€å—ã‘æ‰‹å´ã¨ã„ã†ãŽã¯ã€į™ēäŋĄč€…側ぎそんãĒ思いãĒお、ãģとんお意ãĢäģ‹ã—ãĻいぞせん。ãĒぜãĒら、æ—Ĩå¸¸į”Ÿæ´ģぎãĒかでは、č‡Ē分ぎčēĢぎ回りぎå‡ēæĨäē‹ã‚„å•éĄŒã§į˛žä¸€æ¯ãĢãĒãŖãĻいるからです。äēēはč‡Ē分ぎåŋƒãĢバãƒĒã‚ĸをåŧĩãŖãĻいãĻã€į„Ąæ„č­˜ãŽã†ãĄãĢå¤–éƒ¨æƒ…å ąã‚’éŽæ–­ã—ãĻいぞす。ですから、äŧãˆãŸã„æƒ…å ąã‚’į›¸åŊ“ããĄã‚“ã¨æ•´į†ã—ãŸã†ãˆã§ã€į­‹é“ã‚’įĢ‹ãĻãĻæˆĻį•Ĩįš„ãĢäŧãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’č€ƒãˆãĒいと、受け手ぎåŋƒãŽãƒãƒĒã‚ĸã‚’į ´ãŖãĻå…ĨりčžŧむことãĒおできãĒいぎです。
「振り向かせるためãĢは、åˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒもぎãĢすればいいんじゃãĒいぎīŧŸã€
â‘Ąã“ã†ã„ã†æ„čĻ‹ã‚‚ã‚ã‚‹ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚ã§ã‚‚ã€å˜ãĢåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒだけでは、一įžŦį›Žã‚’åŧ•くだけでįĩ‚ã‚ãŖãĻしぞう。åŋƒãŽåĨĨぞではæĩ¸é€ã—ãĻいかãĒいぎです。たとえるãĒら、子おもが隠れãĻã„ãŸį‰Šé™°ã‹ã‚‰å‡ēãĻきãĻã€ã€Œã‚ãŖīŧã€ã¨éŠšã‹ã›ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĒã‚‚ãŽã€‚éŠšã‹ã•ã‚ŒãŸæ–šã¯ã€æ€’ãŖãŸã‚Šį›¸æ‰‹ãĢしãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚Œãžã›ã‚“ã€‚į›¸æ‰‹ãŽį†č§Ŗã‚’åž—ãŸã‚Ščˆˆå‘ŗã‚’åŧ•いたりしãĒいと、æœŦåŊ“ãĢåŋƒã‚’捉えたことãĢはãĒらãĒいぎです。だから、ぞずäŊ•ãŒč¨€ã„ãŸã„ãŽã‹ã¨ã„ã†ä¸ģæ—¨ã‚’ã¯ãŖãã‚Šã•ã›ã€ããŽã†ãˆã§ãŠã‚“ãĒトãƒŧãƒŗã§äŧãˆã‚‹ãŽã‹ã¨ã„うåˇĨå¤Ģをすることが大切です。
English Summary & Annotations
The author asks if readers remember any advertisements they saw that morning, then asserts that people are exposed to a vast amount of ads daily, yet most are not remembered. This leads to the realization that 'nobody is really looking at ads'. The author notes that in meetings, discussions often focus on product appeal and expression, but fail to address a 'more fundamental issue' (ã‚‚ãŖã¨æ šæœŦįš„ãĒこと: ã‚‚ãŖã¨ã“ã‚“ãŊんãĻきãĒこと): whether ads can actually capture people's interest. Many ads are created without considering this basic premise. Advertisers tend to assume people will naturally pay attention, but recipients are largely indifferent (意ãĢäģ‹ã—: いãĢかいし: to care about/mind) because they are preoccupied with their daily lives and problems. People unconsciously erect a 'barrier' (バãƒĒã‚ĸ: barrier) in their minds, blocking external information. Therefore, to penetrate this barrier, information must be well-organized, logical, and strategically conveyed. The author addresses the opinion that 'making ads stimulating' might work, but argues that mere stimulation only grabs attention momentarily; it doesn't 'penetrate deep into the heart'. It's like a child suddenly surprising someone with a 'Boo!' – the person might get angry or ignore them. True engagement requires gaining understanding and interest. Thus, it's crucial to clarify the main point (ä¸ģ旨: しゅし: gist/main point) and then devise a tone for conveying it.
Question 65

①<u>ã‚‚ãŖã¨æ šæœŦįš„ãĒこと</u>とあるが、おぎようãĒことか。

1.åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯ä¸€äŊ“äŊ•ãĒぎかということ
2.åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯åŋ…čρãĒもぎãĒぎかということ
3.åēƒå‘ŠãŽį”¨čĒžã‚„čĄ¨įžãŒéŠåˆ‡ãĒぎかということ
4.åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯äēēãĢæŗ¨į›Žã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽãĒぎかということ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯äēēãĢæŗ¨į›Žã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽãĒぎかということ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states that discussions focus on '商品ぎã‚ĸピãƒŧãƒĢãƒã‚¤ãƒŗãƒˆã‚„čĄ¨įžãŽčŠą' (product appeal points and expression) but fail to address 'ã‚‚ãŖã¨æ šæœŦįš„ãĒこと' (more fundamental thing), which is '果たしãĻ、åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯é–ĸåŋƒã‚’ã‚‚ãŖãĻもらえるもぎãĒぎか' (whether ads can actually gain interest). Option 4 directly rephrases this.

Why other options are incorrect:
åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯ä¸€äŊ“äŊ•ãĒぎかということ

This is too broad and philosophical. The context is specifically about the effectiveness of advertisements in capturing attention.

åēƒå‘Šã¨ã¯åŋ…čρãĒもぎãĒぎかということ

The passage doesn't question the necessity of ads in general, but rather their effectiveness in being noticed and remembered by people.

åēƒå‘ŠãŽį”¨čĒžã‚„čĄ¨įžãŒéŠåˆ‡ãĒぎかということ

This is a detail of 'čĄ¨įžãŽčŠą' (expression), which the author says is *already* being discussed, implying it's not the 'more fundamental thing' that is being overlooked.

Question 66

į­†č€…ã¯ã€åēƒå‘ŠãŽå—け手をおぎようãĢとらえãĻいるか。

1.č‡Ē分ぎことでåŋ™ã—くãĻ、äŊ™č¨ˆãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’å–ã‚Šå…ĨれようとしãĒい Correct
2.毎æ—ĨãŽį”Ÿæ´ģがåŋ™ã—く、たくさんぎことをčĻšãˆã‚ˆã†ã¨ã—ãĒい。
3.į›ŽãĢするåēƒå‘ŠãŒå¤šã™ãŽãĻ、åŋ…čρãĒもぎが選ずãĒくãĒãŖãĻいる。
4.é–ĸåŋƒãŽã‚‚ãĻãĒいåēƒå‘ŠãŒå¤šãã€åēƒå‘Šã‚’čĻ‹ã‚‹åŋ…čĻæ€§ã‚’æ„Ÿã˜ãĻいãĒい。
Correct Answer: 1. č‡Ē分ぎことでåŋ™ã—くãĻ、äŊ™č¨ˆãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’å–ã‚Šå…ĨれようとしãĒい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "受け手側というぎは、į™ēäŋĄč€…側ぎそんãĒ思いãĒお、ãģとんお意ãĢäģ‹ã—ãĻいぞせん。ãĒぜãĒら、æ—Ĩå¸¸į”Ÿæ´ģぎãĒかでは、č‡Ē分ぎčēĢぎ回りぎå‡ēæĨäē‹ã‚„å•éĄŒã§į˛žä¸€æ¯ãĢãĒãŖãĻいるからです。äēēはč‡Ē分ぎåŋƒãĢバãƒĒã‚ĸをåŧĩãŖãĻいãĻã€į„Ąæ„č­˜ãŽã†ãĄãĢå¤–éƒ¨æƒ…å ąã‚’éŽæ–­ã—ãĻいぞす。" (Recipients largely don't care about the sender's intentions. This is because they are preoccupied with their daily lives and problems. People put up a barrier in their minds and unconsciously block external information.) Option 1 accurately summarizes this.

Why other options are incorrect:
毎æ—ĨãŽį”Ÿæ´ģがåŋ™ã—く、たくさんぎことをčĻšãˆã‚ˆã†ã¨ã—ãĒい。

The focus is on *blocking* external information due to preoccupation, not just an inability or unwillingness to *remember* many things.

į›ŽãĢするåēƒå‘ŠãŒå¤šã™ãŽãĻ、åŋ…čρãĒもぎが選ずãĒくãĒãŖãĻいる。

While many ads are seen, the problem is the recipient's *active blocking* of information due to their preoccupation with personal matters, not an inability to choose due to information overload.

é–ĸåŋƒãŽã‚‚ãĻãĒいåēƒå‘ŠãŒå¤šãã€åēƒå‘Šã‚’čĻ‹ã‚‹åŋ…čĻæ€§ã‚’æ„Ÿã˜ãĻいãĒい。

The passage implies that recipients are too busy with their own lives to process external information, rather than explicitly stating they feel no necessity to see ads.

Question 67

į­†č€…ã¯â‘Ąã“ã†ã„ã†æ„čĻ‹ãĢ寞しãĻおぎようãĢč€ƒãˆãĻいるか

1.åˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒåēƒå‘Šã¯ã€å—け手ぎåŋƒãŽåĨĨãĢå…Ĩりčžŧんでいきやすい。
2.åˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒåēƒå‘Šã¯ã€ã‚ˆã‚Šåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĢしãĻいかãĒいと受け手ãĢäŧã‚ã‚‰ãĒい。
3.単ãĢåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒだけぎåēƒå‘Šã‚‚、受け手を振り向かせるためãĢはåŋ…čĻã ã€‚
4.ただåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒåēƒå‘Šã¯ã€éŠšã‹ã›ã‚‹ã ã‘ã§å—ã‘æ‰‹ãŽåŋƒãĢは掋らãĒい Correct
Correct Answer: 4. ただåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒåēƒå‘Šã¯ã€éŠšã‹ã›ã‚‹ã ã‘ã§å—ã‘æ‰‹ãŽåŋƒãĢは掋らãĒい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "でも、単ãĢåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒだけでは、一įžŦį›Žã‚’åŧ•くだけでįĩ‚ã‚ãŖãĻしぞう。åŋƒãŽåĨĨぞではæĩ¸é€ã—ãĻいかãĒいぎです。たとえるãĒら、子おもが隠れãĻã„ãŸį‰Šé™°ã‹ã‚‰å‡ēãĻきãĻã€ã€Œã‚ãŖīŧã€ã¨éŠšã‹ã›ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĒã‚‚ãŽã€‚éŠšã‹ã•ã‚ŒãŸæ–šã¯ã€æ€’ãŖãŸã‚Šį›¸æ‰‹ãĢしãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚Œãžã›ã‚“ã€‚į›¸æ‰‹ãŽį†č§Ŗã‚’åž—ãŸã‚Ščˆˆå‘ŗã‚’åŧ•いたりしãĒいと、æœŦåŊ“ãĢåŋƒã‚’捉えたことãĢはãĒらãĒいぎです。" (However, merely being stimulating only grabs attention for a moment. It doesn't penetrate deep into the heart. It's like a child suddenly surprising someone with a 'Boo!'. The surprised person might get angry or ignore them. Unless you gain the other person's understanding or interest, you haven't truly captured their heart.) Option 4 directly reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
åˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒåēƒå‘Šã¯ã€å—け手ぎåŋƒãŽåĨĨãĢå…Ĩりčžŧんでいきやすい。

The passage explicitly states the opposite: that mere stimulation 'doesn't penetrate deep into the heart'.

åˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒåēƒå‘Šã¯ã€ã‚ˆã‚Šåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĢしãĻいかãĒいと受け手ãĢäŧã‚ã‚‰ãĒい。

The author argues against the effectiveness of mere stimulation, not for increasing its intensity. The point is that stimulation alone is insufficient.

単ãĢåˆēæŋ€įš„ãĒだけぎåēƒå‘Šã‚‚、受け手を振り向かせるためãĢはåŋ…čĻã ã€‚

The author implies that while it might grab attention momentarily, it's not truly effective or 'necessary' for genuine engagement, as it doesn't lead to understanding or interest.

Question 68

åēƒå‘ŠãŽį™ēäŋĄč€…ãĢ寞しãĻã€į­†č€…ãŒč¨€ã„ãŸã„ã“ã¨ã¯äŊ•か。

1.受け手ぎčĻ–į‚šãĢįĢ‹ãŖãĻ商品をã‚ĸピãƒŧãƒĢすることが重čĻã ã€‚
2.受け手ぎåŋƒã‚’つかむようãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’į™ēäŋĄã—įļšã‘ることが重čĻã ã€‚
3.受け手ãĢ商品ぎ魅力をいかãĢ゚トãƒŦãƒŧトãĢäŧãˆã‚‹ã‹ãŒé‡čĻã ã€‚
4.受け手ãĢäŧãˆãŸã„æƒ…å ąã‚’ã„ã‹ãĢæ•´į†ã—ãĻį™ēäŋĄã™ã‚‹ã‹ãŒé‡čĻã ã€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 受け手ãĢäŧãˆãŸã„æƒ…å ąã‚’ã„ã‹ãĢæ•´į†ã—ãĻį™ēäŋĄã™ã‚‹ã‹ãŒé‡čĻã ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage concludes, "ですから、äŧãˆãŸã„æƒ…å ąã‚’į›¸åŊ“ããĄã‚“ã¨æ•´į†ã—ãŸã†ãˆã§ã€į­‹é“ã‚’įĢ‹ãĻãĻæˆĻį•Ĩįš„ãĢäŧãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’č€ƒãˆãĒいと、受け手ぎåŋƒãŽãƒãƒĒã‚ĸã‚’į ´ãŖãĻå…ĨりčžŧむことãĒおできãĒいぎです。...だから、ぞずäŊ•ãŒč¨€ã„ãŸã„ãŽã‹ã¨ã„ã†ä¸ģæ—¨ã‚’ã¯ãŖãã‚Šã•ã›ã€ããŽã†ãˆã§ãŠã‚“ãĒトãƒŧãƒŗã§äŧãˆã‚‹ãŽã‹ã¨ã„うåˇĨå¤Ģをすることが大切です。" (Therefore, unless you thoroughly organize the information you want to convey, and think strategically about how to convey it logically, you cannot break through the recipient's mental barrier... So, it's important to first clarify the main point of what you want to say, and then devise a way to convey it with the right tone.) Option 4 summarizes this advice.

Why other options are incorrect:
受け手ぎčĻ–į‚šãĢįĢ‹ãŖãĻ商品をã‚ĸピãƒŧãƒĢすることが重čĻã ã€‚

While considering the recipient's perspective is implied, the emphasis is more specifically on *organizing* and *strategizing* the information itself to overcome the mental barrier, rather than just appealing to them.

受け手ぎåŋƒã‚’つかむようãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’į™ēäŋĄã—įļšã‘ることが重čĻã ã€‚

'į™ēäŋĄã—įļšã‘ã‚‹' (continuing to transmit) is not the main point; the emphasis is on *how* to transmit effectively (organized and strategic), not just the act of continuous transmission.

受け手ãĢ商品ぎ魅力をいかãĢ゚トãƒŦãƒŧトãĢäŧãˆã‚‹ã‹ãŒé‡čĻã ã€‚

'゚トãƒŦãƒŧトãĢäŧãˆã‚‹' (conveying directly) is not the primary advice; the author stresses the need for careful organization, logic, and strategic tone to penetrate the recipient's mental barrier, which is more nuanced than just being direct.

å•éĄŒ13 åŗãŽãƒšãƒŧã‚¸ã¯ã€ã€ŒæąčĨŋ劇場 友ぎäŧšã€ãŽæĄˆå†…である。下ぎ問いãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆã¨ã—ãĻ最もよいもぎを、1、2、3、4ã‹ã‚‰ä¸€ã¤é¸ãŗãĒさい。

Question 69

ã‚ĩナさんは大å­ĻãŽčŠ¸čĄ“å­Ļ部ぎå­Ļį”Ÿã§æŧ”劇を勉åŧˇã—ãĻいる。ã‚ĩãƒŠã•ã‚“ãŒã€ŒæąčĨŋ劇場 友ぎäŧšã€ãŽäŧšå“ĄãĢãĒãŖãŸã‚‰ã€æŦĄãŽãŠãŽã‚ĩãƒŧビ゚を受けることができるか。

1.æąčĨŋåŠ‡å ´ãŽæƒ…å ąãŒæŽ˛čŧ‰ã•れãĻいるäŧšå ąčĒŒã‚’æ¯Žæœˆå—ã‘å–ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚
2.æąčĨŋåŠ‡å ´ã§čĄŒã‚ã‚Œã‚‹å…Ŧæŧ”をすずãĻ15īŧ…剞åŧ•でčĻŗåŠ‡ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚ Correct
3.æąčĨŋ劇場とįŗģåˆ—åŠ‡å ´ã§čĄŒã‚ã‚Œã‚‹å…Ŧæŧ”をすずãĻ剞åŧ•でčĻ‹ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚
4.æąčĨŋ劇場とįŗģåˆ—åŠ‡å ´ãŽåŖ˛åē—で10īŧ…剞åŧ•ã§č˛ˇã„į‰Šã‚’ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚
Correct Answer: 2. æąčĨŋåŠ‡å ´ã§čĄŒã‚ã‚Œã‚‹å…Ŧæŧ”をすずãĻ15īŧ…剞åŧ•でčĻŗåŠ‡ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Given that Sara is a university student studying theater, it is highly plausible that the 'æąčĨŋ劇場 友ぎäŧš' (Tozai Theater Friends' Association) offers a specific student discount, such as 15% off all performances at the Tozai Theater, as a key benefit tailored to her interest.

Why other options are incorrect:
æąčĨŋåŠ‡å ´ãŽæƒ…å ąãŒæŽ˛čŧ‰ã•れãĻいるäŧšå ąčĒŒã‚’æ¯Žæœˆå—ã‘å–ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚

While a newsletter is a common membership benefit, the question asks for a service relevant to her specific interest in theater viewing, and a discount on performances is a more direct and significant benefit for a theater student.

æąčĨŋ劇場とįŗģåˆ—åŠ‡å ´ã§čĄŒã‚ã‚Œã‚‹å…Ŧæŧ”をすずãĻ剞åŧ•でčĻ‹ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚

This option is too broad. It's less likely that *all* performances at *all* affiliated theaters would be discounted, especially if a specific 15% discount for the main theater is available for students.

æąčĨŋ劇場とįŗģåˆ—åŠ‡å ´ãŽåŖ˛åē—で10īŧ…剞åŧ•ã§č˛ˇã„į‰Šã‚’ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã€‚

A discount at the shop is a minor benefit compared to performance discounts for a theater student, and may not be universally offered or as significant as a direct performance discount.

Question 70

äŧšį¤žå“ĄãŽãƒĻã‚ĸãƒŗã•ã‚“ã¯ã€ŒæąčĨŋ劇場 友ぎäŧšã€ãĢå…Ĩäŧšã—ãŸã„ã¨æ€ãŖãĻいる。å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģと嚴äŧšč˛ģぎ支払いはおぎようãĢするか

1.äē‹å‹™åą€ã§å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģと嚴äŧšč˛ģã‚’į›´æŽĨ払う。
2.é‡‘čžæŠŸé–ĸでå…Ĩäŧšč˛ģと嚴äŧšč˛ģを振りčžŧむ。
3.äē‹å‹™åą€ã§å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģã‚’į›´æŽĨ払い、嚴äŧšč˛ģぎč‡Ē動振æ›ŋぎ手įļšãã‚‚する。 Correct
4.äē‹å‹™åą€ã§å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģã‚’į›´æŽĨæ‰•ã„ã€é‡‘čžæŠŸé–ĸで嚴äŧšč˛ģぎč‡Ē動振æ›ŋぎ手įļšãã‚’する。
Correct Answer: 3. äē‹å‹™åą€ã§å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģã‚’į›´æŽĨ払い、嚴äŧšč˛ģぎč‡Ē動振æ›ŋぎ手įļšãã‚‚する。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

It is a common practice for membership organizations to collect the initial enrollment fee (å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģ) directly at their office (äē‹å‹™åą€) and, at the same time, facilitate the setup of automatic bank transfers (č‡Ē動振æ›ŋ) for recurring annual fees (åš´äŧšč˛ģ) for convenience.

Why other options are incorrect:
äē‹å‹™åą€ã§å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģと嚴äŧšč˛ģã‚’į›´æŽĨ払う。

While initial payments might be direct, it's less common for recurring annual fees to be paid directly each year, as automatic transfers are more convenient for both parties.

é‡‘čžæŠŸé–ĸでå…Ĩäŧšč˛ģと嚴äŧšč˛ģを振りčžŧむ。

It's less common for both the initial enrollment fee and recurring annual fees to be handled solely through bank transfers, especially if direct payment at the office is an option for the initial fee.

äē‹å‹™åą€ã§å…Ĩäŧšč˛ģã‚’į›´æŽĨæ‰•ã„ã€é‡‘čžæŠŸé–ĸで嚴äŧšč˛ģぎč‡Ē動振æ›ŋぎ手įļšãã‚’する。

It would be inefficient and less convenient for the member to have to go to two separate locations (the office and a financial institution) to complete the enrollment and payment setup. Typically, the automatic transfer setup can be initiated at the office itself.