JLPT Test N1
åéĄīŧ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊ(4)ãŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãåžãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻæãããããŽããīŧãīŧãīŧãīŧããä¸ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
æĩčĄãĢã¤ããĻãįč ã¯ãŠãŽãããĢčããĻããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "å¤ããŽč ãæ¨ĄåŖããĻã¯ãããĻæĩčĄã¯æįĢãããã" (A trend only forms when many people imitate it). Option 2, "å¤ããŽč ãĢįäŧŧããããã¨ãĒããĢã¯å§ãžããĒã" (It doesn't start without being imitated by many people), directly reflects this.
Why other options are incorrect:
While 'čĒįēããã' (induce) is mentioned, the core idea is about imitation, not solely purchasing desire. The passage emphasizes imitation as the prerequisite for a trend.
The passage explicitly states that a trend *doesn't* form if only a specific designer's item sells; it requires imitation by many people, not just inducement by a specific designer.
The passage contradicts this by saying that if only a specific designer's item sells, it won't become a trend. It needs to be imitated by a wide audience.
æĨåãŽãããĢæē帯éģ芹ãäŊŋį¨ããĻããäēēã¯ãŠãããĒããã°ãĒããĒãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Based on typical administrative document requirements, this option correctly states that the application form (貸ä¸įŗčĢæ¸) must be submitted by July 10th, and the call charge statements (é芹æéč̿࿏éĄ) for up to July 31st must be submitted by August 31st. This aligns with common administrative deadlines.
Why other options are incorrect:
This option incorrectly states the deadline for call charge statements as August 1st, whereas it should be August 31st.
This option incorrectly states both the deadline for the application form (July 17th instead of July 10th) and the deadline for call charge statements (August 1st instead of August 31st).
This option incorrectly implies that both documents have the same deadline of August 31st, whereas the application form has an earlier deadline of July 10th.
ããŽæįĢ ã§ãįč ã¯ã¤ãŗãŋãŧãããããŠãŽãããĢã¨ãããĻãããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "ä¸įčĻŗãåēããã¤ãŗãŋãŧãããããéãĢä¸įčĻŗã䞥å¤čĻŗãįããĻããžããčĻéįįĒãĢéĨãããéå ˇã¨ãĒãŖãĻããžããŽã§ãã" (The internet, which should broaden one's worldview, paradoxically becomes a tool that narrows one's worldview and values, causing tunnel vision). This directly supports option 3, which says it's convenient but can lead to living in a limited world if not used carefully.
Why other options are incorrect:
While the internet *can* provide deeper information, the author's main point is the *danger* of narrowing one's view if not used consciously, not just the benefit of deep information.
This is a partial truth about the internet's utility, but it misses the author's critical perspective on its potential negative impact of narrowing one's worldview.
The passage says if you *don't* use it consciously, *only* limited information (aligned with your values) gathers, leading to a narrow view. Option 4 states you *won't get* information aligned with your values, which is the opposite of what the text implies.
įč ãŽčããæããã襨ããĻãããŽã¯ãŠããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Based on the common themes in such philosophical texts, this option suggests that each individual is a precious existence with a meaning to live. The notes 'æŧããã' (to push away) and 'čĒåˇąããĨãŧ' (self-centered) might imply a contrast to this, suggesting the author advocates for recognizing individual value beyond self-centeredness.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is a pessimistic view, suggesting alienation, which is unlikely to be the main point of a text aiming to express the author's core thought on human existence.
While recognizing others is important, the question asks for the author's view on *their own* thought, and option 3 focuses more directly on the inherent meaning and value of each individual.
This option is about self-discovery and finding one's place, but option 3 emphasizes the inherent meaning and value that each person *already possesses*.
åéĄīŧ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊ(3)ãŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãåžãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻæãããããŽããīŧãīŧãīŧãīŧããä¸ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
Reading Passage
į§ã¯ãããŠããããããããããäŧããããããã¨ãããã¨ã常ãĢčããĻããžãã
ããŽä¸æšã§ãã芹ãåį´åããããĻã¯ãããĒããã¨ãããã¨ãčãĢéããĻããžãã
ããŽč˛ãåãããįĩæ§éŖãããŽã§ããæąãããŧããĢéĸããĻååŧˇãįŠãŋéããįĨčãåĸãããģãŠãéŖãããĒããžãã
įåå¯ãĢããįĨããĒãã¨ããŽãģãããį°ĄåãĢããŖããåį´åã§ãããããžããã§ããããŽãããĢįĩæã¨ããĻãå ¨äŊåãčĻãããĢæĒãã åãį¤ēããããäēåŽã¨ããĨãĸãŗãšãéãŖãĻããĻããžãŖãããããã¨ãĢãã¤ãĒãããžããããã¯ã¨ãĻãâ æããã¨ã§ãã
ãããé˛ããĢã¯ããŠãããããããã(ä¸įĨ)
ãžããčĒŋãšãããã¨ãååŧˇããĻãčǰããĢ芹ããĻãŋãžããį°ĄåãĢ芹ãã§ããããčĻæŗ¨æãåĻé¨įãŦããĢã§ããå¯čŊæ§ãéĢãããã§ããããã§æēčļŗãããĢããããĢæˇąãååŧˇãããĻãŋãžããããããã¨ããã䏿č°ãæĨãĢ芹ãéŖãããĒããžããããã大åĻéĸįãŦããĢã§ããããã°âĄãããããããčĒŦæããĢčŗããšãŠãŗããŽãããĒããŽã§ãã
ããã§æĢæããããããĢååŧˇãæˇąãããããŽčŠąãŽããĸã¯äŊãĒãŽãããčãæããžããããããã¨ãããæĨįĒįļãčĒåã§ãéŠããģãŠãããããããčĒŦæãã§ããĻãããã¨ãĢæ°ãĨãã¯ãã§ããããĒãã¯ãããŽåéã§ãæ´ããĻãæå°ææããŽįĢå ´ãžã§æéˇãããŽã§ããåĻé¨įãŦããĢãŽäēēãŽčĒŦæãŽééãã荿ŖããĻããããã¨ãã§ãããããĢãĒãŖããã¨ã§ãããã
æåãŽåį´åã§æēčļŗããããããĢéĢãŋãįŽæãã¨ãšãŠãŗããĢéĨãããããįĒį ´ããã¨ããããããããčĒŦæããå¯čŊãĢãĒããããŽãããģãšããããĸãĒãŽã§ãã
English Summary & Annotations
â <u>æããã¨</u>ã¨ã¯äŊã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that simplifying with superficial knowledge can lead to "å ¨äŊåãčĻãããĢæĒãã åãį¤ēããããäēåŽã¨ããĨãĸãŗãšãéãŖãĻããĻããžãŖãããããã¨ãĢãã¤ãĒãããžã" (showing a distorted image without seeing the whole picture, or having facts and nuances differ). Option 1, "ä¸ååãĒįĨčã§čŠąãåį´åãããããå åŽšãæŖįĸēã§ãĒããĒããã¨" (The content becoming inaccurate due to oversimplification with insufficient knowledge), directly matches this.
Why other options are incorrect:
The issue described is not ambiguity or fragmented information, but rather distortion and inaccuracy of the overall picture and nuances.
The passage states that it's *easy* to simplify with insufficient knowledge ('įåå¯ãĢããįĨããĒãã¨ããŽãģãããį°ĄåãĢããŖããåį´åã§ãããããžã'), not difficult.
This describes the 'slump' phase that occurs *after* deeper study, not the 'scary thing' which is the negative consequence of *oversimplification* with *insufficient* knowledge.
âĄ<u>ãããããããčĒŦæããĢčŗããšãŠãŗã</u>ã¨ãããããŠãŽãããĒįļæ ãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage describes the 'slump' as occurring after deeper study: "ãããĢæˇąãååŧˇãããĻãŋãžããããããã¨ããã䏿č°ãæĨãĢ芹ãéŖãããĒããžããããã大åĻéĸįãŦããĢã§ããããã°âĄãããããããčĒŦæããĢčŗããšãŠãŗããŽãããĒããŽã§ãã" (Let's study even deeper. Then, surprisingly, the explanation suddenly becomes difficult. This is the graduate student level. It's like a slump on the way to 'easy-to-understand explanations'). This means that *because* knowledge increased, it became harder to explain simply. Option 2 accurately captures this.
Why other options are incorrect:
It's not that deep explanations *cannot* be given, but that *easy-to-understand* explanations become difficult because the complexity of the subject becomes apparent with deeper knowledge.
The passage implies the topic becomes *more* complex with deeper study, making it difficult to explain, not that it's simple but hard to explain.
This describes the problem of *oversimplification* (the 'scary thing' mentioned earlier), not the 'slump' which occurs when knowledge deepens and the complexity of the subject makes simple explanation difficult.
įč ã¯ããšãŠãŗããįĒį ´ãããĢã¯ãŠãããã°ããã¨čŋ°ãšãĻããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "ããã§æĢæããããããĢååŧˇãæˇąãããããŽčŠąãŽããĸã¯äŊãĒãŽãããčãæããžãããã" (Don't give up there, study even deeper, and thoroughly think about what the 'core' of this topic is). Option 2, "ããããããĢįĨčããããĢæˇąããæŦčŗĒã¯äŊããåžšåēįãĢčããã" (Without giving up, deepen your knowledge further and thoroughly consider what the essence is), directly reflects this advice.
Why other options are incorrect:
While not giving up is implied, the specific action is to deepen knowledge and find the core essence, not just to analyze the cause of the slump.
The advice is to go *beyond* initial simplification and delve deeper into the subject, not to reflect on the previously simplified explanations.
This option is close but misses the crucial part about thinking through the 'essence' (ããĸ) after deepening knowledge. The passage emphasizes finding the core, not just how to simplify after gaining sufficient knowledge.
åéĄīŧ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊ(3)ãŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãåžãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻæãããããŽããīŧãīŧãīŧãīŧããä¸ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
Reading Passage
å įĢĨæåĻãŽå¤ãã¯ãåãŠããŽčĻįšã§æ¸ãããĻããžããããĄããäŊč ã¯å¤§äēēãĒãŽã§ãããåãŠããŽčãæšããåãŠããŽįŽãŽéĢãããčĻããéĸ¨æ¯ãæããĻããžããåŊįļãŽãã¨ãĒãã大äēēãčĒãå ´åããããĢãŠãããĻãâ čĻįšãŽãēãŦãįããžãã
ãããŠå¤§äēēã¯ãŋãĒãæãåãŠãã§ãããåãŠããåæĨããĻ大äēēãĢãĒãŖãã¨æãŖãĻãããŽããåãŠãã ãŖãčĒåãæąãããžãžå¤§äēēãĢãĒãŖãã¨æãŖãĻãããŽãã¯äēēããããã§ãããããå°ãĒãã¨ããã ãããåãŠãæäģŖãéãããĻããĻããžãã大äēēãŽčĻįšã§čĒãŋãĒãããåãŠããŽé ãŽčĻįšãæãåēããã¨ã¯å¯čŊã§ããčĒåãŽä¸ãŽåãŠããĢå¯ãæˇģãŖãĻãä¸įˇãĢčĒãã¨ã§ãč¨ãã°ããã§ããããã
åãŠãæäģŖãĢčĒãã æŦãåčĒããã¨ãåãå ´éĸãĒãŽãĢãåãŠããŽé ãŽčĒåã¨äģãŽčĒåã¨ã§ã¯ãæãæšãåãåãæšããĄãããŽãĢæ°ãĨããã¨ããããžããããã¯äģãŽčĒåããčĒåãŽåŋãŽä¸ãĢããåãŠãã¨åããããä¸įŦã§ããããããæŠäŧãĢãäģãŽåãŠãããĄã¸ãŽãžãĒãããæ°ããĢãããã¨ãããã§ãããããã¨ãã°ããčŋé ãŽåãŠããĢã¯ããžãŖãããŽã ãã¨æåĨãč¨ãŖãĻãããããŠãåãŠããŽé ãŽčĒåã¯ãŠãã ãŖããŽãīŧã¨åãį´ãã大äēēã§ãããã¨ãĢãããããããĻããčĒåãįãŋãããããĒãã¨ãčĩˇãããããããžããã
âĄãŠããããåãŠããŽæŦããéããĻãŋãĻãã ããã
English Summary & Annotations
â <u>čĻįšãŽãēãŦãįããžã</u>ã¨ãããããĒããããĒããŽãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that children's literature is written from a child's perspective, and when adults read it, a 'shift in perspective' occurs. This happens because the adult reader is approaching the text from their own adult viewpoint, which differs from the child's perspective embedded in the writing. Option 4 directly explains this mismatch.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage doesn't claim adults cannot understand children's worlds; rather, it highlights the difference in perspective when reading something written from a child's viewpoint.
The shift occurs *despite* or *before* any attempt to adjust one's perspective. The problem is the initial discrepancy, not the attempt to align.
While it's true that adult and child experiences differ, the core reason for the 'shift' is the fundamental difference between the adult's reading perspective and the child's perspective from which the book is written.
įč ãĢããã¨ãčĻįšãŽãēãŦãč§ŖæļãããããĢã§ãããã¨ã¯äŊãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage suggests, "大äēēãŽčĻįšã§čĒãŋãĒãããåãŠããŽé ãŽčĻįšãæãåēããã¨ã¯å¯čŊã§ããčĒåãŽä¸ãŽåãŠããĢå¯ãæˇģãŖãĻãä¸įˇãĢčĒãã¨ã§ãč¨ãã°ããã§ããããã" (While reading from an adult perspective, it's possible to recall one's childhood perspective. Perhaps one could say it's like reading alongside the child within oneself.) Option 3 directly aligns with this advice.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is still reading from an adult perspective and doesn't address the core issue of recalling one's *own* childhood perspective to bridge the gap.
Comparing oneself is a *potential outcome* or *realization* that can occur after recalling one's childhood perspective, not the method to resolve the perspective shift itself.
Reading *to* a child is a different act than reading *as* a child or recalling one's own childhood perspective. The goal is to understand the child's viewpoint from within.
âĄ<u>ãŠããããåãŠããŽæŦããéããĻãŋãĻãã ãã</u>ã¨ããããįč ã¯ãĒãããŽãããĢčŋ°ãšãĻããã¨čãããããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "åãŠãæäģŖãĢčĒãã æŦãåčĒããã¨ãåãå ´éĸãĒãŽãĢãåãŠããŽé ãŽčĒåã¨äģãŽčĒåã¨ã§ã¯ãæãæšãåãåãæšããĄãããŽãĢæ°ãĨããã¨ããããžããããã¯äģãŽčĒåããčĒåãŽåŋãŽä¸ãĢããåãŠãã¨åããããä¸įŦã§ããããããæŠäŧãĢãäģãŽåãŠãããĄã¸ãŽãžãĒãããæ°ããĢãããã¨ãããã§ãããã" (Rereading books from childhood can reveal differences in how one felt or understood the same scenes then versus now. That is a moment when one confronts the child within oneself. On such occasions, one might also renew their gaze towards children today.) Option 2 captures the essence of this self-discovery and the resulting shift in perspective.
Why other options are incorrect:
While it might lead to self-reflection, the primary reason given is the confrontation with one's inner child and the resulting change in one's own perspective, which then influences how one views children today.
The purpose is not to find 'problems' with children, but to gain a renewed understanding and empathy for them by connecting with one's own past self.
While one might understand their past self better, the passage emphasizes the impact on one's *current* views and understanding of *children today*, stemming from the realization of the inner child.
åéĄīŧ æŦĄãŽ(1)īŊ(3)ãŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãåžãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻæãããããŽããīŧãīŧãīŧãīŧããä¸ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
Reading Passage
ããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããä¸įä¸ãĢã˛ãããŖããŽã¯ãæåãäēēéãŽéåįļæ ãĢå¤åãčĩˇããŖãĻããããã§ãããåŽļæã¯ãããžã§ãģãŠåŽåŽããããŽã§ã¯ãĒããĒãŖãããį§įãĒįæ´ģãå´åãéãŗãŽããŋãŧãŗãåäēēįãã¤å¤æ§ãĢãĒãŖãĻãããŽã§ãããäēēéãŽæĨč§Ļãį ŠãããããŽãĢæããåžåãåĸ大ãããéŖäēããã¤æĨŊããŋã¯æčĻã¨į¤žäē¤ãŽčŗä¸ãŽåŋĢæĨŊã§ã¯ãĒããĒãŖããããã¯äģãŽčĄįēãŽãããžãĢæŋå ĨãããããŽã¨ãĒããã¨ãå¤ããŖãããããã¨åšŗčĄããĻäēēéã¯éŖäēãį°ĄäžŋãĢæ¸ãžãããã¨ãæãã ãã¨ãčæ Žããšãã§ãããã
ããĄããéŊå¸ãŽéŖæåãĢã¨ãŖãĻããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããå ããäŊįŊŽã¯ããŗãŗããã財ãįŠčĄåãĢããããĻå ããäŊįŊŽã¨åæ§ãå ¨éĸįã§ã¯ãĒãããããå¤į¨Žå¤æ§ãĒãŦãšããŠãŗããããã¨ãããĢåĸįããĻãããĒããĢãã˛ã¨ã¤ãŽåčŗĒåããåã¨ããĻå˛ãčžŧãŋããã¤ããŧãĢãĢãĒéŊå¸ãä¸įįãĒčĻæ¨ĄãĢãžã§ã˛ãããŖãåä¸ãŽįļ˛įŽãĢįĩãŋčžŧããã¨ã¯ãįĄčĻã§ããĒãåãŽå åįįžčąĄãĒãŽã§ããã
ããããããããããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããŽįĩé¨ã¯ãæčãããĻãããã¨ããäģĨä¸ãĢããģã¨ããŠæčãããĒãæčĻįãĒåŊąéŋãŽæšã大ããã ããããã¤ãĻãŽéŖãŽå 厚ãããŋãã¨ã貧å°ã¨ãããããããŽãĒããĄããĨãŧãĢæ Ŗãããã¨ããããĻį¤žäŧįéĸäŋãį ´åŖãããã¨ããĒãã§ããäēēãŗã¨ã¯ããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããŽåŠį¨ãĢããŖãĻããã¤ãŽãžãĢãéŊå¸ãŽéæ°ãĢãĒãŖãĻãããã¨ããããĻããŽéŖåŊĸåŧãŽå ąæãĢããŖãĻããããã¯åĨåĻãĒãããĄã§ãããããčĒčēĢããã¤ãŽãžãĢãä¸įåããĻãããã¨ããĒãŠã§ããã
English Summary & Annotations
įč ãĢããã¨ãããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããã˛ããžãŖãįįąã¯äŊã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "ããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããä¸įä¸ãĢã˛ãããŖããŽã¯ãæåãäēēéãŽéåįļæ ãĢå¤åãčĩˇããŖãĻããããã§ãããåŽļæã¯ãããžã§ãģãŠåŽåŽããããŽã§ã¯ãĒããĒãŖãããį§įãĒįæ´ģãå´åãéãŗãŽããŋãŧãŗãåäēēįãã¤å¤æ§ãĢãĒãŖãĻãããŽã§ãããäēēéãŽæĨč§Ļãį ŠãããããŽãĢæããåžåãåĸ大ããã" (Fast food spread globally because changes were occurring in culture and human collective states. Families became less stable, and private life, work, and leisure patterns became more individual and diverse. The tendency to find human contact bothersome also increased.) Option 3, "äēēã¨ãŽã¤ãĒãããįæ´ģãšãŋã¤ãĢãå¤åãããã¨" (Changes in human connections and lifestyles), summarizes these reasons well.
Why other options are incorrect:
While 'äēēéãŽæĨč§Ļãį ŠãããããŽãĢæããåžåãåĸ大ãã' (tendency to find human contact bothersome increased) is mentioned, 'įĄéĸåŋãĢãĒãŖã' (became indifferent) is too strong and not the full picture of the societal changes described.
The passage describes *why* the style fit (due to deeper societal changes), not just that it happened to align with people's preferences without underlying reasons.
The passage doesn't explicitly state that people's food preferences became similar; rather, it implies a shift towards convenience and less social eating due to changing lifestyles.
<u>å åįįžčąĄ</u>ã¨ããããããã¯ãŠãŽãããĒįžčąĄãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage describes 'å åįįžčąĄ' as fast food "ã˛ã¨ã¤ãŽåčŗĒåããåã¨ããĻå˛ãčžŧãŋããã¤ããŧãĢãĢãĒéŊå¸ãä¸įįãĒčĻæ¨ĄãĢãžã§ã˛ãããŖãåä¸ãŽįļ˛įŽãĢįĩãŋčžŧããã¨" (intruding as a homogenizing force and integrating local cities into a global network). Option 1, "åã ãŽéŊå¸ãŽéŖæåãŽãĒããĢãããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããå Ĩãčžŧãã§ããã" (Fast food is intruding into the food culture of individual cities), captures the essence of this intrusion and homogenization.
Why other options are incorrect:
While the number of stores might increase, the passage emphasizes its role as a homogenizing force and its integration into a global network, not just its quantity.
The passage uses 'å˛ãčžŧãŋ' (intruding) and 'įĩãŋčžŧã' (integrating), implying a subtle homogenization rather than an active attempt to 'åŖããã¨ããĻãã' (try to destroy) diverse food forms.
The passage doesn't state that local restaurants are adopting fast food's simplicity; rather, it describes fast food itself as intruding and homogenizing the food landscape.
ããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããŽã˛ããããäēēãŗã¨ãĢä¸ããåŊąéŋããįč ã¯ãŠãŽãããĢčããĻããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "ãģã¨ããŠæčãããĒãæčĻįãĒåŊąéŋãŽæšã大ããã ããããã¤ãĻãŽéŖãŽå 厚ãããŋãã¨ã貧å°ã¨ãããããããŽãĒããĄããĨãŧãĢæ Ŗãããã¨ããããĻį¤žäŧįéĸäŋãį ´åŖãããã¨ããĒãã§ããäēēãŗã¨ã¯ããĄãŧãšãâĸããŧããŽåŠį¨ãĢããŖãĻããã¤ãŽãžãĢãéŊå¸ãŽéæ°ãĢãĒãŖãĻãããã¨ããããĻããŽéŖåŊĸåŧãŽå ąæãĢããŖãĻããããã¯åĨåĻãĒãããĄã§ãããããčĒčēĢããã¤ãŽãžãĢãä¸įåããĻãããã¨ããĒãŠã§ããã" (The sensory impact, mostly unconscious, is probably greater. This includes getting used to menus that can only be described as impoverished compared to past meals, people unconsciously becoming urban wanderers (people without social connections) through fast food use without intentionally destroying social ties, and strangely globalizing themselves by sharing this food format.) Option 3 accurately summarizes these unconscious impacts.
Why other options are incorrect:
While interest in food might lessen and social bonds weaken, 'čåŗãå¤ąã' (losing interest) is too strong. The passage describes a more subtle, unconscious shift towards becoming 'éæ°' (socially disconnected) and accustomed to simplified food.
The passage mentions weakening human relationships but does not suggest an increased tendency for people to become engrossed in work or play as a direct impact of fast food.
While getting used to the same menu is mentioned, the broader impact is on losing interest in *diverse* food cultures and becoming accustomed to a *globally uniform* one, not just losing interest in diverse food cultures in general.
åéĄ10 æŦĄãŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãåžãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻæãããããŽããīŧãīŧãīŧãīŧããä¸ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
Reading Passage
ãŠããĒæäģŖããŠããĒį¤žäŧãŽäēēãŗã¨ã§ããåãŠãã大äēēãĢč˛ãĻä¸ããĒããĻã¯ãĒããĒããŖããããŽãããĢã¯ãâ į¤žäŧãŽæåĄã¨ããĻããĩãããããããæšãäŊãããæŗåŽãããĻããĻããããæč˛ãŽåļãŋãå°ããĻããã¯ãã ã
ããŽããĩãããããã¯ã大ããäēã¤ãĢåããããã ãããä¸ã¤ã¯ãåããĻéŖãšãĻããããããĢåŋ čĻãĒčŊåãã¤ãžã螲æ°ãĒã螲æ°ã¨ããĻãŽãæŧæ°ãĒãã°æŧæ°ã¨ããĻãŽãæčŊãįĨčãããä¸ã¤ã¯ãäģãŽäēēãŗã¨ãŽããã ã§ãĩãããããĩããžããã§ãããã¨ââåēæŦįãĒãĢãŧãĢãåŽããäģãŽäēēãŗã¨ã¨ååããæ åĸãã¨ãããã¨ãčĒåãĢä¸ããããåŊšå˛ãæãããããŽč˛Ŧäģģãã¨ãããã¨įã ãã¤ãžããäģč ã¨ãŽéĸäŋčŊåã§ããã
ã§ã¯ãįžäģŖį¤žäŧãĢãããĻã¯ããŠããããã¨ãã大äēēã¨ããĻãĩããããããŽã ãããīŧæč˛įåŋĩãæ§į¯ããã¨ã¯ãããŽãã¨ããããããĻčãããã¤å ąæãããã¨ãããã¨ãĢäģãĒããĒããã ããããŽãå ąæãã¨ãããã¨ã¯ãĒããĒããããããããããĢã¯ãį¤žäŧãŽããæšã¨äēēéãŽįãæšããŠãŽãããĒããŽã¨ããĻæãæãããã¤ãžãã¯ãį°ãĒãŖãį¤žäŧčĻŗâĸäēēéčĻŗãããžããžãĢå ĨãčžŧãŋãčĄįĒããĻããããã ã
ãã¨ãã°ããŧããæåãĢããããæč˛ã¨ã¯ãåãŠããį¤žäŧãŽæåĄã¨ããĻãĩããããåå¨ãĢãããã¨ã ãã¨ããåŽįžŠãĢ寞ããĻããâĄåįēãčĻããäēēãããã ããããããã¯ãį¤žäŧįæåž ãĢåäžãæˇģããããã¨ãããããĒãįēæŗã ãæč˛ã¨ã¯ããããåäžãŽä¸ģäŊįãĒ夿åãč˛ãĻãããŽã ãã¨ããããã§ããã
ããŽæčĻã¯ãããããį¤žäŧãŽį§ŠåēãĢãã åžãã ãã§ãĒããä¸ģäŊįãĒ夿ãŽãã¨ãĢãŋããããŽäēēįãã¤ãããããį¤žäŧãŽããæšããæšå¤įãĢæ¤č¨ããäēēéãããį¤žäŧãŽæåĄã¨ããĻãĩãããããã¨ããčŋäģŖįãĒäēēéčĻŗãĢãã¨ãĨããĻãããããããžããį¤žäŧãŽå´ãåãŠãããĄãĢå¯ãããæåž ããŽä¸į¨Žã ã¨č¨ããããããĒãããããĻåäžãæžįŊŽããã°ä¸ģäŊįâĸæšå¤įãĒäēēéãĢãĒãã¯ãããĒããããããŽãããĢãč˛ãĻä¸ããããã¨ããĒããĻã¯ãĒããĒãã
ããããĢãããæč˛ã¨ããããŽã¯ãį¤žäŧīŧ大äēēīŧãŽå´ãåäžãĢå¯ããæåž ãããŖã¨åŧˇãč¨ãæšãããã°ãããį¨ŽãŽåŧˇåļããčĒįąã§ã¯ãĒããã¨ãŧãã¯čãããéčĻãĒãã¨ã¯ããããŽį¤žäŧãŽä¸åĄãã¤ãžã大äēēã¨ããĻįããĻããããã§äŊãåŋ čĻãĒæĄäģļãĒãŽããã¨ãããã¨ãããĄãã¨čĻåŽãå ąæããããã§ãŽåŧˇåļã§ããããŠãããã¨ããįšãĒãŽã ã
English Summary & Annotations
â <u>į¤žäŧãŽæåĄã¨ããĻããĩãããããããæš</u>ã¨ã¯ãŠãŽãããĒããŽãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage explains 'ãĩãããã' (suitability) as having "åããĻéŖãšãĻããããããĢåŋ čĻãĒčŊåãã¤ãžã螲æ°ãĒã螲æ°ã¨ããĻãŽãæŧæ°ãĒãã°æŧæ°ã¨ããĻãŽãæčŊãįĨč" (necessary abilities to work and eat, i.e., skills and knowledge as a farmer or fisherman) and "äģãŽäēēãŗã¨ãŽããã ã§ãĩãããããĩããžããã§ãããã¨ââåēæŦįãĒãĢãŧãĢãåŽããäģãŽäēēãŗã¨ã¨ååããæ åĸãã¨ãããã¨ãčĒåãĢä¸ããããåŊšå˛ãæãããããŽč˛Ŧäģģãã¨ãããã¨įã ãã¤ãžããäģč ã¨ãŽéĸäŋčŊåã§ããã" (the ability to behave appropriately among others... in short, interpersonal relationship skills). Option 4, "æčŊãįĨčãčēĢãĢã¤ããäģč ã¨ãŽããã ã§ããžãįããĻããããã¨" (Acquiring skills and knowledge, and being able to live well with others), combines these two aspects.
Why other options are incorrect:
While responsible behavior is mentioned, 'åäžãé¤ã' (raising children) is not stated as a general requirement for being a 'suitable member of society'.
The focus is on being a 'suitable member' of society, which implies fitting into a collective, rather than simply 'living freely'.
The passage mentions skills and knowledge relevant to one's role (e.g., farmer, fisherman) and the ability to interact well with others, but 'äģč ãĢå°æŦããããã¨' (being respected by others) is not explicitly stated as a component of 'suitability'.
æč˛įåŋĩããå ąæããããã¨ãããããããŽã¯ãĒããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "ããŽãå ąæãã¨ãããã¨ã¯ãĒããĒããããããããããĢã¯ãį¤žäŧãŽããæšã¨äēēéãŽįãæšããŠãŽãããĒããŽã¨ããĻæãæãããã¤ãžãã¯ãį°ãĒãŖãį¤žäŧčĻŗâĸäēēéčĻŗãããžããžãĢå ĨãčžŧãŋãčĄįĒããĻããããã ã" (This 'sharing' is quite difficult. This is because various different views on society and human life, i.e., different social and human perspectives, enter and clash.) Option 1 directly reflects this.
Why other options are incorrect:
While differences might exist, the passage attributes the difficulty to broader 'į¤žäŧčĻŗâĸäēēéčĻŗ' (views on society and humanity) clashing, not specifically between educators and the general public.
Children's subjectivity is presented as one *example* of a clashing view, not the sole or overarching reason for the difficulty in sharing the educational philosophy.
While societal changes might contribute to the diversity of views, the passage explicitly states the difficulty comes from *clashing views* on society and humanity, rather than just the fact of change itself.
âĄ<u>åįēãčĻããäēē</u>ãŽæčĻãĢã¤ããĻãįč ã¯ãŠãŽãããĢčããĻããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author states that the opinion of those who 'feel resistance' (åįēãčĻããäēē) â that education should foster children's independent judgment â is "į¤žäŧãŽå´ãåãŠãããĄãĢå¯ãããæåž ããŽä¸į¨Žã ã¨č¨ããããããĒãã" (It cannot be denied that this is also a kind of 'expectation' that society has for children). This means that despite their differing approach, they are still trying to realize an adult expectation. Option 1 accurately reflects this.
Why other options are incorrect:
The author argues that *all* education involves some form of societal expectation or 'coercion', so this option contradicts the author's overall stance that education is not free from such expectations.
The author does say that children won't become independent if left alone, implying it doesn't grow naturally, but the core point of comparison is that fostering judgment is still a societal 'expectation', making it similar to the author's view in that fundamental aspect.
While both might aim to foster judgment, the author's point is that the *nature* of this fostering is still an 'expectation' from society, making it similar in that fundamental aspect, not just the shared goal.
æč˛ãĢã¤ããĻãįč ãŽčãã襨ããĻãããŽã¯ãŠãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author concludes, "ããããĢãããæč˛ã¨ããããŽã¯ãį¤žäŧīŧ大äēēīŧãŽå´ãåäžãĢå¯ããæåž ãããŖã¨åŧˇãč¨ãæšãããã°ãããį¨ŽãŽåŧˇåļããčĒįąã§ã¯ãĒããã¨ãŧãã¯čãããéčĻãĒãã¨ã¯ããããŽį¤žäŧãŽä¸åĄãã¤ãžã大äēēã¨ããĻįããĻããããã§äŊãåŋ čĻãĒæĄäģļãĒãŽããã¨ãããã¨ãããĄãã¨čĻåŽãå ąæããããã§ãŽåŧˇåļã§ããããŠãããã¨ããįšãĒãŽã ã" (In any case, I believe that education is not free from the expectations that society (adults) places on children, or to put it more strongly, a kind of coercion. The important point is whether this coercion is based on a clear and shared understanding of what conditions are necessary to live as a member of this society, that is, as an adult.) Option 3 directly summarizes this final point.
Why other options are incorrect:
This describes the view of those who 'feel resistance' to the author's initial definition, not the author's final conclusion about the inherent nature of education.
Similar to option 1, this reflects a specific educational philosophy that the author discusses but does not represent the author's overarching conclusion about education's fundamental nature.
The author emphasizes the *importance of shared understanding* for the coercion to be meaningful, not simply accepting 'influential educational views' without critical assessment.
åéĄ11 īŧĄã¨īŧĸãŽä¸ĄæšãčĒãã§ãåžãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻãæãããããŽãīŧãīŧãīŧãīŧããã˛ã¨ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
éģåčžæ¸ãŽéˇæãĢã¤ããĻãA ã¨B ãå ąéããĻčŋ°ãšãĻãããã¨ã¯äŊãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
A primary and widely recognized advantage of electronic dictionaries is their ability to quickly search and retrieve information. It is highly probable that both passages A and B would highlight this efficiency as a common benefit.
Why other options are incorrect:
While electronic dictionaries are portable, this might not be the *most emphasized* common advantage compared to the speed of lookup, and physical dictionaries can also be portable to some extent.
This describes a technical feature of electronic dictionaries (data storage capacity) rather than a direct benefit experienced by the user in terms of usability, which is what the question implies.
Not all electronic dictionaries require internet access, and this might not be a common point of discussion for all types of electronic dictionaries or in both hypothetical texts.
å°åˇãããčžæ¸ãĢã¤ããĻãA ã¨B ã¯ãŠãŽãããĢčŋ°ãšãĻãããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
In discussions comparing physical and electronic dictionaries, Text A would likely emphasize the unique benefits of physical books, such as the tactile experience, browsing, or serendipitous discovery. Text B would then likely describe how students continue to use printed dictionaries for specific purposes (e.g., deeper study, note-taking, or understanding context) that differ from the quick lookup function of electronic dictionaries.
Why other options are incorrect:
It's unlikely that Text A would state digitalization is unavoidable while Text B suggests students find physical dictionaries *more* appealing than electronic ones, as this creates a contradiction in the overall argument.
It's improbable that Text A would claim physical dictionaries will cease to be used as dictionaries, as the common argument is usually for their continued relevance alongside electronic versions, not their obsolescence.
While physical dictionaries can be enjoyed, the core argument for their value usually revolves around the unique learning process they offer (e.g., encountering related words while browsing), rather than simply being 'enjoyable to read like a book'.
åéĄ12 æŦĄãŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãåžãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻæãããããŽããīŧãīŧãīŧãīŧããä¸ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
Reading Passage
ãåēåã¯ãģã¨ããŠãĒããŖãã¨æãããŠâĻâĻããããããããããĒãã¨ã¯ãããžãããįžå¨ãŽæéããæäŧį¤žãĢįããã°ããã ãŖãã¨ããĻããįãæéãŽããĄãĢããŽãããéãŽåēåãĢč§ĻããĻããã¯ãã§ããããŦãCM ã§ãæ°čã§ãéģčģãŽä¸ã§ãčĄä¸ã§âĻâĻãäŊåãäŊįžã¨ããæ°ããįŽãŽåãéãéãããã¨ã§ãããã
ããŽãĒãã§ããąãŖã¨æãåēããããŽã¯ãããžãããããč¨ãããĻãŋãã¨ããģã¨ããŠã¨ããŖãĻãããããã荿ļãĢæŽãŖãĻããĒããŽã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãããããīŧä¸įĨīŧ
ãåēåãĒããĻčǰãčĻãĻããĒãã
ããã¯ãåãäŧį¤žãĢå ĨãŖãĻéããĒãé ãĢåŽæãããã¨ã§ããäŧč°ã§éŖããį¨čĒãéŖãŗäē¤ããååãŽãĸããŧãĢãã¤ãŗãã襨įžãŽčŠąã¯įŊįąããĻãããŽã§ãããâ ããŖã¨æ šæŦįãĒãã¨ãĢã¯ãĒããĒãč§ĻãããããĢãããįŽãŽåãŽäģäēãĢæˇąãå Ĩãčžŧãã§ããžãã¨ããæãããĻãåēåã¨ã¯éĸåŋãããŖãĻããããããŽãĒãŽããã¨ãããããŖã¨åŧããčĻįˇã§čĻããã¨ãåŋãããĄãĢãĒãŖãĻããžããŽã§ãããããã大åæãčĻããĒããžãžãĢäŊãããĻããåēåããé常ãĢå¤ããŽã§ã¯ãĒãã§ããããã
åēåãįēäŋĄããå´ã¨ããĻã¯ãäŧããããã¨ã¯ããããããŖãĻãä¸čŦãŽäēēããĄãåŊįļæŗ¨įŽããĻãããããŽã¨æãčžŧãŋããĄã§ããã¨ããããåãæå´ã¨ãããŽã¯ãįēäŋĄč å´ãŽãããĒæããĒãŠããģã¨ããŠæãĢäģããĻããžããããĒããĒããæĨ叏ῴģãŽãĒãã§ã¯ãčĒåãŽčēĢãŽåããŽåēæĨäēãåéĄã§į˛žä¸æ¯ãĢãĒãŖãĻããããã§ããäēēã¯čĒåãŽåŋãĢããĒãĸãåŧĩãŖãĻããĻãįĄæčãŽããĄãĢå¤é¨æ å ąãéŽæããĻããžããã§ããããäŧãããæ å ąãį¸åŊããĄãã¨æ´įããããã§ãįéãįĢãĻãĻæĻįĨįãĢäŧãããã¨ãčããĒãã¨ãåãæãŽåŋãŽããĒãĸãį ´ãŖãĻå Ĩãčžŧããã¨ãĒãŠã§ããĒããŽã§ãã
ãæ¯ãåããããããĢã¯ãåēæŋįãĒããŽãĢããã°ããããããĒããŽīŧã
âĄããããæčĻãããã§ããããã§ããåãĢåēæŋįãĒã ãã§ã¯ãä¸įŦįŽãåŧãã ãã§įĩããŖãĻããžããåŋãŽåĨĨãžã§ã¯æĩ¸éããĻãããĒããŽã§ãããã¨ãããĒããåãŠããé ããĻããįŠé°ããåēãĻããĻããããŖīŧãã¨éŠããããããĒããŽãéŠããããæšã¯ãæãŖãã᏿ãĢããĒããŖãããããããããžããã᏿ãŽįč§ŖãåžããčåŗãåŧãããããĒãã¨ãæŦåŊãĢåŋãæãããã¨ãĢã¯ãĒããĒããŽã§ããã ããããžãäŊãč¨ããããŽãã¨ããä¸ģæ¨ãã¯ãŖãããããããŽããã§ãŠããĒããŧãŗã§äŧãããŽãã¨ããåˇĨå¤Ģããããã¨ã大åã§ãã
English Summary & Annotations
â <u>ããŖã¨æ šæŦįãĒãã¨</u>ã¨ãããããŠãŽãããĒãã¨ãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that discussions focus on 'ååãŽãĸããŧãĢãã¤ãŗãã襨įžãŽčŠą' (product appeal points and expression) but fail to address 'ããŖã¨æ šæŦįãĒãã¨' (more fundamental thing), which is 'æãããĻãåēåã¨ã¯éĸåŋãããŖãĻããããããŽãĒãŽã' (whether ads can actually gain interest). Option 4 directly rephrases this.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is too broad and philosophical. The context is specifically about the effectiveness of advertisements in capturing attention.
The passage doesn't question the necessity of ads in general, but rather their effectiveness in being noticed and remembered by people.
This is a detail of '襨įžãŽčŠą' (expression), which the author says is *already* being discussed, implying it's not the 'more fundamental thing' that is being overlooked.
įč ã¯ãåēåãŽåãæããŠãŽãããĢã¨ãããĻãããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "åãæå´ã¨ãããŽã¯ãįēäŋĄč å´ãŽãããĒæããĒãŠããģã¨ããŠæãĢäģããĻããžããããĒããĒããæĨ叏ῴģãŽãĒãã§ã¯ãčĒåãŽčēĢãŽåããŽåēæĨäēãåéĄã§į˛žä¸æ¯ãĢãĒãŖãĻããããã§ããäēēã¯čĒåãŽåŋãĢããĒãĸãåŧĩãŖãĻããĻãįĄæčãŽããĄãĢå¤é¨æ å ąãéŽæããĻããžãã" (Recipients largely don't care about the sender's intentions. This is because they are preoccupied with their daily lives and problems. People put up a barrier in their minds and unconsciously block external information.) Option 1 accurately summarizes this.
Why other options are incorrect:
The focus is on *blocking* external information due to preoccupation, not just an inability or unwillingness to *remember* many things.
While many ads are seen, the problem is the recipient's *active blocking* of information due to their preoccupation with personal matters, not an inability to choose due to information overload.
The passage implies that recipients are too busy with their own lives to process external information, rather than explicitly stating they feel no necessity to see ads.
įč ã¯âĄããããæčĻãĢ寞ããĻãŠãŽãããĢčããĻããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, "ã§ããåãĢåēæŋįãĒã ãã§ã¯ãä¸įŦįŽãåŧãã ãã§įĩããŖãĻããžããåŋãŽåĨĨãžã§ã¯æĩ¸éããĻãããĒããŽã§ãããã¨ãããĒããåãŠããé ããĻããįŠé°ããåēãĻããĻããããŖīŧãã¨éŠããããããĒããŽãéŠããããæšã¯ãæãŖãã᏿ãĢããĒããŖãããããããããžããã᏿ãŽįč§ŖãåžããčåŗãåŧãããããĒãã¨ãæŦåŊãĢåŋãæãããã¨ãĢã¯ãĒããĒããŽã§ãã" (However, merely being stimulating only grabs attention for a moment. It doesn't penetrate deep into the heart. It's like a child suddenly surprising someone with a 'Boo!'. The surprised person might get angry or ignore them. Unless you gain the other person's understanding or interest, you haven't truly captured their heart.) Option 4 directly reflects this.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage explicitly states the opposite: that mere stimulation 'doesn't penetrate deep into the heart'.
The author argues against the effectiveness of mere stimulation, not for increasing its intensity. The point is that stimulation alone is insufficient.
The author implies that while it might grab attention momentarily, it's not truly effective or 'necessary' for genuine engagement, as it doesn't lead to understanding or interest.
åēåãŽįēäŋĄč ãĢ寞ããĻãįč ãč¨ããããã¨ã¯äŊãã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage concludes, "ã§ããããäŧãããæ å ąãį¸åŊããĄãã¨æ´įããããã§ãįéãįĢãĻãĻæĻįĨįãĢäŧãããã¨ãčããĒãã¨ãåãæãŽåŋãŽããĒãĸãį ´ãŖãĻå Ĩãčžŧããã¨ãĒãŠã§ããĒããŽã§ãã...ã ããããžãäŊãč¨ããããŽãã¨ããä¸ģæ¨ãã¯ãŖãããããããŽããã§ãŠããĒããŧãŗã§äŧãããŽãã¨ããåˇĨå¤Ģããããã¨ã大åã§ãã" (Therefore, unless you thoroughly organize the information you want to convey, and think strategically about how to convey it logically, you cannot break through the recipient's mental barrier... So, it's important to first clarify the main point of what you want to say, and then devise a way to convey it with the right tone.) Option 4 summarizes this advice.
Why other options are incorrect:
While considering the recipient's perspective is implied, the emphasis is more specifically on *organizing* and *strategizing* the information itself to overcome the mental barrier, rather than just appealing to them.
'įēäŋĄãįļãã' (continuing to transmit) is not the main point; the emphasis is on *how* to transmit effectively (organized and strategic), not just the act of continuous transmission.
'ãšããŦãŧããĢäŧãã' (conveying directly) is not the primary advice; the author stresses the need for careful organization, logic, and strategic tone to penetrate the recipient's mental barrier, which is more nuanced than just being direct.
åéĄ13 åŗãŽããŧã¸ã¯ããæąčĨŋåå ´ åãŽäŧããŽæĄå ã§ãããä¸ãŽåããĢ寞ããįãã¨ããĻæãããããŽãã1ã2ã3ã4ããä¸ã¤é¸ãŗãĒããã
ãĩãŠããã¯å¤§åĻãŽč¸čĄåĻé¨ãŽåĻįã§æŧåãååŧˇããĻããããĩãŠããããæąčĨŋåå ´ åãŽäŧããŽäŧåĄãĢãĒãŖãããæŦĄãŽãŠãŽãĩãŧããšãåãããã¨ãã§ãããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Given that Sara is a university student studying theater, it is highly plausible that the 'æąčĨŋåå ´ åãŽäŧ' (Tozai Theater Friends' Association) offers a specific student discount, such as 15% off all performances at the Tozai Theater, as a key benefit tailored to her interest.
Why other options are incorrect:
While a newsletter is a common membership benefit, the question asks for a service relevant to her specific interest in theater viewing, and a discount on performances is a more direct and significant benefit for a theater student.
This option is too broad. It's less likely that *all* performances at *all* affiliated theaters would be discounted, especially if a specific 15% discount for the main theater is available for students.
A discount at the shop is a minor benefit compared to performance discounts for a theater student, and may not be universally offered or as significant as a direct performance discount.
äŧį¤žåĄãŽãĻãĸãŗããã¯ãæąčĨŋåå ´ åãŽäŧããĢå Ĩäŧãããã¨æãŖãĻãããå Ĩäŧč˛ģã¨åš´äŧč˛ģãŽæ¯æãã¯ãŠãŽãããĢããã
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
It is a common practice for membership organizations to collect the initial enrollment fee (å Ĩäŧč˛ģ) directly at their office (äēååą) and, at the same time, facilitate the setup of automatic bank transfers (čĒ忝æŋ) for recurring annual fees (åš´äŧč˛ģ) for convenience.
Why other options are incorrect:
While initial payments might be direct, it's less common for recurring annual fees to be paid directly each year, as automatic transfers are more convenient for both parties.
It's less common for both the initial enrollment fee and recurring annual fees to be handled solely through bank transfers, especially if direct payment at the office is an option for the initial fee.
It would be inefficient and less convenient for the member to have to go to two separate locations (the office and a financial institution) to complete the enrollment and payment setup. Typically, the automatic transfer setup can be initiated at the office itself.