2015/07 JLPT N1 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
言語知識(文字、語彙、文法) 問題1 __の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
1. 申込書にパスポートのコピーを<u>添付</u>した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
添付 (てんぷ) is the correct reading for the kanji 添付, which means 'attachment' or 'to attach'. The sentence means 'I attached a copy of my passport to the application form.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 添付.
This is an incorrect reading for 添付.
This is an incorrect reading for 添付.
2. 学生に<u>慕われる</u>教師になりたい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
慕われる (したわれる) is the passive form of 慕う (したう), meaning 'to be adored' or 'to be looked up to'. The sentence means 'I want to become a teacher who is adored by students.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the passive form of 従う (したがう), meaning 'to be obeyed' or 'to be followed'. It doesn't fit the nuance of admiration.
This is the passive form of 敬う (うやまう), meaning 'to be respected'. While similar, 慕う implies more affection and longing, whereas 敬う is more about formal respect.
This is the passive form of 伴う (ともなう), meaning 'to be accompanied by'. It is unrelated to the meaning of the sentence.
3. 商品に<u>破損</u>があった場合は交換いたします。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
破損 (はそん) is the correct reading for the kanji 破損, which means 'damage' or 'breakage'. The sentence means 'If there is any damage to the product, we will exchange it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 破損.
This is an incorrect reading for 破損.
This is an incorrect reading for 破損.
4. この件は、すでに部長の<u>承諾</u>を得ている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
承諾 (しょうだく) is the correct reading for the kanji 承諾, which means 'consent' or 'approval'. The sentence means 'This matter has already received the manager's approval.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 承諾.
承認 (しょうにん) also means 'approval', but 承諾 is more about giving consent to a request or proposal, while 承認 is more about recognizing or approving something officially. In this context, 承諾 is the more natural fit.
This is an incorrect reading for 承諾.
5. 庭に<u>淡い</u>とピンクの花が咲いている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
淡い (あわい) is the correct reading for the kanji 淡い, which means 'light', 'pale', or 'faint'. The sentence means 'Pale pink flowers are blooming in the garden.'
Why other options are incorrect:
浅い (あさい) means 'shallow'.
儚い (はかない) means 'fleeting' or 'transient'.
清い (きよい) means 'pure' or 'clean'.
6. 個々の事情を考えず、<u>画一的</u>に判断するのはよくない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
画一的 (かくいつてき) is the correct reading for the kanji 画一的, which means 'uniform' or 'standardized'. The sentence means 'It's not good to make uniform judgments without considering individual circumstances.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 画一的.
This is an incorrect reading for 画一的.
This is an incorrect reading for 画一的.
問題2 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
7. 現在、工場にあるすべての機械を24時間( )させて、生産量を増やしている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
稼働 (かどう) means 'operation' or 'working (of machinery)'. It is the most appropriate word to describe machines running continuously. The sentence means 'Currently, we are operating all machines in the factory 24 hours a day to increase production.'
Why other options are incorrect:
展開 (てんかい) means 'development' or 'unfolding'. It does not fit the context of machines working.
起動 (きどう) means 'startup' or 'activation'. It refers to the act of starting, not continuous operation.
運行 (うんこう) means 'operation' or 'running', but it is typically used for vehicles, trains, or services, not general machinery.
8. 世界中でインターネットの利用者数が ( )勢いで伸びている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
すさまじい means 'tremendous', 'terrific', or 'amazing'. It describes something extreme in scale or intensity, which fits the context of rapid growth. The sentence means 'The number of internet users worldwide is growing at a tremendous pace.'
Why other options are incorrect:
慌ただしい (あわただしい) means 'busy' or 'hectic'. It describes a state of being busy, not a rate of growth.
やかましい means 'noisy' or 'strict'. It is unrelated to the context of growth.
勇ましい (いさましい) means 'brave' or 'courageous'. It describes a person's character, not a rate of growth.
9. 海外に赴任したときは、言葉や習慣の違いから様々な困難に( )した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
直面 (ちょくめん) する means 'to face' or 'to confront (a problem, difficulty)'. This is the most suitable verb for encountering difficulties. The sentence means 'When I was assigned overseas, I faced various difficulties due to differences in language and customs.'
Why other options are incorrect:
隣接 (りんせつ) means 'adjoining' or 'bordering'. It refers to physical proximity, not confronting problems.
近接 (きんせつ) means 'proximity' or 'nearness'. Similar to 隣接, it refers to physical closeness.
対面 (たいめん) means 'face-to-face meeting'. It refers to meeting a person, not facing difficulties.
10. 失敗は誰にでもあるのだから、いつまでも( )していないで、元気を出してよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
くよくよ (する) is an onomatopoeic word meaning 'to worry oneself sick', 'to fret', or 'to mope'. It perfectly fits the context of someone dwelling on mistakes. The sentence means 'Everyone makes mistakes, so don't keep fretting about it, cheer up!'
Why other options are incorrect:
のろのろ means 'slowly' or 'sluggishly'. It describes movement, not a state of mind.
ひっそり means 'quietly' or 'stealthily'. It describes a quiet state or action, not worrying.
ふんわり means 'softly', 'lightly', or 'fluffily'. It describes texture or feeling, not worrying.
11. 二つの発表は優劣をつけがたいが、( ) 選ぶなら後者のほうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
しいて means 'if I had to', 'by force', or 'against one's will'. It implies making a choice when there isn't a clear preference or it's difficult. The sentence means 'It's hard to choose between the two presentations, but if I had to choose, I'd pick the latter.'
Why other options are incorrect:
よほど means 'very', 'much', or 'considerably'. It doesn't fit the nuance of making a difficult choice.
いっそう means 'even more' or 'still more'. It doesn't fit the context of making a forced choice.
いかにも means 'indeed', 'surely', or 'as expected'. It doesn't fit the context of making a difficult choice.
12. 以下の条件に一つでも( )する人は、必ず事務室に申し出てください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
該当 (がいとう) する means 'to apply to', 'to correspond to', or 'to fall under (a category)'. It is the correct verb for meeting conditions. The sentence means 'Anyone who meets even one of the following conditions must report to the office.'
Why other options are incorrect:
順応 (じゅんのう) means 'adaptation' or 'conformity'. It refers to adjusting to circumstances, not meeting conditions.
相当 (そうとう) means 'suitable', 'considerable', or 'equivalent'. It is not used in the context of meeting conditions.
適応 (てきおう) means 'adaptation' or 'adjustment'. Similar to 順応, it refers to adjusting to circumstances.
13. 机の上に置いたはずのレポートが見つからないが、ほかの書類や資料にて( )しまったのだろうか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
紛れて (まぎれて) is the te-form of 紛れる (まぎれる), meaning 'to be mixed up with' or 'to get lost among'. This fits the context of a report being lost among other documents. The sentence means 'I can't find the report that should be on the desk; I wonder if it got mixed up with other documents and materials.'
Why other options are incorrect:
なじんで is the te-form of 馴染む (なじむ), meaning 'to become familiar with' or 'to blend in'. It doesn't fit the context of something being lost.
絡んで is the te-form of 絡む (からむ), meaning 'to entangle' or 'to get involved with'. It doesn't fit the context of a report being lost.
おさまって is the te-form of 収まる (おさまる), meaning 'to settle down' or 'to be contained'. It doesn't fit the context of a report being lost.
問題3 の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
14. 作品が<u>仕上がったら</u>知らせてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
仕上がる (しあがる) means 'to be finished' or 'to be completed'. 完成する (かんせいする) means 'to complete' or 'to finish'. Therefore, 完成したら is the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'Please let me know when the work is finished.'
Why other options are incorrect:
届いたら (とどいたら) means 'if it arrives'.
売れたら (うれたら) means 'if it sells'.
受賞したら (じゅしょうしたら) means 'if it wins an award'.
15. 両チームの力は<u>互角</u>だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
互角 (ごかく) means 'equal', 'even', or 'on par'. 大体同じだ (だいたいおなじだ) means 'roughly the same' or 'about equal', which is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'The two teams are evenly matched.'
Why other options are incorrect:
徐々に離れている (じょじょにはなれている) means 'gradually separating'.
全然違う (ぜんぜんちがう) means 'completely different'.
徐々に近づいている (じょじょにちかづいている) means 'gradually approaching'.
16. お客様からの<u>クレーム</u>に対応するのが鈴木さんの仕事です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
クレーム is a loanword from English 'claim', but in Japanese, it primarily means 'complaint'. 苦情 (くじょう) means 'complaint'. Therefore, 苦情 is the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'Suzuki's job is to handle customer complaints.'
Why other options are incorrect:
返品 (へんぴん) means 'returned goods'.
注文 (ちゅうもん) means 'order'.
質問 (しつもん) means 'question'.
17. 私は職業柄、様々な企業からビジネスに関する<u>助言</u>を求められる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
助言 (じょげん) means 'advice' or 'suggestion'. アドバイス is the English loanword for 'advice', which is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'Due to my profession, I am asked for business advice from various companies.'
Why other options are incorrect:
インタビュー means 'interview'.
プレゼン is short for 'presentation'.
トレーニング means 'training'.
18. そんなことを言われたら、佐藤さんが<u>錯覚</u>のもしかたがない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
錯覚 (さっかく) する means 'to have an illusion', 'to be mistaken', or 'to misunderstand'. 勘違いする (かんちがいする) means 'to misunderstand' or 'to make a mistake', which is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'If you say something like that, it's no wonder Sato-san would be mistaken.'
Why other options are incorrect:
疑う (うたがう) means 'to doubt' or 'to suspect'.
焦る (あせる) means 'to be in a hurry' or 'to panic'.
油断する (ゆだんする) means 'to be careless' or 'to be off guard'.
19. 観光客が<u>殺到</u>した理由は、そのニュース報道にあったらしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
殺到 (さっとう) する means 'to rush', 'to flock', or 'to inundate (a place)'. 一度に大勢来た (いちどにおおぜいきた) means 'many people came at once', which accurately describes the meaning of 殺到. The sentence means 'The reason tourists flocked there seems to have been that news report.'
Why other options are incorrect:
急に来なくなった (きゅうにこなくなった) means 'suddenly stopped coming'.
増え続けた (ふえつづけた) means 'continued to increase'.
減り続けた (へりつづけた) means 'continued to decrease'.
問題4 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
20. <u>没頭</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
没頭 (ぼっとう) する means 'to be absorbed in', 'to be engrossed in', or 'to immerse oneself in'. It implies deep concentration and dedication to an activity. Option 4 correctly uses 没頭 to describe being deeply absorbed in research, even sacrificing sleep.
Why other options are incorrect:
没頭 is not used with feelings like 充実感 (sense of fulfillment). One is immersed in an activity, not a feeling.
While one can be dedicated to treatment, 没頭 usually implies a more active, intellectual, or creative absorption. 専念 (せんねん: to devote oneself) or 集中 (しゅうちゅう: to concentrate) might be more natural for treatment.
没頭 is not used with 地位 (ちい: position/status). One is not 'absorbed in a position'.
21. <u>人手</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
人手 (ひとで) means 'manpower' or 'help'. Option 3 correctly uses 人手 to mean that help or manpower is needed for festival preparations. The sentence means 'Festival preparations require manpower, so we are looking for people to help.'
Why other options are incorrect:
人手 is not used to mean 'head of the family' or 'breadwinner'. 大黒柱 (だいこくばしら) or 稼ぎ手 (かせぎて) would be appropriate.
人手 refers to the *need* for labor or the *availability* of labor, not the people themselves who lose jobs. 人材 (じんざい: human resources) or 従業員 (じゅうぎょういん: employees) would be more suitable.
Similar to option 2, 人手 is not used for 'talented individuals' or 'employees'. 人材 (じんざい) would be correct.
22. <u>今更</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
今更 (いまさら) means 'now, at this late stage' or 'after all this time'. It implies that it's too late or pointless to do something now. Option 2 correctly uses 今更 to convey that it's difficult to change a long-standing habit 'now, at this late stage'.
Why other options are incorrect:
今更 doesn't fit here. 未だに (いまだに: still, even now) or いまだ (still) would be more appropriate.
今更 is incorrect here. 今にも (いまにも: at any moment) would be suitable to describe something looking like it's about to move.
今更 is incorrect. 今や (いまや: now, at present) would be appropriate to mean 'now, he is the central figure'.
23. <u>くまなく</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
くまなく means 'everywhere', 'all over', 'without exception', or 'thoroughly'. Option 1 correctly uses くまなく to mean searching 'everywhere' or 'thoroughly' in the house. The sentence means 'I searched the entire house thoroughly, but in the end, I couldn't find the key.'
Why other options are incorrect:
くまなく is incorrect. 一律に (いちりつに: uniformly) or すべて (all) would be appropriate.
くまなく is incorrect. すべて (all) or 残らず (のこらず: without leaving anything) would be appropriate.
くまなく is incorrect. すべて (all) or 一人残らず (ひとりのこらず: every single person) would be appropriate.
24. <u>安静</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
安静 (あんせい) means 'rest', 'quietness', or 'keeping still'. It is often used in medical contexts. Option 3 correctly uses 安静 to advise someone with a high fever to rest and keep still. The sentence means 'When you have a high fever, please don't overexert yourself and rest quietly.'
Why other options are incorrect:
安静 is incorrect. 落ち着く (おちつく: to calm down) or 静かになる (しずかになる: to become quiet) would be appropriate.
安静 is incorrect. 冷静な (れいせいな: calm, cool-headed) or 的確な (てきかくな: accurate, precise) would be appropriate for judgment.
安静 is incorrect. 静かで (しずかで: quiet) or 穏やかで (おだやかで: calm, peaceful) would be appropriate to describe a place.
25. <u>統合</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
統合 (とうごう) する means 'to integrate', 'to unify', or 'to combine'. Option 1 correctly uses 統合 to mean combining related departments to reorganize the operational structure. The sentence means 'From next fiscal year, related departments will be integrated, and the operational structure will be reorganized.'
Why other options are incorrect:
統合 is incorrect. 合計 (ごうけい) する (to total) or 集計 (しゅうけい) する (to tally) would be appropriate for summing up costs.
統合 is incorrect. 統一 (とういつ) する (to unify, to standardize) or まとめる (to put together) would be appropriate for unifying colors.
統合 is incorrect. 合流 (ごうりゅう) する (to merge, to join up) would be appropriate for groups meeting.
問題5 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
26. 世間はオリンピックの話題で盛り上がっているが、私はオリンピックには( ) 興味がない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
まるで ~ ない is a common grammar pattern meaning 'not at all' or 'not in the least'. It emphasizes a complete lack of something. The sentence means 'The world is excited about the Olympics, but I have no interest in them at all.'
Why other options are incorrect:
とうとう means 'finally' or 'at last'. It doesn't fit the context of expressing a complete lack of interest.
二度と means 'never again'. It doesn't fit the context of current interest.
たとえ means 'even if'. It requires a conditional clause and doesn't fit the structure.
27. みんな「幸せになりたい。」と言うが、そもそも何( )幸せとするのだろうか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜をもって can mean 'with', 'by means of', or 'as of (a time/date)'. In this context, 何をもって幸せとする means 'what does one consider as happiness' or 'what does one define as happiness'. The sentence means 'Everyone says 'I want to be happy,' but what exactly do they consider happiness to be?'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜に向けて means 'towards' or 'for (a goal)'. It doesn't fit the meaning of defining something.
〜をめぐって means 'concerning' or 'around (a topic)'. It doesn't fit the meaning of defining something.
〜につれて means 'as... (changes), so does...'. It expresses a correlation, which is not the meaning here.
28. (女優に対するインタビューで) A「女優になろうと思われたきっかけは何だったんですか。」 B「高校生のときに初めて見たお芝居に感動して、女優になろうと決めたんです。あのときあのお芝居を( )、女優になることはなかったと思います。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ていなければ (negative conditional) means 'if I hadn't seen'. This expresses a counterfactual condition, meaning that if the play hadn't been seen, the outcome (becoming an actress) would not have happened. The sentence means 'If I hadn't seen that play at that time, I don't think I would have become an actress.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜としたら means 'if I had seen (hypothetical)'. This implies a possibility, not a counterfactual situation where something *didn't* happen.
〜ようが means 'whether I see it or not'. It expresses indifference or a lack of influence, which contradicts the speaker's strong conviction.
〜なかったにしろ means 'even if I hadn't seen it'. This implies that even without seeing it, something else might have happened, which contradicts the speaker's strong conviction that seeing the play was the trigger.
29. 調査の結果、南北川の水質汚染の原因はA社の工場にあることが明らかになったにもかかわらず、A社は決してそれ を ( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ようとはしない means 'does not try to do', 'does not intend to do', or 'refuses to do'. Combined with 決して (absolutely not), it means Company A absolutely refused to admit it. The sentence means 'Despite the investigation revealing that Company A's factory was the cause of water pollution in the Nanboku River, Company A absolutely refused to admit it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜ほかはなかった means 'had no choice but to admit'. This contradicts 決して (absolutely not).
認めないでもなかった is a double negative, meaning 'it wasn't that they didn't admit it', which implies they *did* admit it to some extent. This contradicts 決して.
〜ねばならなかった means 'had to admit'. This contradicts 決して.
30. 学生時代によく通ったこの喫茶店に来ると、あのころのことが昨日のことのように( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
思い出される (おもいだされる) is the spontaneous/passive form of 思い出す (おもいだす), meaning 'to be reminded of' or 'to recall (naturally)'. The context implies a natural, spontaneous recollection when visiting the place. The sentence means 'When I come to this coffee shop, which I often visited during my student days, I am reminded of those times as if they were yesterday.'
Why other options are incorrect:
思い出す means 'to recall (actively)'. The context implies a natural, spontaneous recollection, not an active effort to remember.
思い出すだろう means 'will probably recall'. This is an incorrect tense/nuance for a habitual action.
思い出させた is the causative form, meaning 'made me recall'. This is grammatically incorrect and doesn't fit the context.
31. 日本近海で海水の酸性化が認められたという。海の生態系に大きな影響が ( )遅い。早急な対策が求められる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜てからでは遅い is a common grammar pattern meaning 'once X happens, it's too late'. This fits the context of needing urgent measures before a major impact occurs. The sentence means 'It is said that seawater acidification has been observed near Japan. Once a major impact on the marine ecosystem appears, it will be too late. Urgent measures are required.'
Why other options are incorrect:
出たせいなのかは means 'is it because it appeared?'. This is grammatically incorrect and doesn't fit the flow of the sentence.
出てしまうかは means 'whether it will appear'. This doesn't fit the 'too late' structure.
出たばかりでは means 'just after it appeared'. This doesn't fit the 'too late' structure and implies a different nuance.
32. 高さ700メートルを超すこの超高層ビルは、高成長を続けるA国の象徴 ( )存在となっている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ともいうべき means 'what one might call' or 'what could be called'. It's used to describe something that is truly representative or deserving of a certain name. This fits the context of the skyscraper being a symbol. The sentence means 'This skyscraper, over 700 meters tall, has become what one might call a symbol of Country A, which continues its high growth.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜にするべく means 'in order to make it'. This implies an intention or purpose, not a description of its current state.
があるらしい means 'seems to have'. This is grammatically incorrect in this context.
〜でもなるような means 'like it could become'. This is less definitive and strong than ともいうべき, and doesn't fit the established symbolic status.
33. 初めて自分でみそを作った。実際に作ってみて、時間はかかるが、意外と簡単に( )と思った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ものだ can express a realization or discovery, often with a sense of surprise or unexpectedness, like 'It turns out that...' or 'It's possible to...'. This fits the speaker's realization that making miso is surprisingly easy. The sentence means 'I made miso myself for the first time. After actually trying it, I realized that although it takes time, it's surprisingly easy to make.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜までだ means 'it's just a matter of doing X'. It doesn't fit the nuance of realization or discovery.
〜に限る means 'it's best to do X'. It expresses a recommendation, not a personal realization.
〜だけのことはある means 'it was worth doing X'. It expresses that the effort was worthwhile, which is not the primary nuance here.
34. (レストランで) 妻「ねえ、森さんは 30分くらい遅れるんだって。」 夫「じゃあ、先に食べ物、( )。お腹がすいててさ。」 妻「そうだね。食べながら森さん待とう。」 夫「うん。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
頼んじゃわないか is a casual suggestion or invitation to do something quickly or without hesitation. 頼んじゃう is a contraction of 頼んでしまう (to order quickly/completely), and 〜ないか is a suggestion. The husband is hungry and suggests ordering food without waiting. The sentence means 'Wife: 'Hey, Mori-san is going to be about 30 minutes late.' Husband: 'Then, why don't we go ahead and order food? I'm hungry.' Wife: 'Okay. Let's eat while we wait for Mori-san.' Husband: 'Yeah.'
Why other options are incorrect:
頼んどけないよ (頼んでおけないよ) means 'we can't order in advance'. This contradicts the husband's desire to eat.
頼んどかないで (頼んでおかないで) means 'don't order in advance'. This is a request not to order, which contradicts the husband's hunger.
頼んじゃうんじゃないよね means 'we shouldn't order quickly, right?'. This is a rhetorical question implying the opposite of what the husband wants.
35. 田中「部長、先日提出した書類なんですが、あれで大丈夫でしょうか。」 部長「あ、ごめん。まだ見てない。」 回中「そうですか。すみませんが、なるべく早く( )。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ていただけると助かるんですが is a polite and indirect way to make a request, meaning 'It would be helpful if you could look at it.' The 〜んですが adds a soft, hesitant nuance, making it very appropriate for a subordinate speaking to a superior. The sentence means 'Tanaka: 'Manager, about the document I submitted the other day, is it okay?' Manager: 'Oh, sorry. I haven't looked at it yet.' Tanaka: 'I see. Excuse me, but it would be helpful if you could look at it as soon as possible.'
Why other options are incorrect:
見ていただくんでしょうか is a direct question about the manager's intention ('Will you look at it for me?'), which might be too direct or demanding in this context.
見ていだだいたと思うんですが means 'I think you looked at it for me'. This implies a belief that the manager *has already* looked at it, which contradicts the manager's statement 'まだ見てない (haven't seen it yet)'.
見ていただいてはいかがでしょうか means 'How about you look at it for me?'. While polite, いかがでしょうか is often used for suggestions or offering something, rather than making a request for a favor.
問題6 次の文の_★_に入る最もよいものを、1234から一つ選びなさい。
36. 新入社員には、一斉研修よりも現場で直接指導したほうがいい。例えば、 ___ _★_ ___ ___現場だと場面に応じて指導できるので、成長も早い。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order to complete the sentence is: メールの書き方 ひとつに してもそうで. The full sentence is: 新入社員には、一斉研修よりも現場で直接指導したほうがいい。例えば、メールの書き方ひとつにしてもそうで、現場だと場面に応じて指導できるので、成長も早い。 The phrase 〜ひとつにしても means 'even just X' or 'even X alone', emphasizing that even a small example like email writing benefits from on-site guidance. The sentence means 'For new employees, it's better to provide direct guidance on-site rather than group training. For example, even just with email writing, on-site training allows for guidance according to the situation, so their growth is faster.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct grammatical structure 'ひとつにしても' but cannot stand alone as the star part.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
37. 僕みたいに ___ ___ _★_ ___ かもしれないが、僕は、お金よりもやりがいを重視して仕事を選んだほうが、幸せになれると思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order to complete the sentence is: 働いたことがない学生が 言っても 説得力がない. The full sentence is: 僕みたいに働いたことがない学生が言っても説得力がないかもしれないが、僕は、お金よりもやりがいを重視して仕事を選んだほうが、幸せになれると思う。 The phrase 〜と言っても説得力がない means 'even if I say X, it lacks persuasiveness'. The sentence means 'It might lack persuasiveness coming from a student like me who has never worked, but I think choosing a job that prioritizes fulfillment over money leads to more happiness.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
38. (本のあとがきで)みなさんが国際経済を理解するために、この本が ___ ___ _★_ ___ 喜びはありません。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order to complete the sentence is: 少しでもお役に立てば 著者として これ以上の. The full sentence is: (本のあとがきで)みなさんが国際経済を理解するために、この本が少しでもお役に立てば著者としてこれ以上の喜びはありません。 The phrase 〜ば、これ以上の喜びはない means 'if X happens, there is no greater joy than this'. The sentence means '(In the afterword of the book) As the author, there would be no greater joy than if this book could be of even a little help to you all in understanding international economics.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
39. 先生「今からディスカッションを始めますが、一つ注意点があります。___ ___ _★_ ___ 聞くようにしてください。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order to complete the sentence is: 相手が言っていることに 反論したくなっても まずは相手の話を. The full sentence is: 先生「今からディスカッションを始めますが、一つ注意点があります。相手が言っていることに反論したくなってもまずは相手の話を聞くようにしてください。」 The phrase 〜ても means 'even if'. The sentence means 'Teacher: 'We will start the discussion now, but there's one point of caution. Even if you feel like refuting what the other person is saying, please first try to listen to what they have to say.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
40. 出張の帰りに空港の売店で、家族 ___ ___ _★_ ___、 人気の紅茶クッキーを買った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order to complete the sentence is: へのお土産 に と. The full sentence is: 出張の帰りに空港の売店で、家族へのお土産にと、人気の紅茶クッキーを買った。 The phrase 〜に〜と is a common pattern meaning 'as X, and also with the intention of Y'. Here, 家族へのお土産に means 'as a souvenir for my family,' and と indicates the intention or purpose. The sentence means 'On the way back from my business trip, at the airport shop, I bought popular black tea cookies as a souvenir for my family.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
This option is part of the correct sentence but is not the part that goes into the star position.
問題7 次の文章を読んの中に入るのよいものを、1・2・3・4から 一つ選びなさい
Reading Passage
貧困問題や格差問題は、個人単位で語られることが一般的だった。本書は、日本の格差研究の第一人者が、夫婦単位で格差問題を考えることの重要性を訴えるもの【41】。
これまで経済学の研究者の間では、結婚は所得格差を縮小するという説が有力だった。その理由は、夫の稼ぎの多寡が妻の就労に影響すると考えられてきたからである。【42】、夫の所得が多ければ、妻は専業主婦となり、逆に少なければ妻が家計を助けるため働きに出るということだ。
著者らはさまざまな統計を駆使しつつ、この仮説の妥当性を検証していく。まず、近年では、夫の所得が増えても妻の有業率が下がっていないことを示す。結婚後も女性が働きつつけるここが以前より一般的に【43】。次に、働いている妻の所得格差が年々大きくなっていることから、妻の就業によって夫婦の所得格差は広がる可能性が高いことを示す。そして、日本にも高所得者同士のパワーカップル、低所得者同士のウィークカップルが少なからず存在するため、夫婦単位の所得格差にさらに拍車がかかっていると説明する。【44】生まれる格差は若年夫婦で群を抜いて大きい。
離婚が所得格差に与える影響を分析しているのも本書の特徴だ。外国と異なり、日本では低学歴のカップルほど離婚率が高いという。さらに、夫の失業も離婚率を高める原因となるそうだ。これらはともに貧困につながる。「金の切れ目が縁の切れ目」と著者はいうが、なんともやりきれない気持ちにさせる。
このように格差や貧困をテーマとするだけに、本書にはどうしても暗い話題が多くなりがちだ。しかし、それでも最後まで読者を引きつけるのは、その行間から経済的弱者に対する著者たちのやさしい目線が伝わってくるからだろう。
今後の日本社会のあるべき姿を考える上でも大いに勉強になる【45】。
English Summary & Annotations
【41】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
である is the plain form of です/だ and is commonly used in formal writing, especially in academic or review contexts, to state a fact or conclusion. Here, it states the book's main argument. The sentence means 'This book is one where a leading expert in disparity research in Japan advocates the importance of considering disparity issues in terms of couples.'
Why other options are incorrect:
だからなのか means 'Is it because of that?'. It implies a question or reason, which doesn't fit the declarative nature of the sentence.
であったのか means 'Was it?'. It's past tense and a question, which doesn't fit the context.
だからであろう means 'It is probably because of that'. It implies conjecture, which is not suitable for stating the book's direct argument.
【42】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
すなわち means 'that is to say', 'in other words', or 'namely'. It is used to rephrase or clarify the preceding statement. Here, it clarifies the reason why a husband's income influences his wife's employment. The sentence means 'That is to say, if the husband's income is high, the wife becomes a full-time housewife, and conversely, if it's low, the wife goes out to work to help the household.'
Why other options are incorrect:
もっとも means 'most', 'indeed', or 'although'. It doesn't serve to rephrase or clarify.
しかも means 'moreover' or 'furthermore'. It adds new information, rather than clarifying existing information.
それどころか means 'on the contrary' or 'far from it'. It introduces a contrasting idea, which is not the case here.
【43】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜てきた indicates a change that has been ongoing up to the present. 〜のだ adds an explanatory or emphatic nuance. This fits the description of a trend that has become common over time. The sentence means 'It has become more common than before for women to continue working after marriage.'
Why other options are incorrect:
なると考えるはずだ means 'should think it becomes'. It expresses an expectation or assumption, not a factual trend.
なっていたはずだ means 'should have become'. This is past tense and expresses an assumption about a past state, not an ongoing trend.
なっていると思うのだ means 'I think it has become'. This adds a personal opinion, which is not suitable for a factual statement in a book review.
【44】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
こうして means 'thus', 'in this way', or 'in this manner'. It is used to summarize or conclude based on the preceding information, indicating that the disparity arises as a result of the previously mentioned factors (power/weak couples). The sentence means 'Thus, the disparity that arises is particularly large among young couples.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ああして means 'in that way (referring to something distant or previously mentioned in a different context)'. It doesn't fit the direct consequence implied here.
これらまで means 'up to these'. It's grammatically incorrect in this context.
あれらから means 'from those'. It's grammatically incorrect in this context.
【45】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜といえる means 'can be said to be'. It is used to state a conclusion or evaluation, fitting the context of a book review concluding the book's value. The sentence means 'It can be said to be a very informative book for considering the ideal future of Japanese society.'
Why other options are incorrect:
一冊がいい means 'one book is good'. This is too simple and lacks the evaluative nuance of the review.
一冊でありたい means 'want to be one book'. This expresses a desire, not a conclusion about the book's current state.
一冊を知っている means 'know one book'. This is grammatically incorrect and doesn't fit the context.