2017/07 JLPT N1 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
問題1 _の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
1. この広大な大地を<u>潤す</u>にはまだまだ不十分だった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
潤す (うるおす) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'to moisten', 'to enrich', or 'to wet'. The sentence means 'It was still insufficient to moisten this vast land.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 耕す, which means 'to cultivate' or 'to plow'.
This is the reading for 濡らす, which means 'to wet' or 'to dampen'.
This is the reading for 癒す, which means 'to heal' or 'to soothe'.
2. 使う前に必ず熱湯で<u>殺菌</u>してください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
殺菌 (さっきん) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'sterilization' or 'disinfection'. The sentence means 'Please sterilize it with boiling water before use.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 殺菌.
This is an incorrect reading for 殺菌.
This is an incorrect reading for 殺菌.
3. これが私に<u>託された</u>仕事です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
託された (たくされた) is the correct reading for the kanji 託す, which means 'to entrust' or 'to commit'. The sentence means 'This is the job entrusted to me.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 託された.
This is the reading for 任された, which also means 'entrusted', but uses a different kanji.
This is the reading for 下された, which means 'was given' (from a superior) or 'was handed down'.
4. このコンサートホールは、舞台に向かって床が<u>傾斜</u>している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
傾斜 (けいしゃ) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'slope' or 'inclination'. The sentence means 'The floor of this concert hall slopes towards the stage.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 傾斜.
This is an incorrect reading for 傾斜.
This is an incorrect reading for 傾斜.
5. 毎回のように反対派の人々に<u>阻まれて</u>きた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
阻まれて (はばまれて) is the correct reading for the kanji 阻む, which means 'to obstruct' or 'to hinder'. The sentence means 'I have been hindered by the opposition every time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 睨まれて, which means 'to be glared at'.
This is the reading for 絡まれて, which means 'to be entangled' or 'to be picked on'.
This is the reading for 拒まれて, which means 'to be refused' or 'to be rejected'.
6. 秘密にしていたことを友人に<u>暴露</u>された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
暴露 (ばくろ) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'exposure' or 'disclosure'. The sentence means 'My secret was exposed by a friend.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 暴露.
This is an incorrect reading for 暴露.
This is an incorrect reading for 暴露.
問題2 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
7. この学校は教育の( )として、職業体験活動を授業に取り入れている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
一環 (いっかん) means 'a part of a series' or 'a link in a chain'. '教育の一環として' means 'as part of education', which fits the context of incorporating vocational experience activities into classes.
Why other options are incorrect:
一体 (いったい) means 'one body', 'unity', or 'what on earth'. It does not fit the context of 'part of education'.
内部 (ないぶ) means 'interior' or 'inside'. It does not fit the context.
部門 (ぶもん) means 'division' or 'department'. While related to organization, it does not fit the nuance of 'as a part of' in this sentence.
8. この商品は、特によく売れる時期というものはなく、毎月( )100個ほど売れる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
コンスタントに (constantly) means 'steadily' or 'consistently'. The sentence states there's no specific peak season, so selling 'consistently' around 100 units per month fits perfectly.
Why other options are incorrect:
クリアに (clearly) means 'clearly' or 'plainly'. It does not fit the context of sales volume.
ストレートに (straight) means 'straightforwardly' or 'directly'. It does not fit the context of sales volume.
シンプルに (simply) means 'simply' or 'plainly'. It does not fit the context of sales volume.
9. 中学でクラスメートだった石井さんと話しているうちに、昔の記憶が、( )きた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
よみがえって (蘇って) means 'to be revived' or 'to be brought back to life'. In this context, '昔の記憶がよみがえってきた' means 'old memories were revived/came back to mind', which is natural when talking to an old classmate.
Why other options are incorrect:
さかのぼって (遡って) means 'to go back in time' or 'to trace back'. It is usually used with actions like '遡って調べる' (to investigate by tracing back), not directly with memories themselves reviving.
引き返して (引き返して) means 'to turn back' or 'to return'. It refers to physical movement.
立ち直って (立ち直って) means 'to recover' or 'to get back on one's feet'. It refers to recovering from a difficult situation.
10. 林選手は、3度目のオリンピック出場で、ついに（ ）の金メダルを 獲得した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
念願 (ねんがん) means 'long-cherished wish' or 'earnest desire'. '念願の金メダル' means 'the long-cherished gold medal', which fits the context of an athlete finally achieving a goal after participating in the Olympics three times.
Why other options are incorrect:
意欲 (いよく) means 'will', 'desire', or 'motivation'. While an athlete has motivation, '意欲の金メダル' is not a natural phrase.
志願 (しがん) means 'application' or 'volunteering'. It refers to the act of applying or wishing to do something, not the wish itself as an object.
欲求 (よっきゅう) means 'desire' or 'craving'. It is a more general term for a basic human desire, less specific to a long-term goal like an Olympic medal.
11. 鈴木さんに表彰状を贈り、永年の功績を( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
たたえた (称えた) means 'to praise', 'to commend', or 'to honor'. '功績をたたえる' means 'to praise/honor achievements', which is appropriate when giving an award for long-standing contributions.
Why other options are incorrect:
敬った (敬った) means 'to respect' or 'to revere'. While one might respect someone's achievements, the verb '敬う' is usually used for respecting a person, not directly their achievements in this context.
仰いだ (仰いだ) means 'to look up to' or 'to revere'. Similar to 敬う, it is used for respecting a person, often a superior.
もてなした (持て成した) means 'to entertain' or 'to treat (a guest)'. It refers to hospitality.
12. 今回のトラブルの原因は相手側にあって、池田さんには決して( )はないよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
非 (ひ) means 'fault', 'error', or 'wrongdoing'. The phrase '非はない' means 'there is no fault' or 'it's not one's fault'. The sentence means 'The cause of this trouble is on the other side, so it's certainly not Mr. Ikeda's fault.'
Why other options are incorrect:
悪 (あく) means 'evil' or 'badness'. While related to negativity, '悪はない' is not a common phrase for 'no fault'.
苦 (く) means 'suffering' or 'hardship'. '苦はない' means 'there is no suffering', which does not fit the context of assigning blame.
没 (ぼつ) means 'sinking', 'disappearance', or 'rejection'. '没はない' is not a common phrase in this context.
13. 以前はさまざまなジャンルの小説を読んでいたが、最近は( )推理小説ばかりだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
もっぱら (専ら) means 'exclusively', 'solely', or 'primarily'. The sentence implies a shift from reading various genres to reading only mystery novels recently, so 'もっぱら推理小説ばかりだ' (primarily only mystery novels) fits.
Why other options are incorrect:
ますます (益々) means 'increasingly' or 'more and more'. It implies a continuous increase, not a shift to exclusive focus.
しきりに (頻りに) means 'frequently' or 'repeatedly'. It describes frequency, not exclusivity.
せめて (せめて) means 'at least' or 'at most'. It expresses a minimum desire or limit.
問題3 __の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
14. <u>粘り強く</u>交渉した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
粘り強く (ねばりづよく) means 'persistently' or 'tenaciously'. The closest meaning among the options is 'あきらめずに' (without giving up).
Why other options are incorrect:
覚悟して (かくごして) means 'being prepared' or 'being resolved'. It implies readiness for a difficult situation, not persistence.
油断せずに (ゆだんせずに) means 'without being careless' or 'without letting one's guard down'. It implies caution, not persistence.
思い切って (おもいきって) means 'boldly' or 'resolutely' (often implying a decisive action). It implies taking a plunge, not sustained effort.
15. <u>入念に</u>調査を行った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
入念に (にゅうねんに) means 'carefully', 'thoroughly', or 'meticulously'. The closest meaning among the options is '細かく丁寧に' (in detail and carefully/politely).
Why other options are incorrect:
厳しく公平に (きびしくこうへいに) means 'strictly and fairly'. This describes the manner of judgment, not the thoroughness of investigation.
興味を持って (きょうみをもって) means 'with interest'. This describes motivation, not the method of investigation.
責任を持って (せきにんをもって) means 'with responsibility'. This describes accountability, not the thoroughness of investigation.
16. 本人も<u>うすうす</u>気づいていたと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
うすうす (薄々) means 'vaguely', 'faintly', or 'slightly'. The closest meaning among the options is 'なんとなく' (somehow, vaguely, for some reason).
Why other options are incorrect:
おそらく (恐らく) means 'probably' or 'most likely'. It expresses probability, not the degree of awareness.
さすがに (流石に) means 'as expected' or 'even (for someone/something as good as that)'. It expresses admiration or a natural consequence.
とっくに (疾っくに) means 'long ago' or 'already'. It refers to time.
17. この方法にも<u>難点</u>はある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
難点 (なんてん) means 'difficulty', 'drawback', or 'flaw'. The closest meaning among the options is '悪いところ' (bad point/aspect).
Why other options are incorrect:
惜しいところ (おしいところ) means 'a regrettable point' or 'a pity'. While a drawback can be regrettable, '惜しい' often implies something that was almost good but fell short.
無駄なところ (むだなところ) means 'a wasteful point' or 'an unnecessary part'. While a drawback might be wasteful, it is not the primary meaning of 難点.
不安なところ (ふあんなところ) means 'an uneasy point' or 'a worrying aspect'. This refers to a feeling of anxiety, not an inherent flaw.
18. 橋本さんは<u>むっとしたようだった</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
むっとした (むっとした) describes feeling offended, sulky, or angry. The closest meaning among the options is '怒ったような顔をしていた' (had an angry-looking face).
Why other options are incorrect:
驚いたような顔をしていた (おどろいたようなかおをしていた) means 'had a surprised-looking face'.
疲れたような顔をしていた (つかれたようなかおをしていた) means 'had a tired-looking face'.
飽きたような顔をしていた (あきたようなかおをしていた) means 'had a bored-looking face'.
19. すぐに<u>照会した</u>ほうがいいですよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
照会した (しょうかいした) means 'inquired' or 'referred to'. The closest meaning among the options is '問い合わせた' (inquired, made an inquiry).
Why other options are incorrect:
申し込んだ (もうしこんだ) means 'applied' or 'proposed'.
知らせた (しらせた) means 'informed' or 'notified'.
訪ねた (たずねた) means 'visited' or 'called on'.
問題4 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
20. <u>昇進</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
昇進 (しょうしん) means 'promotion' (in rank or position). Option 4, '松本課長が来月、部長に昇進することになったそうだ。' (I heard Section Chief Matsumoto will be promoted to Department Manager next month.), correctly uses 昇進 in the context of a job promotion.
Why other options are incorrect:
昇進 is not used for advancing grades in school. 進級 (しんきゅう) would be appropriate here.
昇進 is not used for improving skills. 上達 (じょうたつ) or 向上 (こうじょう) would be appropriate here.
昇進 is not used for moving up in sports rankings. 順位を上げる (じゅんいをあげる) or 昇格 (しょうかく) would be appropriate here.
21. <u>配布</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
配布 (はいふ) means 'distribution' or 'handing out'. Option 3, '駅の案内所では、観光案内地図を無料で配布している。' (The station information center is distributing tourist maps for free.), correctly uses 配布 in the context of distributing items.
Why other options are incorrect:
配布 is not used for dropping things. 散乱 (さんらん) or ぶちまける would be appropriate here.
配布 is not typically used for mail delivery. 配達 (はいたつ) would be appropriate here.
配布 is not used for watering plants. 与える (あたえる) or やる would be appropriate here.
22. <u>滅びる</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
滅びる (ほろびる) means 'to be ruined', 'to perish', or 'to be destroyed' (often referring to civilizations, species, or large entities). Option 4, '昔この地域に栄えていた文明は大災害によって滅びたという説がある。' (There is a theory that the civilization that prospered in this region long ago was destroyed by a major disaster.), correctly uses 滅びる in the context of a civilization perishing.
Why other options are incorrect:
滅びる is not used for funds running out. 尽きる (つきる) or なくなる would be appropriate here.
滅びる is not typically used for individual fish dying. 死ぬ (しぬ) or 弱る (よわる) would be appropriate here.
滅びる is not used for hopes being lost. 消える (きえる) or なくなる would be appropriate here.
23. <u>発足</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
発足 (ほっそく) means 'inauguration', 'launch', or 'establishment' (of an organization, committee, or system). Option 1, 'この団体は、留学生支援を目的に昨年８月に発足した。' (This organization was established last August with the aim of supporting international students.), correctly uses 発足 for the establishment of an organization.
Why other options are incorrect:
発足 is not used for the opening of a facility. 開業 (かいぎょう) or 開設 (かいせつ) would be appropriate here.
発足 is not used for the start of an event/tournament. 開催 (かいさい) or 開幕 (かいまく) would be appropriate here.
発足 is not used for a feeling or awareness emerging. 芽生える (めばえる) or 生まれる (うまれる) would be appropriate here.
24. <u>提起</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
提起 (ていき) means 'to bring up', 'to raise (a question/issue)', or 'to file (a lawsuit)'. Option 3, '今日の議会で、介護制度の在り方について問題を提起した。' (At today's assembly, I raised an issue regarding the ideal state of the nursing care system.), correctly uses 提起 for raising a problem or issue for discussion.
Why other options are incorrect:
提起 is not used for warning. 喚起 (かんき) or 促す (うながす) would be appropriate here.
提起 is not used for proposing a joint venture. 提案 (ていあん) or 持ちかける would be appropriate here.
提起 is not used for requesting someone to take a position. 打診 (だしん) or 依頼 (いらい) would be appropriate here.
25. <u>見落とす</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
見落とす (みおとす) means 'to overlook', 'to fail to notice', or 'to miss'. Option 3, '「300、000円」と書いてあったのに、ゼロを一つ見落として3万円だと勘違いしていた。' (Even though it said '300,000 yen', I overlooked one zero and misunderstood it as 30,000 yen.), correctly uses 見落とす for failing to notice something important.
Why other options are incorrect:
見落とす is not used for condoning or turning a blind eye to wrongdoing. 見過ごす (みすごす) or 大目に見る (おおめにみる) would be more appropriate here.
見落とす is not used for being ignored or neglected by a coach. 見放される (みはなされる) or 相手にされない would be more appropriate here.
見落とす is not typically used for losing sight of someone in a crowd. 見失う (みうしなう) would be appropriate here.
問題5 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
26. 今年歌手生活40周年を迎えた山川みつ子は、引退のうわさを否定して、「応援してくれるファンが一人でも( )、歌い続けます。」と語った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜限り (〜かぎり) means 'as long as', 'while', or 'as far as'. The phrase '応援してくれるファンが一人でもいる限り' means 'as long as there is even one fan who supports me', which perfectly fits the context of continuing to sing.
Why other options are incorrect:
〜た上 means 'in addition to' or 'after doing something'. It does not fit the conditional meaning here.
〜ながら means 'while doing something' or 'despite'. It does not fit the conditional meaning here.
〜だけあって means 'as expected from' or 'precisely because'. It does not fit the conditional meaning here.
27. 今度のプロジェクトのリーダーは石川さんだと予想していたが、違うようだ。石川さんでない( )、誰なのだろう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜とすれば (〜とすれば) means 'if that is the case', 'assuming that', or 'if it is true that'. The phrase '石川さんでないとすれば' means 'if it's not Mr. Ishikawa', which logically leads to the question 'then who could it be?'
Why other options are incorrect:
とあって (とあって) means 'because (it is a certain situation)' or 'given that'. It expresses a reason for a certain situation, not a hypothetical condition.
というより (というより) means 'rather than' or 'more like'. It is used for correction or clarification.
と思っても (とおもっても) means 'even if one thinks'. It expresses a concession.
28. A社は、製品の成分表示に誤りがあったことについて謝罪したが、品質には( )問題はないと強調した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
なんら (何ら) is an adverb used with negative expressions, meaning 'not at all' or 'nothing whatsoever'. 'なんら問題はない' means 'there is no problem whatsoever', which fits the context of emphasizing no quality issues despite an ingredient labeling error.
Why other options are incorrect:
かりに (仮に) means 'provisionally', 'supposing', or 'if'. It is used for hypothetical situations.
なかなか (なかなか) means 'quite', 'very', or 'not easily' (with negative). It does not fit the strong negation needed here.
あまりにも (あまりにも) means 'too much' or 'excessively'. It expresses an extreme degree.
29. 今年35歳になるサッカー日本代表の森選手について、監督は、「確かに体力が落ちてきた( )が、高い技術力に期待している。」と述べた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ことは否めない (〜ことはいなめない) means 'it cannot be denied that...'. The phrase '体力が落ちてきたことは否めない' means 'it cannot be denied that his physical strength has declined', which fits the context of acknowledging a decline while still having high expectations for skill.
Why other options are incorrect:
はずだった (はずだった) means 'was supposed to be'. It expresses something that was expected but did not happen.
とおりだった (とおりだった) means 'was as expected' or 'was as stated'. It expresses conformity.
に越したことはない (にこしたことはない) means 'there's nothing better than' or 'it's best to'. It expresses a recommendation.
30. 田中部長:「ねえ、山下くん、今度の会議でこの企画の説明をするのは鈴木課長だっけ?」<br/>山下:「はい、課長がご説明( )。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
なさいます (なさいます) is the honorific form of します (to do). Since Yamashita is referring to Suzuki-kacho (Section Chief Suzuki), an older/superior person, the honorific form is appropriate. '課長がご説明なさいます' means 'The Section Chief will explain (honorific)'. The 'ご説明' already uses the honorific prefix 'ご', so the verb also needs to be honorific.
Why other options are incorrect:
申します (もうします) is the humble form of 言います (to say). It is used when referring to one's own actions or actions of someone in one's group to an outsider/superior.
いただきます (いただきます) is the humble form of もらいます (to receive) or 食べます/飲みます (to eat/drink). It is used when receiving a favor or for one's own eating/drinking.
願います (ねがいます) means 'to wish' or 'to request'. It is used when making a request, not stating a fact about someone else's action.
31. 脳科学の研究が進んだと言われる現代 ( )、脳のメカニズムについては解明できていない部分が多いという。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜においてさえ (〜においてさえ) means 'even in/at (a certain situation/place)'. It emphasizes that despite the advancement of brain science in modern times, there are still many unexplained parts of the brain's mechanism. This expresses a sense of surprise or unexpectedness.
Why other options are incorrect:
〜においてこそ means 'precisely in/at (a certain situation/place)'. It emphasizes that something is only possible or truly meaningful in that specific context.
〜に対してさえ means 'even towards/for'. It is used when referring to a target or comparison, not a general time/place.
〜に対してこそ means 'precisely towards/for'. Similar to 'においてこそ' but with 'に対して'.
32. 全国高校テニス大会決勝で、西山選手は、持ち前の精神力の強さで相手の厳しい攻撃に( )、見事勝利を収めた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ぬいた末に (〜ぬいたすえに) means 'after enduring/doing something to the end'. '耐えぬいた末に' means 'after enduring to the very end', which fits the context of a player's strong mental fortitude leading to victory after facing tough attacks.
Why other options are incorrect:
〜かねる means 'cannot do' or 'find it difficult to do'. '耐えかねた' means 'could not endure'. This contradicts the outcome of winning.
〜かねた末に would mean 'after being unable to endure', which also contradicts the victory.
〜ほど means 'to the extent that'. While '耐えぬいた' (endured to the end) is correct, '〜ほど' does not fit the meaning of 'as a result of enduring'.
33. 昨日の新入生歓迎会に失敗だった。私たち上級生がたくさん質問をして、新入生が話しやすい( )、逆に緊張させ てしまったようだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜したつもりが (〜したつもりが) means 'I intended to do X, but (it turned out to be Y)'. The phrase '話しやすいようにしたつもりが、逆に緊張させてしまった' means 'I intended to make it easy for new students to talk, but on the contrary, I made them nervous', which perfectly describes the unintended negative outcome.
Why other options are incorrect:
〜あげく means 'after (a long process), finally (a negative result)'. While it implies a negative result, 'ようにしたあげく' is not a natural grammatical construction here.
〜ものを means 'even though' or 'despite'. It expresses regret or dissatisfaction, but 'ようになった' (came to be able to) does not fit the intention.
〜ばかりか means 'not only... but also'. It expresses an additional negative consequence, but 'ようになった' does not fit the intention.
34. 楽しみにしていた初めての海外旅行。搭乗手続き も 終わり、あとはを ( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ばかりとなった (〜ばかりとなった) means 'all that's left is to do X' or 'it's just a matter of waiting for X'. The phrase 'あとは待つばかりとなった' means 'all that's left is to wait', which perfectly describes the situation after all procedures are complete for a long-awaited trip.
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase is grammatically incorrect and does not make sense.
待てなくなってしまった (まてなくなってしまった) means 'became unable to wait'. This implies impatience, which might be true, but '待つばかりとなった' is a more direct and common expression for the situation.
待てそうにないみたいだ (まてそうにないみたいだ) means 'seems like I can't wait'. Similar to option 3, it implies impatience, but '待つばかりとなった' is a more neutral and descriptive phrase for the state of affairs.
35. 先々週、妹が図書館で分厚い本を10冊も借りてきた。「2週間しか借りられないんだから、そんなに絶対( )」と思ったが、全部読んで返したらしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜きれっこない (〜きれっこない) means 'cannot possibly finish doing X' or 'no way one can finish X'. The phrase 'そんなに絶対読みきれっこない' means 'there's absolutely no way she can finish reading that many (books)', which expresses the speaker's strong doubt about their sister's ability to read 10 thick books in two weeks.
Why other options are incorrect:
読みかけなのか (よみかけなのか) means 'is it unfinished reading?'. This is a question about the state of reading, not a strong doubt about ability.
読みっぱなしだろう (よみっぱなしだろう) means 'leaving it unread/half-read'. This implies leaving them unfinished, but '読みきれっこない' is a stronger expression of impossibility.
読んでもいないくせに (よんでもいないくせに) means 'even though one hasn't even read it'. This implies criticism or a negative judgment, which does not fit the speaker's initial thought about the sister's reading capacity.
問題6 次の文の _★_に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
36. みなみ水族館はふだんから来館者が多いが、先日ペンギンの赤ちゃんが生まれた ___ ___ _★_ ___ いつも以上ににぎわっている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 赤ちゃんを一目見よう (4) という (3) こともあって (2) 多くの人で (1). The full sentence becomes: 'みなみ水族館はふだんから来館者が多いが、先日ペンギンの赤ちゃんが生まれた赤ちゃんを一目見ようということもあって、いつも以上ににぎわっている。' This translates to: 'Minami Aquarium usually has many visitors, but because a baby penguin was born the other day, and also because people want to catch a glimpse of the baby, it is more bustling than usual.' The grammar point '〜ということもあって' means 'partly because of X' or 'also because X'. Here, '赤ちゃんを一目見ようという' modifies 'こともあって', meaning 'the fact that people want to see the baby at a glance'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is part of the final phrase '多くの人で'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is part of the grammar pattern '〜ということもあって'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is the first part of the phrase '赤ちゃんを一目見ようということもあって'.
37. 新社長は労働条件に問題はないと考えているようだが、実態をわかっていない。労働条件 ___ ___ _★_ ___ が業績向上だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 労働条件 (original) の (1) 改善 (4) なくして (2) 何 (3). The full sentence becomes: '新社長は労働条件に問題はないと考えているようだが、実態をわかっていない。労働条件の改善なくして何が業績向上だ。' This translates to: 'The new president seems to think there are no problems with working conditions, but they don't understand the reality. Without improving working conditions, what kind of performance improvement can there be?' The grammar point '〜なくして〜ない' means 'without X, Y is impossible' or 'Y cannot be achieved without X'. Here, '労働条件の改善なくして何が業績向上だ' is a rhetorical question implying that performance improvement is impossible without improving working conditions.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is a particle connecting '労働条件' and '改善'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is part of the rhetorical question '何が業績向上だ'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is the noun 'improvement' that is part of the phrase '労働条件の改善'.
38. 現代の映画音楽界で、作品の世界観に合わせて、___ ___ _★_ ___ だろう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 音楽を作る (4) 才能にかけては (2) 彼女以上に優れている (1) 作曲家はまずいない (3). The full sentence becomes: '現代の映画音楽界で、作品の世界観に合わせて、音楽を作る才能にかけては彼女以上に優れている作曲家はまずいないだろう。' This translates to: 'In the contemporary film music industry, when it comes to the talent for creating music that matches the worldview of a work, there is probably almost no composer superior to her.' The grammar point '〜にかけては' means 'when it comes to X' or 'as for X', indicating a specific area of expertise. The phrase '〜以上に優れている作曲家はまずいない' means 'there is almost no composer superior to X'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is part of the grammar pattern '〜にかけては'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is the final part of the sentence, stating the conclusion.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is the verb phrase that modifies '才能'.
39. ゼミの教え子たちが新しい技術るを使ったソーラーカーの開発に成功した実用化が近いとされている ___ ___ _★_ ___ 効率よく走れるものができたと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: A社が開発した (3) ものには (2) 遠く及ばないにしろ (4) それなりに (1). The full sentence becomes: 'ゼミの教え子たちが新しい技術を使ったソーラーカーの開発に成功した。実用化が近いとされているA社が開発したものには遠く及ばないにしろ、それなりに効率よく走れるものができたと思う。' This translates to: 'My seminar students succeeded in developing a solar car using new technology. Although it cannot compare to the one developed by Company A, which is said to be close to practical use, I think they were able to create something that can run reasonably efficiently.' The grammar point '〜にしろ' means 'even if' or 'although'. The phrase '遠く及ばないにしろ' means 'even if it's far from reaching (that level)'. 'それなりに' means 'in its own way' or 'reasonably'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is an adverb modifying '効率よく走れる'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is part of the comparison phrase 'A社が開発したものには'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is the first part of the comparison phrase 'A社が開発したものには'.
40. これまでにないウェディングドレスを作ろうと思い、デザイン画を描いては ___ ___ _★_ ___ やっと納得のいくものができた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 直す (3) を (1) 繰り返すこと (4) 数十回 (2). The full sentence becomes: 'これまでにないウェディングドレスを作ろうと思い、デザイン画を描いては直すを繰り返すこと数十回、やっと納得のいくものができた。' This translates to: 'Thinking of creating a wedding dress like never before, I drew design sketches and repeated the process of drawing and correcting dozens of times, and finally, I was able to create something I was satisfied with.' The grammar pattern '〜ては〜を繰り返す' means 'to repeatedly do X and then Y'. Here, '描いては直すを繰り返す' means 'repeatedly drawing and correcting'. '〜こと数十回' means 'doing it dozens of times'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is a particle connecting '直す' and '繰り返すこと'.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is the quantifier for the number of repetitions.
Placing this option at the star position or in other positions would result in an ungrammatical or nonsensical sentence. It is the verb that is part of the repeated action.
問題7 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の趣旨を踏まえて、(41)から(45)の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
職場の同僚の飼っている犬が子犬をたくさん産んだというのを父が聞きつけて、「こいつが一番かわいかった」と 勝手に連れてきました。
大学に通いつつ仕事を【41】ある作品で演じた役名から「直司」と名付けました。日本人の名前で祖父も覚え られると 【42】。
僕は末っ子です。直司はわが家では年齢や立場が一番下になるので、自分 【43】 もう1人いるような感じです。実家にいたときは僕が散歩に連れて行きました。前にも犬を飼っていたのですが、小さかった頃は犬が怖くて、好きになれませんでした。でも直司は自然となついてくれました。
家が好きで、居間によくいます。雪が降った時、好奇心で外で走り回るかと思ったら、気持ちよさそうに舌を出してこたつで寝ていたこともありました。こたつから顔だけ出して寝ている祖父と同じような格好をして。
家を出てからは実家にまめに電話して「直司、元気?」と父や母に 【44】。帰省した時は、たわいないことを話しかけますが、愚痴は言いません。言葉の意味はわからないと思うけれど、人が言われて重い言葉は犬もストレスを感じると思うので。
性格はおとなしいけど、メス犬が好き。目を離したすきに、ばっと近所のメス犬の方へ駆け寄っていくことがあります。シェパードの警察犬を演じたことがあるんですけど、その時は直司の様子や鳴き声が参考になりました。そのシェパードもスケベな性格だったものですから。
きれいごとのように単にかわいがるのは嫌いですが、ほっとけない存在です。直司の残りの人生もできるだけ近くに 【45】。
(朝日新聞2013年5月23日付夕刊による)
(注)声優: アニメのキャラクターなどの声を演じる俳優
English Summary & Annotations
【41】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence is '大学に通いつつ仕事を【41】ある作品で演じた役名から「直司」と名付けました。' The context implies that the naming happened *around the time* he was attending university and working. '〜していたころでした' means 'it was around the time I was doing X', which fits perfectly. So, '大学に通いつつ仕事をしていたころでした' means 'It was around the time I was attending university and working'.
Why other options are incorrect:
していたはずでした means 'should have been doing'. This implies an expectation that was not met.
していたからでした means 'it was because I was doing'. This implies a reason, but the flow of the sentence is about the timing of the naming.
していたぐらいでした means 'it was about the extent of doing'. This does not fit the context of timing.
【42】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence is '日本人の名前で祖父も覚え られると 【42】。' The speaker named the dog Naoshi, a Japanese name, with the intention that his grandfather would also be able to remember it. The particle 'と' followed by '思って' (thinking) indicates the reason or intention behind the action. So, '日本人の名前で祖父も覚え られると思って' means 'thinking that my grandfather would also be able to remember it because it's a Japanese name'.
Why other options are incorrect:
思います means 'I think'. This is a statement of opinion, not an intention leading to an action.
思うようです means 'It seems I think'. This expresses an appearance, not an intention.
思うのに means 'Even though I think'. This expresses a concession, which does not fit the context.
【43】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence is '自分 【43】 もう1人いるような感じです。' The particle 'が' is used here to mark the subject of the subordinate clause 'もう1人いるような感じ' (feeling like there's another person). '自分がもう1人いるような感じです' means 'It feels like there's another me' or 'It feels like I have another self'.
Why other options are incorrect:
While 'は' can mark a subject, 'が' is more natural when the subject is introduced or when it is the subject of a subordinate clause describing a state or existence.
も means 'also' or 'even'. It does not fit the meaning of 'another me'.
だけ means 'only'. It does not fit the meaning of 'another me'.
【44】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence is '家を出てからは実家にまめに電話して「直司、元気?」と父や母に 【44】。' The speaker is calling his parents and asking them 'Is Naoshi doing well?'. So, '聞いてます' (I ask/hear) is the most natural fit, indicating his action of asking his parents.
Why other options are incorrect:
聞いてきます means 'to come asking' or 'to ask and come back'. This implies movement towards the speaker, which does not fit the speaker's action of calling home.
聞いてくれます means 'to ask for me' or 'to listen to me (as a favor)'. This implies someone else doing the asking for the speaker, or listening to the speaker, which is not the case.
聞かれてます means 'am asked'. This is passive voice, implying the speaker is being asked, which is the opposite of the intended meaning.
【45】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence is '直司の残りの人生もできるだけ近くに 【45】。' The speaker is expressing his own desire to be close to Naoshi for the rest of his life. 'いたいです' (I want to be) is the volitional form expressing the speaker's wish. So, 'できるだけ近くにいたいです' means 'I want to be as close as possible'.
Why other options are incorrect:
〜たがっています means 'someone else wants to do X'. This is used for third-person desires, not the speaker's.
いたのです means 'it was that I was there'. This is a statement of fact or explanation, not a desire.
いたことです means 'it was the fact that I was there'. Similar to option 3, it is a statement of fact.