JLPT Test N1 Reading Comprehension
問題8 次の(1)から(4)の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいもの を、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
45. 筆者が読みたい雑誌はどのようなものか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that the author wants to read magazines created by editors, not designers. The author defines editing as "combining existing materials as they are, and thereby creating new depth and breadth of meaning." Option 2 directly reflects this definition, stating that the magazine should have new meaning created by combining materials.
Why other options are incorrect:
The author criticizes magazines that are too focused on elaborate layouts (凝ったレイアウト), finding them stifling, so this option contradicts the author's preference.
The author contrasts editors with designers, stating that designers 'process materials' (材料に手を加える) to fit a design. Editors, on the other hand, combine existing materials 'as they are' (そのまま組み合わせ), implying minimal processing. So, this option describes a designer's approach, not an editor's, which the author prefers.
This option describes the designer's approach, where content is adjusted to fit the layout, which the author finds stifling and undesirable.
46. 筆者は、並木の効果は何だと述べているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that the tree-lined streets (並木) act as "soft, translucent walls" (柔らかな透けた壁) that contribute to "the unification of cityscapes" (街並みの一体化に役立っている). It also mentions that "disorganized and uneven streets are brought together by the tree-lined streets" (まとまりがなく不揃いな街路も、並木によってまとめられ). This directly supports option 3, which states that the walls of trees make the town unified and orderly.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage mentions '縁' (en, meaning 'edge' or 'connection') in the options, but the passage itself uses '縁' in the context of '縁を求めて集まる' (gathering for connections) which is not the main point. The passage focuses on the physical and aesthetic effect of tree-lined streets on the cityscape, not on a 'gentle' feeling for the whole town.
The passage does not discuss residents gathering or strengthening their ties. It focuses on the visual and structural effect of tree-lined streets on the urban landscape.
While the passage mentions that tree-lined streets change with the seasons (四季折々に変化する), enjoying seasonal changes is not presented as their primary 'effect' or 'role' according to the author. The main point is their role in unifying the cityscape.
47. 筆者の考えに合うのはどれか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author states that the 'Japan' of half a century ago, where they spent their youth, feels like a 'foreign country' (外国) compared to present-day Japan. They explicitly say, "Although the country's name hasn't changed, one 'era' is a 'foreign country,' and what exists there is clearly a 'different culture' (異文化)." This directly matches option 1, which states that when an 'era' changes, the culture changes, making one's own country feel like a foreign one.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage does not discuss the author's increased exposure to foreign cultures. It focuses on how their own country has changed so much that it feels foreign.
While the author implies a significant change, they do not express regret or a sense of loss ('惜しいと感じられる') about the old culture disappearing. The tone is more observational about the profound change.
This option is the opposite of what the author states. The author feels like they are living in an unfamiliar 'foreign land' (馴れない「外国暮らし」) even though they are in their own country, because their 'homeland' (母国) from half a century ago has vanished.
48.「<u>夢を売る</u>」とはどういうことか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage explains that the music industry's focus is not on 'facts' but on 'making buyers think so' (買い手にそう思わせること), which is the 'formation of perception' (認識の形成). It then states that this method is called 'selling dreams' (夢を売る). The final sentence clarifies that the music industry excels at 'preemptively catching the "fantasy" that buyers desire, commercializing it, and selling it.' This means they create a perception or desire in the buyer, making them want to buy. Option 1, 'making buyers want to buy,' aligns perfectly with this explanation.
Why other options are incorrect:
While the music industry uses promotional methods, the core meaning of 'selling dreams' is about influencing the buyer's perception and desire, not just adopting preferred methods. It's about creating the desire itself.
The passage states they 'preemptively catch the fantasy that buyers desire' (買い手がほしがる「ファンタジー」を先んじてキャッチし), implying they anticipate or create the desire, rather than simply listening to existing hopes and materializing them.
The passage mentions 'making people think it's popular, then it really becomes popular' and 'preemptively catching the fantasy.' While anticipating trends is part of it, the phrase 'selling dreams' specifically refers to the act of influencing perception and desire to drive sales, not just trend-spotting.
問題9次の(1)から(3)の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいもの を1.2.3.4から一つ選びなさい。
49. 近年の物事や思考の伝達について、筆者はどのように述べているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The first sentence of the passage states, "In recent years, in our country, when explaining things or clearly conveying ideas and perspectives, the use of difficult words and sentences is avoided, and there is a growing tendency to seek easier-to-understand words, sentences, and narratives." This clearly indicates that 'ease of understanding' (わかりやすさ) is emphasized or prioritized. Option 4, 'わかりやすく伝えることが重視されている' (It is emphasized that things should be conveyed in an easy-to-understand manner), directly reflects this.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage mentions that technology (各種の映像装置を駆使するなど) is also used to achieve clarity, so it's not just about 'words alone'.
While clarity is sought, the passage doesn't state that things 'can now be clearly conveyed' as a general outcome. It focuses on the *tendency* to seek clarity and its potential downsides.
The passage states that difficult language is avoided (敬遠され), but it doesn't say that subjects that *cannot* be explained simply are avoided. It's about the *method* of explanation.
50. <u>受け取る側の思考の多様性や広がり、深まりを妨害することがある。</u>とあるが、なぜか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage explains that when something is easy to understand, people naturally choose it, and the clear words are stored as knowledge. Then, "many people think that learning has ended at that point. They think that what they didn't understand, they now understand, and that they have gained new knowledge, and that this is the final stage of learning." This leads to a cessation of further thought, thus hindering the diversity, breadth, and depth of thinking. Option 1, 'Because they think they understand and stop trying to think further,' accurately captures this reason.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage states that people choose easy-to-understand things, but it doesn't explicitly say they stop trying to understand difficult things. The focus is on the *consequence* of easily understanding something, which is the cessation of deeper thought.
The passage doesn't discuss the limitations of simple language in expressing certain knowledge. It focuses on the *receiver's* cognitive process after receiving easy explanations.
The passage states that clear and precise words are 'stored as they are' (そのまま学習者の中に蓄えられる), implying that they *do* become knowledge. The problem is that people stop there, not that the knowledge doesn't stick.
51. 筆者が言いたいことは何か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author introduces the concept of "authentic learning" (学びの真正性) as the true goal. They state that merely internalizing someone else's explanation is not enough. "'Authentic learning' means progressing from that point to the stage where one expands one's own new thoughts and expresses them." This directly supports option 2, which emphasizes deepening one's thoughts and being able to express them based on acquired knowledge.
Why other options are incorrect:
The author acknowledges the importance of clarity but then discusses its potential negative impact on the *receiver's* thinking. The main point is not about how to convey difficult things, but what the receiver should do with easily understood information.
The passage explicitly states that accurately understanding and internalizing someone else's words is *not* the final stage of learning, but merely a prerequisite for 'authentic learning'.
While the passage mentions that authentic learning often occurs in relation to others, it does not state that using clear language is required for building relationships. The focus is on the *depth of learning*.
52. <u>そのこと</u>とは何か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence before the underlined phrase states: "For example, if you always do the act of frankly stating your own thoughts (自分の考えを率直に述べるということをいつもやっていれば) in casual conversation with people, then certainly 'that thing' (そのこと) will become automated..." Therefore, 'そのこと' refers to the action of 'frankly stating one's own thoughts'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the general condition for automation, but 'そのこと' refers to the specific action that becomes automated, not the act of repetition itself.
This is a *result* of automation, not the action that becomes automated.
This is also a *result* of the automation of the action, meaning one no longer needs to consciously try to state their thoughts. 'そのこと' refers to the action itself that is being automated.
53. <u>このような現象</u>とあるが、どのようなことか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The phrase "このような現象" refers to the preceding description: "If you put the brakes on many times, the act of putting the brakes itself becomes automated, and without particularly anticipating the results of your actions, you somehow speak frankly less often and become quieter." Option 1, 'Unconsciously, one speaks frankly less often,' accurately summarizes this phenomenon.
Why other options are incorrect:
While the passage mentions 'without particularly anticipating the results of your actions' (行動の結果を取り立てて予期することなしに), this is a *part* of the phenomenon, not the entire phenomenon itself. The core phenomenon is the reduction in frank speaking.
The passage states that one avoids speaking frankly, but it doesn't mention becoming 'sensitive to others' reactions' as the phenomenon itself. The phenomenon is the *automatic reduction* of frank speech.
The passage describes a gradual, unconscious reduction in frank speaking, not an active refusal when asked to speak frankly.
54. 行動の抑制について、筆者はどのように述べているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The last paragraph states: "Even in the case of behavioral inhibition, the more it becomes automated, the less role thought plays, but the degree of inhibition changes depending on the manner and content of thought (思考の仕方や内容によって抑制の度合いは変わってくる)." This directly supports option 3.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage states that as inhibition automates, the *role* of thought diminishes, but it doesn't say thought becomes 'passive' (消極的).
This statement is true according to the passage ("思考の果たす役割は少なくなる"), but it's only a partial truth. The main point the author makes in that paragraph is about the *variability* of inhibition based on thought, not just its general reduction.
The passage states that negative predictions can *strengthen* inhibition, but it doesn't say that negative thoughts are the *direct cause* of the *automation* of inhibition. The automation is caused by repeated braking, which is often triggered by negative reactions from others.
55.「師と弟子」について、筆者はどのように述べているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage describes the 'master and disciple' relationship as "a very special, individual connection (ごく特殊な個別的なつながり) where one earnestly learns 'excellent things' (優れたもの) from an 'exceptionally outstanding person' (特別に卓越した人)." This directly supports option 1.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage states that both master and disciple can choose each other (弟子は師を選べるが、生徒は教師を選べない。師も弟子を選べるが、教師は生徒を選べない). It doesn't imply that the disciple must follow the master's decisions if chosen.
The passage explicitly states that 'master and disciple' is "originally a personal connection" (もともと個人的なつながり), contrasting it with the 'teacher and student' relationship which is a public/social one. It does not have both aspects.
While they share common goals ('求めるもの」「到達すべきもの」「語るべきもの」を共有している), the passage does not state that their meeting is 'accidental' (偶然出会って). In fact, the ability to choose implies a deliberate seeking.
56. 弟子と生徒について、筆者はどのようなものだと述べているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states: "In the case of 'master and disciple,' the disciple clearly knows what they are trying to learn (弟子は何を学ぼうとしているかははっきりと意識している). In the case of students, they are largely unaware of the vast modern knowledge, life skills, and technologies they will learn (生徒の場合は、自分が学ぶことになる近代の膨大な知や生活や技術についてほとんど認知していない)." This directly supports option 3.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage states that the 'teacher and student' relationship has a 'two-dimensional psychological connection' (心的つながりは二次元的なものである) and is mediated by a social system, while 'master and disciple' has a 'significant psychological connection' (かなりの心的部分が同志的につながっている). They are different, and the teacher-student relationship is not necessarily 'premised' on a deep psychological connection.
The passage highlights a fundamental difference in their awareness of what they are learning, implying a difference in their basic approach to learning.
The passage states that the teacher-student relationship aims at the formation of children as citizens, implying a structured learning environment, not necessarily 'naturally learning within society'.
57.「教師と生徒」について、筆者はどのように述べているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that the 'teacher and student' relationship is "a relationship between public (social roles) and public (social roles)" (公(社会的役割)と公(社会的役割)の関係) and is "mediated by a social system" (社会システムに媒介されたつながり). It also explicitly states that "The purpose of the 'teacher and student' connection is to be reduced to the formation of children (students) as citizens (individuals)" (子ども(生徒)の市民(個人)形成に還元されるものであり). This directly supports option 2.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage explicitly states that the teacher-student relationship is *not* a personal connection (私(個人)と私(個人)のつながりではなく), but a public one, contrasting it with the master-disciple relationship.
The passage states that the psychological connection is 'two-dimensional' (二次元的なものである) and that it's not typically expected to 'sublimate into a deep, dense connection' like master-disciple. So, they are not trying to deepen the psychological connection in that way.
The passage clearly states it is *not* a private relationship (私的な関係), but a public one mediated by a social system.
問題 10 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から 一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
現在確認されている種の絶滅は、ほんの氷山の一角である。多様な生物が生息している熱帯林が減少する速度からすると、一年間に一千万種のうち二万七千種が絶滅していると推定されるとの研究結果が報告されている。現代は地球の歴史の中で六回目の生物の大絶滅時代だと言えるのだ。
六回目の大絶滅時代は、過去の五回と多くの点で違う。一つは生物が絶滅する速度が非常に速いということだ。化石の分析などから推定された自然界での生物絶滅の速度は百万種に対して一年間に一種というペースだ。多くの研究は、現在の生物絶滅の速度は自然に起こる生物絶滅の速度の百~千倍で、その速度はほとんど速くなっていると指摘している。今回の大絶減が、ほとんどが人間活動が原因で起こっているという点も過去と大きく異なる。自然に起こる絶滅は止めることはできなかった。だが、今回の大絶滅は人間の行動パターンが違っていれば起こることはなかった。逆に言えば、人間が行動を改めれば、絶減を食い止めることができるかもしれないということになる。
過去の大絶滅の後では、恐竜が減った後で哺乳類が栄えるようになったように、ある種の生物がいなくなったことで、他の生物が生息地を広げることができるようになり、その後比較的短時間のうちに種の数は増加に転じている。
だが、今回の大絶滅の場合は、速度が速いために生物が変化について行けない可能性がある。しかも、新たな生物が生まれる「ゆりかご」となるような湿地や熱帯林、浅い海などの場所は、人間の開発行為によって破壊され、汚染されている。大絶減からの復活につながる生物進化の力も、人間が奪っている可能性が高い。今この地球上で起こっている「第六の大絶滅」は、過去の五回とは質的に大きく異なり、地球の生態系にとって取り返しがつかないものとなる可能性が否定できない。
現在のペースで熱帯林やサンゴ礁、湿地などが破壊されたら、生物種の絶滅や生物多様性の損失は今後も急速に進むことが心配されている。しかも、今世紀半ばくらいには、地球温暖化の進行が生物種の絶減に拍車を掛けることになることも懸念されている。このままでは、地球の長い歴史の中で例がないほど生物多様性の減少が著しい、傷ついた地球を次世代に引き渡すことになってしまうのである。
English Summary & Annotations
58. 六回目の大絶滅の前までは、生物種の数はどのように変化してきたか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that "biological species numbers basically tend to increase" (生物種の数は基本的には増える傾向にある). It mentions a "Cambrian explosion" (ビッグバン) about 500 million years ago where species rapidly increased. It then says there were "five mass extinction events" (過去五回、生物種の数が急激に減少する「大絶滅の時代」があった) where numbers sharply decreased. However, it also states that after past mass extinctions, "the number of species turned to an increase in a relatively short time" (比較的短時間のうちに種の数は増加に転じている). This means that despite the five decreases, the overall trend was still an increase. Option 2 accurately summarizes this pattern: a rapid increase around 500 million years ago, followed by five sharp declines, but ultimately an increase.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is incorrect because the passage states that after the five mass extinctions, species numbers *increased* again, not continued to decrease.
This is incorrect. The passage explicitly states that after past mass extinctions, species numbers *increased* again, meaning they did not continue to decrease.
The passage states that the *increase* happened around 500 million years ago (カンブリア紀), not a decrease. The decreases happened *after* that, five times, but were followed by increases.
59. 今回の生物の大絶滅が過去と異なるのはどのような点か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states two main differences for the sixth mass extinction: "One is that the speed of species extinction is extremely fast" (生物が絶滅する速度が非常に速いということだ) and "The point that this mass extinction is mostly caused by human activities (人間活動が原因で起こっている) is also greatly different from the past." Option 4 combines these two points: the speed is very fast, and it's caused by human actions.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage states that in *past* mass extinctions, some species increased their habitats and numbers. For the *current* extinction, it explicitly states that due to the speed, organisms might not be able to adapt, and human actions are destroying 'cradles' for new life, implying recovery is unlikely.
The passage clearly states that the cause is 'mostly human activities' (ほとんどが人間活動が原因で起こっている), so the cause *is* known, not unknown.
The passage states that if human behavior *changes*, extinction *might* be prevented (食い止めることができるかもしれない), but it does not say that species numbers are currently increasing due to changes in human behavior. In fact, it says the opposite: human actions are causing the extinction.
60. 現在の地球について、筆者はどのように考えているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The final paragraph expresses concern: "If tropical forests, coral reefs, wetlands, etc., are destroyed at the current pace, the extinction of species and the loss of biodiversity are feared to progress rapidly in the future." It also mentions that global warming will accelerate extinction. This implies that continuing current human development activities will lead to further destruction of the ecosystem. Option 2, 'If humans continue development activities, the Earth's ecosystem will be further destroyed,' accurately reflects this concern.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage states that if human *behavior patterns* change, extinction *might* be prevented (食い止めることができるかもしれない), but it doesn't specifically say that *slowing down the pace of development* is sufficient or guaranteed to stop it. The passage emphasizes the irreversible nature if current trends continue.
The passage states that human actions are destroying 'cradles' for new life and potentially robbing the power of biological evolution, making it 'irreversible' (取り返しがつかないものとなる可能性が否定できない). This suggests that simply stopping development and trying to restore nature might not be enough, or even possible, given the irreversible nature mentioned.
The passage implies that human actions *are* the cause and that changing them *could* prevent extinction. It doesn't suggest that the decrease is unavoidable even if humans stop their destructive activities. Instead, it warns of irreversible damage *if* current trends continue.
問題 11 次のAとBの文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、 1.2.3.4から一つ選びなさい。
61. 多くの情報を集めることについて、AとBはどのように述べているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Passage A states that while many people imagine gathering information is important, "even if you gather a lot of information, if the world changes in an unexpected way, there's a possibility that it won't be very useful." It concludes that what's needed is "not just collecting information" (ただ情報をかき集めることではなく), but processing it with one's own ideas. This means A believes it's not enough. Passage B states, "For that, foundational information is still necessary. It's no exaggeration to say that the present era is determined by how much information one possesses." This clearly indicates that B considers gathering information to be important. Therefore, A says it's not enough, and B says it's important.
Why other options are incorrect:
A states that gathering information alone might not be useful, implying it's not sufficient, even if it's a common perception.
B explicitly states that the era is determined by how much information one possesses, implying its importance, not its insufficiency.
This is the opposite of what the passages state. A implies it's not sufficient, while B emphasizes its importance.
62. これからの時代に必要なことについて、AとBの認識で共通していることは何か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Passage A states that what's needed is "building one's own ideas and ways of thinking" (自分なりの発想や、自分なりの考え方を組み立て) and "how to come up with new, different, and interesting ideas from others" (いかに新しく、人とは違う発想で、おもしろいことを考えつくか). Passage B states that it's possible to create new things by "having a unique perspective and combining existing things or ideas" (独自の視点を持って既存のものやアイデアを組み合わせていくことで). Both passages emphasize the importance of generating unique or original ideas. Option 4, 'Having original ideas,' captures this commonality.
Why other options are incorrect:
While B mentions technology, neither passage focuses on *using information devices* to create new things. The emphasis is on the *thinking process* and *ideas*.
While information is discussed, the core commonality is not about discerning useful information, but about what one *does* with that information – generating new ideas.
Passage A explicitly states that the era of change is one where the future is *hard to foresee* (将来が見通しにくい時代), making accurate prediction difficult and less useful. So, this is not a common necessary skill.
問題12 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から 一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
3年前からずっとその仕事ぶりを見てきた上司と異動していきなり輪田くんのミスに出くわした上司と、輪田くんへの印象は同じだろうか?
両者のミスの「情報占有率」がちがう。つまり、3年間のつきあいの中で、ミスが占める割合と、たった一回初めて輪田くんと接した中で、ミスが占める割合と。
相手は、あなたが過去からずっと積み上げてきたすべての情報で、あなたを判断するのではない。結局は、その時相手が持っている情報だけで判断される。その中で、いい情報の占める割合が多ければ「いい人だ」となる。
あなたが「優しい人」で10年間怒ったことがなかったとしても、10年ぶりに起こった時、たまたまでくわした初対面の相手にとっては、それが100%だ。あなたを「恐い人」だと思う。
自分にふさわしい「メディアカ」を相手の中に刻むため、ちょっと「情報占有率」を意識してみるといい。
コミュニケーションでは、出会いから始まって、相手から見たあなたの「メディアカ」が決まるまでの間が肝心だ。つまり、初めの方が慎重さがいる。ここで、かっこつけるのでもなく、でも、あなた以下にもならず、等身大のあなたの良さが伝わるのが理想だ。
いつも質の高い仕事をしているなら、初めての仕事先に対して、決していつもの質を落としてはいけない。ふだん静かな人なら、初対面の相手にも、奇をてらったりせず、普段どおり静かにしていればいい。自分にうそのないふるまいをする、ということは、初対面の相手 にこそ大切だ。
さて、ここで問題なのは、普段とても穏やかなあなたが、その日はたまたま嫌なことが重なり、攻撃的になっているという場合だ。自分にうそのないということで、相手にきついことを言ってしまったらどうだろう。あなたにとっては、年に一回の、「たまたま不機嫌な日」でも、相手にとっては、あなたに関する情報の100%になる。
初対面の相手、まだ付き合いの浅い相手には、すこし慎重になって考えてほしい。
何が、自分にうそのないふるまいか?自分の正直な姿を伝えるとはどういうことか?
日ごろの99%穏やかなあなたなら、1%異常よりも、いつもの穏やかさを伝える方が、結局は、正直な姿を伝えている。相手の中に、あなたの実像に近い「メディアカ」が形成されるからだ。初対面の相手にこそ、平常心であること、普段どおりにやることが大切だ。
English Summary & Annotations
63. 筆者によれば、上司にとって輪田くんのミスの「情報占有率」が上がるのはどのよう な場合か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage explains '情報占有率' (information occupancy rate) using the example of Wada-kun. It states that the 'information occupancy rate' of a mistake differs between a supervisor who has seen Wada-kun for 3 years and a supervisor who 'suddenly encountered Wada-kun's mistake upon transfer' (異動していきなり輪田くんのミスに出くわした上司). The latter, having only one instance of interaction (the mistake), will have a much higher 'occupancy rate' for that mistake. This corresponds to a supervisor with a 'short relationship' (付き合いの短い上司) encountering a mistake for the first time (ミスを1回した場合).
Why other options are incorrect:
For a supervisor with a long relationship, one mistake would have a *low* information occupancy rate because it's diluted by three years of flawless work.
While three mistakes would increase the rate compared to one, for a long-term supervisor, the rate would still be lower than for a new supervisor encountering even one mistake. The core concept is the *proportion* of negative information relative to total information.
While this would result in a high information occupancy rate, the passage's example for a *high* rate is specifically the *first* mistake encountered by a *new* supervisor, implying a single instance of negative information dominating a short interaction. Three mistakes would certainly be high, but the most direct example of 'high occupancy' from the text is the single mistake for the new supervisor.
64. <u>自分にうそのないふるまい</u>とはどのようなものか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage initially suggests that '自分にうそのないふるまい' means acting as you usually do (普段どおり静かにしていればいい). However, it then presents a scenario where a normally calm person is aggressive due to a bad day. In this case, acting on that temporary aggression (その時々の素直な気持ち) would be 'true to yourself' in a literal sense, but it would misrepresent your 'true image' (実像) to a new acquaintance. The author concludes: "If you are 99% calm normally, conveying your usual calmness (いつもの穏やかさを伝える方) rather than the 1% abnormality, ultimately conveys your honest self." Therefore, '自分にうそのないふるまい' means showing your usual self.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage explicitly argues against this interpretation in the latter half, stating that expressing temporary negative feelings (like being aggressive on a bad day) would misrepresent one's true self to a new acquaintance, even if it's 'honest' in that moment.
While honesty is implied, the focus is on one's *behavior* and *overall impression*, not just conveying thoughts. The example of being aggressive on a bad day shows that simply expressing what you feel *at that moment* might not be the best way to convey your 'true self'.
Similar to option 2, this focuses on verbal honesty. The passage's definition of '自分にうそのないふるまい' extends beyond just speaking honestly to encompass one's overall demeanor and how it reflects their typical self.
65. 筆者は、なぜ初対面の相手に慎重になったほうがいいと述べているのか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states: "The other person does not judge you based on all the information you have accumulated from the past. Ultimately, you are judged only by the information the other person has at that moment." It then gives the example of a rare angry outburst becoming 100% of the information for a stranger. This is why one needs to be cautious: a small, uncharacteristic piece of information can disproportionately influence the initial impression. Option 2, 'Because the other person might judge everything about you based on only a part of the information about you,' directly reflects this.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage actually advises acting 'as usual' (普段どおりにやること) with strangers to convey one's true self, implying that one's usual self *can* convey one's good qualities, provided it's the dominant aspect.
The passage focuses on how *you* are perceived by the other person, not on assessing the other person's compatibility with you.
The passage advises being 'cautious' (慎重さがいる) but not necessarily to make the other person think that a 'cautious demeanor' is your true image. The goal is to convey your *actual* true image, which is usually your calm, everyday self, not a specially cautious one.
66. 自分の「メディアカ」について、筆者はどのようにするのがよいと述べているのか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states: "To engrave a suitable 'media value' (メディアカ) in the other person, it's good to be a little conscious of the 'information occupancy rate'." It then concludes: "Ultimately, a 'media value' closer to your true image (実像に近い「メディアカ」) will be formed in the other person's mind. With strangers, it's important to maintain composure and act as usual." This implies being mindful of how your actions contribute to the 'media value' and ensuring it accurately reflects your true self. Option 1, 'Be conscious so that your 'media value' is accurately conveyed to the other person,' aligns with this.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage explicitly advises against trying to 'show off' (かっこつけるのでもなく) or appear 'more than you are'. The ideal is to convey your '等身大の' (as-is, unexaggerated) self.
The passage advises being 'conscious' (意識してみるといい) of the information occupancy rate and the 'media value' you project, especially with new acquaintances. So, one should *not* ignore it.
While it advises being quiet if you are usually quiet, the primary goal is not just to 'not lower' your media value, but to ensure it accurately reflects your true self. The advice to be quiet is specific to quiet people, not a general strategy for everyone.
問題 13 右のページは、陶磁器を作っている会社のホームページに載っている案内である。下の問いに対する答えとして最も良いものを、1・2・3.4から一つえらびなさい。
Reading Passage
田原陶芸では、陶芸器の生地の製造から絵付けまでを見学したり、カップや茶碗作りを体験 したりすることができます。ご自身がお作りになったものは、後日お送りいたします。
開始時間
①09時、②10時、③14時
所要時間
A. 工場見学と陶芸体験:約80分
B. 工場見学:約30分
注意:土、日、祝日は工場の一部ができない場合もございます。
予約方法
インターネット
http://tahara-togei/koji-kengaku/yoyaku/
電話番号 0731-92-3604(8:30~16:50)
休業日
年末年始、お盆
費用
工場見学:無料、陶芸体験:2000円(送料込み)
所在地
安見市西町5982
問い合わせ先
田原陶芸株式会社 工場見学、陶芸体験担当
電話 0731-92-3604 (8:30~16:50)
※ 1 インターネットのご予約は、見学希望日の3日前まで承っております。
※ 2 お電話でのご予約は、見学希望日の前日まで承っております。
以下のお客様に関しては、必ずお電話でご予約ください。準備等ございますので、見学希望日の 七日前までにお申し込みをお願います。
● 10名以上の団体で利用されるお客様
● 学校にかかわる活動で利用されるお客様
明日(12月15日)から一週間の予約状況 ○予約可 △残り2名以下 ×不可
| | 15 (火) | 16 (水) | 17 (木) | 18(金) | 19(土) | 20(日) | 21(月) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ① 9時 | x | o | o | x | △ | o | x |
| ② 10時 | △ | x | x | o | x | x | x |
| ③ 14時 | △ | △ | o | o | x | o | △ |
English Summary & Annotations
67. ソン先生は、来月以降にクラスの学生15名を連れて、「B.工場見学」に行きたいと考 えている。予約に関して、注意しなければならないことは何か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The problem states that Mr. Son wants to bring 15 students (15名). The special reservation rule states: "For customers using with a group of 10 or more people (10名以上の団体で利用されるお客様) OR customers using for school-related activities (学校にかかわる活動で利用されるお客様), please be sure to make a reservation by phone. We ask that you apply at least seven days before your desired visit date (見学希望日の七日前までにお申し込みをお願います) due to preparations." Since 15 students is a group of 10 or more, and it's for a class (school-related), both conditions apply. Therefore, the reservation must be made by phone, 7 days in advance.
Why other options are incorrect:
These are the general reservation rules. However, for groups of 10 or more or school-related activities, a special rule applies, requiring phone reservation 7 days in advance.
While 7 days in advance is correct for this group, the reservation *must* be by phone, not 'internet or phone'.
This is the general rule for phone reservations, but for groups of 10 or more or school-related activities, it must be 7 days in advance, not the day before.
68. マルコさんは友達と3人で「A.工場見学と陶芸体験」に行きたいと考えている。12月 15 日から21日の間の3人の空いている日時をメモにまとめたが、予約が入れられる日時 はいつか。また、当日の見学についての注意事項として、あっているのはどれか。 マルコさんのメモ | ハヌルさん | 16午後のみ、20 午前のみ | | アットさん | 16午後のみ、18、19午前のみ、20、21 | | マルコ | 16、19午後のみ、20、21 |
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
First, let's find the common available times for all three people from their memo and the reservation status table: * **16日 (水) - Wednesday:** * Hanuru: 午後のみ (afternoon only) -> 14時 (14:00) slot. * Atto: 午後のみ (afternoon only) -> 14時 (14:00) slot. * Marco: 16 (all day) -> 14時 (14:00) slot. * Reservation table for 16日 14時: △ (2 or fewer spots left). Since there are 3 people, this slot is not available for all of them. * **18日 (金) - Friday:** * Hanuru: Not available. * Atto: 18 (all day) -> 9時, 10時, 14時 slots. * Marco: Not available. * Since Hanuru is not available, 18日は不可 (not possible). * **19日 (土) - Saturday:** * Hanuru: Not available. * Atto: 午前のみ (morning only) -> 9時, 10時 slots. * Marco: 午後のみ (afternoon only) -> 14時 slot. * No common time for all three. * **20日 (日) - Sunday:** * Hanuru: 午前のみ (morning only) -> 9時, 10時 slots. * Atto: 20 (all day) -> 9時, 10時, 14時 slots. * Marco: 20 (all day) -> 9時, 10時, 14時 slots. * Common morning slots: 9時, 10時. * Reservation table for 20日 9時: ○ (available). This works for 3 people. * Reservation table for 20日 10時: × (unavailable). So, the only available time for all three is **20日の9時**. Next, check the note about factory tours: "注意:土、日、祝日は工場の一部ができない場合もございます。" (Note: On Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, part of the factory might not be accessible.) Since December 20th is a Sunday (日), it means that "見学は一部できない所がある" (part of the tour might not be accessible). Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.
Why other options are incorrect:
16日の14時 is △ (2 or fewer spots left), so it's not available for 3 people. Also, 16日 is a Wednesday (水), so the note about parts of the factory being inaccessible on weekends/holidays does not apply to 16日.
18日 is not available for Hanuru. The note about parts of the factory being inaccessible applies to 20日 (Sunday) but not 16日 (Wednesday).
20日の9時 is available (○). The factory tour is possible, but *part* of it might not be accessible, not that it's entirely impossible.