2020/12 JLPT N1 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
問題1___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1から一つ選びなさい。
1. 山自分の将来について、他人には<u>干渉</u>されたくない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
干渉 (かんしょう) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'interference' or 'meddling'. The sentence means 'I don't want others to interfere with my future.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 干渉.
This is an incorrect reading for 干渉.
This is an incorrect reading for 干渉.
2.田中選手は、最後まで<u>粘って</u>、ついに勝利を収めた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
粘って (ねばって) is the correct reading for 粘る, meaning 'to persevere' or 'to stick to it'. The sentence means 'Player Tanaka persevered until the end and finally achieved victory.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 争って, meaning 'to compete' or 'to dispute'.
This is the reading for 競って, meaning 'to compete'.
This is the reading for 踏ん張って, meaning 'to brace oneself' or 'to stand firm'.
3. 手品師の<u>巧妙</u>なテクニックに観客から拍手が起こった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
巧妙 (こうみょう) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'skillful', 'clever', or 'ingenious'. The sentence means 'The audience applauded the magician's ingenious technique.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 巧妙.
This is an incorrect reading for 巧妙.
This is an incorrect reading for 巧妙.
4. 書類にミスがあったので、すぐに修正を<u>促した</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
促した (うながした) is the correct reading for 促す, meaning 'to urge' or 'to prompt'. The sentence means 'There was a mistake in the document, so I immediately urged for corrections.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 済ました, meaning 'finished' or 'settled'.
This is the reading for 施した, meaning 'applied' or 'provided'.
This is the reading for 急かした, meaning 'hurried' or 'rushed'.
5. 適切な<u>措置</u>によって、問題が拡大するのを防ぐことができた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
措置 (そち) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'measure' or 'step'. The sentence means 'Appropriate measures prevented the problem from escalating.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 装置, meaning 'equipment' or 'device'.
This is an incorrect reading for 措置.
This is the reading for 承知, meaning 'consent' or 'acknowledgment'.
6. スポーツを通じて、地域の<u>振興</u>を図りたい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
振興 (しんこう) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'promotion' or 'development'. The sentence means 'I want to promote regional development through sports.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 振興.
This is an incorrect reading for 振興.
This is the reading for 人口, meaning 'population'.
問題2( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
7. 商品の値段を間違えて表示していたため、お客さんから( )が来た。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
クレーム (claim) is the most appropriate word here, meaning a complaint or claim from a customer. The sentence means 'Because the product price was displayed incorrectly, a complaint came from the customer.'
Why other options are incorrect:
エラー (error) refers to a mistake itself, not the resulting complaint.
ノルマ (quota) refers to a set amount of work or target.
ダメージ (damage) refers to physical or emotional harm.
8. 御社は新技術を導入することになった( )についてお聞かせください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
経緯 (けいい) means 'details', 'circumstances', or 'background'. It's used to ask for the full story or process leading to a situation. The sentence means 'Please tell us about the circumstances that led your company to introduce new technology.'
Why other options are incorrect:
軌道 (きどう) means 'orbit' or 'track'.
経路 (けいろ) means 'route' or 'path'.
軌跡 (きせき) means 'locus' or 'trajectory'.
9. この映画のストーリーは、地球の歴史を描いた( )ものだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
壮大な (そうだいな) means 'magnificent', 'grand', or 'epic'. It perfectly describes a story depicting the history of the Earth. The sentence means 'The story of this movie is a magnificent one depicting the history of the Earth.'
Why other options are incorrect:
絶大な (ぜつだいな) means 'tremendous' or 'immense', usually used for power or influence.
盛大な (せいだいな) means 'grand' or 'prosperous', often used for events or celebrations.
甚大な (じんだいな) means 'enormous' or 'severe', usually used for damage or impact.
10. 試験前の一週間は、朝から晩まで( )勉強した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
みっちり (micchiri) is an adverb meaning 'thoroughly', 'strictly', or 'diligently', often used for studying or training. The sentence means 'For one week before the exam, I studied diligently from morning till night.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ぐっすり (gussuri) means 'soundly' (asleep).
べったり (bettari) means 'stickily' or 'clinging'.
めっきり (mekkiri) means 'remarkably' or 'noticeably' (often for changes).
11. 住民からの要望で、空き地に放置されたごみの ( )が行われた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
撤去 (てっきょ) means 'removal' or 'withdrawal', specifically for things that are obstructing or left in a place they shouldn't be. It's suitable for removing abandoned trash. The sentence means 'At the request of residents, the removal of trash left in the vacant lot was carried out.'
Why other options are incorrect:
消去 (しょうきょ) means 'deletion' or 'erasure' (e.g., data).
駆除 (くじょ) means 'extermination' or 'eradication' (e.g., pests).
削除 (さくじょ) means 'deletion' or 'striking out' (e.g., text, data).
12. 今年のマラソン大会は、天候不良により数日前から開催が ( )いたが、当日は無事 に行われた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
危ぶまれて (あやぶまれて) is the passive form of 危ぶむ (あやぶむ), meaning 'to be feared' or 'to be doubted' (that something will happen). It fits the context of the marathon being in doubt due to bad weather. The sentence means 'This year's marathon was feared to be canceled due to bad weather for several days prior, but it was held safely on the day.'
Why other options are incorrect:
おそれられて (osorerarete) is the passive of 恐れる, meaning 'to be feared' (by someone). While similar, 危ぶむ specifically implies doubt about an event's occurrence.
にらまれて (niramarete) is the passive of 睨む, meaning 'to be glared at' or 'to be suspected'.
しぶられて (shiburarete) is the passive of 渋る, meaning 'to be reluctant' or 'to hesitate'.
13. 注文していたテレビゲームが明日届くので、早く遊びたくて( )している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
うずうず (uzuuzu) is an adverb meaning 'to be itching to do something' or 'to be restless with anticipation'. It perfectly describes the feeling of wanting to play a new game. The sentence means 'The video game I ordered will arrive tomorrow, so I'm itching to play it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
びくびく (bikubiku) means 'trembling with fear' or 'nervously'.
おどおど (odoodo) means 'nervously' or 'timidly'.
はらはら (harahara) means 'nervously' or 'anxiously' (often when watching something suspenseful).
問題3___の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
14. それについては<u>エキスパート</u>にも意見を聞いてみよう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
エキスパート (expert) is a loanword meaning a person with extensive knowledge or ability in a particular field. 専門家 (せんもんか) means 'specialist' or 'expert', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'Let's ask an expert for their opinion on that.'
Why other options are incorrect:
発明家 (はつめいか) means 'inventor'.
協力者 (きょうりょくしゃ) means 'collaborator' or 'supporter'.
責任者 (せきにんしゃ) means 'person in charge' or 'responsible person'.
15. 兄は手にした新聞の記事を<u>凝視した</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
凝視した (ぎょうしした) means 'gazed intently' or 'stared'. じっと見た (jitto mita) means 'looked fixedly' or 'stared intently', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'My brother stared intently at the newspaper article in his hand.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ざっと見た (zatto mita) means 'glanced quickly' or 'skimmed'.
ちらっと見た (chiratto mita) means 'glanced briefly'.
ぼうっと見た (boutto mita) means 'looked blankly' or 'stared vacantly'.
16. <u>架空</u>の人物を主人公にして物語を作った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
架空 (かくう) means 'fictional', 'imaginary', or 'unreal'. 想像の (そうぞうの) means 'imaginary' or 'of imagination', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I created a story with a fictional character as the protagonist.'
Why other options are incorrect:
素敵な (すてきな) means 'lovely' or 'wonderful'.
思い出の (おもいでの) means 'of memories' or 'memorable'.
変な (へんな) means 'strange' or 'weird'.
17. 鈴木さんには、<u>かねがね</u>お目にかかりたいと思っておりました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かねがね (kanegane) is an adverb meaning 'for some time past', 'long since', or 'already'. 以前から (いぜんから) means 'from before' or 'for some time', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I have long wanted to meet Mr. Suzuki.'
Why other options are incorrect:
できれば (dekireba) means 'if possible'.
ぜひ (zehi) means 'by all means' or 'definitely'.
早いうちに (hayai uchi ni) means 'at an early stage' or 'as soon as possible'.
18. 商品の原価が上がったが、販売価格への影響は<u>当面</u>ないだろう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
当面 (とうめん) means 'for the time being', 'for the present', or 'for the immediate future'. しばらくは (shibaraku wa) means 'for a while' or 'for the time being', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'Although the cost of the product has increased, there will likely be no impact on the selling price for the time being.'
Why other options are incorrect:
直接は (ちょくせつは) means 'directly'.
まさか (masaka) means 'by no means' or 'impossible'.
大して (taishite) means 'not so much' or 'not particularly' (usually with a negative).
19. 彼はいつも<u>ぼやいている</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ぼやいている (boyaiteiru) is the te-form of ぼやく, meaning 'to grumble', 'to complain', or 'to whine'. 愚痴を言っている (ぐちをいっている) means 'to complain' or 'to grumble', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'He is always complaining.'
Why other options are incorrect:
冗談を言っている (じょうだんをいっている) means 'telling jokes'.
わがままを言っている (wagamama o itteiru) means 'being selfish' or 'making selfish demands'.
独り言を言っている (ひとりごとをいっている) means 'talking to oneself'.
問題4次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選 びなさい。
20. <u>もはや </u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
もはや (mohaya) means 'already', 'now', or 'no longer' (when used with a negative). It indicates a change in state or that something has reached a point where a previous condition is no longer valid. Option 1 correctly uses it to mean 'no longer' applicable. The sentence means 'In today's advertising industry, previous methods will no longer be effective.'
Why other options are incorrect:
もはや doesn't fit the meaning of 'still' or 'continuously'.
もはや doesn't mean 'formerly' or 'once'.
もはや implies a current state, not a future expectation of resolution.
21. <u>円滑</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
円滑 (えんかつ) means 'smoothly', 'harmoniously', or 'without trouble'. It is typically used for processes, operations, or relationships. Option 2 correctly uses it to describe the smooth operation of a meeting/organization. The sentence means 'In order to operate the meeting smoothly, the cooperation of members is indispensable.'
Why other options are incorrect:
円滑 is not used for speaking a language fluently. 流暢 (りゅうちょう) would be more appropriate.
円滑 is not used for writing smoothly.
円滑 is not used for physical movement like climbing a slope smoothly. スムーズに (smoothly) would be more appropriate.
22. <u>怠る</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
怠る (おこたる) means 'to neglect', 'to be negligent', or 'to be idle'. It implies failing to do something that should be done. Option 4 correctly uses it to mean 'must not neglect attention'. The sentence means 'When handling this medicine, you must never neglect caution.'
Why other options are incorrect:
怠る is not used for prohibiting something. 控える (ひかえる) or 遠慮する (えんりょする) would be more appropriate.
怠る is not used for skipping or omitting an activity due to lack of time. 手抜きする (てぬきする) or 省く (はぶく) would be more appropriate.
While it can be used for neglecting hobbies, the nuance is more about neglecting duties. In this context, 疎かにする (おろそかにする) or やめてしまう (yamete shimau) might be more natural. However, option 4 is a much clearer and more common usage.
23. <u>失脚</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
失脚 (しっきゃく) means 'to lose one's position', 'to fall from power', or 'to be overthrown'. It specifically refers to losing a high-ranking position or status. Option 1 correctly uses it for a minister losing their position due to a scandal. The sentence means 'When the minister fell from power due to a corruption scandal, the public's distrust of politics increased even further.'
Why other options are incorrect:
失脚 is not used for losing confidence. 喪失する (そうしつする) or 失う (うしなう) would be more appropriate.
失脚 is not used for losing social credibility. 失墜する (しっついする) would be more appropriate.
失脚 is not used for being disqualified in a race. 失格する (しっかくする) would be more appropriate.
24. <u>収容</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
収容 (しゅうよう) means 'to accommodate', 'to house', or 'to contain' (people or things in a designated space). Option 3 correctly uses it for a theater's capacity to hold spectators. The sentence means 'This theater can accommodate 2,000 spectators.'
Why other options are incorrect:
収容 is not typically used for storing valuables in a safe. 収納 (しゅうのう) or 保管 (ほかん) would be more appropriate.
収容 is not used for including examples in a dictionary. 収録 (しゅうろく) or 掲載 (けいさい) would be more appropriate.
収容 is not used for storing data on a computer. 収録 (しゅうろく) or 保存 (ほぞん) would be more appropriate.
25. <u>実に </u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
実に (じつに) is an adverb meaning 'truly', 'indeed', 'really', or 'very'. It emphasizes the truth or extent of something. Option 3 correctly uses it to emphasize how well the report is written. The sentence means 'This report is truly well-written.'
Why other options are incorrect:
実に is not used for 'completely' or 'fully' recovering. 完全に (かんぜんに) would be more appropriate.
実に is not used for 'truthfully' or 'honestly' speaking. 正直に (しょうじきに) or 本当に (ほんとうに) would be more appropriate.
実に is not used for 'actually' or 'in reality' seeing something. 実際に (じっさいに) would be more appropriate.
問題5次の文の)に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選び なさい。
26. 100 年の伝統を誇るこの旅館のサービスには、老舗旅館( )細やかな心遣いが感じ られる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～ならではの (naradeha no) means 'unique to ~', 'peculiar to ~', or 'only possible with ~'. It expresses that something is characteristic of or exclusive to a particular person, place, or thing. Here, it means the delicate thoughtfulness is unique to a long-established inn. The sentence means 'The service at this inn, boasting a 100-year tradition, offers the delicate thoughtfulness unique to a long-established inn.'
Why other options are incorrect:
～ごときの (gotoki no) means 'like ~' or 'such as ~', often used with a negative or dismissive nuance.
～がらみの (garami no) means 'related to ~' or 'involving ~'.
～ほどまでの (hodo made no) means 'to the extent of ~'.
27. 新入社員のころ、取引先の担当者の名前を間違えた( )、契約してもらえなかったこ とがある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～ばかりに (bakari ni) means 'simply because ~' or 'on account of ~', indicating that a negative result occurred solely due to the preceding action. The sentence means 'When I was a new employee, simply because I mistook the name of the client's representative, I sometimes didn't get the contract.'
Why other options are incorrect:
～なんて (nante) expresses surprise, contempt, or emphasis.
～以上は (ijou wa) means 'now that ~' or 'since ~', indicating a logical consequence.
～かと思うと (ka to omou to) means 'no sooner than ~' or 'just when ~', indicating two events happening in quick succession.
28. これまで森さんのことなど何とも思っていなかった。( )最近、なぜか急に恋愛対象 として意識するようになってしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
それが (sore ga) is a conjunction used to introduce a surprising or unexpected turn of events, often contrasting with what was just stated. The sentence means 'Until now, I hadn't thought anything of Mori-san. But recently, for some reason, I suddenly started to see them as a romantic interest.'
Why other options are incorrect:
それは (sore wa) means 'that is' or 'as for that'.
それも (sore mo) means 'that too' or 'what's more'.
それか (sore ka) means 'or that' or 'is that so?'.
29. 自動車の新社長に就任した山下春好さんは、会見で、「私が持つノウハウ( )、早期 の黒字化が図れると確信している。」と述べた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～をもってすれば (o motte sureba) means 'if one uses ~' or 'with ~' (as a means or ability), implying that something can be achieved due to that means/ability. The sentence means 'Yamashita Haruyoshi, who was appointed as the new president of the automobile company, stated at the press conference, "With the know-how I possess, I am confident that we can achieve profitability early."'
Why other options are incorrect:
～とあってか (to atte ka) means 'perhaps because ~' or 'given that ~'.
～とあってさえ (to atte sae) means 'even if ~' or 'even given that ~'.
～にとってみれば (ni totte mireba) means 'from the perspective of ~' or 'for ~'.
30.できない理由ばかりを探して、( )あきらめてしまう人に、成長はない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
やってもいないうちから (yatte mo inai uchi kara) means 'even before trying' or 'without even having done it'. It fits the context of giving up prematurely. The sentence means 'There is no growth for people who only look for reasons why they can't do something and give up even before trying.'
Why other options are incorrect:
やることはないにしろ (yaru koto wa nai ni shiro) means 'even if there's no need to do it'.
やりようがないにもかかわらず (yariyou ga nai ni mo kakawarazu) means 'despite there being no way to do it'.
やってしまってからでないと (yatte shimatte kara de nai to) means 'unless one has done it first'.
31. A「ねえ、この漫画、面白いよ。」<br> B「興味ない。」 <br>A「そんなこと言って。本当は読んでみたくてしかたが( )。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～くせに (kuse ni) means 'though ~' or 'despite ~', expressing a critical or accusatory nuance that someone is doing something despite knowing better or despite a contradiction. Here, A is accusing B of pretending not to be interested despite actually wanting to read it. The sentence means "A: Hey, this manga is interesting! B: Not interested. A: Don't say that! You're actually dying to read it, aren't you?"
Why other options are incorrect:
～なくちゃ (nakucha) is a contraction of ～なければならない, meaning 'must do'.
～ないけど (nai kedo) means 'is not, but'.
～なくたって (nakutatte) is a contraction of ～なくても, meaning 'even if not'.
32. 次の試合の相手とは前回の大会で一度く( )。前回は負けたが、今回は絶対に勝ちたい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
対戦している (taisen shiteiru) means 'have competed against' or 'have played against'. The -ている form indicates a state resulting from a past action, which fits the context of having faced an opponent before. The sentence means 'I have competed against the opponent for the next match once in the previous tournament. I lost last time, but I definitely want to win this time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
対戦してくる (taisen shite kuru) implies the opponent coming to play against the speaker.
対戦してみる (taisen shite miru) means 'to try playing against'.
対戦していく (taisen shite iku) implies continuing to play against or moving on to play against.
33. (旅館のパンプレットで)<br> 電車でお越しのお客様は、最寄りの森川駅までスタッフがお迎えに( )ので、前日ま でにご到着予定時間をおしらせください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あがります (agarimasu) is the humble form of 行きます (ikimasu) or 来ます (kimasu), used when the speaker's (or their group's) action is directed towards a superior or a guest. Here, the staff (speaker's group) goes to pick up the guests. The sentence means '(From the inn's pamphlet) For guests arriving by train, our staff will come to pick you up at the nearest Morikawa Station, so please inform us of your estimated arrival time by the day before.'
Why other options are incorrect:
見えます (miemasu) means 'can be seen' or 'appears'.
くださいます (kudasaimasu) is honorific for くれる, meaning 'to give (to me/us)'. Used when a superior does something for the speaker.
さし上げます (sashiagemasu) is the humble form of あげる, meaning 'to give (to a superior)'. Used when the speaker gives something to a superior.
34. 夕べは、せっかく北山まで夜景を見に行ったのに、ものすごい強風と寒さで、夜景を( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～どころではなかった (dokoro de wa nakatta) means 'it was not the time/place for ~' or 'far from ~', indicating that the situation was so bad that the activity was impossible or inappropriate. The sentence means 'Last night, even though I went all the way to Kitayama to see the night view, the strong winds and cold were so terrible that it was impossible to enjoy the night view.'
Why other options are incorrect:
楽しまずにはいられなかった (tanoshimazu ni wa irarenakatta) means 'couldn't help but enjoy'. This contradicts the context.
楽しめないことはなかった (tanoshimenai koto wa nakatta) means 'it wasn't that I couldn't enjoy it' (double negative, implying I could enjoy it to some extent). This contradicts the context.
楽しむつもりはなかった (tanoshimu tsumori wa nakatta) means 'had no intention of enjoying'. This contradicts the initial statement of going to see the night view.
35. (会社で) <br> A「知っています?部長が、売り上げを半年で5倍にするって言っているらしいですよ。」 <br>B「5倍?ありえないよ。どう考えてもさすがに( )。」<br> A「そうですよね。無理ですよね。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～ってもんだ (tte monda) is a colloquial expression meaning 'it's natural that ~' or 'it's a matter of course that ~', often used to express a strong opinion or conclusion. Here, B is strongly asserting that it's naturally impossible. The sentence means "A: Do you know? The manager is apparently saying he'll increase sales fivefold in six months. B: Fivefold? That's impossible. No matter how you look at it, that's just naturally impossible. A: Right. It's impossible."
Why other options are incorrect:
無理するもんだ (muri suru monda) means 'it's natural to overdo it'. Doesn't fit the context of impossibility.
無理するもんか (muri suru mon ka) means 'how could one possibly overdo it?' or 'it's not something one would overdo'. Doesn't fit the context of impossibility.
無理なもんか (muri na mon ka) implies 'is it impossible?' or 'it's not impossible'. This contradicts B's strong assertion of impossibility.
問題6次の文の、_★_に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
36. この花火大会は、日本の夏を語る ___ ___ _★_ ___有名だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「日本の夏を語る<u>うえで</u> <u>欠かせない</u> <u>イベント</u> <u>として</u>有名だ。」 (Nihon no natsu o kataru ue de kakasenai ibento to shite yuumei da.). This means "This fireworks festival is famous as an indispensable event when talking about Japanese summer." The `★` position is for 「イベント」.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 「うえで」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「として」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「欠かせない」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
37. 子供にいろいろなことを習わせたいという親の気持ちはよくわかるが、子供の遊ぶ時間 を奪って ___ ___ _★_ ___ ないと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「子供の遊ぶ時間を奪って<u>まで</u> <u>無理に</u> <u>やらせる</u> <u>必要は</u>ないと思う。」 (Kodomo no asobu jikan o ubatte made muri ni yarasu hitsuyou wa nai to omou.). This means "I understand parents' desire to have their children learn various things, but I don't think it's necessary to force them to do so to the extent of taking away their playtime." The `★` position is for 「やらせる」.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 「必要は」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「まで」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「無理に」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
38. A「おとといは大雨、昨日は車のバンク。旅行に来てからトラブル続きで嫌になるよね。」<br> B「本当だよ。最終日の___ ___ _★_ ___ 。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「最終日の<u>今日こそ</u> <u>何も</u> <u>起きません</u> <u>ように</u>。」 (Saishuu-bi no kyou koso nani mo okimasen you ni.). This means "It's the last day, so I really hope nothing happens today." The `★` position is for 「起きません」. The phrase 「～ませんように」 expresses a strong wish that something does not happen.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 「何も」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「今日こそ」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「ように」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
39. 2025年には介護を必要とする高齢者が著しく増加することから、多くの専門家が「介護 施設員の給与を引き上げる___ ___ _★_ ___ 」と指摘する。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「介護施設員の給与を引き上げる<u>などして</u> <u>介護に携わる</u> <u>人材を確保することが</u> <u>緊急の課題</u>だ」 (Kaigo shisetsu-in no kyuuyo o hikiageru nado shite kaigo ni tazusawaru jinzai o kakuho suru koto ga kinkyuu no kadai da.). This means "Many experts point out that securing personnel involved in nursing care, for example by raising the salaries of nursing home staff, is an urgent issue." The `★` position is for 「人材を確保することが」.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 「などして」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「緊急の課題」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「介護に携わる」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
40. 川北市出身の画家平一明の___ ___ _★_ ___、先週20日に完成した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「川北市出身の画家平一明の<u>業績を後世に伝えようと</u> <u>川北市が</u> <u>建設を進めていた</u> <u>記念美術館が</u>、先週20日に完成した。」 (Kawakitashi shusshin no gaka Hira Kazumei no gyouseki o kousei ni tsutaeyou to Kawakitashi ga kensetsu o susumete ita kinen bijutsukan ga, senshuu hatsuka ni kansei shita.). This means "The memorial art museum, which Kawakita City had been constructing to pass on the achievements of Hira Kazumei, a painter from Kawakita City, to future generations, was completed last week on the 20th." The `★` position is for 「建設を進めていた」.
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 「川北市が」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「記念美術館が、」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
Placing 「業績を後世に伝えようと」 at the `★` position would result in an ungrammatical sentence.
問題7 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の趣旨を踏まえて、41から44の中に入る最も良いものを、1・2・3・4から1つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
「事実は小説よりも奇なり」___と言われるのは、たいていの場合、事実は平凡で小説が奇であるからこそ、いや、そうでないこともあるのだぞ、という警告を込めてのことであろう。
実物よりもそれを写した写真や絵の方が美しく、実在の悪党よりもそれを主人公として描いた小説や映画の中に出てくるそいつの方が、ずっと、悪球残虐な印象を与えるということがある。芸術の力、言葉の【41】。
私は永井和風の小品「春のおとずれ」(明治42年作)を読んだとき、かるい衝撃を受けた。生まれてこのかた、何十回もの春の訪れを実験(実際に体験)してきたにもかかわらず、荷風がたった七、ハページの文章の中で描写した春の息吹き、鼓動の一万分の一すらも私は実感したことがないということに気づいたのである。
私は荷風の文章___庭の土の色の変化+E55や庭先に生動するや野菊の様子、流れる渡る日の光、風ともつかぬゆるやかな大気の動き、驚や権の声、それらの仔細を美しい言葉にのせて綴った文章を読んで、はじめて、訪れる春の本質というものを感じ、かつ知ったような気がした。大自然を凌駕する文芸の力がそこにあった。
私の敬愛する知人の一人が【42】言った。＿＿＿「昔、文学をやろうと思ったこともあったが、永井和風がいるんでやめたよ。荷風があれだけのことをやっているんだもの。おれが何か書いたってかないっこないし、またその必要もないしね。」
はじめ、冗談半分のつくりごとか、照れかくしのための大げさな言い回しかと思っていた。この言葉を聞いて二十年たち、その間、この人と文学談めいた話は二度と交わしたことはないが、このごろ、あれはホンネだったのだと、【43】。
文筆の才があり、今も若い人たちに慕われている人である。表立ったところには一切ものを書こうとはしない。著書なんかとんでもないという人である。私はこの人は荷風の毒にあたったのではないかと思う。あまりにもすぐれた文芸は、そのつよいであとに来る人の(注２)意気を阻喪してしまうことがあるのではないか。【44】明治四十二年以来、有名作家の筆になるもので、春の訪れそのものを描いた作品はほとんど見当らないようであるか?
(注1)永井和風:20世紀初めから半ばにかけて活躍した小説家
(注2)意気を阻喪する:やる気を失わせる
English Summary & Annotations
【41】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence reads 「芸術の力、言葉の【41】。」. The context is about the powerful impression art and words can make, even surpassing reality. Therefore, 「力である」 (chikara de aru) meaning "is power" or "is the power" fits perfectly, emphasizing that words *are* a form of power.
Why other options are incorrect:
「カでもいい」 (chikara demo ii) means "It's fine even if it's power." This does not fit the strong assertion of the passage.
「カにしよう」 (chikara ni shiyou) means "Let's make it power." This does not fit the descriptive nature of the sentence.
「カにすぎない」 (chikara ni suginai) means "It's nothing more than power." This implies a limitation, which contradicts the passage's emphasis on the profound impact of literature.
【42】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「あるとき (aru toki)」 means 'one time' or 'at one point', referring to an unspecified past occasion. This fits the context of recalling a past statement from an acquaintance.
Why other options are incorrect:
「このとき (kono toki)」 means 'at this time', referring to the present or a specific time just mentioned.
「そのとき (sono toki)」 means 'at that time', referring to a specific time already mentioned or understood.
「あのとき (ano toki)」 means 'at that time (distant past)', often with a nostalgic or specific memory. While it refers to the past, 「あるとき」 is more general and suitable for introducing a past anecdote.
【43】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「思えてきた (omoete kita)」 means 'I've come to think' or 'it has started to feel like', indicating a gradual realization or change in perception over time. This fits the context of the author's understanding of his acquaintance's words evolving over twenty years.
Why other options are incorrect:
「思うそうだ」 (omou sou da) means "I hear that I think." This is grammatically awkward and does not fit the context of a personal realization.
「思わせつつある」 (omowase tsutsu aru) means "It is making me think." This implies an external force, not a personal realization.
「思っているだろう」 (omotte iru darou) means "I probably think." This expresses conjecture, not a personal realization.
【44】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「そういえば (sou ieba)」 means 'speaking of which' or 'now that you mention it'. It's used to introduce a related thought or observation that comes to mind. Here, the author connects the idea of Kafu's "poison" to the observation that few famous authors have written about the arrival of spring since Kafu's work.
Why other options are incorrect:
「もっとも (mottomo)」 means 'most' or 'although' (as a conjunction, it introduces a concession). It does not fit the flow of introducing a new, related thought.
「とはいえ (to wa ie)」 means 'although' or 'nevertheless', introducing a contrasting statement. This does not fit the context of introducing a related observation.
「それどころか (sore dokoro ka)」 means 'on the contrary' or 'far from it', introducing a stronger, often opposite, statement. This does not fit the context of introducing a related observation.