2021/07 JLPT N1 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
問題1___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1から一つ選びなさい。
1. 今回の件については、大変<u>遺憾</u>に思っております。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
遺憾 (いかん) means 'regrettable' or 'unfortunate'. The sentence means 'I am very regretful about this matter.'
Why other options are incorrect:
意外 (いがい) means 'unexpected' or 'surprising'.
威嚇 (いかく) means 'threat' or 'intimidation'.
怒り (いかり) means 'anger'.
2.この門は常時<u>閉鎖</u>されている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
閉鎖 (へいさ) means 'closure' or 'blockade'. The sentence means 'This gate is always closed.'
Why other options are incorrect:
閉塞 (へいそく) means 'blockage' or 'obstruction'.
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
3. どんな時にも、周りへの<u>心遣い</u>を忘れてはいけない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
心遣い (こころづかい) means 'consideration' or 'thoughtfulness'. The sentence means 'You must not forget to be considerate of others at all times.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading.
心伺い (こころうかがい) means 'trying to read someone's mind'.
心地よい (ここちよい) means 'pleasant' or 'comfortable'.
4. 彼は顔を真っ赤にして<u>憤った</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
憤った (いきどおった) is the past tense of 憤る (いきどおる), meaning 'to be indignant' or 'to resent'. The sentence means 'He turned red with indignation.'
Why other options are incorrect:
怒鳴った (どなった) means 'shouted' or 'yelled'.
罵った (ののしった) means 'cursed' or 'abused verbally'.
唸った (うなった) means 'groaned' or 'moaned'.
5. <u>貧富</u>の差が大きくなっているようだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
貧富 (ひんぷ) means 'wealth and poverty'. The sentence means 'It seems that the gap between rich and poor is widening.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
6. <u>治癒</u>するには1か月程度かかる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
治癒 (ちゆ) means 'healing' or 'cure'. The sentence means 'It will take about one month to heal.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
問題2( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
7. 上司は私の提案を( )した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
却下 (きゃっか) means 'rejection' or 'dismissal'. It fits the context of a boss rejecting a proposal. The sentence means 'My boss rejected my proposal.'
Why other options are incorrect:
脱却 (だっきゃく) means 'breaking away from' or 'shaking off'.
駆除 (くじょ) means 'extermination' or 'getting rid of (pests)'.
除去 (じょきょ) means 'removal' or 'elimination'.
8. この子は好奇心が ( )で、わからないことは何でも知りたがる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
旺盛 (おうせい) means 'vigorous' or 'flourishing'. 好奇心旺盛 (こうきしんおうせい) is a common collocation meaning 'very curious'. The sentence means 'This child is very curious and wants to know everything they don't understand.'
Why other options are incorrect:
全盛 (ぜんせい) means 'golden age' or 'peak prosperity'.
盛況 (せいきょう) means 'prosperity' or 'success (of a business/event)'.
盛大 (せいだい) means 'grand' or 'magnificent' (often used for events).
9. このテープルは、脚の部分に美しい彫刻が( )いる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
施す (ほどこす) means 'to apply', 'to give', or 'to perform'. When used with 彫刻 (ちょうこく: carving/sculpture), 施されている means 'carvings are applied/done'. The sentence means 'This table has beautiful carvings applied to its legs.'
Why other options are incorrect:
設ける (もうける) means 'to set up' or 'to establish'.
装う (よそおう) means 'to dress up' or 'to pretend'.
据える (すえる) means 'to set' or 'to place (something heavy)'.
10. 原油価格が高騰し、その( )が世界中に広がっている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
余波 (よは) means 'aftermath' or 'repercussions'. It fits the context of the effects of rising oil prices spreading globally. The sentence means 'Crude oil prices have soared, and their repercussions are spreading worldwide.'
Why other options are incorrect:
転移 (てんい) means 'transfer' or 'metastasis (medical term)'.
投影 (とうえい) means 'projection'.
感染 (かんせん) means 'infection'.
11.( )の利益ばかり考えないで、もっと長期的に物事を捉えなければならな
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
目先 (めさき) means 'immediate future' or 'right in front of one's eyes'. 目先の利益 (めさきのりえき) means 'short-term profits'. The sentence means 'Don't just think about immediate profits; you must view things more long-term.'
Why other options are incorrect:
手中 (しゅちゅう) means 'in one's hand' or 'under one's control'.
足場 (あしば) means 'scaffolding' or 'foothold'.
背後 (はいご) means 'behind' or 'at one's back'.
12. 小さなけんかがもとで、友達との関係が、( )している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ぎくしゃく (gikushaku) is an onomatopoeic word meaning 'awkward', 'strained', or 'creaky'. It describes a relationship that has become strained. The sentence means 'Due to a small quarrel, the relationship with my friend has become strained.'
Why other options are incorrect:
しょんぼり (shonbori) means 'dejected' or 'downhearted'.
ぼんやり (bonyari) means 'vaguely', 'absent-mindedly', or 'dimly'.
うろちょろ (urochoro) means 'loitering' or 'prowling around'.
13. 社長は、会社の将来を( )人材の育成に力を入れている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
担う (になう) means 'to bear' or 'to carry (a burden/responsibility)'. 会社の将来を担う人材 (かいしゃのしょうらいをになうじんざい) means 'personnel who will bear the future of the company'. The sentence means 'The president is focusing on developing personnel who will bear the future of the company.'
Why other options are incorrect:
労る (いたわる) means 'to be kind to' or 'to console'.
養う (やしなう) means 'to cultivate' or 'to support (a family)'.
掲げる (かかげる) means 'to hoist' or 'to put up (a slogan/flag)'.
問題3___の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
14. 祖父は<u>寡黙</u>な人だったそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
寡黙 (かもく) means 'taciturn' or 'reticent', meaning someone who speaks little. 口数が少ない (くちかずがすくない) directly means 'having few words' or 'speaking little'.
Why other options are incorrect:
知識に乏しい (ちしきにとぼしい) means 'lacking in knowledge'.
意見が少ない (いけんがすくない) means 'having few opinions'.
話題に乏しい (わだいにとぼしい) means 'lacking in topics of conversation'.
15. 異なる意見が次々と出されて、会議は<u>紛糾した</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
紛糾する (ふんきゅうする) means 'to be complicated', 'to be entangled', or 'to be in confusion', often due to conflicting opinions. 混乱する (こんらんする) means 'to be confused' or 'to be in disorder'.
Why other options are incorrect:
盛り上がった (もりあがった) means 'got excited' or 'became lively'.
長引いた (ながびいた) means 'was prolonged' or 'dragged on'.
中断した (ちゅうだんした) means 'was interrupted' or 'was suspended'.
16. この様子だと、新薬の発売はかなり<u>ずれ込みそうだ</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ずれ込む (ずれこむ) means 'to be delayed' or 'to fall behind schedule'. Therefore, ずれ込みそうだ means 'it seems likely to be delayed'. 遅くなりそうだ (おそくなりそうだ) means 'it seems likely to be late'.
Why other options are incorrect:
早くなりそうだ (はやくなりそうだ) means 'it seems likely to be early'.
多くなりそうだ (おおくなりそうだ) means 'it seems likely to increase'.
少なくなりそうだ (すくなくなりそうだ) means 'it seems likely to decrease'.
17. 中止の理由は、<u>ろくに</u>説明されなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ろくに (rokuni) is an adverb used with negative verbs, meaning 'hardly', 'scarcely', or 'not properly'. 大して (たいして) also means 'not very' or 'not much' when used with a negative, indicating a lack of something substantial. In this context, 'not properly explained' is the closest meaning.
Why other options are incorrect:
全く (まったく) means 'completely' or 'absolutely (not)'.
なかなか (nakanaka) means 'quite' or 'not easily (with negative)'.
事前に (じぜんに) means 'in advance' or 'prior to'.
18. 今回の開発計画は、これまでのものとは<u>スケール</u>が違う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
スケール (scale) refers to the size or scope of something. 規模 (きぼ) means 'scale', 'size', or 'scope'.
Why other options are incorrect:
方針 (ほうしん) means 'policy' or 'course of action'.
目的 (もくてき) means 'purpose' or 'objective'.
意義 (いぎ) means 'meaning' or 'significance'.
19. この町のりんご産業の発展は、大野氏の<u>関与</u>によるところが大きい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
関与 (かんよ) means 'involvement' or 'participation'. In the context of development, it implies a positive contribution. 貢献 (こうけん) means 'contribution'.
Why other options are incorrect:
援助 (えんじょ) means 'aid' or 'assistance'.
工夫 (くふう) means 'device' or 'contrivance' (e.g., ingenuity).
活躍 (かつやく) means 'activity' or 'success' (e.g., playing an active role).
問題4次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選 びなさい。
20. <u>絶滅</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
絶滅 (ぜつめつ) means 'extinction' and is typically used for species or things that cease to exist entirely. Option 2, 'Dinosaurs are said to have become extinct because they couldn't adapt to environmental changes,' is the correct usage.
Why other options are incorrect:
絶滅 is too strong for 'defeating enemies in a game'. 倒す (たおす: defeat) or 全滅 (ぜんめつ: annihilation) would be more appropriate.
絶滅 is not used for snow melting. 消える (きえる: disappear) is correct.
絶滅 is not typically used for festivals ceasing to exist. 廃れる (すたれる: fall into disuse) or 途絶える (とだえる: cease) would be more appropriate.
21. <u>素早い</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
素早い (すばやい) means 'quick', 'agile', or 'prompt'. It describes actions or reactions. Option 1, 'The fleeing criminal was arrested within the day due to the police's swift response,' correctly uses 素早い to describe a prompt action.
Why other options are incorrect:
素早く (adverb form) is used, but for paper flying away, 勢いよく (いきおいよく: vigorously) or ぱっと (patto: suddenly) would be more natural.
素早い is not used for talking speed. 話し方が速い (はなしかたがはやい: speaks fast) is correct.
素早く is not used for things selling out quickly. あっという間に (attoiumani: in a flash) or すぐに (sugu ni: immediately) would be more natural.
22. <u>露骨</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
露骨 (ろこつ) means 'frank', 'blatant', 'open', or 'explicit'. It often carries a nuance of being unpleasantly direct or obvious. Option 3, 'When I asked him to do the work, he made a blatantly displeased face,' correctly uses 露骨 to describe an obvious and perhaps rude expression.
Why other options are incorrect:
露骨なデザイン (blatant design) is not a natural collocation. 派手な (はでな: flashy) or 露出の多い (ろしゅつの多い: revealing) would be more appropriate.
露骨 is not used for transparency in spending. 明確 (めいかく: clear) or 透明 (とうめい: transparent) would be more appropriate.
露骨 is not used for something being obvious to everyone. 明らか (あきらか: clear/obvious) or 一目瞭然 (いちもくりょうぜん: obvious at a glance) would be more appropriate.
23. <u>交付</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
交付 (こうふ) means 'issuance' or 'granting' of official documents, licenses, or money. Option 4, 'Those who need the issuance of a certificate, please complete the procedures here,' correctly uses 交付 in the context of official document issuance.
Why other options are incorrect:
交付 is not used for 'opportunities'. 提供 (ていきょう: provision) or 付与 (ふよ: grant) would be more appropriate.
交付 is not used for spraying pesticides from the sky. 散布 (さんぷ: spraying) or 散布 (さんぷ: scattering) would be more appropriate.
交付 is not used for distributing snacks. 配布 (はいふ: distribution) or 分配 (ぶんぱい: division) would be more appropriate.
24. <u>かたくな</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かたくな (katakuna) means 'stubborn', 'obstinate', or 'inflexible'. It describes a person's unyielding attitude. Option 3, 'He didn't listen to his family's advice and stubbornly pushed through his own ideas,' correctly uses かたくな to describe a stubborn attitude.
Why other options are incorrect:
かたくな is not used for strong friendship. 固い (かたい: firm) or 強い (つよい: strong) would be more appropriate.
かたくな is not used for tying something tightly. 固く (かたく: firmly) or 強く (つよく: tightly) would be more appropriate.
かたくな is not used for a strong body. 丈夫な (じょうぶな: strong/healthy) or 頑丈な (がんじょうな: sturdy) would be more appropriate.
25. <u>なつく</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
なつく (natsuku) means 'to become fond of' or 'to become attached to (a person or place)', often used for animals or children. Option 4, 'My dog is very attached to my friend,' correctly uses なつく for an animal becoming fond of someone.
Why other options are incorrect:
なついている土地 (land one is attached to) is possible, but 慣れ親しんだ (なれしたしんだ: familiar and accustomed to) is more common for places.
なついている is not used for becoming accustomed to a way of doing things. 慣れている (なれている: accustomed to) is correct.
なついている is not used for a boss becoming fond of an employee. 気に入っている (きにいっている: likes) or 信頼している (しんらいしている: trusts) would be more appropriate.
問題5次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
26. このカメラは、プロの写真家( )、普通の人間には使いこなせないだろ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～ならまだしも means 'if it were X, it would be one thing, but...'. It implies that the first part (X) is acceptable or understandable, but the second part is even more so (or less so, depending on context). Here, 'If it were a professional photographer, it might be manageable, but for an ordinary person, it's impossible to master.' This fits the context of a camera being difficult to use.
Why other options are incorrect:
～はおろか means 'let alone X' or 'not to mention X', implying that even X is difficult/impossible, so something else is even more so. While similar, 'ならまだしも' better conveys the 'if X, then maybe, but...' nuance.
～どころではなく means 'far from X' or 'not in a state to do X'. It doesn't fit the comparison here.
～に比して means 'compared to X'. It's a simple comparison, not conveying the nuance of 'if X, then maybe'.
27. 3000mを超える冬山に、十分な装備もなく単独で登るのは、( ) 極まりない行為だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～極まりない (きわまりない) is a grammar pattern meaning 'extremely X' or 'nothing could be more X'. It attaches to a noun or a な-adjective stem. 危険 (きけん) is a な-adjective (危険な) and also a noun. When used with 極まりない, it takes the noun form. So, 危険極まりない means 'extremely dangerous'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect grammatical form when combined with 極まりない.
This is an incorrect grammatical form when combined with 極まりない.
This is an incorrect grammatical form when combined with 極まりない.
28. 新作ケーム機の発売イベントは、今週末に東京でん( )、全国を巡回していく予定だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～を皮切りに (をかわきりに) means 'starting with X' or 'beginning with X'. It indicates that something begins with a specific event and then continues or expands. The sentence means 'The launch event for the new game console will start in Tokyo this weekend, and then it is scheduled to tour the entire country.'
Why other options are incorrect:
～や否や (やいなや) means 'as soon as X happens, Y happens'. It implies immediate succession, not a starting point for a series of events.
～とたんに (とたんに) means 'the moment X happens, Y happens'. Similar to や否や, it implies immediate succession.
～以来 (いらい) means 'since X'. It indicates a continuous state or action from a past point, not a starting point for a future series of events.
29. 彼は目転車がよほど好きらしい。( )、 毎日楽しそうに目転車で通動してくる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～だろうと～だろうと (darou to darou to) means 'whether X or Y, it doesn't matter' or 'regardless of X or Y'. It expresses that something happens regardless of the conditions. The sentence means 'He seems to really like bicycles. Regardless of whether it's rain or snow, he happily commutes by bicycle every day.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is not a standard grammar pattern for this meaning.
雨でもなく雪でもなく means 'neither rain nor snow'.
雨というか雪というか means 'it's X, or rather Y' or 'it's X, or perhaps Y'. It's used for expressing uncertainty or giving alternative descriptions.
30.「口は災いのもと」というのは、余計なことをついて( )、自らに災いが降りか かるという意味です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～ばかりに (bakari ni) means 'because of X (with a negative consequence)'. It expresses that something negative happened as a direct result of the preceding action. The proverb '口は災いのもと' (kuchi wa wazawai no moto) means 'The mouth is the source of misfortune'. The sentence explains this proverb: 'The proverb "The mouth is the source of misfortune" means that because you say unnecessary things, misfortune befalls you.'
Why other options are incorrect:
～ばかり (bakari) means 'just' or 'only'.
～とおり (toori) means 'as X' or 'in the same way as X'.
This is grammatically incorrect.
31. 歯医者「歯を磨くときに、汚れをく( )、強い力で磨いてしまいがちですが、カを入れすぎると、歯を傷つけてしまいます。優しく磨きましょう。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～あまり (amari) means 'too much' or 'so much that'. When combined with a volitional form (～ようとする), it means 'in one's eagerness to do X, one ends up doing Y (often negative)'. Here, 'in one's eagerness to remove stains, one tends to brush with too much force'. The sentence means 'Dentist: When brushing your teeth, you tend to brush with too much force in your eagerness to remove stains, but if you apply too much force, you will damage your teeth. Please brush gently.'
Why other options are incorrect:
～わりに (wari ni) means 'considering X, Y is surprisingly...'.
This is grammatically incorrect.
～かというと (ka to iu to) means 'when you say X, is it really Y?' or 'whether X or not'.
32. 河川の清掃活動の指揮を任された山田さんは、「大変な仕事ですが、( ) と思っています」と語った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～てやれないことはない (te yarenai koto wa nai) is a double negative meaning 'it's not impossible to do X' or 'one can manage to do X'. It implies that while difficult, it is achievable. The sentence means 'Mr. Yamada, who was entrusted with leading the river cleaning activities, said, "It's a tough job, but I believe it's not impossible to do."'
Why other options are incorrect:
やってやることがない means 'there's nothing to do'.
やってもやるべきではない means 'even if you do it, you shouldn't'.
やってもやれるものでもない means 'it's not something that can be done even if you try'.
33. 就職先は慎重に選ばないと「こんなはずではなかった」( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～かねない (kanenai) means 'might do X' or 'is likely to do X', often implying a negative outcome. ～ということになりかねない means 'it might turn out that X' or 'it could lead to X'. The sentence means 'If you don't choose your workplace carefully, it could turn out to be "This wasn't what I expected."'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is grammatically incorrect.
といったようにならない means 'will not become X'.
ということにはなりえない means 'it cannot possibly become X'.
34. X 社は経営に行き詰まっている。今回の成果主義導入も、労働意欲向上 のためとはいうが、結局は人件費削減を正当化するための口実( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～にすぎない (ni suginai) means 'nothing more than X' or 'merely X'. The archaic/literary form is ～にすぎまい (ni sugimai), which means 'it is probably nothing more than X'. It expresses a strong conviction that something is just X and nothing more. The sentence means 'Company X is facing management difficulties. Although they say this introduction of performance-based pay is for improving employee motivation, in the end, it is probably nothing more than an excuse to justify personnel cost reductions.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is not a standard grammar pattern.
でかまわぬ means 'it doesn't matter if it's X'.
でもあるまい means 'it's probably not X' or 'it couldn't possibly be X'. This is the opposite meaning.
35. (メールで)<br/>初めてご連絡いたします。南市生涯学習課の中島と申します。当市では、来年度、生涯学習をテーマにした講演会を企画しております。つきましては、林先生にぜひご講演をお願 いしたく、( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
～次第です (shidai desu) means 'this is why' or 'this is the situation'. It's a formal way to explain the reason for an action, often used in business communication. The sentence means 'This is my first time contacting you. My name is Nakajima from the Minami City Lifelong Learning Division. Our city is planning a lecture series on lifelong learning for the next fiscal year. Therefore, I am contacting you because I would like to ask Professor Hayashi to give a lecture.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ご連絡を承りました (gorenraku o uketamawarimashita) means 'I received your contact'. This is used when *receiving* contact, not initiating it.
ご連絡をくださいました (gorenraku o kudasaimashita) means 'you contacted me'. This is also used when *receiving* contact from the other party.
ご連絡したことです (gorenraku shita koto desu) is grammatically awkward and not a natural formal expression for explaining the reason for contact.
問題6次の文の、_★_に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
36. そんな簡単なこと、わざわざあなたに ___ ___ _★_ ___。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「説明して もらう までも ない」. This forms the phrase 「～するまでもない」 which means 'there's no need to do X' or 'it's not worth doing X'. The full sentence means 'There's no need for you to explain such a simple thing.' The `★` is at the position of `までも`.
Why other options are incorrect:
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
37. ちょっと考えれば、さっきの話が冗談 ___ ___ _★_ ___、 単純な彼は簡単に信じてしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「冗談 だって ことくらい わかるだろう に」. The phrase 「～だってことくらいわかるだろうに」 means 'you should know that it's X, but...'. The full sentence means 'If he had thought about it a little, he would have known that the previous story was a joke, but being simple-minded, he easily believed it.' The `★` is at the position of `わかるだろう`.
Why other options are incorrect:
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
38. 彼はとても優秀で成績が学年の上位に入っている ___ ___ _★_ ___ 真面目で好感が持てる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「成績が学年の上位に入っている ことが多い のみならず 授業に取り組む 姿勢そのものも 真面目で好感が持てる。」. The phrase 「～のみならず」 means 'not only X, but also Y'. The full sentence means 'He is very excellent and often ranks high in his class, and not only that, but his attitude towards lessons is also serious and likable.' The `★` is at the position of `授業に取り組む`.
Why other options are incorrect:
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
39. 全国高校バスケットボール大会で、惜しくも ___ ___ _★_ ___ しばらくの間、ぼう然としていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「惜しくも あと一歩というところで 優勝を逃した 選手たちは 控え室に戻っても しばらくの間、ぼう然としていた。」. The phrase 「あと一歩というところで～を逃す」 means 'to narrowly miss X'. The full sentence means 'The players who narrowly missed winning the national high school basketball tournament were stunned for a while, even after returning to the locker room.' The `★` is at the position of `選手たちは`.
Why other options are incorrect:
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
40. 私が接客するにあたって ___ ___ _★_ ___ 自分は何をすべきかということだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 「私が接客するにあたって 常に考えているのは お客様が求めていることは 何であって それに応えるために 自分は何をすべきかということだ。」. The phrase 「～は何であって、それに応えるために何をすべきか」 means 'what X is, and what should be done to respond to it'. The full sentence means 'When I serve customers, what I always think about is what the customers are looking for, and what I should do to meet those needs.' The `★` is at the position of `何であって`.
Why other options are incorrect:
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
This option does not complete the sentence correctly when placed at the `★` position.
問題7 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の趣旨を踏まえて、41から44の中に入る最も良いものを、1・2・3・4から1つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
そう云えば、ものすごく若くて、ものすごく浅はかだった三十年ばかり前のわたしは、細長い箱に入ったバラの花(棘ははずしてある)の贈りもの、というのに憧れていたなあ。どんなひとから贈られること想像していたのか。ともかく、箱入りバラを受けとるにふさわしい女性になり たいと【41】
結局、箱入りのバラを贈られることはなかった。そうだ。それを受けとるのにふさわしい女性にはなれなかった。だが、それはそれでよしとしよう。
長細い箱が届いた。
さて、この目の前の長細い箱のなかみ【42】、開ける前からわかっている。長ねぎである。夫の実家(埼玉県熊谷市)の畑からやってきた長ねぎ。実家のあるあたりは、深谷ねぎや下仁田ねぎで有名な地もほど近いのを見ても、ねぎとは相性のいい土壌なのだろうか。どの季 節のねぎも、おいしい。
【43】、私の大雑把な「おいしい」は丹精してねぎを育てる義父(ねぎはおもにちち担当)を喜ばせないだろう。なぜと云って、ちちにすれば、育てたねぎにはその都度、「上出来」、「普通出来」、「甘みもうちょっと」、「おいしいが細い」など、その評価に細かいランク付けがあり、ときには「いまひとつだったんよぉ」と云いながら、またあるときには「これは、よくできた」と顔をほころばせながら、手渡してくれる。だから、どのねぎに向けても、等し く「おいしい」と云うのなんかは......。
このあいだもらってきたばかりなのに、また【44】送ってくれたところを見ると、よほど の自信作なのだろう。
箱入りの長ねぎの花束である。
English Summary & Annotations
【41】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence describes the author's past aspiration. 「～のである」 (no de aru) is a formal or explanatory ending, often used to state a conclusion or a reason. Here, it concludes her past thought: "I wanted to become a woman worthy of receiving boxed roses." This fits the narrative flow of reflecting on a past desire.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～ようだ」 (you da) means 'seems like' and implies uncertainty, which doesn't fit a past personal aspiration.
「～からだ」 (kara da) means 'because' and needs a preceding reason, which isn't directly provided for the blank.
「～そうだ」 (sou da) means 'I heard that' or 'it looks like' and implies hearsay or appearance, not a direct statement of one's own past thought.
【42】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The phrase is 「なかみ【42】、開ける前からわかっている。」. 「～なら」 (nara) here functions as 'as for X' or 'if it's X', setting the topic. 「中身なら、開ける前からわかっている」 means 'As for the contents, I know even before opening it.' This fits the context where she immediately identifies the contents of the box.
Why other options are incorrect:
「～も」 (mo) means 'also' or 'even' and doesn't fit the flow.
「～さえ」 (sae) means 'even' (emphasizing an extreme case) and doesn't fit the context of simply stating what she knows.
「～だけ」 (dake) means 'only' and doesn't fit the context.
【43】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The preceding sentence states "どの季節のねぎも、おいしい。(All seasonal green onions are delicious.)" The following sentence states "私の大雑把な「おいしい」は丹精してねぎを育てる義父を喜ばせないだろう。(My rough 'delicious' probably won't please my father-in-law who meticulously cultivates green onions.)" 「とはいえ」 (to wa ie) means 'although that is true' or 'having said that'. It introduces a contrasting or qualifying statement. This fits perfectly, as it acknowledges the deliciousness but then qualifies it with the father-in-law's detailed standards.
Why other options are incorrect:
「確かに」 (tashika ni) means 'certainly' or 'indeed' and would reinforce the previous statement, not introduce a contrast.
「むしろ」 (mushiro) means 'rather' or 'instead' and implies a preference or alternative, which doesn't fit the contrast here.
「とすると」 (to suru to) means 'if that is the case' or 'then' and implies a logical consequence, not a concession.
【44】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence is 「このあいだもらってきたばかりなのに、また【44】送ってくれたところを見ると、よほどの自信作なのだろう。」. 「こうして」 (koushite) means 'thus', 'in this way', or 'like this'. It refers to the manner or situation. Here, it refers to the act of sending the green onions again. 'Seeing that he sent them again *in this way* (so soon after the last batch), it must be a work he's very confident in.'
Why other options are incorrect:
「そんなに」 (sonna ni) means 'that much' and doesn't fit the context of 'sending again'.
「あのように」 (ano you ni) means 'in that way' (referring to something distant or abstract) and is less direct than こうして.
「どれも」 (dore mo) means 'all of them' and doesn't fit the context of the act of sending.