2022/07 JLPT N1 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
問題1___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1から一つ選びなさい。
1) <u>勇敢</u>に戦う主人公に子どもたちは夢中だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
勇敢 (ゆうかん) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'brave' or 'heroic'. The sentence means 'Children are engrossed in the brave protagonist who fights.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 勇敢.
This is an incorrect reading for 勇敢.
This is an incorrect reading for 勇敢.
2)その件について、<u>忠告</u>すべきかどうか考えている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
忠告 (ちゅうこく) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'advice' or 'warning'. The sentence means 'I'm thinking about whether I should advise him on that matter.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 忠告.
This is an incorrect reading for 忠告.
This is an incorrect reading for 忠告.
3)チームの多くの選手が監督を<u>慕って</u>いるようだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
慕って (したって) is the te-form of 慕う (したう), meaning 'to adore', 'to long for', or 'to look up to'. The sentence means 'Many players on the team seem to look up to the coach.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the te-form of 労る (いたわる), meaning 'to sympathize with' or 'to console'.
This is the te-form of 敬う (うやまう), meaning 'to respect' or 'to revere'.
This is the te-form of 庇う (かばう), meaning 'to protect' or 'to cover for'.
4) 建物の入口は、夜間は<u>施錠</u>されている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
施錠 (せじょう) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'locking' or 'being locked'. The sentence means 'The building entrance is locked at night.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 制定 (seitei), meaning 'establishment' or 'enactment'.
This is an incorrect reading for 施錠.
This is the reading for 正常 (seijou), meaning 'normal' or 'regular', which is not applicable here.
5) 対策の結果、 地盤の<u>沈下</u>は食い止められている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
沈下 (ちんか) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'subsidence' or 'sinking'. The sentence means 'As a result of the measures, the subsidence of the ground has been stopped.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 沈下.
This is the reading for 進化 (shinka), meaning 'evolution', or 真価 (shinka), meaning 'true value', neither of which fits the context.
This is an incorrect reading for 沈下.
6)激しい雪に<u>阻まれて</u>前に進めない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
阻まれて (はばまれて) is the passive form of 阻む (はばむ), meaning 'to obstruct' or 'to hinder'. The sentence means 'We cannot move forward, hindered by the heavy snow.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 囲む (kakomu), meaning 'to surround'.
This is the reading for 絡む (karamu), meaning 'to entangle' or 'to get involved with'.
This is the reading for 拒む (kobamu), meaning 'to refuse' or 'to reject'.
問題2( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
7) 子どもたちは ( )なリズムに合わせ、 手をたたいたり、踊ったりした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
軽快 (けいかい) means 'light', 'rhythmical', or 'brisk'. It perfectly describes a rhythm that makes children want to clap and dance.
Why other options are incorrect:
手軽 (てがる) means 'easy' or 'simple', which doesn't fit the context of a rhythm.
軽率 (けいそつ) means 'rash' or 'thoughtless', which is completely unrelated to rhythm.
気軽 (きがる) means 'carefree' or 'casual', which describes a feeling or attitude, not a rhythm.
8) 予習、授業、復習という( )を繰り返すことで、知識の定着を図る。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
サイクル (cycle) refers to a recurring sequence of events. The process of preparation, class, and review is a cycle that is repeated to solidify knowledge.
Why other options are incorrect:
ピッチ (pitch) refers to the speed or intensity of an activity, not a sequence of steps.
シフト (shift) refers to a change in position, direction, or a work shift, not a repeating process.
ペース (pace) refers to the speed at which something is done, not the sequence of actions themselves.
9) 当事者間では紛争が解決できず、 第三者が ( )に入った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
仲裁 (ちゅうさい) means 'arbitration' or 'mediation'. It is the appropriate term for a third party intervening to resolve a dispute between two parties.
Why other options are incorrect:
代行 (だいこう) means 'acting on behalf of someone', which is not the role of a third party in a dispute.
干渉 (かんしょう) means 'interference', which often has a negative connotation and implies unwanted involvement.
媒介 (ばいかい) means 'mediation' or 'agency', but it is often used in a more technical sense (e.g., for chemical reactions, disease transmission) rather than for dispute resolution between people.
10) そのいたずらは息子の( )に違いない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
しわざ (仕業) means 'deed' or 'act', often used when referring to something mischievous or negative. It fits the context of an 'いたずら' (prank/mischief) being the son's doing.
Why other options are incorrect:
そぶり (素振り) means 'behavior' or 'manner', which refers to how someone acts, not the act itself.
腕前 (うでまえ) means 'skill' or 'ability', which is unrelated to a prank.
扱い (あつかい) means 'treatment' or 'handling', which doesn't fit the context of who committed the prank.
11) 完成間際のマンションに欠陥があることが( )して、工事が中止された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
発覚 (はっかく) means 'detection' or 'coming to light', especially of something hidden or negative. It perfectly describes the discovery of a defect.
Why other options are incorrect:
派生 (はせい) means 'derivation' or 'branching off', which is not applicable to discovering a defect.
波及 (はきゅう) means 'spread' or 'ripple effect', which refers to something extending its influence, not being discovered.
露出 (ろしゅつ) means 'exposure' (e.g., to light, or revealing something), which doesn't fit the context of a defect being found.
12) この温泉には肌にいい成分が含まれているので、 入浴後は肌が( )になります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
すべすべ (sube sube) is an onomatopoeic word meaning 'smooth' or 'silky'. It is used to describe skin that feels soft and pleasant to the touch, which is a desirable effect of good hot spring water.
Why other options are incorrect:
ざらざら (zara zara) means 'rough' or 'gritty'.
ねばねば (neba neba) means 'sticky' or 'gooey'.
ごつごつ (gotsu gotsu) means 'rugged', 'bumpy', or 'knobby'.
13) 議論が( )、話し合いは平行線をたどった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かみ合わない (kami awanai) means 'to not mesh', 'to not engage', or 'to be at cross-purposes'. If a discussion doesn't mesh, it means the participants' arguments or ideas don't connect, leading to no progress (話し合いは平行線をたどった: the discussion went nowhere, literally 'followed parallel lines').
Why other options are incorrect:
掛け合う (kakeau) means 'to negotiate' or 'to bargain'. 'Not negotiating' doesn't directly lead to a discussion going nowhere in this context.
張り合う (hariau) means 'to compete' or 'to rival'. 'Not competing' is irrelevant to a discussion making no progress.
釣り合う (tsuriau) means 'to balance' or 'to match'. 'Not balancing' is not typically used for discussions.
問題3___の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
14) 友人に<u>触発されて</u>、 事業を始めた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
触発される (しょくはつされる) means 'to be inspired' or 'to be triggered' by something. 刺激される (しげきされる) means 'to be stimulated' or 'to be inspired', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I started a business, inspired by my friend.'
Why other options are incorrect:
誘われて (さそわれて) means 'to be invited'.
提案されて (ていあんされて) means 'to be proposed' or 'to be suggested'.
助けられて (たすけられて) means 'to be helped' or 'to be assisted'.
15) 彼の言動にはほとんどの人が<u>閉口</u>している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
閉口する (へいこうする) means 'to be at a loss', 'to be stumped', or 'to be fed up with'. 困る (こまる) means 'to be troubled' or 'to be in difficulty', which is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'Most people are fed up with his words and actions.'
Why other options are incorrect:
慣れて (なれて) means 'to get used to'.
がっかりして (gakkari shite) means 'to be disappointed'.
ほっとして (hotto shite) means 'to be relieved'.
16) 彼は仕事を辞めてから、 <u>気ままな生</u>活をしているようだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
気ままな (きままな) means 'carefree', 'self-indulgent', or 'doing as one pleases'. 自由な (じゆうな) means 'free', which is the closest synonym. The sentence means 'He seems to be living a carefree life since quitting his job.'
Why other options are incorrect:
質素な (しっそな) means 'simple' or 'plain'.
退屈な (たいくつな) means 'boring' or 'tedious'.
ぜいたくな (zeitakuna) means 'luxurious' or 'extravagant'.
17) 6時発の飛行機には、 <u>若干</u>空席があります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
若干 (じゃっかん) means 'a few', 'some', or 'a little'. いくつか (ikutsu ka) means 'a few' or 'some', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'There are a few vacant seats on the 6 o'clock flight.'
Why other options are incorrect:
まだ (mada) means 'still' or 'yet'.
かなり (kanari) means 'quite' or 'considerably'.
おそらく (osoraku) means 'probably' or 'most likely'.
18) これは<u>手分け</u>したほうがいい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
手分け (てわけ) means 'division of labor' or 'sharing work'. 分担 (ぶんたん) means 'sharing responsibility' or 'allotment of duties', which is the closest synonym. The sentence means 'It's better to divide this work.'
Why other options are incorrect:
分割 (ぶんかつ) means 'division' or 'partition' (e.g., dividing a whole into parts).
分別 (ぶんべつ) means 'discretion', 'judgment', or 'sorting' (e.g., trash sorting).
分類 (ぶんるい) means 'classification' or 'categorization'.
19) 林さんが、残った仕事<u>をてきぱきと</u>処理してくれた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
てきぱきと (tekipaki to) is an adverb meaning 'briskly', 'efficiently', or 'quickly and accurately'. 早く正確に (はやくせいかくに: quickly and accurately) is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'Mr. Hayashi efficiently handled the remaining work for me.'
Why other options are incorrect:
時間をかけて丁寧に (jikan o kakete teinei ni) means 'taking time and carefully', which is the opposite of てきぱきと.
張り切る (はりきる) means 'to be in high spirits' or 'to be full of enthusiasm', which describes a state of mind, not how work is done.
嫌がる (いやがる) means 'to dislike' or 'to show reluctance', which is irrelevant to the manner of work.
問題4次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選 びなさい。
20) <u>結末</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
結末 (けつまつ) refers to the 'end', 'conclusion', or 'outcome' of a story, event, or situation. Option 2 correctly uses 結末 to refer to the conclusion of a story.
Why other options are incorrect:
結末 is not typically used for the end of a party. 終わり (owari) or 終了 (shūryō) would be more appropriate.
結末 is not used for the end of a line/queue. 最後 (saigo) or 末尾 (matsubi) would be more appropriate.
結末 is not used for the tip of a branch. 先 (saki) or 先端 (sentan) would be more appropriate.
21) <u>そそる</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
そそる (sosoru) means 'to stimulate', 'to excite', or 'to tempt'. It is commonly used with 食欲 (shokuyoku: appetite) to mean 'to stimulate appetite'. Option 3 correctly uses そそる in this context.
Why other options are incorrect:
注意をそそる is incorrect. 促す (unagasu: to urge) or 喚起する (kanki suru: to arouse) would be more appropriate for 'drawing attention'.
対立をそそる is incorrect. 煽る (aoru: to incite) or 引き起こす (hikiokosu: to cause) would be more appropriate for 'inciting conflict'.
緊張をそそられる is incorrect. 強いられる (shiirareru: to be forced to feel) or 感じている (kanjite iru: to be feeling) would be more appropriate for 'feeling tension'.
22) <u>遮断</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
遮断 (しゃだん) means 'blocking', 'cutting off', or 'interruption'. It is correctly used in Option 1 to mean 'blocking external sound'.
Why other options are incorrect:
稼働を遮断 (blocking operation) is unnatural. 停止 (teishi: stopping) or 中断 (chūdan: suspending) would be more appropriate.
甘い物を遮断 (blocking sweets) is unnatural. 控える (hikaeru: to refrain from) or 断つ (tatsu: to cut off/give up) would be more appropriate.
交際を遮断 (blocking a relationship) is unnatural. 断つ (tatsu: to break off) or やめる (yameru: to stop) would be more appropriate.
23) <u>要請</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
要請 (ようせい) means 'request', 'demand', or 'appeal'. It is correctly used in Option 2 to mean a 'request from a disaster-stricken area'.
Why other options are incorrect:
電力の要請 (request for electricity) is unnatural. 消費 (shōhi: consumption) or 必要 (hitsuyō: need) would be more appropriate.
資格の要請 (request for qualifications) is unnatural. 要求 (yōkyū: requirement) or 必要 (hitsuyō: need) would be more appropriate.
高額な要請 (expensive request) is unnatural. 請求 (seikyū: bill/claim) or 支払い (shiharai: payment) would be more appropriate for a restaurant bill.
24) <u>ぎこちない</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ぎこちない (gikochinai) means 'awkward', 'clumsy', or 'stiff'. It is correctly used in Option 1 to describe movements that become awkward due to nervousness.
Why other options are incorrect:
路面がぎこちない (awkward road surface) is unnatural. でこぼこ (dekoboko: bumpy) or 悪い (warui: bad) would be more appropriate.
生育がぎこちない (awkward growth) is unnatural. 悪い (warui: bad) or 遅い (osoi: slow) would be more appropriate for growth.
声がぎこちない (awkward voice) is unnatural. かすれる (kasureru: hoarse) or 出にくい (denikui: difficult to produce) would be more appropriate for a voice affected by a cold.
25) <u>断じて</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
断じて (danji te) is an adverb meaning 'absolutely', 'positively', or 'by no means'. It is always used with a negative expression to emphasize a strong denial or prohibition. Option 4 correctly uses 断じて with 許されない (yurusarenai: unforgivable) to mean 'absolutely unforgivable'.
Why other options are incorrect:
断じて覚えていない is unnatural. 全く (mattaku: completely) or 少しも (sukoshi mo: not at all) would be more appropriate for 'not remembering at all'.
断じて開かなかった is unnatural. どうしても (dōshitemo: no matter what) or 全く (mattaku: completely) would be more appropriate for 'could not open at all'.
断じて風邪をひくこともなかった is unnatural. めったに (mettani: rarely) or ほとんど (hotondo: hardly) would be more appropriate for 'hardly ever caught a cold'.
問題5次の文の)に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選び なさい。
26) このお寺は、釘などの金属類は( )使わず、木材だけで建てられているそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
いっさい (一切) means 'absolutely no' or 'not at all' when used with a negative verb. It fits the context of the temple being built using only wood, without any metal whatsoever.
Why other options are incorrect:
あまりに (amarini) means 'too much' or 'excessively', which doesn't fit the negative context of 'not using'.
できれば (dekireba) means 'if possible', which implies a preference, not an absolute absence.
どうしても (dōshitemo) means 'by all means' or 'no matter what', which doesn't fit the meaning of 'not using at all'.
27) 旅館の窓から見えた山々は紅葉で鮮やかに色づいており、 澄んだ青空 ( )、 なんとも美しかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
と相まって (to ai matte) means 'combined with' or 'coupled with'. It indicates that two or more elements work together to create a particular effect. Here, the autumn leaves combined with the clear blue sky created a beautiful scene.
Why other options are incorrect:
を経て (o hete) means 'via' or 'through (a process/place)', which is not suitable for describing a combination of elements.
を基に (o moto ni) means 'based on', which implies a foundation or source, not a combination.
と引きかえに (to hikikae ni) means 'in exchange for' or 'in return for', which implies a trade-off.
28) ふるさとの美しい海を見る( )、 この美しい海がいつまでもこのまま であってほしいと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
につけ (ni tsuke) means 'whenever' or 'every time'. It expresses that a certain feeling or thought arises whenever a particular action or event occurs. The sentence means 'Whenever I see the beautiful sea of my hometown, I wish this beautiful sea would remain as it is forever.'
Why other options are incorrect:
にせよ (ni seyo) means 'even if' or 'whether... or not', which expresses concession or alternatives.
とはいえ (to wa ie) means 'although' or 'nonetheless', which expresses a contradiction or concession.
というのは (to iu no wa) means 'that is to say' or 'because', used for explanation or definition.
29) マラソン大会から帰るとき、 電車はすいていたが、 一度座ったら ( )疲れていたので、 ずっと立っていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
立ち上がれそうにないぐらい (tachiagaresou ni nai gurai) means 'so tired that I felt like I couldn't stand up'. This phrase expresses an extreme degree of tiredness, indicating that the speaker was so exhausted that the act of standing up seemed impossible. The sentence means 'When I was returning from the marathon, the train was empty, but once I sat down, I was so tired that I felt like I couldn't stand up, so I kept standing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
立ち上がってはいけないなんて (tachiagatte wa ikenai nante) means 'how terrible that I shouldn't stand up', which doesn't fit the context of extreme fatigue.
立ち上がれそうにないなんて (tachiagaresou ni nai nante) means 'how terrible that I felt like I couldn't stand up', which expresses surprise or dismay, not the degree of tiredness.
立ち上がってはいけないぐらい (tachiagatte wa ikenai gurai) means 'to the extent that I shouldn't stand up', which implies a rule or prohibition, not physical inability due to tiredness.
30) 健康的な生活を送るためには睡眠時間を十分にとる必要があるが、 ただ長く( )、そうではない。 時間だけでなく睡眠の質も重要だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
眠ればいいかというと (nemureba ii ka to iu to) is a common grammatical pattern meaning 'when you ask if it's enough to just sleep long...' or 'if you think it's enough to just sleep long...'. It introduces a nuance that the simple statement is not entirely true or sufficient, which fits the follow-up sentence about the importance of quality of sleep. The sentence means 'To lead a healthy life, it's necessary to get enough sleep, but if you ask if it's enough to just sleep long, that's not the case. Not only the duration but also the quality of sleep is important.'
Why other options are incorrect:
眠ればいいというより (nemureba ii to iu yori) means 'rather than just sleeping long', which implies a comparison, not a questioning of sufficiency.
眠ってもいいかというと (nemutte mo ii ka to iu to) means 'when you ask if it's okay to sleep long...', which implies permission, not sufficiency.
眠ってもいいというより (nemutte mo ii to iu yori) means 'rather than it being okay to sleep long', which is grammatically awkward and doesn't convey the intended meaning.
31) さくら小学校では、児童数が増加して、それまでの教室数では対応 ( )、今年新しい校舎が建設された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
しきれなくなったことから (shikirenakunatta koto kara) means 'because they could no longer handle it completely'. ことから indicates the reason or cause for something. The sentence means 'At Sakura Elementary School, the number of students increased, and the previous number of classrooms could no longer handle them, so a new school building was constructed this year.'
Why other options are incorrect:
しきれなくなったからには (shikirenakunatta kara ni wa) means 'now that they can no longer handle it', which implies a strong determination or consequence, not just a reason.
するほかなくなったからには (suru hoka nakunatta kara ni wa) means 'now that they had no choice but to do it', which is grammatically possible but less natural than 'could no longer handle it' as the direct cause.
するほかなくなったことから (suru hoka nakunatta koto kara) means 'because they had no choice but to do it', which is also a possible reason, but 'could no longer handle it' (対応しきれなくなった) is a more direct and fitting description of the situation leading to construction.
32) ABC 遊園地はオープンからまもなく1年を迎える。 総来場者数は、 先月末の時点850万人に上り、 一周年となる来月には1000万人を超える( )という。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
見込みだ (mikomi da) means 'it is expected' or 'it is foreseen'. It is used to express a future expectation or estimate based on current information. The sentence means 'ABC Amusement Park will soon celebrate its first anniversary since opening. The total number of visitors reached 8.5 million by the end of last month, and it is expected to exceed 10 million by next month, which will be its first anniversary.'
Why other options are incorrect:
限りだ (kagiri da) means 'it's the limit' or 'it's the best', which doesn't fit the context of a future projection.
最中だ (saichū da) means 'in the middle of' or 'in the process of', which refers to something happening currently, not a future expectation.
一方だ (ippō da) means 'continue to' or 'on the other hand', which describes a trend or a contrasting situation.
33) アルバイトを終えて帰ってきたが、 のんびり( )。 明日提出するレポートを完成させなければならない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
てはいられない (te wa irarenai) means 'cannot afford to' or 'cannot remain doing'. It expresses that one cannot continue doing something because of other obligations or circumstances. The sentence means 'I came back after finishing my part-time job, but I can't afford to relax. I have to finish the report due tomorrow.'
Why other options are incorrect:
するしかない (suru shika nai) means 'have no choice but to do', which implies compulsion, not inability to relax due to other tasks.
してしかたがない (shite shikata ga nai) means 'can't help but do' or 'it's unavoidable', which implies an uncontrollable urge or situation.
するまでもない (suru made mo nai) means 'no need to do' or 'it's not worth doing', which is irrelevant to the context.
34) A「あれ、 ぜいたくのぜいって、漢字でどう( )?」<br>B「え、私も思い出せない」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
書くんだっけ (kaku n dakke) is a casual phrase used when trying to recall something, meaning 'How do you write it again?' or 'Was it written like this?'. It perfectly fits the context of someone trying to remember how to write a kanji.
Why other options are incorrect:
書くんだよね (kaku n da yo ne) means 'it's written like this, right?', which seeks confirmation rather than expressing a struggle to recall.
書けるんだよね (kakeru n da yo ne) means 'you can write it, right?', which asks about ability, not the specific way to write it.
書けるんだっけ (kakeru n dakke) means 'could you write it again?' or 'was it that you could write it?', which also asks about ability rather than the specific writing method.
35) 私としては( )のだが、妻は私の一言に感動したらしく、泣かれてしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
泣かせるつもりはなかった (nakaseru tsumori wa nakatta) means 'I had no intention of making her cry'. This fits the context where the speaker's wife cried, but it was an unintended consequence of the speaker's words. The sentence means 'I had no intention of making her cry, but my wife seemed moved by my single word and ended up crying.'
Why other options are incorrect:
泣くつもりはなかった (naku tsumori wa nakatta) means 'I had no intention of crying', which refers to the speaker's own tears, not the wife's.
泣きたくてたまらなかった (nakitakute tamaranakatta) means 'I desperately wanted to cry', which refers to the speaker's own strong desire to cry.
泣かせたくてたまらなかった (nakasetakute tamaranakatta) means 'I desperately wanted to make her cry', which implies a malicious intent, opposite to the context.
問題6次の文の、_★_に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
36) (インタビューで)<br>私が30年間歌手を続けてこられたのは、 ファンの方の支えがあったからです。___ ___ _★_ ___ 歌い続けたいと思っています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: ファンの皆さんが 応援してくれる いる 限り. This forms the phrase 「ファンの皆さんが応援してくれる限り」 (fans no minasan ga ouen shite kureru kagiri), meaning 'as long as my fans support me'. The word 'いる' (iru) is essential to complete the phrase 'いる限り' (iru kagiri), which means 'as long as (someone) exists/is there'. The full sentence means 'The reason I've been able to continue as a singer for 30 years is because of the support from my fans. As long as my fans support me, I want to keep singing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
While 限り is part of the correct phrase, placing it here alone does not complete the sentence structure.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
37) S市が18歳以上の ___ ___ _★_ ___ 運動不足を感じていることがわかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 市民を対象に 運動に関する 意識調査を行ったところ、多くの人が. This forms the phrase 「市民を対象に運動に関する意識調査を行ったところ、多くの人が」 (shimin o taishou ni undou ni kansuru ishiki chousa o okonatta tokoro, ooku no hito ga), meaning 'when they conducted a survey regarding exercise targeting citizens, many people...'. The full sentence means 'S City conducted a survey on exercise among citizens aged 18 and over, and found that many people feel a lack of exercise.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
38) 子供のころ、母はしつけに厳しくて、私はそれが嫌だった。しかし、母が ___ ___ _★_ ___ 今ならわかる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 厳しかったのは、私のことを 思えばこそだったのだと 親になった. This forms the phrase 「厳しかったのは、私のことを思えばこそだったのだと」 (kibishikatta no wa, watashi no koto o omoeba koso datta no da to), meaning 'her strictness was precisely because she cared about me'. The full sentence means 'When I was a child, my mother was strict with discipline, and I disliked it. However, now that I've become a parent, I understand that her strictness was precisely because she cared about me.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
39) 昨年 ___ ___ _★_ ___ 、 若者の間で流行している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: M社から発売された レインコートは 機能性もさることながら そのかわいらしいデザインが話題となり. This forms the phrase 「機能性もさることながらそのかわいらしいデザインが話題となり」 (kinōsei mo saru koto nagara sono kawairashii dezain ga wadai to nari), meaning 'not only its functionality, but also its cute design became a topic'. The full sentence means 'The raincoat released by Company M last year became popular among young people, not only for its functionality but also for its cute design.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
40) 「未来のものづくりコンテスト」は、___ ___ _★_ ___ 、今年で20回目を迎える。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 子供たちに ものづくりの面白さを感じてもらおうと ABC社が創立50周年を機に始めた. This forms the phrase 「子供たちにものづくりの面白さを感じてもらおうとABC社が創立50周年を機に始めた」 (kodomotachi ni monozukuri no omoshirosa o kanjite moraou to ABC-sha ga souritsu gojū shūnen o ki ni hajimeta), meaning 'started by ABC Company on the occasion of its 50th anniversary, aiming to let children experience the fun of manufacturing'. The full sentence means 'The "Future Monozukuri Contest" was started by ABC Company to commemorate its 50th anniversary, aiming to let children experience the fun of manufacturing, and this year marks its 20th edition.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
This option is irrelevant to the context of a 'contest' and does not fit the sentence structure.
This phrase is part of the correct sentence, but it's not the missing piece that completes the grammatical structure with _★_.
問題7 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の趣旨を踏まえて、41から44の中に入る最も良いものを、1・2・3・4から1つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
立場が人をつくる。 とはよく言ったものだと思います。 これは主にビジネスの世界で使われていること はだと思うのですが、 子どもの社会でも同じようなことを感じることが多々あります。
ここ十数年、 私は毎月、保育園の取材を行っていました。いま多くの保育園では0威から五成(就字 前まで)の子どもを受け入れていますが、なかには0歳から二歳児までの低齢児を対象にした保育園もあります。【41】に行って驚くのは、二歳児の姿です。五成児までいる保育園の二歳児や、園に通っていない二歳児と比べると、とにかくしっかりして見えるのです。
どちらがいいとか、わるい、という話ではありません。【42】、「自分は小さい子」という環境で生活をするのと「自分は一番大きい子」という環境て過ごすのでは、やはり行動や意識に違いが出てくると思つのす。それが顕著にあらわれていると思うのは、小学校一年生へと進学したときの子どもたちです。入学前、保育園や幼稚園の年長児(注1)たったときは、少さなお友だちの着替えを手伝ったり、給食や掃除などのお当番活動を行ったり、あそびを通してさまざまな活動のなかで、いろいろな体験をつみかさねていきます。
年長児は、なんでもできるかっこいいお兄ちゃん、お姉ちゃんだったのです。
ところが、小学校に【43】、一年生は面側を見てもらう、小さくてかわいい存在になります。立場が一転するのです。
六年生に手を握られ、トイレに連れて行ってもらっている一年生のなかには、案外まんざらでもない(注2)顔で、その状況に順応している子もいます。それはそれでかわいいのですが。。。けれどいるのです。いえ、実はたくさんの一年生が、お世話されることに対して、なんで?どうして?と感じていると思うのです。
「ぼくはわたしは大きくなったのに!」と。
そんな不満顔の一年生が、なんとも【44】。
子どもは、自分の明日に大きな期待をしている。その期待が、子どものたくましさなのではないかと思うのです。
(注1)年長児:年齢がいちばん上のクラスの幼児
(注2)まんざらでもない嫌ではなさそうな
English Summary & Annotations
【41】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The preceding sentence mentions that 'なかには0歳から二歳児までの低齢児を対象にした保育園もあります' (there are also nurseries targeting young children from 0 to 2 years old). 「そうした保育園」 (soushita hoikuen) means 'such nurseries', referring specifically to these nurseries for younger children, which fits the context of the author's observation.
Why other options are incorrect:
保育園 (hoikuen) is too general. The passage is talking about a specific type of nursery.
ある保育園 (aru hoikuen) means 'a certain nursery', which is less specific than 'such nurseries' given the previous context.
それ以外の保育園 (sore igai no hoikuen) means 'other nurseries (besides those mentioned)', which is the opposite of what the author is describing.
【42】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ただ (tada) functions as a conjunction meaning 'simply', 'merely', or 'however'. In this context, it clarifies that the author is not making a judgment of good or bad, but simply stating a fact about the difference in environment. The sentence means 'It's not a matter of which is good or bad. Simply, there is a difference in behavior and awareness between living in an environment where one is the 'smallest child' and an environment where one is the 'biggest child'.'
Why other options are incorrect:
なお (nao) means 'furthermore' or 'still', which is used to add more information or emphasize a point, not to clarify a distinction.
ゆえに (yueni) means 'therefore' or 'consequently', which indicates a cause-and-effect relationship, not a clarification.
それなのに (sore nanoni) means 'despite that' or 'and yet', which indicates a contradiction, not a simple clarification.
【43】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
とたん (totan) means 'as soon as' or 'the moment'. It indicates that an immediate and often surprising change occurs right after an action. This fits the context of the children's position abruptly changing from being the 'cool older kids' in kindergarten to being 'small and cute' first-graders in elementary school.
Why other options are incorrect:
入学しておきながら (nyuugaku shite okinagara) means 'despite having entered school', which implies a contradiction or unexpected outcome.
入学したとしても (nyuugaku shita to shitemo) means 'even if they enter school', which expresses a hypothetical condition.
入学してはじめて (nyuugaku shite hajimete) means 'only after entering school', which emphasizes that something happens for the first time after an event, but 'とたん' better captures the suddenness of the change in status.
【44】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
たくましく思えます (takumashiku omoemasu) means 'they seem resilient/strong' or 'I feel they are resilient/strong'. This expresses the author's personal impression or feeling about the first-graders' dissatisfaction, which is then supported by the concluding sentence about children's expectations and resilience.
Why other options are incorrect:
たくましいとされています (takumashii to sarete imasu) means 'they are said to be resilient', which implies a general consensus or reputation, not the author's personal feeling.
たくましかったはずです (takumashikatta hazu desu) means 'they should have been resilient' or 'they must have been resilient', which expresses a presumption or expectation about the past.
たくましくなったものです (takumashiku natta mono desu) means 'they have become resilient', which describes a change over time, but the author is expressing a current impression.