JLPT Test N2 in 12/2010

N22010/DecemberGrammar & Reading
Q21 Questions
T~42 minutes
S11 Sections

å•éĄŒ 10 (1)

Reading Passage

æŖŽã¯ã„ã¤ã‚‚į‹Ŧį‰šãĒéĻ™ã‚ŠãĢ包ぞれ、さわやかãĢæ„Ÿã˜ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ãŒã€ãã‚Œã¯ã‚ã‚‹į‰ŠčŗĒぎ劚果ãĢã‚ˆã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽã ã€‚ããŽį‰ŠčŗĒは、木々が動けãĒいäŊ“を厈るためãĢč‡ĒらäŊœã‚Šå‡ēすもぎで、木ãĢつくč™Ģã‚„į´°čŒ(æŗ¨)ぎåĸ—åŠ ã‚’é˜˛ã„ã ã‚Šã€čŊãĄč‘‰ã‚„æž¯ã‚Œæœ¨ãŒč…ãŖãŸã¨ããĒおãĢį”Ÿã˜ã‚‹å̌ãĒãĢおいをæļˆã—ãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹åƒãã‚’æŒãŖãĻいる。さらãĢããŽį‰ŠčŗĒãĢは、äēē間ぎįĨžįĩŒã‚’åŽ‰é™ã•ã›ã‚‹åŠšæžœã‚‚ã‚ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†ã€‚į§ãŸãĄãŒæŖŽæž—ãĢå…ĨるとãƒĒナック゚した気分ãĢãĒるぎは、こぎためだ。

(æŗ¨)į´°čŒ:非常ãĢ小さくãĻį›ŽãĢčĻ‹ãˆãĒã„į”Ÿį‰Š
English Summary & Annotations
The forest always feels refreshing, enveloped in a unique scent, which is due to the effect of a certain substance. This substance is produced by trees themselves to protect their immobile bodies. It works to prevent the increase of insects and `į´°čŒ (さいきん: bacteria)` that attach to trees, and to eliminate unpleasant odors that arise when fallen leaves or dead trees decay. Furthermore, this substance is said to have the effect of calming human nerves. This is why we feel relaxed when we enter a forest.
Question 55

<u>ã‚ã‚‹į‰ŠčŗĒ</u>ぎ働きãĢついãĻ、こぎ文įĢ ã‹ã‚‰ã‚ã‹ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯äŊ•か。

1.äēē間ぎ持つå̌ãĒãĢãŠã„ã‚’é˜˛ãã€‚
2.äēēã€…ãŽæ°—æŒãĄã‚’čŊãĄį€ã‹ã›ã‚‹ã€‚ Correct
3.čŊãĄč‘‰ã‚„æž¯ã‚Œæœ¨ã‚’č…ã‚ŠãĢくくする。
4.æœ¨ã€…ãŒã‚‚ã¨ã‚‚ã¨æŒãŖãĻいるãĢおいをæļˆã™ã€‚
Correct Answer: 2. äēēã€…ãŽæ°—æŒãĄã‚’čŊãĄį€ã‹ã›ã‚‹ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "さらãĢããŽį‰ŠčŗĒãĢは、äēē間ぎįĨžįĩŒã‚’åŽ‰é™ã•ã›ã‚‹åŠšæžœã‚‚ã‚ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†ã€‚į§ãŸãĄãŒæŖŽæž—ãĢå…ĨるとãƒĒナック゚した気分ãĢãĒるぎは、こぎためだ。" (Furthermore, this substance is said to have the effect of calming human nerves. This is why we feel relaxed when we enter a forest.) Option 2, "äēēã€…ãŽæ°—æŒãĄã‚’čŊãĄį€ã‹ã›ã‚‹" (Calms people's feelings), directly matches this statement about calming human nerves and making people feel relaxed.

Why other options are incorrect:
äēē間ぎ持つå̌ãĒãĢãŠã„ã‚’é˜˛ãã€‚

The passage states it eliminates unpleasant odors from decaying leaves and dead trees, not human odors.

čŊãĄč‘‰ã‚„æž¯ã‚Œæœ¨ã‚’č…ã‚ŠãĢくくする。

The passage states it eliminates unpleasant odors *when* fallen leaves and dead trees rot, not that it prevents them from rotting.

æœ¨ã€…ãŒã‚‚ã¨ã‚‚ã¨æŒãŖãĻいるãĢおいをæļˆã™ã€‚

The passage states it eliminates unpleasant odors from decay, not the trees' original scent.

å•éĄŒ 10 (2)

Reading Passage

ã€Œįˇ´įŋ’ãŽãŸã‚ãŽįˇ´įŋ’ã€ãŒčĄŒã‚ã‚ŒãĻいるというチãƒŧãƒ ãŒãŸãã•ã‚“ã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã€‚įˇ´įŋ’はæœŦį•ĒぎčŠĻ合ぎためãĢ存在すずきもぎです。
æœŦį•Ēで最éĢ˜ãŽåŽŸåŠ›ã‚’į™ē揎させるためãĢã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’ã€įˇ´įŋ’とå‘ŧãŗãžã™ã€‚ã™ãĒã‚ãĄã€äŧ‘養することがčŠĻ合ãĢã¨ãŖãĻ、äģŠã€æœ€ã‚‚するずきことだとすれば、äŧ‘é¤Šã“ãå‹ã¤ãŸã‚ãŽįˇ´įŋ’といえるときがあるぎです。äŧ‘養はã‚ĩボることではãĒく、時としãĻᎴįŋ’ãĒぎです。
English Summary & Annotations
Many teams engage in "practice for the sake of practice." However, practice should exist for the actual game. The author defines practice as what one does to demonstrate their best ability in the real game. Therefore, if `äŧ‘養 (きゅうよう: rest)` is the most important thing for a game, then rest can sometimes be considered practice for winning. Rest is not `ã‚ĩボること (さãŧること: slacking off)` but sometimes practice itself.
Question 56

į­†č€…ã¯ã€čŠĻ合で原力をå‡ēすためãĢäŊ•が大äē‹ã ã¨čŋ°ãšãĻいるか。

1.ã€Œįˇ´įŋ’ãŽãŸã‚ãŽįˇ´įŋ’」をすること
2.Ꮄįŋ’でも最éĢ˜ãŽåŠ›ã‚’å‡ēすこと
3.åŋ…čĻã§ã‚ã‚Œã°äŧ‘養を取ること Correct
4.čŠĻ合ぎ前ãĢäŧ‘養を取ること
Correct Answer: 3. åŋ…čĻã§ã‚ã‚Œã°äŧ‘養を取ること
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "すãĒã‚ãĄã€äŧ‘養することがčŠĻ合ãĢã¨ãŖãĻ、äģŠã€æœ€ã‚‚するずきことだとすれば、äŧ‘é¤Šã“ãå‹ã¤ãŸã‚ãŽįˇ´įŋ’といえるときがあるぎです。" (In other words, if resting is the most important thing to do for a game right now, then there are times when rest itself can be called practice for winning.) This directly supports option 3, "åŋ…čĻã§ã‚ã‚Œã°äŧ‘養を取ること" (Taking rest if necessary).

Why other options are incorrect:
ã€Œįˇ´įŋ’ãŽãŸã‚ãŽįˇ´įŋ’」をすること

The author criticizes this, stating practice should be for the actual game.

Ꮄįŋ’でも最éĢ˜ãŽåŠ›ã‚’å‡ēすこと

While good in general, the passage emphasizes that practice is for the *actual game*, and sometimes rest is the best practice.

čŠĻ合ぎ前ãĢäŧ‘養を取ること

The passage says "時としãĻᎴįŋ’ãĒぎです" (sometimes it is practice), implying it's not *always* before the game, but when it's "äģŠã€æœ€ã‚‚するずきこと" (the most important thing to do *now*). Option 3 is more general and accurate.

å•éĄŒ 10 (3)

Reading Passage

å¤§æ‰‹ãƒãƒŗãƒãƒŧã‚Ŧãƒŧåē—がä슿œˆ16æ—Ĩから30æ—Ĩãžã§ã€æ–°å•†å“ãŒãžãšã‹ãŖãŸã‚‰å…¨éĄčŋ”é‡‘ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†ã‚­ãƒŖãƒŗãƒšãƒŧãƒŗ(æŗ¨)を原æ–Ŋする。通äŋĄč˛ŠåŖ˛ãĒãŠã§ã¯ã€æŗ¨æ–‡ã—ãŸå•†å“ãŒæ°—ãĢå…ĨらãĒければそぎäģŖé‡‘ã‚’åŽĸãĢčŋ”金するというäŋč¨ŧåˆļåēĻは一čˆŦįš„ã ãŒã€ãƒãƒŗãƒãƒŧã‚Ŧãƒŧåē—ぎようãĒå¤–éŖŸį”ŖæĨ­ã§ã¯éžå¸¸ãĢįã—ã„čŠĻãŋã ã€‚å‘ŗã¸ãŽč‡ĒäŋĄã‚’į¤ēã™ã“ã¨ãŒį›Žįš„ã§ã€å…¨å›Ŋで一斉ãĢčĄŒã‚ã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚čŋ”金はåŊ“æ—Ĩ限りで、期間中1äēē1回ぎãŋ、それから商品を半分äģĨä¸ŠéŖŸãšãĻいãĒã„ã“ã¨ãŒæĄäģļだ。

(æŗ¨)ã‚­ãƒŖãƒŗãƒšãƒŧãƒŗ:ã“ã“ã§ã¯ã€č˛ŠåŖ˛æ–šæŗ•
English Summary & Annotations
A major hamburger chain will implement a `ã‚­ãƒŖãƒŗãƒšãƒŧãƒŗ (ã‚­ãƒŖãƒŗãƒšãƒŧãƒŗ: campaign)` from the 16th to the 30th of this month, offering a full refund if a new product tastes bad. While such refund policies are common in mail-order sales, this is a very rare attempt for a restaurant chain. The purpose is to show confidence in their taste, and it will be conducted nationwide simultaneously. Refunds are only valid on the same day of purchase, limited to one per person during the campaign period, and the product must not have been eaten more than halfway.
Question 57

å¤§æ‰‹ãƒãƒŗãƒãƒŧã‚Ŧãƒŧåē—がä슿œˆ16æ—Ĩから原æ–ŊするぎはæŦĄãŽãŠã‚Œã‹ã€‚

1.æ–°å•†å“ãŒãžãšã‘ã‚Œã°ã„ã¤ã§ã‚‚å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。
2.ãŠãŽå•†å“ã§ã‚‚ãžãšã‘ã‚Œã°æĄäģļäģ˜ãã§å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。
3.æ–°å•†å“ãŽå‘ŗãŒæ°—ãĢå…ĨらãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã€æĄäģļäģ˜ãã§å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。 Correct
4.ãŠãŽå•†å“ã§ã‚‚å‘ŗãŒæ°—ãĢå…ĨらãĒければ1) å›žã ã‘å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。
Correct Answer: 3. æ–°å•†å“ãŽå‘ŗãŒæ°—ãĢå…ĨらãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã€æĄäģļäģ˜ãã§å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "æ–°å•†å“ãŒãžãšã‹ãŖãŸã‚‰å…¨éĄčŋ”é‡‘ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†ã‚­ãƒŖãƒŗãƒšãƒŧãƒŗ" (a campaign to fully refund if a new product tastes bad) and lists conditions: "čŋ”金はåŊ“æ—Ĩ限りで、期間中1äēē1回ぎãŋ、それから商品を半分äģĨä¸ŠéŖŸãšãĻいãĒã„ã“ã¨ãŒæĄäģļだ。" (Refunds are only valid on the same day, limited to one per person during the period, and the product must not have been eaten more than halfway.) Option 3, "æ–°å•†å“ãŽå‘ŗãŒæ°—ãĢå…ĨらãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã€æĄäģļäģ˜ãã§å…¨éĄčŋ”金する" (If you don't like the taste of a new product, a full refund will be given with conditions), accurately summarizes these points.

Why other options are incorrect:
æ–°å•†å“ãŒãžãšã‘ã‚Œã°ã„ã¤ã§ã‚‚å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。

"いつでも" (any time) is incorrect; there are conditions like "åŊ“æ—Ĩ限り" (same day only) and "期間中" (during the period).

ãŠãŽå•†å“ã§ã‚‚ãžãšã‘ã‚Œã°æĄäģļäģ˜ãã§å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。

The campaign is specifically for "新商品" (new product), not "おぎ商品でも" (any product).

ãŠãŽå•†å“ã§ã‚‚å‘ŗãŒæ°—ãĢå…ĨらãĒければ1) å›žã ã‘å…¨éĄčŋ”金する。

This is incorrect because it applies to "おぎ商品でも" (any product) instead of "新商品" (new product).

å•éĄŒ 10 (4)

Reading Passage

äģĨ下は、あるäŧšį¤žãŒæ–°å•†å“ãŽį™ē襨äŧšã§æĨ場者ãĢæ¸Ąã—ãŸæĄˆå†…ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚

ã”æĄˆå†…

æœŦæ—Ĩã¯æąčĨŋã‚¤ãƒŗãƒ†ãƒĒã‚ĸ新äŊœãƒ™ãƒƒãƒ‰į™ē襨äŧšãĢごæĨ場くださり、ぞことãĢありがとうございぞす。
商品čŗŧå…Ĩ(æŗ¨1)をご希望ぎおåŽĸ様は、受けäģ˜ã§ãŠæ¸Ąã—したごæĨ場者ã‚ĢãƒŧドãĢ商品į•Ēåˇã‚’ã”č¨˜å…Ĩã„ãŸã ãã€č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢãŠæ¸Ąã—ãã ã•ã„ã€‚č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋãƒƒãƒ•ãŒãŠåąŠã‘å…ˆã‚„ã”å¸Œæœ›æ—Ĩをおäŧēいし、そぎ垌、おäŧšč¨ˆã¨ãĒりぞす。ãĒお、そぎ際ãĢäŧšå“Ąč¨ŧを提į¤ē(æŗ¨2)されぞすと5%剞åŧ•とさせãĻいただきぞす。

äŊ•かご不明ãĒį‚šãŒã”ã–ã„ãžã—ãŸã‚‰ã€ãŠæ°—čģŊãĢč˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢãŠåŖ°ã‚’ãŠã‹ã‘ãã ã•ã„ã€‚

(æŗ¨1)čŗŧå…Ĩ:č˛ˇã†ã“ã¨
(æŗ¨2)提į¤ēする:čĻ‹ã›ã‚‹
English Summary & Annotations
This is an announcement given to visitors at a company's new product launch event. It thanks attendees for coming to the Tozai Interior New Bed Exhibition. Customers wishing to `čŗŧå…Ĩ (こうãĢゅう: purchase)` products should fill in the product number on the visitor card received at the reception desk and hand it to a sales staff member. The sales staff will then ask for the delivery address and desired date, after which payment will be made. Additionally, if a membership card is `提į¤ē (ãĻいじ: shown)` at that time, a 5% discount will be applied. Visitors are encouraged to ask sales staff if they have any questions.
Question 58

å•†å“ã‚’č˛ˇã„ãŸã„å ´åˆã¯ãŠã†ã™ã‚Œã°ã„ã„ã‹ã€‚

1.æĨ場者ã‚ĢãƒŧドãĢ商品į•Ēåˇã¨ãŠåąŠã‘å…ˆãŠã‚ˆãŗå¸Œæœ›æ—Ĩã‚’č¨˜å…ĨしãĻč˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ãŸåžŒã€ äģŖé‡‘を支払う。
2.æĨ場者ã‚ĢãƒŧドãĢ商品į•Ēåˇã¨é…é”å¸Œæœ›æ—Ĩã‚’č¨˜å…ĨしãĻč˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ã€ 商品がč‡Ē厅ãĢåąŠã„ãŸã¨ããĢäģŖé‡‘を支払う。
3.商品į•Ēåˇã¨å¸Œæœ›æ—ĨãĒお書いたæĨ場者ã‚Ģãƒŧãƒ‰ã‚’č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ã€ å•†å“ã‚’åąŠã‘ãĻã‚‚ã‚‰ãŖãŸåžŒã§äģŖé‡‘を支払う。
4.商品į•Ēåˇã‚’æ›¸ã„ãŸæĨ場者ã‚Ģãƒŧãƒ‰ã‚’č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ãĻ配達æ—ĨãĒおをįĸēčĒã—ãŸåžŒã€ äģŖé‡‘を支払う。 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 商品į•Ēåˇã‚’æ›¸ã„ãŸæĨ場者ã‚Ģãƒŧãƒ‰ã‚’č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ãĻ配達æ—ĨãĒおをįĸēčĒã—ãŸåžŒã€ äģŖé‡‘を支払う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: "商品čŗŧå…Ĩをご希望ぎおåŽĸ様は、受けäģ˜ã§ãŠæ¸Ąã—したごæĨ場者ã‚ĢãƒŧドãĢ商品į•Ēåˇã‚’ã”č¨˜å…Ĩã„ãŸã ãã€č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢãŠæ¸Ąã—ãã ã•ã„ã€‚č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋãƒƒãƒ•ãŒãŠåąŠã‘å…ˆã‚„ã”å¸Œæœ›æ—Ĩをおäŧēいし、そぎ垌、おäŧšč¨ˆã¨ãĒりぞす。" (Customers wishing to purchase products should fill in the product number on the visitor card received at the reception desk and hand it to a sales staff member. The sales staff will then ask for the delivery address and desired date, after which payment will be made.) Option 4 accurately reflects this sequence: fill in product number, hand card to staff, confirm delivery details, then pay.

Why other options are incorrect:
æĨ場者ã‚ĢãƒŧドãĢ商品į•Ēåˇã¨ãŠåąŠã‘å…ˆãŠã‚ˆãŗå¸Œæœ›æ—Ĩã‚’č¨˜å…ĨしãĻč˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ãŸåžŒã€ äģŖé‡‘を支払う。

The passage says the staff *asks* for delivery address and desired date, not that the customer fills it in on the card.

æĨ場者ã‚ĢãƒŧドãĢ商品į•Ēåˇã¨é…é”å¸Œæœ›æ—Ĩã‚’č¨˜å…ĨしãĻč˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ã€ 商品がč‡Ē厅ãĢåąŠã„ãŸã¨ããĢäģŖé‡‘を支払う。

Payment is "そぎ垌、おäŧšč¨ˆã¨ãĒりぞす" (after that, it will be payment), implying at the venue, not upon delivery. Also, the customer doesn't fill in the delivery date on the card.

商品į•Ēåˇã¨å¸Œæœ›æ—ĨãĒお書いたæĨ場者ã‚Ģãƒŧãƒ‰ã‚’č˛ŠåŖ˛ã‚šã‚ŋッフãĢæ¸Ąã—ã€ å•†å“ã‚’åąŠã‘ãĻã‚‚ã‚‰ãŖãŸåžŒã§äģŖé‡‘を支払う。

Similar to option 2, payment is at the venue, not after delivery.

å•éĄŒ 10 (5)

Reading Passage

äŧšį¤žå‹¤ã‚ãŽį”Ÿæ´ģはæĨŊã ãŖãŸã€‚
æĨŊしくはãĒいが、æĨŊã ãŖãŸã€‚
ãšãŖã¨ä¸€äēēã§į”ŸããĻããŸåžŒã§ã€é›†å›ŖãĢå…ĨãŖãĻãŋã‚‹ã¨ã€ããŽåą…åŋƒåœ°ãŽã‚ˆã•、åމæĨŊさãĢ銚くぎである。一äēēãŽæ™‚ã¯ã€æœį›ŽčĻšã‚ãĻ寝るぞで「äŊ•をすずきか」という判断、æąē厚をč‡Ē分でしãĒければãĒらãĒい。つぞり、それを「č‡Ēį”ąã€ã¨ã„ã†ãŽã ãŒã€åŽŸåŠ›ãŽãĒいもぎãĢはč‡Ēį”ąã¯é‡ã™ãŽã‚‹ã€‚ä¸€æ—Ĩ中、選択とæąē断をし、そぎįĩæžœã‚’č‡Ē分一äēēでåŧ•き受けねばãĒらãĒい。
English Summary & Annotations
The author found life working at a company easy. Not fun, but easy. After living alone for a long time, entering a group (like a company) was surprisingly comfortable and `厉æĨŊ (あんらく: easy/comfortable)`. When alone, one must make all judgments and decisions from waking up until sleeping, which is called "freedom." However, for those without `原力 (じつりょく: ability/skill)`, freedom is too heavy a burden. All day long, one must make choices and decisions and bear the consequences alone.
Question 59

ᭆ者ãĢよると、ãĒぜäŧšį¤žå‹¤ã‚ãŒæĨŊã ãŖãŸãŽã‹ã€‚

1.原力があれば、č‡Ēį”ąãĢできる部分もあるから
2.å‘¨å›˛ãŽå”åŠ›ãŒåž—ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚Œã°ã€æ™‚é–“ã‚’č‡Ēį”ąãĢäŊŋえるから
3.č‡Ē分ぎčƒŊ力ãĢéŠã—ãŸã—ã”ã¨ãŒä¸Žãˆã‚‰ã‚Œį„Ąį†ãŒãĒいから
4.č‡Ē分一äēēでæąēめることもč˛Ŧäģģを取ることもしãĒくãĻ済むから Correct
Correct Answer: 4. č‡Ē分一äēēでæąēめることもč˛Ŧäģģを取ることもしãĒくãĻ済むから
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage contrasts living alone with working in a company. When alone, one must "「äŊ•をすずきか」という判断、æąē厚をč‡Ē分でしãĒければãĒらãĒい" (make judgments and decisions about what to do by oneself) and "そぎįĩæžœã‚’č‡Ē分一äēēでåŧ•き受けねばãĒらãĒい" (bear the consequences by oneself). The comfort of being in a group (company) implies the opposite: not having to make all decisions or bear all responsibility alone. Option 4, "č‡Ē分一äēēでæąēめることもč˛Ŧäģģを取ることもしãĒくãĻ済むから" (Because you don't have to make decisions or take responsibility by yourself), directly reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
原力があれば、č‡Ēį”ąãĢできる部分もあるから

The passage states "原力ぎãĒいもぎãĢはč‡Ēį”ąã¯é‡ã™ãŽã‚‹" (for those without ability, freedom is too heavy), implying freedom is *not* the reason it was easy, but rather the *lack* of it in a group setting.

å‘¨å›˛ãŽå”åŠ›ãŒåž—ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚Œã°ã€æ™‚é–“ã‚’č‡Ēį”ąãĢäŊŋえるから

The passage mentions "åą…åŋƒåœ°ãŽã‚ˆã•、åމæĨŊさ" (comfort, ease) of being in a group, but doesn't specifically link it to using time freely due to cooperation. The core reason for ease is the reduced burden of decision-making and responsibility.

č‡Ē分ぎčƒŊ力ãĢéŠã—ãŸã—ã”ã¨ãŒä¸Žãˆã‚‰ã‚Œį„Ąį†ãŒãĒいから

The passage doesn't mention work suitability or lack of strain due to ability; it focuses on the burden of individual decision-making and responsibility.

å•éĄŒ 11 (1)

Reading Passage

įžäģŖã¯ã€â‘ â‘ æ™‚間がおんおん加速されãĻいるともいわれぞす。äŊ•äē‹ãĢも「旊く、旊く」とせかされ(æŗ¨1)、時間とįĢļäē‰ã™ã‚‹ã‹ãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢåŋ™ã—さãĢčŋŊわれãĻいることを、大äēēãŸãĄã¯ã“ã†ã„ã†č¨€ã„æ–šã‚’ã—ãĻいるぎです。いつも同じ速さで時間がæĩã‚ŒãĻいるはずãĒぎãĢã€æ™‚é–“ãŽé–“éš”ãŒįŸ­ããĒãŖãŸã‚ˆã†ãĒ気分でčŋŊいįĢ‹ãĻられãĻ(æŗ¨2)ã„ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚ãã‚Œã‚’ã‚¨ãƒŗãƒ‡(æŗ¨3)は『ãƒĸãƒĸ』というäŊœå“ãŽä¸­ã§ã€Œæ™‚é–“æŗĨæŖ’ã€ã¨å‘ŧãŗãžã—ãŸã€‚ã‚†ãŖãã‚ŠčŠąã‚’čĻ‹ãŸã‚ŠéŸŗæĨŊをæĨŊしんだりする、そんãĒã‚†ãŖãŸã‚Šã—ãŸæ™‚é–“ãŒį›—ãžã‚ŒãĻã„ãã€ã¨ã„ã†čŠąã§ã—ãŸã€‚â‘Ąã„ã¤ã‚‚äŊ•かしãĻいãĒいと気がčŊãĄį€ã‹ãĒã„ã€įžäģŖäēēはそんãĒãĩうãĢãĒãŖãĻいぞす。

そぎ一つぎ原因は、世ぎ中がäžŋ刊ãĢãĒり、čƒŊįŽ‡įš„ãĢãĒãŖãĻ、より旊くäģ•äē‹ã‚’äģ•上げることがよりå„ĒれãĻã„ã‚‹ã¨čŠ•äžĄã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒãŖãĻいるためと思われぞす。įĢļäē‰ãŒæŋ€ã—くãĒãŖãĻ、äēēより旊くしãĒã‘ã‚Œã°č˛ ã‘ãĻしぞうという恐れをåŋƒãĢæŠąãã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒãŖãŸãŸã‚ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚ã€Œæ™‚é–“ã¯é‡‘ãĒり」とãĒãŖãĻã—ãžãŖãŸãŽã§ã™ã€‚

しかし、それではåŋƒãŒč˛§ã—くãĒãŖãĻしぞいそうです。äŊ•ã‚‚č€ƒãˆãšãĢã˛ãŸã™ã‚‰æąēめられたことをしãĻいãĻäēēį”ŸãŒæĨŊã—ã„ã¯ãšãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“ã€‚ã‚†ãŖãã‚Šæ­Šã‚€ã‹ã‚‰ã“ãã€é“į̝ãĢå’˛ãčŠąãĢ気ãĨいたり、きれいãĒ夕æ—ĨをæĨŊしむ気分ãĢãĒã‚Œã‚‹ãŽã§ã™ã€‚į§ãŸãĄã¯ã€æ™‚é–“ã‚’å–ã‚Ščŋ”ã—ã€ã‚‚ãŖã¨ã‚†ãŖãŸã‚Šã—ãŸæ™‚é–“ã‚’į”Ÿãã‚‹åŋ…čĻãŒã‚ã‚Šãã†ã§ã™ã­ã€‚

(æŗ¨1)せかされる:æ€Ĩがされる
(æŗ¨2)čŋŊいįĢ‹ãĻられる:ここでは、äŊ•かをしãĒいではいられãĒã„æ°—æŒãĄãĢさせられる
(æŗ¨3)ã‚¨ãƒŗãƒ‡:ドイツぎ児įĢĨ文å­Ļ者
English Summary & Annotations
In modern times, it's said that `時間 (じかん: time)` is `加速されãĻいる (かそくされãĻいる: accelerating)`. Adults use this expression to describe being `せかされ (せかされる: rushed)` and chased by busyness, as if competing with time. This is likely because even though time flows at a constant speed, people feel as if the intervals of time have shortened, making them feel `čŋŊいįĢ‹ãĻられる (おいたãĻられる: driven/compelled)`. Michael Ende called this "time thieves" in his work 'Momo', where leisurely time for enjoying flowers or music is stolen. Modern people have become such that they `いつもäŊ•かしãĻいãĒいと気がčŊãĄį€ã‹ãĒい (いつもãĒãĢかしãĻいãĒいと ããŒãŠãĄã¤ã‹ãĒい: can't feel at ease unless they are always doing something)`. One reason for this is that society has become convenient and efficient, valuing faster completion of work. Intense competition has led people to fear losing if they don't act faster than others, turning "time into money." However, the author believes this makes one's heart poor. Life cannot be enjoyable if one simply does what is decided without thinking. Only by walking slowly can one notice flowers by the roadside or enjoy a beautiful sunset. The author suggests we need to reclaim time and live more leisurely.
Question 60

①<u>時間がおんおん加速されãĻいる</u>とはおういうことか。

1.しãĒければãĒらãĒいことが多くãĻæ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ãæ„Ÿã˜ã‚Œã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚ Correct
2.äŊ•かãĢå¤ĸ中ãĢãĒãŖãĻいると一æ—ĨãŽæ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ãæ„Ÿã˜ã‚Œã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚
3.äŊœæĨ­čƒŊįŽ‡ãŒä¸ŠãŒãŖãĻ一æ—Ĩぎäģ•äē‹ãŽæ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ããĒãŖãĻいる。
4.æŠ€čĄ“ãŽé€˛æ­ŠãĢã‚ˆãŖãĻäģ•äē‹ãĢã‹ã‹ã‚‹æ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ããĒãŖãĻいる。
Correct Answer: 1. しãĒければãĒらãĒいことが多くãĻæ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ãæ„Ÿã˜ã‚Œã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains "時間がおんおん加速されãĻいる" by saying "äŊ•äē‹ãĢも「旊く、旊く」とせかされ、時間とįĢļäē‰ã™ã‚‹ã‹ãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢåŋ™ã—さãĢčŋŊわれãĻいることを、大äēēãŸãĄã¯ã“ã†ã„ã†č¨€ã„æ–šã‚’ã—ãĻいるぎです。いつも同じ速さで時間がæĩã‚ŒãĻいるはずãĒぎãĢã€æ™‚é–“ãŽé–“éš”ãŒįŸ­ããĒãŖãŸã‚ˆã†ãĒ気分でčŋŊいįĢ‹ãĻられãĻいるためでしょう。" (Adults use this expression to describe being rushed and chased by busyness, as if competing with time. This is likely because even though time flows at a constant speed, people feel as if the intervals of time have shortened, making them feel driven.) This indicates that the feeling of time accelerating comes from being busy and having many things to do, making time feel shorter. Option 1, "しãĒければãĒらãĒいことが多くãĻæ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ãæ„Ÿã˜ã‚Œã‚Œã‚‹" (There are so many things to do that time feels short), directly captures this feeling.

Why other options are incorrect:
äŊ•かãĢå¤ĸ中ãĢãĒãŖãĻいると一æ—ĨãŽæ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ãæ„Ÿã˜ã‚Œã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚

While this is a common experience, the passage attributes the feeling of accelerated time to being "せかされ" (rushed) and "åŋ™ã—さãĢčŋŊわれãĻいる" (chased by busyness), not simply being engrossed.

äŊœæĨ­čƒŊįŽ‡ãŒä¸ŠãŒãŖãĻ一æ—Ĩぎäģ•äē‹ãŽæ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ããĒãŖãĻいる。

The passage mentions efficiency but links it to the *pressure* to finish faster, not that daily work time itself has shortened in a positive sense. The feeling is one of being rushed, not having more free time.

æŠ€čĄ“ãŽé€˛æ­ŠãĢã‚ˆãŖãĻäģ•äē‹ãĢã‹ã‹ã‚‹æ™‚é–“ãŒįŸ­ããĒãŖãĻいる。

Similar to option 3, while technology might shorten task time, the passage focuses on the *perception* of time and the *pressure* to be faster, not a general shortening of work hours.

Question 61

②<u>いつもäŊ•かしãĻいãĒいと気がčŊãĄį€ã‹ãĒい</u>åŽŸå› ã‚’į­†č€…ã¯ãŠã†č€ƒãˆãĻいるか。

1.äŊ•もしãĒいとåŋƒãŒč˛§ã—くãĒãŖãĻしぞうと感じること
2.旊くäŊ•かをäģ•上げãĒいとãģかぎäēēãĢ勝ãĻãĒいと思うこと Correct
3.å¤ąãŖãŸæ™‚é–“ã‚’å–ã‚ŠæˆģさãĒいとįĢļäē‰ãĢč˛ ã‘ãĻしぞうと思うこと
4.åĨĒわれた時間を取りæˆģさãĒいとäēēį”Ÿã‚’æĨŊしめãĒいと感じること
Correct Answer: 2. 旊くäŊ•かをäģ•上げãĒいとãģかぎäēēãĢ勝ãĻãĒいと思うこと
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "そぎ一つぎ原因は、世ぎ中がäžŋ刊ãĢãĒり、čƒŊįŽ‡įš„ãĢãĒãŖãĻ、より旊くäģ•äē‹ã‚’äģ•上げることがよりå„ĒれãĻã„ã‚‹ã¨čŠ•äžĄã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒãŖãĻいるためと思われぞす。įĢļäē‰ãŒæŋ€ã—くãĒãŖãĻ、äēēより旊くしãĒã‘ã‚Œã°č˛ ã‘ãĻしぞうという恐れをåŋƒãĢæŠąãã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒãŖãŸãŸã‚ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã€‚ã€Œæ™‚é–“ã¯é‡‘ãĒり」とãĒãŖãĻã—ãžãŖãŸãŽã§ã™ã€‚" (One reason for this is that society has become convenient and efficient, valuing faster completion of work. It is probably because competition has intensified, and people have come to harbor the fear that they will lose if they don't act faster than others. "Time is money" has become the norm.) This clearly links the inability to relax without doing something to the fear of losing in competition if one isn't fast. Option 2, "旊くäŊ•かをäģ•上げãĒいとãģかぎäēēãĢ勝ãĻãĒいと思うこと" (Thinking that they cannot win against others unless they finish something quickly), directly reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
äŊ•もしãĒいとåŋƒãŒč˛§ã—くãĒãŖãĻしぞうと感じること

This is the *author's* concern about the *result* of this mindset, not the *cause* of why people can't relax.

å¤ąãŖãŸæ™‚é–“ã‚’å–ã‚ŠæˆģさãĒいとįĢļäē‰ãĢč˛ ã‘ãĻしぞうと思うこと

The passage talks about "stolen time" (時間æŗĨæŖ’) but the cause of the restlessness is the fear of losing in competition by *not being fast enough*, not specifically about reclaiming lost time.

åĨĒわれた時間を取りæˆģさãĒいとäēēį”Ÿã‚’æĨŊしめãĒいと感じること

This is related to the author's conclusion/advice, not the *cause* of the modern person's restlessness.

Question 62

į­†č€…ã¯ã€æ™‚é–“ãŽäŊŋい斚ãĢついãĻおぎようãĢč€ƒãˆãĻいるか。

1.æ™‚é–“ã¯č˛´é‡ãĒぎで、äŧ‘む時ãĢもčƒŊįŽ‡įš„ãĢéŽã”ã—ãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„
2.åŋ™ã—い中ãĢã‚‚ã€ãŽã‚“ãŗã‚ŠéŽã”ã™æ™‚é–“ã‚’ã§ãã‚‹ã ã‘æŒãŖãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„ Correct
3.äēēį”Ÿã‚’æĨŊしむためãĢã¯ã€ã˛ãŸã™ã‚‰ã‚†ãŖãã‚Šæ™‚é–“ã‚’éŽã”ã—ãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„
4.äēēとぎįĢļäē‰ãĢ勝つためãĢã¯ã€æ™‚é–“ã‚’ã‚‚ãŖã¨æœ‰åŠšãĢäŊŋうようãĢã—ãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„
Correct Answer: 2. åŋ™ã—い中ãĢã‚‚ã€ãŽã‚“ãŗã‚ŠéŽã”ã™æ™‚é–“ã‚’ã§ãã‚‹ã ã‘æŒãŖãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author concludes by saying, "しかし、それではåŋƒãŒč˛§ã—くãĒãŖãĻしぞいそうです。äŊ•ã‚‚č€ƒãˆãšãĢã˛ãŸã™ã‚‰æąēめられたことをしãĻいãĻäēēį”ŸãŒæĨŊã—ã„ã¯ãšãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“ã€‚ã‚†ãŖãã‚Šæ­Šã‚€ã‹ã‚‰ã“ãã€é“į̝ãĢå’˛ãčŠąãĢ気ãĨいたり、きれいãĒ夕æ—ĨをæĨŊしむ気分ãĢãĒã‚Œã‚‹ãŽã§ã™ã€‚į§ãŸãĄã¯ã€æ™‚é–“ã‚’å–ã‚Ščŋ”ã—ã€ã‚‚ãŖã¨ã‚†ãŖãŸã‚Šã—ãŸæ™‚é–“ã‚’į”Ÿãã‚‹åŋ…čĻãŒã‚ã‚Šãã†ã§ã™ã­ã€‚" (However, that seems to make one's heart poor. Life cannot be enjoyable if one simply does what is decided without thinking. Only by walking slowly can one notice flowers by the roadside or enjoy a beautiful sunset. We need to reclaim time and live more leisurely.) This emphasizes the importance of taking time to enjoy life and not just being driven by efficiency and competition. Option 2, "åŋ™ã—い中ãĢã‚‚ã€ãŽã‚“ãŗã‚ŠéŽã”ã™æ™‚é–“ã‚’ã§ãã‚‹ã ã‘æŒãŖãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„" (Even when busy, it's better to have as much leisurely time as possible), aligns with the author's advice to "reclaim time" and live "more leisurely" despite the modern rush.

Why other options are incorrect:
æ™‚é–“ã¯č˛´é‡ãĒぎで、äŧ‘む時ãĢもčƒŊįŽ‡įš„ãĢéŽã”ã—ãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„

This contradicts the author's criticism of efficiency and the "time is money" mindset.

äēēį”Ÿã‚’æĨŊしむためãĢã¯ã€ã˛ãŸã™ã‚‰ã‚†ãŖãã‚Šæ™‚é–“ã‚’éŽã”ã—ãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„

While the author advocates for slow living, "ã˛ãŸã™ã‚‰" (diligently/solely) is too strong; the passage implies a balance or a shift from the current extreme, not an absolute rejection of all speed. The context is "reclaiming time" *from* the rush.

äēēとぎįĢļäē‰ãĢ勝つためãĢã¯ã€æ™‚é–“ã‚’ã‚‚ãŖã¨æœ‰åŠšãĢäŊŋうようãĢã—ãŸæ–šãŒč‰¯ã„

This is precisely the mindset the author criticizes as leading to a "poor heart."

å•éĄŒ 11 (2)

Reading Passage

これはビジネ゚文書ãĢé™ãŖãŸã“ã¨ã§ã¯ãĒいぎだが、äŊ•であれ文書を書いãĻã„ã‚‹ã¨ã€å°‘ã—ã°ã‹ã‚ŠįˇŠåŧĩ感をčĻšãˆã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽã ã€‚æ›¸ããĒがら、頭ぎ中でこんãĒã“ã¨ã‚’č€ƒãˆãĻいる。

こぎ書き斚でいいぎかãĒ。
ã“ã‚Œã€ã˛ãŠãä¸‹æ‰‹ãĒ書き斚じゃãĒいだろうか。
これでわかるかãĒ。
そういう気がしきりãĢ(æŗ¨1)しãĻã€ãĄã‚‡ãŖã¨ã—ãŸãƒ—ãƒŦãƒƒã‚ˇãƒŖãƒŧãĢãĒãŖãĻいる。だからこそ、文įĢ ã‚’æ›¸ããŽã¯č‹Ļæ‰‹ã ã€ã¨æ€ãŖãĻいるäēēもいるぎじゃãĒいだろうか。

ã—ã‹ã—ã€ããŽé€†ã‚‚ãžãŸįœŸã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚æ–‡įĢ ã‚’æ›¸ãéĸį™Ŋさとは、そういうプãƒŦãƒƒã‚ˇãƒŖãƒŧを感じãĒがら、äŊ•とかčĢ¸å•éĄŒã‚’ã‚¯ãƒĒã‚ĸしãĻ、一åŋœãŽã‚‚ぎを書き上げることãĢあるぎだ。

テãƒŦãƒ“ã‚˛ãƒŧムがæĨŊã—ã„ãŽã¨åŒã˜į†åąˆ(æŗ¨2)である。あれは、æ”ģį•Ĩする(æŗ¨3)ãŽãŒį°Ąå˜ã§ã¯ãĒいさぞざぞãĒéšœåŽŗã‚’ã‹ã‚ã—ãĒがら(æŗ¨4)、æŦĄã€…ãĢå•éĄŒã‚’č§ŖæąēしãĻã„ãŖãĻ、äŊ•とかクãƒĒã‚ĸしãĻいくところがéĸį™Ŋã„ãŽã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚é›Ŗã—ã„ã‹ã‚‰ã“ãã€ã†ãžãã‚„ãŖãŸæ™‚ãĢæĨŊしいぎだ。

文įĢ ã‚’æ›¸ããŽã‚‚ã€â‘ ãã†ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ã“ã‚Œã§ã„ã„ãŽã‹ãĒ、と一抚ぎ(æŗ¨5)ä¸åŽ‰ã‚’æŠąãˆãĒがら、äŊ•とか書いãĻã„ããŖãĻことをæĨŊしぞãĒければãĒらãĒい。

åˆĨãŽč¨€ã„æ–šãĢすると、文įĢ ã¨ã„ã†ã‚‚ãŽã¯ã€æ›¸ãäēēãĢ寞しãĻ、うぞく書いãĻくれ、とčĻæą‚ã—ãĻくるぎである。ãĒぜãĒら、文įĢ ã¨ã¯äēēとäēēã¨ãŽã‚ŗãƒŸãƒĨãƒ‹ã‚ąãƒŧã‚ˇãƒ§ãƒŗãŽé“å…ˇã ã‹ã‚‰ã ã€‚

こぎ䞋外は、č‡Ē分だけãĢã‚ã‹ã‚Œã°ã„ã„ãƒĄãƒĸと、įĩļ寞ãĢäģ–äēēãĢčĻ‹ã›ãĒいæ—Ĩč¨˜ã ã‘ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚

それäģĨ外ぎ文įĢ ã¯ã€åŋ…ず、書くäēē間ぎãģかãĢã€â‘ĄčĒ­ã‚€äēē間がいãĻ厌成されるぎだ。そしãĻ、書いたäēēぎäŧãˆãŸã‹ãŖãŸã“とが、čĒ­ã‚“ã äēēãĢãĄã‚ƒã‚“ã¨åˆ†ã‹ãŖãĻこそ、文įĢ ã¯åŊšã‚’果たしたことãĢãĒる。

(æŗ¨1)しきりãĢ:äŊ•åēĻも
(æŗ¨2)į†åąˆ:ã“ã“ã§ã¯ã€č€ƒãˆæ–š
(æŗ¨3)æ”ģį•Ĩする:ã†ãžãč§Ŗæąēする
(æŗ¨4)かわしãĒがら:éŋけãĒがら
(æŗ¨5)一抚ぎ:ãģんぎ少しぎ
English Summary & Annotations
The author states that writing any document, not just business documents, brings a slight sense of tension. While writing, one often thinks, "Is this writing style okay? Isn't this terribly poor writing? Will this be understood?" These thoughts `しきりãĢ (しきりãĢ: repeatedly)` occur, creating a bit of pressure, which is why some people might dislike writing. However, the opposite is also true: the enjoyment of writing lies in overcoming various problems while feeling this pressure and completing a draft. This is the same `į†åąˆ (りくつ: logic/reason)` as enjoying video games, where the fun comes from `æ”ģį•Ĩする (こうりゃくする: overcoming)` various difficult obstacles and solving problems one after another to clear the game. It's fun precisely because it's difficult. Writing is `そういうことである (そういうことである: that kind of thing)`. One must enjoy the process of writing while harboring `一抚ぎ (ã„ãĄãžã¤ãŽ: a slight)` anxiety about whether it's good enough. In other words, writing demands that the writer writes well, because writing is a tool for human communication. The only exceptions are memos meant only for oneself and diaries never shown to others. All other writings are `čĒ­ã‚€äēē間がいãĻ厌成される (よむãĢんげんがいãĻかんせいされる: completed by the presence of a reader)`. And only when what the writer wanted to convey is properly understood by the reader does the writing fulfill its role.
Question 63

į­†č€…ã¯ã€æ–‡įĢ ã‚’æ›¸ãã¨ããĢäŊ•がプãƒŦãƒƒã‚ˇãƒŖãƒŧãĢãĒãŖãĻいるとčŋ°ãšãĻいるか。

1.ã“ãŽãžãžæœ€åžŒãžã§æ›¸ãã‚ã’ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã‹ä¸åŽ‰ã ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ
2.čĒ­ã‚€äēēが期垅する書き斚をしãĻã„ã‚‹ã‹ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ
3.č‡Ēåˆ†ã¯å­—ã‚’æ›¸ããŽãŒä¸‹æ‰‹ã ã‹ã‚‰ã„ã‚„ã ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ
4.書きたいことがうぞく書けãĻã„ã‚‹ã‹ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 書きたいことがうぞく書けãĻã„ã‚‹ã‹ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage lists the thoughts that cause pressure: "こぎ書き斚でいいぎかãĒ。(Is this writing style okay?)", "ã“ã‚Œã€ã˛ãŠãä¸‹æ‰‹ãĒ書き斚じゃãĒいだろうか。(Isn't this terribly poor writing?)", "これでわかるかãĒ。(Will this be understood?)" These questions collectively express concern about whether the intended message is conveyed effectively and clearly. Option 4, "書きたいことがうぞく書けãĻã„ã‚‹ã‹ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ" (The feeling of whether what one wants to write is written well), best encapsulates these concerns about the quality and clarity of one's writing.

Why other options are incorrect:
ã“ãŽãžãžæœ€åžŒãžã§æ›¸ãã‚ã’ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã‹ä¸åŽ‰ã ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ

The pressure is about the *quality* and *comprehensibility* of the writing, not merely the ability to complete it.

čĒ­ã‚€äēēが期垅する書き斚をしãĻã„ã‚‹ã‹ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ

While related to the reader, the specific questions listed by the author are more about the writer's own ability to convey their message clearly and effectively, rather than meeting external expectations.

č‡Ēåˆ†ã¯å­—ã‚’æ›¸ããŽãŒä¸‹æ‰‹ã ã‹ã‚‰ã„ã‚„ã ã¨ã„ã†æ°—æŒãĄ

The passage mentions "文įĢ ã‚’æ›¸ããŽã¯č‹Ļæ‰‹ã ã€ã¨æ€ãŖãĻいるäēēもいるぎじゃãĒいだろうか" (some people might think they are bad at writing), but this is a *result* of the pressure, not the pressure itself. The pressure comes from the self-doubt about the writing's quality and clarity.

Question 64

①<u>そういうことである</u>とはおういうことか。

1.さぞざぞãĒéšœåŽŗã‚’ã‚¯ãƒĒã‚ĸしãĻいくことがむずかしい。
2.プãƒŦãƒƒã‚ˇãƒŖãƒŧをåŋ˜ã‚Œã€ã„ã‚ã„ã‚č€ƒãˆã‚‹ãŽãŒæĨŊしい。
3.č‹Ļ労しãĻå•éĄŒã‚’į‰‡ãĨけ、čĒ˛éĄŒã‚’äģ•上げるぎがæĨŊしい。 Correct
4.ä¸åŽ‰ã‚’æŠąãˆãŸãžãžã§ã¯å•éĄŒã‚’č§Ŗæąēã™ã‚‹ãŽãŒé›Ŗã—ã„ã€‚
Correct Answer: 3. č‹Ļ労しãĻå•éĄŒã‚’į‰‡ãĨけ、čĒ˛éĄŒã‚’äģ•上げるぎがæĨŊしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The phrase "そういうことである" refers back to the analogy of video games. The passage states, "文įĢ ã‚’æ›¸ãéĸį™Ŋさとは、そういうプãƒŦãƒƒã‚ˇãƒŖãƒŧを感じãĒがら、äŊ•とかčĢ¸å•éĄŒã‚’ã‚¯ãƒĒã‚ĸしãĻ、一åŋœãŽã‚‚ぎを書き上げることãĢあるぎだ。テãƒŦãƒ“ã‚˛ãƒŧムがæĨŊã—ã„ãŽã¨åŒã˜į†åąˆã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ã‚ã‚Œã¯ã€æ”ģį•Ĩã™ã‚‹ãŽãŒį°Ąå˜ã§ã¯ãĒいさぞざぞãĒéšœåŽŗã‚’ã‹ã‚ã—ãĒがら、æŦĄã€…ãĢå•éĄŒã‚’č§ŖæąēしãĻã„ãŖãĻ、äŊ•とかクãƒĒã‚ĸしãĻいくところがéĸį™Ŋã„ãŽã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚é›Ŗã—ã„ã‹ã‚‰ã“ãã€ã†ãžãã‚„ãŖãŸæ™‚ãĢæĨŊしいぎだ。" (The enjoyment of writing lies in overcoming various problems while feeling this pressure and completing a draft. This is the same logic as enjoying video games. The fun comes from overcoming various difficult obstacles and solving problems one after another to clear the game. It's fun precisely because it's difficult.) This clearly indicates that the enjoyment comes from the challenge and the effort to overcome difficulties. Option 3, "č‹Ļ労しãĻå•éĄŒã‚’į‰‡ãĨけ、čĒ˛éĄŒã‚’äģ•上げるぎがæĨŊしい" (It is fun to struggle to solve problems and complete tasks), perfectly captures this meaning.

Why other options are incorrect:
さぞざぞãĒéšœåŽŗã‚’ã‚¯ãƒĒã‚ĸしãĻいくことがむずかしい。

While it states it's "not easy" (į°Ąå˜ã§ã¯ãĒい), the point is that the *difficulty* makes it *fun* when overcome, not just that it's difficult.

プãƒŦãƒƒã‚ˇãƒŖãƒŧをåŋ˜ã‚Œã€ã„ã‚ã„ã‚č€ƒãˆã‚‹ãŽãŒæĨŊしい。

The passage explicitly says "そういうプãƒŦãƒƒã‚ˇãƒŖãƒŧを感じãĒがら" (while feeling that pressure), so forgetting it is not the point.

ä¸åŽ‰ã‚’æŠąãˆãŸãžãžã§ã¯å•éĄŒã‚’č§Ŗæąēã™ã‚‹ãŽãŒé›Ŗã—ã„ã€‚

The passage says "ä¸åŽ‰ã‚’æŠąãˆãĒがら、äŊ•とか書いãĻã„ããŖãĻことをæĨŊしぞãĒければãĒらãĒい" (one must enjoy the process of writing while harboring anxiety), implying that one *can* solve problems and enjoy the process *despite* the anxiety.

Question 65

②<u>čĒ­ã‚€äēē間がいãĻ厌成される</u>とはおういうことか。

1.文įĢ ãŽäžĄå€¤ã‚’æąēめるぎはčĒ­ãŋ手ぎ存在だ。
2.文įĢ ãŒæˆįĢ‹ã™ã‚‹ãĢはčĒ­ãŋ手ぎ存在がåŋ…čĻã ã€‚ Correct
3.文įĢ ã¯äēēãĢčĒ­ãžã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ˆã‚Šč‰¯ã„ã‚‚ãŽãĢãĒる。
4.文įĢ ã¯čĒ­ãŋ手ぎčĻæą‚ãĢこたえることでå‡ēæĨ上がる。
Correct Answer: 2. 文įĢ ãŒæˆįĢ‹ã™ã‚‹ãĢはčĒ­ãŋ手ぎ存在がåŋ…čĻã ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "文įĢ ã¨ã¯äēēとäēēã¨ãŽã‚ŗãƒŸãƒĨãƒ‹ã‚ąãƒŧã‚ˇãƒ§ãƒŗãŽé“å…ˇã ã‹ã‚‰ã ã€‚ã“ãŽäž‹å¤–ã¯ã€č‡Ē分だけãĢã‚ã‹ã‚Œã°ã„ã„ãƒĄãƒĸと、įĩļ寞ãĢäģ–äēēãĢčĻ‹ã›ãĒいæ—Ĩč¨˜ã ã‘ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ãã‚ŒäģĨ外ぎ文įĢ ã¯ã€åŋ…ず、書くäēē間ぎãģかãĢã€â‘ĄčĒ­ã‚€äēē間がいãĻ厌成されるぎだ。そしãĻ、書いたäēēぎäŧãˆãŸã‹ãŖãŸã“とが、čĒ­ã‚“ã äēēãĢãĄã‚ƒã‚“ã¨åˆ†ã‹ãŖãĻこそ、文įĢ ã¯åŊšã‚’果たしたことãĢãĒる。" (Writing is a tool for human communication. The only exceptions are memos meant only for oneself and diaries never shown to others. All other writings are completed by the presence of a reader. And only when what the writer wanted to convey is properly understood by the reader does the writing fulfill its role.) The core idea is that for writing to serve its purpose as communication, a reader is essential. Option 2, "文įĢ ãŒæˆįĢ‹ã™ã‚‹ãĢはčĒ­ãŋ手ぎ存在がåŋ…čĻã " (The existence of a reader is necessary for writing to be established), directly captures this necessity for communication.

Why other options are incorrect:
文įĢ ãŽäžĄå€¤ã‚’æąēめるぎはčĒ­ãŋ手ぎ存在だ。

While the reader's understanding is crucial for the writing to fulfill its *role*, the passage doesn't explicitly state that the reader determines its *value*. It's about its function as communication.

文įĢ ã¯äēēãĢčĒ­ãžã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ˆã‚Šč‰¯ã„ã‚‚ãŽãĢãĒる。

The passage says it's "completed" (厌成される) when read and understood, implying it fulfills its purpose, not necessarily that it *improves* by being read.

文įĢ ã¯čĒ­ãŋ手ぎčĻæą‚ãĢこたえることでå‡ēæĨ上がる。

The passage emphasizes the writer's message being understood by the reader, not that the writing is shaped by the reader's demands.

å•éĄŒ 11 (3)

Reading Passage

įš†ã•ã‚“ã¯å¯„äģ˜ã‚’ã—ãŸã“ã¨ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã ã‚ã†ã‹ã€‚į•°å¸¸æ°—čąĄã§éŖŸãšã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽãŒä¸čļŗã—ãĻå›°ãŖãĻいるäēēや、地震でåŽļã‚’å¤ąãŖãŸäēēぎためãĢわずかãĒãŒã‚‰ã‚‚ãŠéŖã„ã‹ã‚‰å¯„äģ˜ã—たįĩŒé¨“を持つäēēは多いだろう。そぎ寄äģ˜ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹č€ƒãˆæ–šãĢ、äģŠã€æ–°ã—い動きがčĩˇã“ãŖãĻいる。

あるäŧšį¤žã§ã¯ã€į¤žå“ĄéŖŸå ‚でäŊŽã‚ĢロãƒĒãƒŧãŽåŽšéŖŸã‚’éŖŸãšã‚‹ã¨äģŖé‡‘ぎ一部が寄äģ˜é‡‘とãĒãŖãĻ途上å›Ŋ(æŗ¨)ãŽå­äž›ãŸãĄãŽéŖŸį”Ÿæ´ģã‚’æ”¯æ´ã™ã‚‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã‚ˇã‚šãƒ†ãƒ ã‚’å–ã‚Šå…ĨれãĻã„ã‚‹ã€‚į¤žå“Ąã¨ã—ãĻはäŊ“čĒŋįŽĄį†ãĢつãĒがるだけでãĒく、äēēを劊けることができ、äŧšį¤žã¨ã—ãĻã¯į¤žå“ĄãŽåĨåēˇã‚’支えãĒãŒã‚‰į¤žå“Ąč˛ĸįŒŽãŒã§ãã‚‹ãŽã§ã€į¤žå“ĄãĢã¨ãŖãĻもäŧšį¤žãĢã¨ãŖãĻã‚‚ä¸€įŸŗäēŒéŗĨというわけだ。ぞた、「寄äģ˜ã¤ãã€ãŽå•†å“ã‚’č˛ŠåŖ˛ã™ã‚‹äŧæĨ­ã‚‚åĸ—えãĻã„ã‚‹ã€‚į‰šåŽšãŽå•†å“ã‚’č˛ˇã†ã¨åŖ˛ã‚Šä¸Šã’ãŽä¸€éƒ¨ãŒå¯„äģ˜ã•れるというもぎで、ãģかぎ商品と比ずるとやや値æŽĩはéĢ˜ã„ãŒã€å•†å“ã‚’č˛ˇãˆã°ã€åŒæ™‚ãĢ寄äģ˜ã§ãã‚‹ã¨ã„う手čģŊさがæļˆč˛ģ者ãĢ歓čŋŽã•ã‚Œã€åŖ˛ã‚Šä¸Šã’ã‚’äŧ¸ã°ã—ãĻいるという。

これぞでぎ寄äģ˜ã¯ã‚ã–わざ募金ぎ場所へčļŗã‚’é‹ã‚“ã ã‚Šã€éŠ€čĄŒã‹ã‚‰ãŠé‡‘ã‚’æŒ¯ã‚ŠčžŧんだりしãĒければãĒらãĒã„ã‚‚ãŽãŒå¤šãã€į¤žäŧšč˛ĸįŒŽãĢé–ĸåŋƒã¯ã‚ãŖãĻも寄äģ˜ã‚’するぎはéĸå€’ã ã¨åŽŸéš›ãŽčĄŒå‹•ãĢはį§ģさãĒいäēēも少ãĒくãĒã‹ãŖãŸã€‚ãã“ãĢį›Žã‚’ã¤ã‘|たぎが新しい寄äģ˜ãŽåŊĸで、これぞでと比ず手čģŊãĢ寄äģ˜ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒã‚Šã€į¤žäŧšč˛ĸįŒŽãŒã—ã‚„ã™ããĒãŖãŸã€‚ã•ã‚‰ãĢ、äŧæĨ­ãĢã¨ãŖãĻもč‡Ēį¤žãŽã‚¤ãƒĄãƒŧã‚¸ãŽå‘ä¸Šã‚„åŖ˛ã‚Šä¸Šã’ãŽåĸ—加ãĒãŠãƒĄãƒĒットぎ多い取りįĩ„ãŋとãĒãŖãĻいる。

こぎようãĢ寄äģ˜ã¯æ…ˆå–„ぎためというばかりでãĒく、寄äģ˜ã‚’する側ãĢもプナ゚ãĢãĒるæ´ģ動としãĻとらえãĒおされ始めãĻいる。

(æŗ¨)途上å›Ŋ:įĩŒæ¸ˆæˆé•ˇãŽé€”中ãĢあるå›Ŋ
English Summary & Annotations
The passage discusses a new trend in `寄äģ˜ (きãĩ: donation)`. While many have donated small amounts for people suffering from food shortages due to abnormal weather or those who lost homes in earthquakes, a new approach to donations is emerging. One company has adopted a system where a portion of the price of a low-calorie set meal eaten at the employee cafeteria becomes a donation to support the diet of children in `途上å›Ŋ (とじょうこく: developing countries)`. This is `ä¸€įŸŗäēŒéŗĨ (ã„ãŖã›ããĢãĄã‚‡ã†: killing two birds with one stone)` for both employees (health management and helping others) and the company (supporting employee health while contributing to society). Companies selling "donation-attached" products are also increasing. These products are slightly more expensive, but their `手čģŊさ (ãĻがるさ: ease)` of allowing simultaneous donation upon purchase is welcomed by consumers, boosting sales. Previously, donations often required going to collection points or bank transfers, which was troublesome for many, even those interested in social contribution. The new forms of donation address this, making social contribution easier. Furthermore, these initiatives offer many benefits to companies, such as improved image and increased sales. Thus, donations are beginning to be re-evaluated not just as charity, but as activities that also benefit the donor.
Question 66

<u>į¤žå“ĄéŖŸå ‚ã§äŊŽã‚ĢロãƒĒãƒŧãŽåŽšéŖŸã‚’éŖŸãšã‚‹</u>ことがおんãĒč‰¯ã„įĩæžœãĢつãĒがるぎか。

1.į¤žå“ĄãŽåĨåēˇãŒåŽˆã‚‰ã‚Œã€į¤žäŧšãŽåŊšãĢįĢ‹ã¤ã“ã¨ãĢもãĒる。 Correct
2.į¤žå“ĄãĢåŽšéŖŸäģŖãŽä¸€éƒ¨ãŒčŋ”金され、寄äģ˜ã‚’するäŊ™čŖ•ができる。
3.äŧšį¤žã§å¯„äģ˜ãŒæ—Ĩ常ぎことãĢãĒã‚Šã€éŖŸį”Ÿæ´ģãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹æ„č­˜ã‚‚éĢ˜ãžã‚‹ã€‚
4.äŧšį¤žã¯į¤žäŧšãŽåŊšãĢįĢ‹ã¤ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã€éŖŸå ‚ãŽįĩŒč˛ģãŽį¯€į´„ãĢもãĒる。
Correct Answer: 1. į¤žå“ĄãŽåĨåēˇãŒåŽˆã‚‰ã‚Œã€į¤žäŧšãŽåŊšãĢįĢ‹ã¤ã“ã¨ãĢもãĒる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "į¤žå“Ąã¨ã—ãĻはäŊ“čĒŋįŽĄį†ãĢつãĒがるだけでãĒく、äēēを劊けることができ、äŧšį¤žã¨ã—ãĻã¯į¤žå“ĄãŽåĨåēˇã‚’支えãĒãŒã‚‰į¤žå“Ąč˛ĸįŒŽãŒã§ãã‚‹ãŽã§ã€į¤žå“ĄãĢã¨ãŖãĻもäŧšį¤žãĢã¨ãŖãĻã‚‚ä¸€įŸŗäēŒéŗĨというわけだ。" (For employees, it leads to health management and helping others; for the company, it allows social contribution while supporting employee health, thus killing two birds with one stone for both employees and the company.) This means employees benefit from health management (äŊ“čĒŋįŽĄį†) and helping others (äēēを劊ける), which aligns with "į¤žå“ĄãŽåĨåēˇãŒåŽˆã‚‰ã‚Œã€į¤žäŧšãŽåŊšãĢįĢ‹ã¤ã“ã¨ãĢもãĒる" (Employees' health is protected, and it also contributes to society).

Why other options are incorrect:
į¤žå“ĄãĢåŽšéŖŸäģŖãŽä¸€éƒ¨ãŒčŋ”金され、寄äģ˜ã‚’するäŊ™čŖ•ができる。

The passage says a portion of the price becomes a donation, not that it's refunded to employees.

äŧšį¤žã§å¯„äģ˜ãŒæ—Ĩ常ぎことãĢãĒã‚Šã€éŖŸį”Ÿæ´ģãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹æ„č­˜ã‚‚éĢ˜ãžã‚‹ã€‚

While donations become easier, the passage doesn't explicitly state that awareness of diet *increases* as a direct result of this system, but rather that it *leads to health management*.

äŧšį¤žã¯į¤žäŧšãŽåŊšãĢįĢ‹ã¤ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã€éŖŸå ‚ãŽįĩŒč˛ģãŽį¯€į´„ãĢもãĒる。

The passage mentions the company's social contribution and supporting employee health, but not saving on cafeteria expenses.

Question 67

こぎ文įĢ ã§ã¯ã€ã“ã‚Œãžã§ãŽå¯„ãĢはおぎようãĒå•éĄŒãŒã‚ãŖãŸã¨čŋ°ãšãĻいるか。

1.寄äģ˜ã‚’ã™ã‚‹æ–šæŗ•ãŒã‚ãžã‚ŠįŸĨられãĻいãĒい。
2.寄äģ˜ã‚’ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒį¤žäŧšįš„ãĢčŠ•äžĄã•ã‚ŒãĢくい。
3.寄äģ˜ã‚’するぎãĢæ‰‹é–“ãŒã‹ã‹ã‚‹ã‚ˇã‚šãƒ†ãƒ ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ Correct
4.寄äģ˜ã‚’するためãĢはįĩŒæ¸ˆįš„ãĢäŊ™čŖ•がãĒければãĒらãĒい。
Correct Answer: 3. 寄äģ˜ã‚’するぎãĢæ‰‹é–“ãŒã‹ã‹ã‚‹ã‚ˇã‚šãƒ†ãƒ ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "これぞでぎ寄äģ˜ã¯ã‚ã–わざ募金ぎ場所へčļŗã‚’é‹ã‚“ã ã‚Šã€éŠ€čĄŒã‹ã‚‰ãŠé‡‘ã‚’æŒ¯ã‚ŠčžŧんだりしãĒければãĒらãĒã„ã‚‚ãŽãŒå¤šãã€į¤žäŧšč˛ĸįŒŽãĢé–ĸåŋƒã¯ã‚ãŖãĻも寄äģ˜ã‚’するぎはéĸå€’ã ã¨åŽŸéš›ãŽčĄŒå‹•ãĢはį§ģさãĒいäēēも少ãĒくãĒã‹ãŖãŸã€‚" (Previous donations often required going to collection points or bank transfers, which was troublesome for many, even those interested in social contribution, preventing them from taking action.) This clearly indicates that the problem was the "手間がかかる" (trouble/effort required) nature of the system. Option 3, "寄äģ˜ã‚’するぎãĢæ‰‹é–“ãŒã‹ã‹ã‚‹ã‚ˇã‚šãƒ†ãƒ ã§ã‚ã‚‹" (It is a system that requires effort to donate), directly matches this.

Why other options are incorrect:
寄äģ˜ã‚’ã™ã‚‹æ–šæŗ•ãŒã‚ãžã‚ŠįŸĨられãĻいãĒい。

The passage implies people *knew* the methods (going to places, bank transfers) but found them troublesome, not unknown.

寄äģ˜ã‚’ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒį¤žäŧšįš„ãĢčŠ•äžĄã•ã‚ŒãĢくい。

The passage does not mention social recognition as a problem.

寄äģ˜ã‚’するためãĢはįĩŒæ¸ˆįš„ãĢäŊ™čŖ•がãĒければãĒらãĒい。

While financial ability is always a factor in donations, the passage focuses on the *ease of method* as the barrier, not the financial aspect. It mentions "わずかãĒãŒã‚‰ã‚‚ãŠéŖã„ã‹ã‚‰å¯„äģ˜ã—たįĩŒé¨“を持つäēēは多いだろう" (many have experience donating even small amounts from their pocket money), suggesting small donations were possible.

Question 68

こぎ文įĢ ãĢおける新しい寄äģ˜ã¨ã¯ãŠã†ã„うもぎか。

1.äŧæĨ­ãŒį¤žå“Ąã‚„æļˆč˛ģč€…ãŽæ„æ€ãĢかかわりãĒãįŠæĨĩįš„ãĢčĄŒã†ã‚‚ãŽ
2.äŧæĨ­ãŒæ…ˆå–„ä狿Ĩ­ãŽãŸã‚ã§ã¯ãĒãåˆŠį›Šã‚’ä¸Šã’ã‚‹ãŸã‚ãĢčĄŒã†ã‚‚ãŽ
3.į¤žå“Ąã‚„æļˆč˛ģč€…ãŒæ‰‹čģŊãĢ寄äģ˜ãŒã§ããĻäŧæĨ­å´ãĢåˆŠį‚šãŒã‚ã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽ Correct
4.į¤žå“Ąã‚„æļˆč˛ģč€…ãŒæ°—ãŒã¤ã‹ãĒã„ã†ãĄãĢį¤žäŧšč˛ĸįŒŽãĢ参加できるもぎ
Correct Answer: 3. į¤žå“Ąã‚„æļˆč˛ģč€…ãŒæ‰‹čģŊãĢ寄äģ˜ãŒã§ããĻäŧæĨ­å´ãĢåˆŠį‚šãŒã‚ã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage describes new donation forms as "これぞでと比ず手čģŊãĢ寄äģ˜ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒり" (making it easier to donate compared to before) and "äŧæĨ­ãĢã¨ãŖãĻもč‡Ēį¤žãŽã‚¤ãƒĄãƒŧã‚¸ãŽå‘ä¸Šã‚„åŖ˛ã‚Šä¸Šã’ãŽåĸ—加ãĒãŠãƒĄãƒĒットぎ多い取りįĩ„ãŋとãĒãŖãĻいる" (becoming initiatives with many benefits for companies, such as improved image and increased sales). Option 3, "į¤žå“Ąã‚„æļˆč˛ģč€…ãŒæ‰‹čģŊãĢ寄äģ˜ãŒã§ããĻäŧæĨ­å´ãĢåˆŠį‚šãŒã‚ã‚‹ã‚‚ãŽ" (Something that allows employees and consumers to donate easily and has benefits for companies), perfectly combines these two aspects.

Why other options are incorrect:
äŧæĨ­ãŒį¤žå“Ąã‚„æļˆč˛ģč€…ãŽæ„æ€ãĢかかわりãĒãįŠæĨĩįš„ãĢčĄŒã†ã‚‚ãŽ

The new methods *involve* employees/consumers making a choice (eating a meal, buying a product), so their will is involved.

äŧæĨ­ãŒæ…ˆå–„ä狿Ĩ­ãŽãŸã‚ã§ã¯ãĒãåˆŠį›Šã‚’ä¸Šã’ã‚‹ãŸã‚ãĢčĄŒã†ã‚‚ãŽ

While the passage mentions benefits for companies like increased sales, it also states "寄äģ˜ã¯æ…ˆå–„ぎためというばかりでãĒく" (donations are not just for charity), implying it's *also* for charity, not *instead* of charity. It's a win-win.

į¤žå“Ąã‚„æļˆč˛ģč€…ãŒæ°—ãŒã¤ã‹ãĒã„ã†ãĄãĢį¤žäŧšč˛ĸįŒŽãĢ参加できるもぎ

The passage highlights the "手čģŊさ" (ease) and "歓čŋŽã•れ" (welcomed) by consumers, implying they are aware and choose to participate.

å•éĄŒ 12

Reading Passage

A
į¤žäŧšäēēãĢãĒãŖãŸã°ã‹ã‚ŠãŽäģŠã€įš†ã•んはäģ•äē‹ãŽåŽŗã—ã•ã‚„å­Ļį”Ÿæ™‚äģŖãĢはãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‚ˆã†ãĒäēē間é–ĸäŋ‚ãŽč¤‡é›‘ã•ãĢ銚いãĻいるぎではãĒいでしょうか。こんãĒはずではãĒã‹ãŖãŸã¨ã€æŠąã„ãĻã„ãŸį†æƒŗãŒå´Šã‚Œãã†ãĢãĒã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚Œãžã›ã‚“ã€‚į‰šãĢ、č‡Ēåˆ†ã¨ã¯į•°ãĒã‚‹äžĄå€¤čĻŗã‚’æŒãŖãŸä¸Šå¸ã‚„å…ˆčŧŠã‹ã‚‰į„Ąį†ãĒäģ•äē‹ã‚’é ŧぞれたときãĒお、åŧˇããã†æ„Ÿã˜ã‚‹ã“とでしょう。時ãĢは先čŧŠãŽč¨€č‘‰ãĢつい反į™ē(æŗ¨1)したくãĒることもあるでしょう。しかし、そんãĒ時ãĢã¯ãžãšį›¸æ‰‹ãŽč€ƒãˆæ–šã‚’å—ã‘å…ĨれãĻãŋãĻください。äŋĄé ŧé–ĸäŋ‚ã‚’į¯‰ããĢã¯ã‚ã‚‹į¨‹åēĻぎ時間がåŋ…čĻã§ã‚ã‚Šã€ããŽã‚ã¨ã§č‡Ēåˆ†ãŽč€ƒãˆã‚’čŋ°ãšã‚Œã°ã‚ˆã„ぎです。それぞではč‡Ēåˆ†ã‚’æŠ‘ãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚‚å¤§åˆ‡ã§ã€ãã‚ŒãŒį¤žäŧšäēēとしãĻãŽč¨“įˇ´ã§ã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã€‚

B
äēē間ãĢã¨ãŖãĻåŋƒčēĢå…ąãĢåĨåēˇã§ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒį†æƒŗįš„ã ãŒã€æ–°ã—ãį¤žäŧšãĢå‡ēたč‹Ĩč€…ãŸãĄã¯ã€æ™‚ãĢはうぞくいかãĒいことãĢå‡ēäŧšã„、č‡ĒäŋĄã‚’å¤ąã†ã“ã¨ã‚‚ã‚ã‚‹ã ã‚ã†ã€‚įĩŒé¨“ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨ã€åŒåƒšã‚„å…ˆčŧŠãŽæ¸Šã‹ã„č¨€č‘‰ãŒč€ŗãĢå…ĨらãĒくãĒãŖãĻしぞうぎは、そういう、č‡Ē分ãĢč‡ĒäŋĄãŒãĒくãĒãŖãŸã¨ãã§ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤šã„ã€‚ããŽįĩæžœã€äģŠãžã§į¯‰ã„ãĻきたäēē間é–ĸäŋ‚ãžã§åŖŠã—ãĻしぞうことさえある。č‡Ē分ぎ周りぎäēē達を大切ãĢしãĻã€åŠŠč¨€(æŗ¨2)ã‚’į”Ÿã‹ã—ãĻã„ãæ°—æŒãĄã‚’æŒã¤ãŸã‚ãĢは、ぞずč‡Ē分ぎこれぞでぎåŠĒåŠ›ã‚’č‚¯åŽšįš„ãĢとらえãĻãŋよう。įĩæžœãŒåŽŒį’§ã§ãĒくãĻã‚‚ã€ã€Œã‚ˆãã‚„ãŖãŸã€ã¨č‡Ē分č‡ĒčēĢãĢč¨€ãˆã‚‹ã¨ã€ãģかぎäēēãŽč¨€č‘‰ã‚‚į´ į›´ãĢčžãã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢãĒる。

(æŗ¨1)反į™ēする:č¨€ã„čŋ”す
(æŗ¨2)åŠŠč¨€:ã‚ĸドバイ゚
English Summary & Annotations
Passage A addresses new members of society, acknowledging their surprise at the harshness of work and the complexity of human relationships, which can shatter their ideals. Especially when asked to do unreasonable tasks by superiors or seniors with different values, one might feel like `反į™ēする (ã¯ã‚“ãąã¤ã™ã‚‹: rebutting/rebelling)`. However, the author advises to first accept the other person's way of thinking, as building trust takes time. It's important to `č‡Ē分を抑える (じãļんをおさえる: restrain oneself)` until then, which is part of training as a working adult. Passage B discusses that while physical and mental health is ideal, young people entering society may encounter difficulties and lose confidence. From experience, warm words from colleagues or seniors often become unheard when one loses confidence, potentially even destroying existing human relationships. To value those around oneself and make use of `åŠŠč¨€ (じょげん: advice)`, one should first view their past efforts positively. Even if results aren't perfect, being able to tell oneself "well done" allows one to listen to others' words `į´ į›´ãĢ (すãĒおãĢ: honestly/obediently)`.
Question 69

AとBãĢå…ąé€šã—ãĻčŋ°ãšã‚‰ã‚ŒãĻいることはäŊ•か。

1.čˇå ´ã§ãŽäēē間é–ĸäŋ‚を大äē‹ãĢするãĢはおうすればいいか。 Correct
2.čˇå ´ã§č‡Ē分ぎåŠĒ力をčĒã‚ãĻもらうãĢはおうすればいいか。
3.į¤žäŧšäēēãĢãĒãŖãĻčˇå ´ã§č‡ĒäŋĄã‚’ãĒくしたとき、おうすればいいか
4.į¤žäŧšãĢå‡ēãĻå‘¨å›˛ãŽäēēとč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽč€ƒãˆãŒé•ãŖãŸã¨ãã€ãŠã†ã™ã‚Œã°ã„ã„ã‹ã€‚
Correct Answer: 1. čˇå ´ã§ãŽäēē間é–ĸäŋ‚を大äē‹ãĢするãĢはおうすればいいか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Both passages address new working adults facing challenges in the workplace. Passage A focuses on accepting others' views to build trust and maintain relationships, especially when values differ. Passage B discusses how losing confidence can damage relationships and advises self-affirmation to better receive advice and value people around. Both ultimately provide advice on how to navigate and maintain good "äēē間é–ĸäŋ‚" (human relationships) in the workplace. Option 1, "čˇå ´ã§ãŽäēē間é–ĸäŋ‚を大äē‹ãĢするãĢはおうすればいいか" (What to do to value human relationships at work), is the overarching theme.

Why other options are incorrect:
čˇå ´ã§č‡Ē分ぎåŠĒ力をčĒã‚ãĻもらうãĢはおうすればいいか。

This is not the main focus of either passage. B mentions affirming one's own efforts, but it's a means to better receive advice and maintain relationships, not an end in itself for recognition.

į¤žäŧšäēēãĢãĒãŖãĻčˇå ´ã§č‡ĒäŋĄã‚’ãĒくしたとき、おうすればいいか

While B specifically addresses losing confidence, A focuses more broadly on differing values and difficult tasks. This option is too specific to B and doesn't cover the commonality.

į¤žäŧšãĢå‡ēãĻå‘¨å›˛ãŽäēēとč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽč€ƒãˆãŒé•ãŖãŸã¨ãã€ãŠã†ã™ã‚Œã°ã„ã„ã‹ã€‚

A touches on this ("č‡Ēåˆ†ã¨ã¯į•°ãĒã‚‹äžĄå€¤čĻŗã‚’æŒãŖãŸä¸Šå¸ã‚„å…ˆčŧŠ"), but B does not. The common theme is broader than just differing opinions.

Question 70

AとBã§ã¯æ–°į¤žäŧšäēēãĢおぎようãĢã‚ĸドバイ゚をしãĻいるか。

1.Aではč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽäžĄå€¤čĻŗã‚’é‡čĻ–ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bではč‡Ē分ぎåŠĒ力しãĻきたå§ŋを振りčŋ”ることが大切だとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。
2.Aでは周りぎäēēãĢč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽč€ƒãˆã‚’äŧãˆã‚‹ã“とが大切だとčŋ°ãšã€Bã§ã¯į›¸æ‰‹ãĢčĒã‚ãĻもらうことが大切だとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。
3.Aã§ã¯į›¸æ‰‹ãŽč€ƒãˆã‚’å°Šé‡ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bではč‡Ē分ぎåŠĒ力をčĒã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšãĻいる。 Correct
4.Aã§ã¯į›¸æ‰‹ãŽæ„čĻ‹ã‚’čĒã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bでは周りぎäēēãŽč¨€č‘‰ã‚’čžãã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšãĻいる。
Correct Answer: 3. Aã§ã¯į›¸æ‰‹ãŽč€ƒãˆã‚’å°Šé‡ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bではč‡Ē分ぎåŠĒ力をčĒã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšãĻいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Passage A advises, "しかし、そんãĒ時ãĢã¯ãžãšį›¸æ‰‹ãŽč€ƒãˆæ–šã‚’å—ã‘å…ĨれãĻãŋãĻください。" (However, in such cases, please first accept the other person's way of thinking.) This means respecting their thoughts. Passage B advises, "ぞずč‡Ē分ぎこれぞでぎåŠĒåŠ›ã‚’č‚¯åŽšįš„ãĢとらえãĻãŋよう。įĩæžœãŒåŽŒį’§ã§ãĒくãĻã‚‚ã€ã€Œã‚ˆãã‚„ãŖãŸã€ã¨č‡Ē分č‡ĒčēĢãĢč¨€ãˆã‚‹ã¨..." (First, try to view your past efforts positively. Even if the results aren't perfect, if you can tell yourself "well done"...). This means recognizing one's own efforts. Therefore, option 3 accurately summarizes the advice from both passages.

Why other options are incorrect:
Aではč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽäžĄå€¤čĻŗã‚’é‡čĻ–ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bではč‡Ē分ぎåŠĒ力しãĻきたå§ŋを振りčŋ”ることが大切だとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。

A advises *accepting others' values* first, not prioritizing one's own.

Aでは周りぎäēēãĢč‡Ēåˆ†ãŽč€ƒãˆã‚’äŧãˆã‚‹ã“とが大切だとčŋ°ãšã€Bã§ã¯į›¸æ‰‹ãĢčĒã‚ãĻもらうことが大切だとčŋ°ãšãĻいる。

A says to state one's thoughts *after* building trust, not that it's the *first* important thing. B focuses on self-affirmation to *receive* advice, not on being recognized by others.

Aã§ã¯į›¸æ‰‹ãŽæ„čĻ‹ã‚’čĒã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšã€Bでは周りぎäēēãŽč¨€č‘‰ã‚’čžãã“ã¨ãŒå¤§åˆ‡ã ã¨čŋ°ãšãĻいる。

This is similar to option 3's correct part for A. However, B says that *if* you affirm yourself, you *can* listen to others' words, but the core advice is the self-affirmation itself, which enables listening. Option 3's description for B is more direct.

å•éĄŒ 13

Reading Passage

「原は、○○とé–ĸäŋ‚があるぎですよ。それãĢ思いついãĻå‡ēæĨたぎです。

おうしãĻã‚‚č§Ŗã‘ãĒã„ã§ã„ãŸå•éĄŒã‚’å…ˆãĢč§Ŗã„ãŸäēēã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã‚ã‚Œã€ãã‚Œã ãŖãŸã‚‰ã€č‡Ē分ぎ斚がįĩŒé¨“ãŒčąŠå¯Œã ã—ã€įŸĨč­˜ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã—ã€ã€ŒäŋēãĢもできたはずãĒぎãĢãƒģãƒģãƒģ」
と悔しい思いをすることがある。ã‚ĸイデã‚ĸãĢしãĻも、「こぎぐらいぎã‚ĸイデã‚ĸã ãŖãŸã‚‰ã€č‡Ēåˆ†ãŒč€ƒãˆã¤ã„ãĻもおかしくãĒいぎãĢ」と思うことはįĩæ§‹ã€å¤šã„もぎである。

記æ†ļ力ãĢは、čĻšãˆã‚‹åŠ›ã¨åŧ•きå‡ēす力ぎäēŒã¤ãŒã‚る。いくらčĻšãˆãĻも、それをåŧ•きå‡ēせãĒければåŊšãĢįĢ‹ãŸãĒい。しかし、čĻšãˆãĻいãĒいもぎはåŧ•きå‡ēしようがãĒã„ã€‚ã¤ãžã‚Šã€ããŽä¸Ąæ–šãŽé›ãˆãĒã„ã¨ã€č¨˜æ†ļåŠ›ã¯į”ŸããĻこãĒいぎである。

ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋは一äēēぎäēēがčĻšãˆãã‚ŒãĒい、そもそも晎通ãĒらå‡ēäŧšã†ã“ともãĒã„č†¨å¤§ãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’č¨˜æ†ļしãĻおり、われわれはそれを検į´ĸã‚¨ãƒŗã‚¸ãƒŗãĢã‚ˆãŖãĻ、検į´ĸしåŧ•きå‡ēせる。しかし、äēēãŒã‚ã‚‹å•éĄŒč§ŖæąēをしãĻいる時は、そうしãĻã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋからåŧ•きå‡ēしたįŸĨč­˜ãŒã€įŸ­æœŸé–“ãĢせよč‡Ē分ぎ頭ぎ中ãĢã€ãã‚Œãžã§æŒãŖãĻいたįŸĨč­˜ã¨ã¨ã‚‚ãĢ記æ†ļ構成されãĒければåŊšãĢįĢ‹ãŸãĒい。

ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋãŒã„ãã‚‰čąŠå¯ŒãĒįŸĨč­˜ã‚’å†…č”ĩ(æŗ¨1)しãĻいãĻも、äēē間č‡ĒčēĢがそうしãĻ検æŸģしたįŸĨč­˜ã‚’ã€čĻšãˆã€é–ĸ逪äģ˜ã‘ã€å†ãŗåŧ•きå‡ēã™ã¨ã„ã†č¨“įˇ´ã‚’ã—ãĻいãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã€åŽãŽæŒãĄč…ã‚Œ(æŗ¨2)である。では、おうしたら、そういうé–ĸé€Ŗã—ãĻåŧ•きå‡ēã›ã‚‹č¨˜æ†ļとすることができるか?

記æ†ļ力を鍛えるいろいろãĒæœŦが書かれãĻいるが、掋åŋĩãĒãŒã‚‰ã€į§ãĢã¯į‰šåŠšč–Ŧがあるとは思えãĒい。
が、ぞずčĻšãˆã‚‹æ™‚ãĢã€į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆãŸã“ã¨ã¯æ­Ŗã—ãå‡ēãĻãã‚‹ã€‚äž‹ãˆã°ã€å•éĄŒã‚’č§Ŗãã¨ãã§ã‚‚ã€ã€Œã‚ã€ã“ã‚Œã¯æ˜¨åš´č§Ŗã„ãŸå•éĄŒã¨äŧŧãŸå•éĄŒã ã€ã¨æ°—ãŒã¤ã„ãĻã™ã‚‰ã™ã‚‰č§Ŗã‘ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ã—ã‹ã—ã€æ˜¨åš´č§Ŗã„ãŸå•éĄŒã‚’ã—ãŖã‹ã‚Šã¨į†č§Ŗã—ãĻいãĒいと、é–ĸäŋ‚がわからãĒいためãĢč„ŗãŽä¸­ã§é€Ŗįĩ(æŗ¨3)することができãĒいぎだ。うろčĻšãˆ(æŗ¨4)ではおこかãĢįŠ´ãŒã§ããĻ、垌でæ´ģį”¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ããĒい。

æŦĄãĢ、おんãĒことをčĒ­ã‚“ã ã‚Ščžã„ãŸã‚Šã—ãĻも、č‡Ē分ぎįŸĨãŖãĻいること、įĩŒé¨“したこととぎé–ĸé€Ŗã‚’æ€ã„æĩŽã‹ãšã‚‹ã“とだ。いつも、「もしそうãĒら」とそぎåŊšįĢ‹ãĄæ–šãĢついãĻæƒŗåƒã‚’č†¨ã‚‰ãžã›ãĒがら新しいįŸĨč­˜ã‚’čĻšãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ãã‚ŒãŒįŸĨč­˜ã¸ãŽæ„Ÿå—æ€§(æŗ¨5)をéĢ˜ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚

記æ†ļをã‚ĸイデã‚ĸやå‰ĩé€ ã¨ã„ã†å•éĄŒč§ŖæąēãĢį”Ÿã‹ã™ãŸã‚ãĢは、一つ一つをčĻšãˆã‚‹æ™‚ãĢã€ã€Œã‚ã‹ãŖãŸã€ã¨ã€Œã‚‚ã—ãã†ãĒら」から゚ã‚ŋãƒŧトすることであろうか。

(æŗ¨1)内č”ĩする:そぎ中ãĢæŒãŖãĻいる
(æŗ¨2)åŽãŽæŒãĄč…ã‚Œã§ã‚ã‚‹:ã›ãŖã‹ãã„ã„ã‚‚ãŽã§ã‚‚į„Ąé§„ãĢãĒãŖãĻしぞう。
(æŗ¨3)逪įĩã™ã‚‹:įĩãŗã¤ã‘ã‚‹
(æŗ¨4)うろčĻšãˆ:ã¯ãŖãã‚Šã¨čĻšãˆãĻいãĒいこと
(æŗ¨5)感受性:į‰Šã‚’æ„Ÿã˜å–ã‚‹åŠ›
English Summary & Annotations
The author discusses the frustration of thinking "I should have been able to do that..." when someone else solves a problem or comes up with an idea that one feels they had enough experience and knowledge for. Memory, the author explains, has two powers: `čĻšãˆã‚‹åŠ› (おãŧãˆã‚‹ãĄã‹ã‚‰: the power to remember)` and `åŧ•きå‡ēす力 (ã˛ãã ã™ãĄã‹ã‚‰: the power to retrieve)`. Both must be trained, as even if one remembers a lot, it's useless if it can't be retrieved, and nothing can be retrieved if not remembered. The passage then uses computers as an analogy. Computers `内č”ĩする (ãĒいぞうする: store)` vast amounts of information, which humans can retrieve using search engines. However, for problem-solving, knowledge retrieved from a computer is useless unless it's `記æ†ļ構成され (きおくこうせいされ: integrated into memory)` with one's existing knowledge in their own mind, even for a short period. If humans don't train themselves to remember, `é–ĸ逪äģ˜ã‘ (かんれんãĨけ: associate)`, and retrieve knowledge, then even a computer's vast knowledge is `åŽãŽæŒãĄč…ã‚Œ (ãŸã‹ã‚‰ãŽã‚‚ãĄãã•ã‚Œ: a wasted treasure)`. So, how can one make memory retrievable through association? While many books exist on training memory, the author doesn't believe there's a `į‰šåŠšč–Ŧ (ã¨ãŖã“ã†ã‚„ã: miracle cure)`. Instead, the key is to `į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆã‚‹ (りかいしãĻおãŧえる: understand and remember)` when learning something new. Understood information comes out correctly. For example, when solving a problem, one might realize, "Ah, this is similar to a problem I solved last year," and solve it smoothly. But if the previous problem wasn't `ã—ãŖã‹ã‚Šã¨į†č§Ŗ (ã—ãŖã‹ã‚Šã¨ りかい: thoroughly understood)`, the brain cannot `逪įĩ (れんけつ: link)` the relationship. `うろčĻšãˆ (うろおãŧえ: vague memory)` leaves gaps, making it unusable later. Secondly, when reading or hearing anything, one should always `é–ĸé€Ŗã‚’æ€ã„æĩŽã‹ãšã‚‹ (かんれんを おもいうかずる: recall associations)` with what they already know or have experienced. One should always learn new knowledge while `æƒŗåƒã‚’č†¨ã‚‰ãžã›ãĒがら (そうぞうを ãĩくらぞせãĒがら: expanding their imagination)` about its potential usefulness, starting with "what if." This enhances one's `感受性 (かんじゅせい: sensitivity)` to knowledge. To utilize memory for problem-solving, ideas, and creation, one should start by understanding ("ã‚ã‹ãŖãŸ") and imagining its application ("もしそうãĒら").
Question 71

į­†č€…ã¯<u>「äŋēãĢもできたはずãĒぎãĢãƒģãƒģãƒģ」</u>とčŋ°ãšãĻいるが、できãĒã‹ãŖãŸį†į”ąã‚’ãŠãŽã‚ˆã†ãĢč€ƒãˆãĻいるか。

1.č‡Ēåˆ†ãŒč¨˜æ†ļã—ãŸæ–šæŗ•ãŒããŽå•éĄŒãŽč§ŖæąēãĢ合うもぎではãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰
2.č‡Ē分ぎäģŠãžã§ãŽįĩŒé¨“ã‚„įŸĨč­˜ã‚’ããŽå•éĄŒã¨é–ĸ逪äģ˜ã‘られãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰ Correct
3.č‡Ē分ぎ斚がįĩŒé¨“ã‚„įŸĨč­˜ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã¨æ€ãŖãĻいたが原際はそうではãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰
4.č‡Ēåˆ†ã§ã¯č¨˜æ†ļã—ãŸã¤ã‚‚ã‚Šã§ã„ãŸã“ã¨ãŒæƒ…å ąã¨ã—ãĻč“„įŠã•ã‚ŒãĻいãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰
Correct Answer: 2. č‡Ē分ぎäģŠãžã§ãŽįĩŒé¨“ã‚„įŸĨč­˜ã‚’ããŽå•éĄŒã¨é–ĸ逪äģ˜ã‘られãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains that even if one has experience and knowledge, if they don't "į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆã‚‹" (understand and remember) and "č‡Ē分ぎįŸĨãŖãĻいること、įĩŒé¨“したこととぎé–ĸé€Ŗã‚’æ€ã„æĩŽã‹ãšã‚‹" (recall associations with what they already know or have experienced), they cannot "逪įĩ" (link) the information. The phrase "äŋēãĢもできたはずãĒぎãĢ" (I should have been able to do it) is followed by the explanation that memory needs both "čĻšãˆã‚‹åŠ›" (power to remember) and "åŧ•きå‡ēす力" (power to retrieve), and that "うろčĻšãˆã§ã¯ãŠã“ã‹ãĢįŠ´ãŒã§ããĻ、垌でæ´ģį”¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ããĒい" (vague memory leaves gaps, making it unusable later). This implies the failure is in the *connection* or *retrieval* of existing knowledge. Option 2, "č‡Ē分ぎäģŠãžã§ãŽįĩŒé¨“ã‚„įŸĨč­˜ã‚’ããŽå•éĄŒã¨é–ĸ逪äģ˜ã‘られãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰" (Because one could not associate their past experiences and knowledge with that problem), directly addresses this inability to link or utilize existing knowledge.

Why other options are incorrect:
č‡Ēåˆ†ãŒč¨˜æ†ļã—ãŸæ–šæŗ•ãŒããŽå•éĄŒãŽč§ŖæąēãĢ合うもぎではãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰

The passage doesn't focus on the *method* of memorization being unsuitable, but rather the *quality* of understanding and the *ability to link* information.

č‡Ē分ぎ斚がįĩŒé¨“ã‚„įŸĨč­˜ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã¨æ€ãŖãĻいたが原際はそうではãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰

The passage explicitly states "č‡Ē分ぎ斚がįĩŒé¨“ãŒčąŠå¯Œã ã—ã€įŸĨč­˜ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã—" (I have more experience and knowledge), so the problem isn't a lack of knowledge itself, but the inability to apply it.

č‡Ēåˆ†ã§ã¯č¨˜æ†ļã—ãŸã¤ã‚‚ã‚Šã§ã„ãŸã“ã¨ãŒæƒ…å ąã¨ã—ãĻč“„įŠã•ã‚ŒãĻいãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‹ã‚‰

The passage says "čĻšãˆãĻいãĒいもぎはåŧ•きå‡ēしようがãĒい" (nothing can be retrieved if not remembered), but the context of "äŋēãĢもできたはずãĒぎãĢ" is when one *does* have the knowledge but can't *apply* it, implying it *was* accumulated but not effectively linked or retrieved.

Question 72

į­†č€…ã¯ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋぎ䞋をあげãĻäŊ•ã‚’č¨€ãŠã†ã¨ã—ãĻいるぎか。

1.äēēé–“ã˛ã¨ã‚Šã˛ã¨ã‚ŠãŒæŒã¤æƒ…å ąé‡ã¯ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋãŽæŒã¤æƒ…å ąé‡ã‚’åˆ°åē•čļ…えることができãĒい。
2.äēēé–“ã˛ã¨ã‚Šã˛ã¨ã‚ŠãŒæŒã¤č¨˜æ†ļåŠ›ã¯æƒ…å ąé‡ãŽčąŠå¯ŒãĒã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋã‚’åˆŠį”¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã•ã‚‰ãĢį”Ÿã‹ã›ã‚‹ã€‚
3.äēēé–“ãŒå•éĄŒã‚’č§Ŗæąēã™ã‚‹éŽį¨‹ã¯ã€ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋãŒč†¨å¤§ãĒデãƒŧã‚ŋからåŋ…čρãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’åŧ•きå‡ēã™éŽį¨‹ã¨åŒã˜ã ã€‚
4.äēēé–“ãŒå•éĄŒã‚’č§ŖæąēするãĢã¯ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋぎようãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚„æƒ…å ąã‚’æŒãŖãĻいるだけでは不十分である。 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. äēēé–“ãŒå•éĄŒã‚’č§ŖæąēするãĢã¯ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋぎようãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚„æƒ…å ąã‚’æŒãŖãĻいるだけでは不十分である。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋãŒã„ãã‚‰čąŠå¯ŒãĒįŸĨč­˜ã‚’å†…č”ĩしãĻいãĻも、äēē間č‡ĒčēĢがそうしãĻ検æŸģしたįŸĨč­˜ã‚’ã€čĻšãˆã€é–ĸ逪äģ˜ã‘ã€å†ãŗåŧ•きå‡ēã™ã¨ã„ã†č¨“įˇ´ã‚’ã—ãĻいãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã€åŽãŽæŒãĄč…ã‚Œã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚" (No matter how much knowledge a computer stores, if humans themselves do not train to remember, associate, and retrieve the knowledge they have searched for, it is a wasted treasure.) This highlights that simply having information (like a computer) is not enough; humans need to actively process, link, and retrieve it for it to be useful for problem-solving. Option 4, "äēēé–“ãŒå•éĄŒã‚’č§ŖæąēするãĢã¯ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋぎようãĢįŸĨč­˜ã‚„æƒ…å ąã‚’æŒãŖãĻいるだけでは不十分である" (For humans to solve problems, merely possessing knowledge and information like a computer is insufficient), directly conveys this point.

Why other options are incorrect:
äēēé–“ã˛ã¨ã‚Šã˛ã¨ã‚ŠãŒæŒã¤æƒ…å ąé‡ã¯ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋãŽæŒã¤æƒ…å ąé‡ã‚’åˆ°åē•čļ…えることができãĒい。

While implied that computers have vast info, the main point of the analogy is about *how* humans use information, not the sheer quantity.

äēēé–“ã˛ã¨ã‚Šã˛ã¨ã‚ŠãŒæŒã¤č¨˜æ†ļåŠ›ã¯æƒ…å ąé‡ãŽčąŠå¯ŒãĒã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋã‚’åˆŠį”¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã•ã‚‰ãĢį”Ÿã‹ã›ã‚‹ã€‚

The passage says computer-retrieved knowledge needs to be integrated into one's own mind, but the primary message is about the *human's* active processing, not just leveraging the computer.

äēēé–“ãŒå•éĄŒã‚’č§Ŗæąēã™ã‚‹éŽį¨‹ã¯ã€ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋãŒč†¨å¤§ãĒデãƒŧã‚ŋからåŋ…čρãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’åŧ•きå‡ēã™éŽį¨‹ã¨åŒã˜ã ã€‚

The passage draws a *contrast* by saying that for humans, simply retrieving (like a computer) is not enough; it needs to be integrated and actively used.

Question 73

į­†č€…ã¯č¨˜æ†ļ力を鍛えるãĢはおうすればよいとčŋ°ãšãĻいるか。

1.新しいįŸĨč­˜ã‚’į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆã€č‡Ē分がįŸĨãŖãĻいることとé–ĸé€Ŗã•ã›ã‚‹ã€‚ Correct
2.č‡Ē分がこれぞでãĢįĩŒé¨“ã—ãŸã“ã¨ã‚„č†¨å¤§ãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’ã—ãŖã‹ã‚Šį†č§Ŗã™ã‚‹ã€‚
3.æ–°ã—ã„å•éĄŒã‚’įš°ã‚Ščŋ”ã—č§Ŗã„ãĻ、č‡Ēåˆ†ãŽį†č§Ŗã‚’įĸēčĒã—ãĒãŒã‚‰åŽšį€ã•ã›ã‚‹ã€‚
4.č‡Ēåˆ†ãŒč€ƒãˆäģ˜ã„たã‚ĸイデã‚ĸã‚’æƒ…å ąã¨ã—ãĻč“„ãˆã€åŋ…čρãĒ時ãĢåŧ•きå‡ēす。
Correct Answer: 1. 新しいįŸĨč­˜ã‚’į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆã€č‡Ē分がįŸĨãŖãĻいることとé–ĸé€Ŗã•ã›ã‚‹ã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage gives two main points for training memory: "ぞずčĻšãˆã‚‹æ™‚ãĢã€į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚" (First, when remembering, understand and remember.) and "æŦĄãĢ、おんãĒことをčĒ­ã‚“ã ã‚Ščžã„ãŸã‚Šã—ãĻも、č‡Ē分ぎįŸĨãŖãĻいること、įĩŒé¨“したこととぎé–ĸé€Ŗã‚’æ€ã„æĩŽã‹ãšã‚‹ã“とだ。" (Next, no matter what you read or hear, recall associations with what you already know or have experienced.) Option 1, "新しいįŸĨč­˜ã‚’į†č§Ŗã—ãĻčĻšãˆã€č‡Ē分がįŸĨãŖãĻいることとé–ĸé€Ŗã•ã›ã‚‹" (Understand and remember new knowledge, and associate it with what one already knows), combines both of these key pieces of advice.

Why other options are incorrect:
č‡Ē分がこれぞでãĢįĩŒé¨“ã—ãŸã“ã¨ã‚„č†¨å¤§ãĒæƒ…å ąã‚’ã—ãŖã‹ã‚Šį†č§Ŗã™ã‚‹ã€‚

While understanding is important, the passage emphasizes understanding *new* knowledge and *linking* it to existing knowledge, not just understanding existing vast information.

æ–°ã—ã„å•éĄŒã‚’įš°ã‚Ščŋ”ã—č§Ŗã„ãĻ、č‡Ēåˆ†ãŽį†č§Ŗã‚’įĸēčĒã—ãĒãŒã‚‰åŽšį€ã•ã›ã‚‹ã€‚

The passage uses problem-solving as an *example* of when linked memory is useful, but it's not the direct advice for *training* memory.

č‡Ēåˆ†ãŒč€ƒãˆäģ˜ã„たã‚ĸイデã‚ĸã‚’æƒ…å ąã¨ã—ãĻč“„ãˆã€åŋ…čρãĒ時ãĢåŧ•きå‡ēす。

The passage mentions ideas and creativity as *applications* of memory, but this option describes a result or a specific type of information, not the general method for training memory.

å•éĄŒ 14

Reading Passage

æąčĨŋ大å­Ļã€Œį•™å­Ļį”ŸãŽãŸã‚ãŽå°ąčˇã‚ģミナãƒŧ」

こぎã‚ģミナãƒŧでは、æ—ĨæœŦã§å°ąčˇæ´ģå‹•ã‚’čĄŒã†éš›ãĢåŋ…čρãĒæƒ…å ąã‚„ãƒžãƒŠãƒŧãĒおãĢついãĻå­Ļãŗãžã™ã€‚ãžãŸã€äŧæĨ­ãŽæ‹…åŊ“č€…ã‹ã‚‰å…ˇäŊ“įš„ãĒæĨ­å‹™å†…厚ãĢついãĻį›´æŽĨčžãã“ã¨ã‚‚ã§ããžã™ã€‚æ—ĨæœŦã§ãŽå°ąčˇã‚’č€ƒãˆãĻいるäēēã¯įŠæĨĩįš„ãĢ参加しãĻください。

æ—Ĩ時:åšŗæˆ22åš´11月30æ—Ĩ(įĢ)10:00-15:00

参加äŧæĨ­:金融ãƒģå°åŖ˛æĨ­ãƒģæƒ…å ąãƒģ通äŋĄãƒģč˛ŋ易ãƒģå•†į¤žãĒお20į¤ž

å¯žčąĄ:åšŗæˆ24åš´3月ぞでãĢ卒æĨ­äēˆåŽšãŽæœŦå­Ļį•™å­Ļį”Ÿ

プログナム:
įŦŦ1部 æ—ĨæœŦã§ãŽå°ąčˇæ´ģå‹•ãŽé€˛ã‚æ–šãĢついãĻ(čŦ›å¸Ģ:æœŦå­Ļå°ąčˇæ‹…åŊ“者)
å°ąčˇæ´ģ動ぎマナãƒŧ、åąĨ歴書ぎ書き斚、ビã‚ļぎ変更ãĢé–ĸするčĢ¸æ‰‹įļšããĒお

įŦŦ2部 合同äŧæĨ­čĒŦ明äŧš(čŦ›å¸Ģ:各äŧæĨ­æŽĄį”¨æ‹…åŊ“者)
各äŧæĨ­ãŽä狿Ĩ­å†…åŽšæŽĄį”¨æ–šé‡ãĒお(čŗĒ問はįŦŦ3部で受ける)

įŦŦ3部 個åˆĨᛏč̇
①各äŧæĨ­ãŽæŽĄį”¨æ‹…åŊ“者ãĢよるæĨ­å‹™čĒŦ明
個åˆĨぎčŗĒå•ã‚’å¸Œæœ›ã™ã‚‹č€…ã¯ã€äŧ‘æ†Šæ™‚é–“ã‚’åˆŠį”¨ã—ãĻあらかじめčŗĒå•į”¨į´™ãĢ記å…ĨしãĻãŠãã“ã¨ã€‚į”¨į´™ã¯äŧšå ´å—けäģ˜ãĢありぞす。

②æœŦå­ĻãŽå°ąčˇæ‹…åŊ“者ãĢよるåąĨ歴書ぎ書き斚指導
åąĨæ­´æ›¸ãŽæ›¸ãæ–šæŒ‡å°Žã‚’å¸Œæœ›ã™ã‚‹č€…ã¯ã€č‡Ē分で書いたåąĨ歴書を持参すること*12ã¨ã‚‚į”ŗčžŧ不čρ

時間とäŧšå ´:
įŦŦ1部 10:00-10:50 7åˇé¤¨1階大čŦ›įžŠåޤ
įŦŦ2部 11:00-11:50 7åˇé¤¨1階大čŦ›įžŠåޤ
äŧ‘憊 12:00-13:00
įŦŦ3部 13:00-15:00
① 金融ãƒģå°åŖ˛ã‚ŠæĨ­é–ĸäŋ‚äŧæĨ­ 7åˇé¤¨2階201
æƒ…å ąãƒģ通äŋĄé–ĸäŋ‚äŧæĨ­ 7åˇé¤¨2階202
② č˛ŋæ˜“å•†į¤žé–ĸäŋ‚äŧæĨ­ 7åˇé¤¨2階203
åąĨ歴書ぎ書き斚指導 7åˇé¤¨2階204

æŗ¨æ„äē‹é …:æœčŖ…ã¯ã‚šãƒŧãƒ„ã¨ã—ã€į­†č¨˜į”¨å…ˇã‚’æŒå‚ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã€‚
įŦŦ1部、įŦŦ2部では、途上å…Ĩå ´ãƒģ退場をしãĒいこと。

問い合わせ:å°ąčˇčĒ˛åąąį”°(01-2345-6789)
English Summary & Annotations
This is an announcement for Tozai University's "Job Seminar for International Students," aimed at students graduating by March 2012 who are considering working in Japan. The seminar, held on November 30, 2010, from 10:00 to 15:00, will cover necessary information and manners for job hunting in Japan, and allow attendees to hear directly from company representatives about specific job details. The program includes: * **Part 1 (10:00-10:50, 7th Building 1F Large Lecture Hall):** Guidance on job hunting in Japan, including manners, resume writing, and visa change procedures. * **Part 2 (11:00-11:50, 7th Building 1F Large Lecture Hall):** Joint company briefing session by company recruiters (questions will be taken in Part 3). * **Part 3 (13:00-15:00):** Individual consultations. * **① Business explanations by company recruiters:** For individual questions, attendees should use the break time to fill out a question form available at the reception. Companies are grouped by industry: Finance/Retail (7th Building 2F 201), Information/Communication (7th Building 2F 202). * **② Resume writing guidance by university job counselors:** Those wishing for guidance should bring their self-written resume. This and the previous Part 3 session do not require prior application. * Other industries for Part 3: Trading Companies (7th Building 2F 203). **Important Notes:** Attendees must wear a suit and bring writing tools. No entering or exiting during Parts 1 and 2. For inquiries, contact Yamada at the Career Services Office.
Question 74

į•™å­Ļį”ŸãŽã‚Šãƒŧさんは、æ—ĨæœŦãŽã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋé–ĸé€ŖãŽäŧæĨ­ã¸ãŽå°ąčˇã‚’希望しãĻいる。こぎã‚ģミナãƒŧではäŧæĨ­ãŽæŽĄį”¨æ‹…åŊ“者ãĢčŗĒå•ã‚’ã—ãŸã„ã¨æ€ãŖãĻいる。ãƒĒãƒŧさんは同æ—Ĩおうすればいいか。

1.個åˆĨᛏčĢ‡ãŽį”ŗã—čžŧãŋをした上で、11:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ1階大čŦ›įžŠåޤãĢčĄŒãã€‚
2.個åˆĨᛏčĢ‡ãŽį”ŗã—čžŧãŋをした上で、13:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ2階202ãĢčĄŒãã€‚
3.čŗĒå•į”¨į´™ãĢčŗĒå•ã‚’č¨˜å…Ĩした上で、11:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ1階大čŦ›įžŠåޤãĢčĄŒãã€‚
4.čŗĒå•į”¨į´™ãĢčŗĒå•ã‚’č¨˜å…Ĩした上で、13:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ2階202ãĢčĄŒãã€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. čŗĒå•į”¨į´™ãĢčŗĒå•ã‚’č¨˜å…Ĩした上で、13:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ2階202ãĢčĄŒãã€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Lee wants to ask questions to company recruiters for a "ã‚ŗãƒŗãƒ”ãƒĨãƒŧã‚ŋé–ĸé€ŖãŽäŧæĨ­" (computer-related company). The program states that questions for company recruiters are taken in "įŦŦ3部 個åˆĨᛏč̇" (Part 3 Individual Consultation). For individual questions, one must "äŧ‘æ†Šæ™‚é–“ã‚’åˆŠį”¨ã—ãĻあらかじめčŗĒå•į”¨į´™ãĢ記å…ĨしãĻおくこと" (use the break time to fill out a question form in advance). The table shows "æƒ…å ąãƒģ通äŋĄé–ĸäŋ‚äŧæĨ­" (Information/Communication related companies) are in "7åˇé¤¨2階202" (Building 7, 2nd floor, room 202) during "įŦŦ3部" (13:00-15:00). Also, the note says "*12ã¨ã‚‚į”ŗčžŧ不čρ" (neither *1 nor *2 requires application), meaning no prior application for individual consultation is needed. Therefore, option 4, "čŗĒå•į”¨į´™ãĢčŗĒå•ã‚’č¨˜å…Ĩした上で、13:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ2階202ãĢčĄŒã" (After filling in questions on the question form, go to Building 7, 2nd floor, room 202 at 13:00), is the correct course of action.

Why other options are incorrect:
個åˆĨᛏčĢ‡ãŽį”ŗã—čžŧãŋをした上で、11:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ1階大čŦ›įžŠåޤãĢčĄŒãã€‚

Both option 1 and 2 mention "個åˆĨᛏčĢ‡ãŽį”ŗã—čžŧãŋをした上で" (After applying for individual consultation). The passage explicitly states "ᔺčžŧ不čρ" (no application needed) for Part 3.

個åˆĨᛏčĢ‡ãŽį”ŗã—čžŧãŋをした上で、13:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ2階202ãĢčĄŒãã€‚

Both option 1 and 2 mention "個åˆĨᛏčĢ‡ãŽį”ŗã—čžŧãŋをした上で" (After applying for individual consultation). The passage explicitly states "ᔺčžŧ不čρ" (no application needed) for Part 3.

čŗĒå•į”¨į´™ãĢčŗĒå•ã‚’č¨˜å…Ĩした上で、11:00ãĢ7åˇé¤¨ãŽ1階大čŦ›įžŠåޤãĢčĄŒãã€‚

11:00 is Part 2 (Joint Company Briefing), where questions are *not* taken directly ("čŗĒ問はįŦŦ3部で受ける").

Question 75

こぎã‚ģミナãƒŧãŽå‚åŠ č€…ã¯åŊ“æ—ĨおうしãĒければãĒらãĒいか。

1.åąĨ歴書をåŋ…ず持参しãĒければãĒらãĒい。
2.゚ãƒŧツをåŋ…ãšį€ãĻいかãĒければãĒらãĒい。 Correct
3.受けäģ˜ã§čŗĒå•į”¨į´™ã‚’åŋ…ずもらわãĒければãĒらãĒい。
4.すずãĻぎプログナムãĢåŋ…ず参加しãĒけらばãĒらãĒい。
Correct Answer: 2. ゚ãƒŧツをåŋ…ãšį€ãĻいかãĒければãĒらãĒい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The "æŗ¨æ„äē‹é …" (Important Notes) section states: "æœčŖ…ã¯ã‚šãƒŧãƒ„ã¨ã—ã€į­†č¨˜į”¨å…ˇã‚’æŒå‚ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã€‚" (Dress code is a suit, and bring writing tools.) This is a definite requirement. Option 2, "゚ãƒŧツをåŋ…ãšį€ãĻいかãĒければãĒらãĒい" (Must definitely wear a suit), directly matches this.

Why other options are incorrect:
åąĨ歴書をåŋ…ず持参しãĒければãĒらãĒい。

The passage says "åąĨæ­´æ›¸ãŽæ›¸ãæ–šæŒ‡å°Žã‚’å¸Œæœ›ã™ã‚‹č€…ã¯ã€č‡Ē分で書いたåąĨ歴書を持参すること" (Those wishing for resume writing guidance should bring their self-written resume). This is a condition for *optional* guidance, not a general requirement for all participants.

受けäģ˜ã§čŗĒå•į”¨į´™ã‚’åŋ…ずもらわãĒければãĒらãĒい。

The question form is for those who "個åˆĨぎčŗĒå•ã‚’å¸Œæœ›ã™ã‚‹č€…" (wish to ask individual questions), which is optional.

すずãĻぎプログナムãĢåŋ…ず参加しãĒけらばãĒらãĒい。

The "æŗ¨æ„äē‹é …" states "įŦŦ1部、įŦŦ2部では、途上å…Ĩå ´ãƒģ退場をしãĒいこと。" (No entering or exiting during Parts 1 and 2), implying that once you are in, you stay, but it doesn't say you *must* attend all parts. Part 3 is "個åˆĨᛏč̇" (individual consultation), which is optional.