JLPT Test N2 in 12/2012
ๅ้ก10 ๆฌกใฎ (1)ใใ(5)ใฎๆ็ซ ใ่ชญใใงใๅพใฎๅใใซๅฏพใใ็ญใใจใใฆๆใใใใใฎใใ1ใ2ใ3ใ 4ใใไธใค้ธใณใชใใใ
Reading Passage
ใ่ซ็็ใซๆธใใใฆใใๆ็ซ ใ่ชญใใงใใใจใใซใฏใๆธใใใๆ็ซ ใ่ชๅใ็่งฃใงใใใใฉใใใจใใใใจใซใจใฉใพใใใๆธใใใฆใใไธปๅผตใๆ นๆ (ๆณจ1) ใๆฌๅฝใซๅฆฅๅฝใ ใใใใ่ซ็็ใซ็ญใ้ใฃใฆใใ(ๆณจ 2) ใ ใใใใๅฅใฎ่ใๆนใฏใชใใ ใใใใจ่ใใฆ่ชญใใใจใใใจใฆใๅคงๅใงใใใใใใฆ่ชญใใใจใซใใฃใฆใๆธใใใฆใใๅ ๅฎนใซใคใใฆใฎ็่งฃใๆทฑใใ่ฆๆนใๅบใใใใจใใงใใพใใใใใฏๆนๅค็่ชญใฟใจใใฐใใใใฎใงใใ
ใ(็ง็ฐๅไปฃ็พใ่ชญใๅฟใปๆธใๅฟใผๆ็ซ ใฎๅฟ็ๅญฆๅ ฅ้ใใซใใ)
ใ(ๆณจ1) ๆ นๆ : ใใ่ใใฎใใจใซใชใใใฎ
ใ(ๆณจ2) ็ญใ้ใฃใฆใใ:็็พใใชใ
2) ไปฅไธใฏใใใๅธๅฝนๆใฎใใผใ ใใผใธใซๆฒ่ผใใใใ็ฅใใใงใใใ
2012ๅนด6ๆ24ๆฅ
็ฐๅข่ชฒ
ๅธๆฐๆฐด่ณช่ชฟๆปใไธใฎใ็ฅใใ
ๅฎไบๅธใงใฏใๆฏๅนดใ็พๅฎๅทใฎๆฐด่ณช่ชฟๆปใ่กใฃใฆใใใพใใ
ไปๅนดใฏใๅณถใฎๅใใฎ็ฐๅขใธใฎ็่งฃใๆทฑใใฆใใใ ใใใใๅธๆฐใฎ็ๆงใซใใๅๅ ใ ใใ ใใใใจ่ใใฆใใใพใใ
ๆฅๆ:2012ๅนด7ๆ28ๆฅ(ๅ) ๆ้ๅฐใ11ๆ่งฃๆฃ โป้จๅคฉไธญๆญข
้ๅๅ ดๆ:ๅฎไบๅธๅธๆฐใปใณใฟใผๅ
ๅ้ไบบๆฐ:20ๅ
ๅฝๆฅใฏใๅธใฎ่ชฟๆปๅกใจใจใใซ็พๅฎๅทใฎๆฐใๆใๅใใ่ชฟๆปใ่กใใพใใ
่ชฟๆป็ตๆใฏใๅพๆฅใใผใ ใใผใธไธใงๅ ฌ้ใใใใพใใใใผใ ใใผใธใซใฏใ่ชฟๆปใซใ ๅๅ ใใ ใใฃใ็ๆงใฎๆๆณใชใฉใๆฒ่ผใใใฆใใใ ใไบๅฎใงใใ
ๅๅ ็ณใ่พผใฟใฏใ7ๆ1ๆฅใใ้ป่ฉฑใพใใฏใใผใ ใใผใธไธใงๅใไปใใพใใ
3)
ไปฅไธใฏใใใไผ็คพใฎ็คพๅ ๆๆธใงใใใ
ๅนณๆ24ๅนด10ๆ1ๆฅ
็คพๅกๅไฝ
ใ็ทๅ่ชฒ้ท
่ณๆๅฎคใใใฎใ้กใ
่ณๆๅฎคใ้่จญใใใฆๅๅนดใ็ตใกใๅคใใฎๆนใซๅฉ็จใใใใใใซใชใใพใใใใใใใๅฉ็จ่ ใๅขใใใซใคใใๆผ้ฃๆใซใฏๆฌๆฅใฎ็ฎ็ไปฅๅคใงๅธญใๅฉ็จใใฆใใใ็ง่ชใๅคใ่ฟทๆใซใชใฃใฆใใใชใฉใจใใฃใใๆงใ ใช่ฆๆ ใ็ทๅ่ชฒใซๅฏใใใใฆใใพใใ
ใ็คพๅก็ใๆฐๆใกใใๅฉ็จใงใใใใใๅๅใใ้กใใใพใใ
4)
ใๆฌๆฅใ็ฐใชใ็จฎ้กใฎๅ ๆบ(ใใจใใฐๅคช้ฝๅ ใจ่ๅ ็ฏ)ใฎใใจใงใฏใๅใใคใใดใงใ็ฐใชใ่ฒใฎ่ฆใๆนใใใใใฏใใงใใใจใใใใ็งใใกใฏใตใ ใ็ๆดปใใฆใใไธญใงใใคใพใๅคช้ฝใฎๅ ใฎใใจใง่ฆใใจใใใคใใดใใฉใใช่ฒใใใฆใใใฎใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใพใใใใฎใใใๅ ๆบใฎ่ฒใๆใใใๅคช้ฝใฎ่ฒใจใฏๅคใใฃใฆใใใใฎๅคๅใใ็ งๆใฎใใจใง่ฆใใคใใดใฎ่ฒใใใใงใซ็ฅใฃใฆใใใคใใดใฎ่ฒใซ่ฟใฅใใฆ็ฅ่ฆ(ๆณจ)ใใฆใใพใใใจใใฃใใใจใ่ตทใใใพใใใใใ่ฒใฎๆๅธธๆงใจใใใพใใใๆ่ญใใใใจใชใ่กใใใฆใใใ่ฆ่ฆใฎใฟใใจใชไป็ตใฟใฎใฒใจใคใงใใ
ใ(่ฟๆฑๆบๅคช้็ฃไฟฎใ่ฒใฎๅๅใใซใใ)
ใ(ๆณจ)็ฅ่ฆใใ:ๆใๅใ
5)
ใไปไบบใซใใใใใใซใใใใใใจใฏใๅฎใฏๅคงๅคใใใใใใ่ชๅใใใใใใฃใฆใใชใใจ็ธๆใซใใใใใใใจใฏใงใใชใใใใ ใใไฝใใๅญฆใถใใฃใจใใใๆนๆณใฏใใใใใใใใฆใฟใใใจใ ใใใใใใฃใไบบใใใใใใพใใซ่ณ่จ (ๆณจ) ใ ใใใ ใจใใใฐใไธ่ฆ็่งฃใใใใใงใใฆๅฎใฏใพใ ใใใพใใใใฎใใฃใฆใใไธใผใใใชใจใใซใฏใไปไบบใซใใใใใใจใใใใจใซใใใ้ใซใ่ชๅใฎ็ฅ่ญใฎไธๅฎๅ จใใซ ๆฐใฅใใใใใ่ชๅใง่ใใชใใใฆใฟใใใจใๅๆฉใฅใใใใจใซใชใใ ใใใใใใฏใ็ฅ่ญใๅฎๅฎใใใใฎใซใใใฎใซๅฝน็ซใคใ
ใ(ๆณขๅค้่ฌนไฝๅคซใป็จฒๅฃไฝณไธๅญ ใ็ฅ็ๅฅฝๅฅๅฟใ ใซใใ)
ใ(ๆณจ) ่ณ่จใ ใใ:ใใใงใฏใใใฎ้ใใ ใใ
English Summary & Annotations
55. <u>ใใใใฆ่ชญใ</u>ใจใฏใใฉใฎใใใซ่ชญใใใจใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that 'reading in this way' (ใใใใฆ่ชญใใใจ) means not just understanding, but also considering if the claims and evidence are valid, if the logic is consistent, and if there are other ways of thinking. Option 2 directly reflects this by mentioning considering the logicality and validity of the content.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is too narrow; it's about evaluating the *given* claims, not just looking for unstated ones.
This is the *result* of critical reading, not the *method* itself.
This is part of it, but the passage emphasizes evaluating the *text's* validity, not just one's own understanding.
56ใใใฎใ็ฅใใใงๆใไผใใใใใจใฏไฝใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The announcement explicitly states, 'ไปๅนดใฏใๅณถใฎๅใใฎ็ฐๅขใธใฎ็่งฃใๆทฑใใฆใใใ ใใใใๅธๆฐใฎ็ๆงใซใใๅๅ ใ ใใ ใใใใจ่ใใฆใใใพใใ' (This year, in order to deepen understanding of the environment around the island, we would like citizens to participate.) This clearly indicates the main purpose is participation for environmental understanding.
Why other options are incorrect:
The focus is on participation and understanding, not learning methods for independent investigation.
It's about *participation* in the survey, not just observation, and the goal is environmental understanding, not just city hall activities.
While results will be published, this is a secondary outcome, not the primary purpose of the announcement, which is to recruit participants.
57ใใใฎๆๆธใๆธใใใไธ็ชใฎ็ฎ็ใฏไฝใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The document lists several complaints about inappropriate use (using seats for non-study purposes, excessive private conversations) and ends with a request for cooperation so everyone can use it comfortably. This clearly indicates the main purpose is to encourage proper usage.
Why other options are incorrect:
The problem is *overuse/misuse*, not underuse.
While lunchtime is mentioned, the core issue is *how* it's used, not strictly the hours.
It's a request for cooperation on proper use, not a solicitation for opinions.
58. <u>ใใงใซ็ฅใฃใฆใใใคใใดใฎ่ฒ</u>ใจใใใใใใใงใฏใฉใฎใใใช่ฒใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, '็งใใกใฏใตใ ใ็ๆดปใใฆใใไธญใงใใคใพใๅคช้ฝใฎๅ ใฎใใจใง่ฆใใจใใใคใใดใใฉใใช่ฒใใใฆใใใฎใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใพใใ' (In our daily lives, that is, when we see a strawberry under sunlight, we know what color it is.) This directly defines 'the color we already know' as the color seen under sunlight.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the color that *changes*, which our brain then adjusts.
While both are light sources, the 'already known' color is specifically linked to sunlight as the 'normal' condition.
This is one of the 'different lighting' conditions, not the 'already known' standard.
59. ใใฎๆ็ซ ใง็ญ่ ใฎ่จใใใใใจใฏไฝใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The core argument is that teaching reveals gaps in one's own understanding and motivates deeper learning, ultimately solidifying knowledge. This directly supports the idea that teaching benefits the teacher's own learning.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage is about *teaching* others, not being taught by them.
Again, the focus is on the act of teaching.
While teaching is difficult, the passage emphasizes the *benefit to one's own knowledge* from this difficulty, not just learning about the difficulty itself.
ๅ้ก11 ๆฌกใฎ (1)ใใ(3)ใฎๆ็ซ ใ่ชญใใงใๅพใฎๅใใซๅฏพใใ็ญใใจใใฆๆใใใใใฎใใ1ใ2ใ3ใ4ใใใผใค้ธใณใชใใใ
Reading Passage
ใๅพๆฅ(ๆณจ1)ใฎไผ่ญฐใงใฏใไธ็ชๅฐไฝใฎ้ซใไบบใ่ชๅ็ใซๅธไผใชใใ (ๆณจ2)่ญฐ้ทใฎๅฝนใใใๅพๅใใใฃใใ
ใใไธญ็ฅ)
ใใใใไผ่ญฐใใใใคใใใซใฏๅๅใชๆบๅใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใใใใใใซใใใชๆ้ใใใใฏใใฏใชใใใใใใฃใฆใ่ชๅใงๆบๅใใใฆไผ่ญฐใ้ๅถใใใใใใไปใฎไบบใซไปปใใ้ธๆใใในใใงใใใใใใใฏใใใพใใใใใใฎใใจใใใใใใฆใฏใใใชใใๅ จ้จใใใใใจใใใใจใฏใใในใฆใใใพใ้ในใชใใใจใซใคใชใใใใญใชใใใใใใใใ่ชๅใไธ็ชๆ ๅ ฑใใใฃใฆใใๅ ดๅใๅคใใฎใงใๆๅใฎๆฎต้ใงไปใฎ ๅบๅธญ่ ใซๅฟ ่ฆใชๆ ๅ ฑใไผใใ็พฉๅใฏใใใใพใใๆฑบๅฎใใใใใจใๅใๅ ฅใใใใใซใฏใ่ชๅใ็ฉๆฅต็ ใซๅๅ ใใฆ่จใในใใใจใฏ่จใฃใฆใใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใใใใใฎๅงฟๅขๆฌก็ฌฌใงใไปใฎๅบๅธญ่ ใฏ็ฉๆฅต็ใซๅๅ ใใใใจใใใใฐใๆฌ้ณ (ๆณจ3) ใ่จใใใซใใ ใใใซๅบงใฃใฆๅฑ ใใ ใใงใใใค (ๆณจ4) ไธๆบใๅฟใฎไธญใซใ ใพใ่พผใใงใใๅๅ ใฎไปๆนใซใชใฃใฆใใพใๅ ดๅใใใใใใฎๆๅณใงใใใใใฉใฎใใใซๅๅ ใใใใฏใ ไผ่ญฐใฎๆๅฆ (ๆณจ5) ใๆฑบใใๆฑบๅฎ็ใช (ๆณจ6) ่ฆๅ ใฎไธใคใงใใใ
ใใใจใฏใ้ฒ่กๅฝนใซไปปใใใใจใๅคงๅใงใๅบๆฌ็ใซใฏใใใใใฎๅญๅจๆใ่ใใปใฉไปใฎๅบๅธญ่ ใฏ็ฉๆฅต็ ใซๅๅ ใใใใใฎๆนใๆฎๆฎตใฏ่ใใชใใใใใใฎๆ่ฆใใขใคใใคใขใ่ใใใฃใณในใๅพใใใใใจใซใใชใใใไผ่ญฐใซๅๅ ใใฆๆฌๅฝใซใใใฃใใจ่ชฐใใๆใใใใใซใชใใฎใงใใใ
ใๅ็ฐๆฐไธ้ใไผ่ญฐใฎๆๆณใใซใใ)
ใ(ๆณจ1) ๅพๆฅ:ไปใพใง
ใ(ๆณจ2) ใชใใ : ใพใใฏ (ๆณจ3) ๆฌ้ณ:ๆฌๅฝใซๆใฃใฆใใใใจ
ใ(ๆณจ4) ใใค :ใใฎใใ
ใ(ๆณจ5) ๆๅฆ:ใใพใใใใใใใชใใ
ใ(ๆณจ6) ๆฑบๅฎ็ใช:ใใใงใฏใ้่ฆใช
2๏ผ
ใ1959ๅนดใฏๆฟใฌใฉใน่ฃฝ้ ใซใใใฆ่จๅฟตใในใๅนดใงใใใใใฎๅนดใใใ็ปๆ็(ๆณจ1)ใชๆฟใฌใฉใน่ฃฝ้ ๆณใฎๅฎ็จๅใซๆๅใใใใใฎ่ฃฝ้ ๆณใฎ็บๆใใๅฎ็จๅใพใงใฏใ่ฆ้ฃใฎ้ใงใใ7ๅนดใฎๅนดๆใใใใฃใใใใใฎๆนๆณใซใใฃใฆใ่กจ้ขใซ่ผใใใใใๅนณใใงใใใฟใฎใชใ(ๆณจ2)ๆฟใฌใฉในใ้ฃ็ถ็ใซไฝใณในใใงไฝใใใจใใงใใใใใซใชใฃใใฎใงใใใ
ใใใฌใฉในใ็ชใซไฝฟใใๅงใใใฎใฏไปใใ2,000ๅนดไปฅไธๅใฎใใจใงใๅๆใฎๆฟใฌใฉในใฏใๅๅใใๆณกใๅคใๅซใฟใ่กจ้ขใซๅทใใใใใใใ็ฒๆซใชๅ่ณชใฎใใฎใ ใฃใใ4ไธ็ดใใใซใชใใจใ่กจ้ขใซ่ผใใใใ่ใๆฟใฌใฉในใฎ่ฃฝ้ ๆณใ็บๆใใใใใไฝใใๆฟใฌใฉในใฎๅคงใใใซใฏ้ใใใใฃใใใใฎๅพใใใๅคงใใชๆฟใฌใฉในใฎ่ฃฝ้ ๆณใ็บๆใใใใใใใฎ่ฃฝ้ ๆณใซใใใฆใใใใฟใใชใใใใจใฏใงใใชใใฃใใใใใ ใใงใชใโ ๅพๆปใใใใฆใใพใฃใ็นใใใใๆบถใใใใฌใฉในใๆไฝๆฅญใงๅนณใใซใใใใใ่กจ้ขใซ่ผใใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใใ็ฃจใใใจใง่ผใใๅบใใใจใฏๅฏ่ฝใ ใฃใใใ็นๅฅใชๆ่กใๅฟ ่ฆใงใๆ้ใ่ฒป็จใใใใฃใใ
ใใใใฎใใใซใๆฟใฌใฉในใฎๆญดๅฒใ้ใใฆๅคใใฎ่ฃฝ้ ๆณใ็บๆใใใใใใใใใใฉใใใซๅ้ก็นใๆฑใใฆใใใใใใใไธๆฐใซ่งฃๆฑบใใใ้ซๅ่ณชใฎๆฟใฌใฉในใๅคง้็็ฃใใใใจใๅฏ่ฝใซใชใฃใใฎใ1959ๅนดใชใฎใงใใใ1960ๅนดไปฃใฎๆฅๆฌใฏ่ชๅ่ปใฎๆฎๅใ้ฒใฟใๅๆใซๅฎๅ จๆงใฎๅไธใๆฑใใใใฆใใๆๆใงใใใโกใใฎๆๅใใใฃใฆๅใใฆใใใใใฎ้่ฆใซใใใใใใจใๅฏ่ฝใ ใฃใใจ่จใใใ ใใใ
ใ(ๆณจ1)็ปๆ็:ไปใพใงใจๅคงใใ็ฐใชใใๆฐใใ
ใ(ๆณจ2)ใใใฟใฎใชใ:ใใใงใฏใๅธๅนใฎใชใ
3๏ผ
ใๆฐๅนดๅใๅฎถใๅผใฃ่ถใใใ50ๅนดไฝใฟๆ ฃใใๅฐใใชๅฎถใ ใฃใใใใใๅผใฃ่ถใใจใชใใจใไฝฟใฃใฆใใชใ้ๅ ทใใใใใๅบใฆใใฆใใใใใใฆใใฎใฎๅคใใซใณใฃใใใใใ้ๅ ทใซใใใๆฌใซใใใใใถใๅค้ใซๆๆใใฆใใฆใใใใไฝฟใใใชใ(ๆณจ1)ใ่ชญใฟใคใใ(ๆณจ2)ใซใฏๅค้ใฎๆ้ใใใใใใใจไฝๅนด็ใใใใใ ใใใจไบบ็ใ้็ฎใใฆใฟใฆใโ ใใฎ็ฉ้ใฏใ ใใ ใช?ใจๅผใฃ่ถใใฎใใฉใใฏใฎๅฉๆๅธญใง่ใใใ็งใฏไธ้ใฎไบบใใใฏใใฎใฎๆๆๆฌฒใๅผทใใจใฏๆใฃใฆใใชใใใใใใใฎใใใใชใใปใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใใใใงใใใฎใๅค้ใใใฎใงใใใ
ใๆใใ้ ใใใใฎใฎๆๆณใใจ่จใฃใไบบใใใใไบบใฏใผใคใใจ็ใพใใฆใใถใคใใจๆถใใฆใใใๅฎถใๅๅฐใ้ๅ ทใซใใฆใใใใใ่ชๅใฎๆๆใ ใจใซใใงใฟใฆใใๆญปใใงใใพใใฐใใฃใฆใใใชใใใใใใฏไธใฎไธญใซ่ฟใใฆใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใใใฎใใใใชไบบ็ใฎๆ้ใฎไธญใงใโกใใใๆฅฝใใใใใชใใฎใ ใ็ฉบๆฐใๆฐดใจๅใใใใซใๅๅฐใๅฎถใ้ๅ ทใใใใใใ่ซธ็ฉใฏไธใฎไธญใใ้ ใใฃใฆใ็ใใฆใใ้ใ ใๅใใฆใใใฎใ ใใจใใ่ใใ ใฃใใ
ใใใใใซใ็งใใกใฏใใฎใธใฎๆๆๆฌฒใๅผทใใ่ปใใใคใๅฎถใใใคใ้ซ็ดใใฉใณใๅใใใคใๆบๅธฏ้ป่ฉฑใใใคใใณใณใใฅใผใฟใผใใใคใๆๆใใใใจใงๆบ่ถณๆใๅพใฆใใใใใใใๆๆๆฌฒใใตใใใพใใใซใฏใใฉใใใง้็ใใใใ ใใใใ้ ใใใใฎใฎๆๆณใใฏใใใใใ็ฉๆฌฒใซใใใใ(ๆณจ3)็งใใกใซๅทๆฐดใใใใๆๆณใ ใฃใใ
ใ(้ๅคๆดปๅ็ ็ฉถไผใ็ฎใใใฆใญใณใฎๆฅๅธธ็ฉ่ฆณๅฏใผใผ็ก็จ็ฉใใ่ปข็จ็ฉใพใงใใซใใ)
ใ(ๆณจ1)ไฝฟใใใชใ:ใใใงใฏใใในใฆไฝฟใ
ใ(ๆณจ2)่ชญใฟใคใใใใในใฆ่ชญใใ
ใ(ๆณจ3)็ฉๆฌฒใซใใใใ:็ฉๆฌฒใๆใใใใชใใชใ
English Summary & Annotations
60ใไธ็ชๅฐไฝใฎ้ซใไบบใไผ่ญฐใง่ญฐ้ทๅฝนใใใใใจใซใคใใฆใ็ญ่ ใฏใฉใฎใใใซ่ใใฆใใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, 'ใใใไผ่ญฐใใใใคใใใซใฏๅๅใชๆบๅใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใใใใใใซใใใชๆ้ใใใใฏใใฏใชใใใใใใฃใฆใ่ชๅใงๆบๅใใใฆไผ่ญฐใ้ๅถใใใใใใไปใฎไบบใซไปปใใ้ธๆใใในใใงใใใ' (A 'good meeting' requires sufficient preparation. The top person wouldn't have that much time. Therefore, they should choose to delegate the meeting operation to others rather than preparing and running it themselves.) This clearly indicates that the top person should *not* be the chairperson for smooth operation.
Why other options are incorrect:
While delegation is suggested, the reason given is the top person's lack of time for preparation, not to give others experience.
The passage says they *should* convey information, but this doesn't mean they should be the chairperson. In fact, it suggests delegating the operation.
Having information is a reason to *share* it, not necessarily to *chair* the meeting. The passage explicitly advises against the top person doing too much.
61ใไผ่ญฐไธญใซใใใใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใใจใฏไฝใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, '่ชๅใไธ็ชๆ ๅ ฑใใใฃใฆใใๅ ดๅใๅคใใฎใงใๆๅใฎๆฎต้ใงไปใฎ ๅบๅธญ่ ใซๅฟ ่ฆใชๆ ๅ ฑใไผใใ็พฉๅใฏใใใใพใใๆฑบๅฎใใใใใจใๅใๅ ฅใใใใใซใฏใ่ชๅใ็ฉๆฅต็ ใซๅๅ ใใฆ่จใในใใใจใฏ่จใฃใฆใใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใ' (Since they often have the most information, they have an obligation to convey necessary information to other attendees at the initial stage. Also, to accept decisions, they must actively participate and express what needs to be said.) This combines conveying information and expressing their own views.
Why other options are incorrect:
While conveying information is important, the reason given is their obligation due to having the most information, and also to be able to accept decisions, not solely to prevent complaints.
The passage doesn't say they should propose *many* ideas, but rather express what needs to be said to accept decisions. The role of seeking opinions is more for the facilitator.
While the top person's presence should be less prominent for others to participate, they still have a duty to convey information and express their own views for decisions. Avoiding all speech is not what's suggested.
62ใใใใไปฅๅคใฎไผ่ญฐใฎๅบๅธญ่ ใๆฌๅฝใซใใใฃใใจๆใใใฎใฏใใฉใฎใใใชใจใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage concludes, 'ใใฎๆนใๆฎๆฎตใฏ่ใใชใใใใใใฎๆ่ฆใใขใคใใคใขใ่ใใใฃใณในใๅพใใใใใจใซใใชใใใไผ่ญฐใซๅๅ ใใฆๆฌๅฝใซใใใฃใใจ่ชฐใใๆใใใใใซใชใใฎใงใใใ' (That way, they get the chance to hear many opinions and ideas that they wouldn't normally hear, and everyone will feel that participating in the meeting was truly worthwhile.) This directly links the feeling of satisfaction to hearing diverse opinions.
Why other options are incorrect:
While a good facilitator helps, the ultimate satisfaction comes from the *outcome* of that ease of speaking, which is hearing diverse opinions.
The passage emphasizes hearing *many opinions and ideas*, not necessarily that *each person's* opinion was acknowledged.
The top person should express their views to accept decisions, not just silently accept. The key is their less prominent presence leading to more active participation from others.
63. โ <u>ๅพๆปใใใใฆใใพใฃใ็น</u>ใจใใใใใใใฏใฉใใช็นใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, 'ใใใ ใใงใชใโ <u>ๅพๆปใใใใฆใใพใฃใ็น</u>ใใใใๆบถใใใใฌใฉในใๆไฝๆฅญใงๅนณใใซใใใใใ่กจ้ขใซ่ผใใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใใ' (Not only that, there was also a point where they regressed. Because the molten glass was flattened by hand, the surface had no shine.) This directly identifies the loss of shine as the regression.
Why other options are incorrect:
This limitation was mentioned for the 4th-century method, *before* the regression point.
The 4th century method *invented* thin, shiny glass. The regression was about shine, not thickness.
Breakability is not mentioned as a regression point.
64๏ผโก<u>ใใฎๆๅ</u>ใฏไฝใๆใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence immediately preceding 'ใใฎๆๅ' states, 'ใใใใไธๆฐใซ่งฃๆฑบใใใ้ซๅ่ณชใฎๆฟใฌใฉในใๅคง้็็ฃใใใใจใๅฏ่ฝใซใชใฃใใฎใ1959ๅนดใชใฎใงใใใ' (All those problems were simultaneously resolved, and it was in 1959 that it became possible to mass-produce high-quality plate glass.) This directly defines 'this success.'
Why other options are incorrect:
While quality improved, the passage emphasizes *mass production* and meeting demand, not diversification of uses.
The popularization of automobiles *followed* the success, it wasn't the success itself. The success was the *ability* to mass-produce.
Safety is mentioned in relation to automobile demand, but the core success was the overall high-quality, low-cost, continuous production, not just safety.
65. 1959ๅนดใ่จๅฟตใในใๅนดใจใ็ญ่ ใ่ฟฐในใฆใใใฎใฏใชใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, 'ๆฟใฌใฉในใฎๆญดๅฒใ้ใใฆๅคใใฎ่ฃฝ้ ๆณใ็บๆใใใใใใใใใใฉใใใซๅ้ก็นใๆฑใใฆใใใใใใใไธๆฐใซ่งฃๆฑบใใใ้ซๅ่ณชใฎๆฟใฌใฉในใๅคง้็็ฃใใใใจใๅฏ่ฝใซใชใฃใใฎใ1959ๅนดใชใฎใงใใใ' (Throughout the history of plate glass, many manufacturing methods were invented, but all of them had some problems. It was in 1959 that all those problems were simultaneously resolved, making mass production of high-quality plate glass possible.) This clearly indicates that 1959 was monumental because it solved *all* previous problems.
Why other options are incorrect:
Glass was used for windows over 2000 years ago.
Polishing was mentioned as a costly, special technique for older methods, not the breakthrough of 1959.
Plate glass had been manufactured for millennia; 1959 was about solving *all* problems and achieving *high-quality mass production*, not the first success.
66. โ <u>ใใฎ็ฉ้ใฏใ ใใ ใช?</u>ใจใใใใ็ญ่ ใฏใชใใใ่ใใใฎใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author states, 'ใใใไฝฟใใใชใใ่ชญใฟใคใใใซใฏๅค้ใฎๆ้ใใใใใใใจไฝๅนด็ใใใใใ ใใใจไบบ็ใ้็ฎใใฆใฟใฆใโ <u>ใใฎ็ฉ้ใฏใ ใใ ใช?</u>ใจๅผใฃ่ถใใฎใใฉใใฏใฎๅฉๆๅธญใง่ใใใ' (It would take an enormous amount of time to use and read all of this. Calculating how many more years I might live, I thought, 'This amount of stuff is wasteful, isn't it?' in the passenger seat of the moving truck.) This directly links the wastefulness to the inability to use everything within their remaining lifespan.
Why other options are incorrect:
While this is a practical inconvenience of moving, the passage's focus on 'wasteful' is about the *use* of the items over a lifetime, not just the moving process.
Organizing is a consequence, but the core reason for 'wasteful' is the inability to fully utilize the items.
This is true, but the reason it's 'wasteful' is specifically tied to the *remaining lifespan* and the inability to use them all.
67. โก<u>ใใ</u>ใจใฏไฝใๆใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence before 'ใใ' says, 'ๅฎถใๅๅฐใ้ๅ ทใซใใฆใใใใใ่ชๅใฎๆๆใ ใจใซใใงใฟใฆใใๆญปใใงใใพใใฐใใฃใฆใใใชใใใใใใฏไธใฎไธญใซ่ฟใใฆใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใใใฎใใใใชไบบ็ใฎๆ้ใฎไธญใงใโก<u>ใใ</u>ใๆฅฝใใใใใชใใฎใ ใ' (Even houses, land, and tools, no matter how much one claims ownership, cannot be taken after death. Eventually, they must be returned to the world. Within this short span of life, one can only enjoy *them*.) 'Them' refers to the houses, land, and tools, which are examples of 'things one possesses.'
Why other options are incorrect:
The things are returned *to* the world, not enjoyed *as* the world.
This is the *concept* of the philosophy, not what is being enjoyed.
This is the *duration* during which things can be enjoyed, not the things themselves.
68. ใ้ ใใใใฎใฎๆๆณใใงใฏใใใฎใใฉใฎใใใซ่ใใฆใใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, '็ฉบๆฐใๆฐดใจๅใใใใซใๅๅฐใๅฎถใ้ๅ ทใใใใใใ่ซธ็ฉใฏไธใฎไธญใใ้ ใใฃใฆใ็ใใฆใใ้ใ ใๅใใฆใใใฎใ ใใจใใ่ใใ ใฃใใ' (Just like air and water, land, houses, tools, and all other things are borrowed from the world, and we only rent them for the duration of our lives, that was the idea.) This directly explains the core concept.
Why other options are incorrect:
It says they must be returned *eventually* (ใใใใฏ), implying after death, not necessarily during life.
The idea is that *we* disappear and cannot take them with us, not that the things themselves disappear.
While the philosophy implies a non-possessive attitude, it doesn't explicitly state that borrowing is *better* than owning in a practical sense, but rather that ownership is temporary.
ๅ้ก12 ๆฌกใฎ AใจBใฎๆ็ซ ใ่ชญใใงใๅพใฎๅใใซๅฏพใใ็ญใใจใใฆๆใใใใใฎใใ1ใ2ใ3ใ4ใใใผใค้ธใณใชใใใ
Reading Passage
ๆ ใฏ้ๆฅๅธธใฎไธ็ใธๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใจใงใใใ็ฎ็ๅฐใใฉใใซใใใใ้่ฆใใใ ใใจใๅคใใใใใใ็งใฏใใใ็ฎ็ๅฐใซ็ใใพใงใฎ้็จใๅคงๅใซใใใใจๆใฃใฆ ใใใใใฎ้็จใซใฏๆใใฌ็บ่ฆใ้ฉใใใใใ ใใใใ่จ็ปใใฆใใชใใฃใๅบๆฅไบ ใซๅบไผใใใใใใใชใใๅฐใไบๅฎใๅคใใฆๅฏใ้ใใใใใจใซใใฃใฆใ่ชๅใๆณ ๅใใฆใใไปฅไธใฎ็ด ๆดใใใๆ ใซใชใๅฏ่ฝๆงใๅบใฆใใใใใจใ็ฎ็ๅฐใงใฎๆปๅจๆ ้ใๅใใใฆใใใใใซ่กใใพใงใซๅบไผใๅถ็ถใๅคงๅใซใใใใจใใๆ ๅ จไฝใๆฅฝใ ใใใใใจใซใชใใจๆใใ
B
ไบค้ๆฉ้ขใ็บ้ใใใใจใงใไบบใ ใฎ็งปๅใงใใ็ฏๅฒใฏ็ขบๅฎใซๅบใใฃใฆใใใ็งปๅ ใซใใใๆ้ใใใฒใจๆๅใจใฏๆฏ่ผใงใใชใใปใฉ็ญ็ธฎใใใฆใใใ็งปๅใซใใใๆ ้ใ็ญใใชใฃใๅใ็ฎ็ๅฐใซใใฃใใๆปๅจใงใใใใใซใชใฃใใฎใฏๅนธใใงใใใๆ ใฎๆฅฝใใฟใฏใใถใใใจใฏ้ใไฝใใ่ฆไปใใใใจใงใใใใใ็ฎ็ๅฐใซๅฐใใงใ้ท ใใใใใจใใงใใใใใซใใใใใฎใ ใใใใใใใจใงใๆฅใ ใฎใใใใ ใใ็ ๆดปใๅฟใใฆใๅใณๆฅๅธธใซๆปใใจใใฎใใใฎใจใใซใฎใผใๅ ้ปใใใใจใใงใใใ
English Summary & Annotations
69. AใจBใฎใฉใกใใฎๆ็ซ ใซใ่งฆใใใใฆใใๅ ๅฎนใฏใฉใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Passage A states, 'ใใฎ้็จใซใฏๆใใฌ็บ่ฆใ้ฉใใใใใ ใใใ' (There will be unexpected discoveries and surprises in that process). Passage B states, 'ๆ ใฎๆฅฝใใฟใฏใใถใใใจใฏ้ใไฝใใ่ฆไปใใใใจใงใใใใ' (The joy of travel is finding something different from daily life). 'Something different' implies new discoveries. Thus, both passages touch upon new discoveries in travel.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is only mentioned in Passage B.
This is only explicitly mentioned in Passage B (recharging energy for returning to daily life).
This is mentioned in Passage A (as something often emphasized, but A's author values the process more), but not a core point in Passage B.
70 AใจBใใใใใๆ ใใใใจใใซๆใ้่ฆใใฆใใใใจใฏไฝใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Passage A states, '็งใฏใใใ็ฎ็ๅฐใซ็ใใพใงใฎ้็จใๅคงๅใซใใใใจๆใฃใฆ ใใใ' (I would rather value the process of reaching the destination.) Passage B states, '็ฎ็ๅฐใซๅฐใใงใ้ท ใใใใใจใใงใใใใใซใใใใใฎใ ใ' (I want to be able to stay at the destination as long as possible.) This option perfectly captures the main emphasis of each author.
Why other options are incorrect:
A explicitly states that the destination is *often* emphasized, but the author *prefers* the process. B mentions shortened travel time as a *result* of development, not its primary emphasis for travel enjoyment.
A emphasizes discoveries during the *process* of travel, not just the stay. B emphasizes staying longer at the destination to forget daily life and recharge, not necessarily choosing a place *to escape*.
A mentions changing plans and detours, implying flexibility, not strict planning. B mentions expanded travel range as a *result* of transportation development, not its primary emphasis for travel enjoyment.
ๅ้ก13 ๆฌกใฎๆ็ซ ใ่ชญใใงใๅพใฎๅใใซๅฏพใใ็ญใใจใใฆๆใใใใใฎใใ1 ใ2ใ3ใ4ใใใผใค้ธใณ ใชใใใ
Reading Passage
ใใจใใจ่ฝๅใจใ้ฉๆงใจใใใฎใฏใใจใฆใใคใใฟใฉใใใฎใชใใใฎใงใใใใพใ็ต้จใซใใใใใๅผใๅบใใใใ็ฃจใใใใใใฆใใใใฎใงใใ้ๅ้ขใฎ่ฝๅใ้ฉๆงใฏๆฏ่ผ็ใฏใฃใใ่กจ้ขใซใใใใใใใ็ด ่ณชใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใๅผทใใจๆใใใพใใใ็ฅ็ๅด้ขใ็คพไผ็ๅด้ขใฎ่ฝๅใ้ฉๆงใฏ่ชๅ่ช่บซใงใใชใใชใใใใใชใใใใพใ็ต้จใซใใฃใฆไผธใณใฆใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใๅๅใใใพใใ
ๅฎใฏใ่ฝๅใ้ฉๆงใใชใใจใใ่ชๅ่ฆณใใๅชๅใใไธๆญฉใ่ธใฟๅบใใใจใฎใงใใชใโก่ชๅใซๅฏพใใ่จใ่จณใจใใฆ็จใใใใฆใใ้ขใใใใพใใไปไบใใใพใใใใชใไบบใ่ชๅใซใฏใฉใใใใฎไปไบใฎ้ฉๆงใใชใใจๅใใใใไปใฎไปไบใๅใใฆใชใใจ่จใใคใค่ปข่ทใธใฎ่ฆๆใใงใใชใไบบใใ่ชๅใซใฏ่ฝๅใใชใใใใฉใใชไปไบใซๆฟใใฃใฆใใฉใใใใกใชใใ ใจ่ชๆ(ๆณจ1)ๆฐๅณใซ่จใฃใใใใใฎใใใ่ณใซใใพใใใใฎใใใช่จใๆนใใไปใฒใจใค้ ๅผตใใใใชใ่ชๅใใๆใใใฃใฆไปไบใๆฟใใฆใฟใๅๆฐใฎใชใ่ชๅใซๅฏพใใๅผ่งฃ(ๆณจ2)ใ ใฃใใใใใฎใงใใ
่ชๅใฏ่ฝๅใใชใใ้ฉๆงใใชใใ่ชๅใซใฏ็ก็ใ ใชใฉใจ่ฃ ็ธฎ(ๆณจ3)ใใฆใใไบบใฏใใใใฏๅๆใชๆใ่พผใฟใซใใใชใใฎใงใฏใชใใใๆๆฌฒใ่กๅๅใฎไนใใใซๅฏพใใๅผ่งฃใซใใใชใใฎใงใฏใชใใใใจ่ชใใซๅใใใใฆใฟใในใใงใใใใ่ฝๅใ้ฉๆงใจใใใฎใฏใๆจๆฅใพใงใชใใฃใใฎใซใๆฐๆใกใๅ ฅใๆฟใใใใใจใใฃใฆ็ช็ถ้ซใพใใชใฉใจใใใใจใฏ่ใใซใใใใฎใงใใใใใใๆๆฌฒใ่กๅๅใชใใๆฐๆใกใๅ ฅใๆฟใใใใจใง็ช็ถ้ซใพใใจใใใใจใฏๅๅใใใใใใจใงใใ
ใใใใซ(ๆณจ4)ใ่ชๅ่ช่บซใฎไธ้(ๆณจ5)ใช่ทๅ ด็ๆดปใๅ ๅฎๆใฎไนใใไปไบๅ ๅฎนใฎๅๅ ใใ่ฝๅใ้ฉๆงใฎไธ่ถณใงใชใๆๆฌฒใ่กๅๅใฎไธ่ถณใงใใใใจใๆใใใซใชใใฐใใใฉใใ่ชๅใซใฏ็ก็ใ ใใจใใฃใๅพใๅใใฎๅงฟๅขใใใใใใใ ใใใฃใฆใฟใใใใจใใฃใๅๅใใฎๅงฟๅขใซ่ปขใใใใจใใงใใใฏใใงใใ
ใ(ๆจกๆฌๅๆใ็คพไผไบบใฎใใใฎใๆฌๅฝใฎ่ชๅใใฅใใใใซใใ)
(ๆณจ1)่ชๅ:่ชๅใใคใพใใชใใใ ใใชไบบ้ใ ใจๆใใใจ
(ๆณจ2)ๅผ่งฃ:่จใ่จณ
(ๆณจ3)่ฑ็ธฎใใฆใใ:่ชไฟกใใชใใใฆๆถๆฅต็ใซใชใฃใฆใใ
(ๆณจ4)ใใใซ:ใ ใใ
(ๆณจ5)ไธ้ใช:ๆตใพใใชใ
English Summary & Annotations
71. โ <u>ใใใใใใจ</u>ใจใใใใใฉใใใใใจใใใใฎใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The first sentence states, '่ชๅใฎ่ฝๅใ้ฉๆงใจใๅฎ้ใซๅฐฑใใฆใใ่ทๆฅญใๅธๆใใ่ทๆฅญใใใใใฏ็ใๆนใๅฟ ่ฆใจใใ่ฝๅใ้ฉๆงใจใฎ้ใฎใฎใฃใใใซๆฉใใจใใใฎใฏใโ <u>ใใใใใใจ</u>ใงใใ' (It is a common occurrence to worry about the gap between one's own abilities and aptitudes and those required by one's current or desired profession, or way of life.) This directly describes the common occurrence.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is a related thought, but the core 'gap' is the mismatch, not just identifying what's needed.
The passage mentions it's hard to know one's own intellectual/social aptitudes, but the 'common occurrence' is specifically about the *gap* or mismatch.
The passage suggests they *can* be developed through experience, and the problem is often a lack of motivation, not inherent difficulty in development.
72. โก<u>่ชๅใซๅฏพใใ่จใ่จณ</u>ใฎไพใจใใฆใๆใ่ฟใใใฎใฏใฉใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage defines '่จใ่จณ' (excuse) as blaming a lack of ability/aptitude for not making an effort or taking action. Option 1 attributes a difficulty ('bad at speaking') to an inherent trait ('naturally quiet'), which is presented as an unchangeable 'ability/aptitude' (or lack thereof), thus serving as an excuse for not trying to improve.
Why other options are incorrect:
This blames an external factor (lack of schooling), not an inherent personal 'ability/aptitude' or lack of effort.
This blames a lack of opportunity, an external factor, not an inherent personal 'ability/aptitude.'.
This blames external advice, not an inherent personal 'ability/aptitude.'.
73.ใ็ญ่ ใใใฎๆ็ซ ใง่จใใใใใจใฏไฝใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage argues that while ability/aptitude is hard to change quickly, motivation and initiative can change suddenly with a change of heart. It concludes that realizing the problem is a lack of motivation/initiative, not ability/aptitude, can lead to a positive shift. This is the central message.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage explicitly states that abilities/aptitudes are *unlikely* to suddenly increase with a change of heart, but motivation/initiative can.
The passage advocates for changing one's mindset (from blaming lack of ability to focusing on motivation).
The passage suggests a *shift in attitude* and *trying*, not that everything will *automatically* go well. It's about overcoming the *excuse* of lacking ability.
ๅ้ก14 ๅณใฎใใผใธใฏใใใๅท่ตๅบซใฎๅๆฑ่ชฌๆๆธใฎไธ้จใงใใใไธใฎๅใใซๅฏพใใ็ญใใจใใฆๆใใใ ใใฎใใ1ใ2ใ3ใ4ใใไธใค้ธใณใชใใใ
74. ใธใงใผใธใใใฏใใฎๅท่ตๅบซใไฝฟใฃใฆใใใใๆ่ฟใไธญใฎ้ฃๅใใใพใๅทใใชใใใธใงใผใธใใใ็ขบ่ชใใๅฟ ่ฆใใชใใใจใฏใฉใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
When a refrigerator isn't cooling well, common troubleshooting steps involve checking the temperature setting, the amount of food inside (overfilling), and ensuring proper ventilation around the unit. While the ambient temperature of the room can affect the refrigerator's efficiency, it's not typically a direct 'check' that the user needs to perform to diagnose a sudden cooling issue, unlike the other options which relate to the refrigerator's internal state or immediate surroundings. The manual would guide users to check things they can control or easily observe.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is a common and necessary check when a refrigerator is not cooling well.
Overfilling the refrigerator can impede proper air circulation and cooling, so this needs to be checked.
Insufficient space around the refrigerator can cause it to overheat and reduce cooling efficiency, making this a necessary check.
75. ใใฎๅท่ตๅบซใฎไฝฟ็จไธญใซใใใซไฝฟใใฎใใใใฆ่ฒฉๅฃฒๅบใชใฉใซๆ ้ใใฉใใ่ชฟในใฆใใใฃใใปใใใใใฎใฏใๆฌกใฎใใกใฎใฉใใใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Refrigerator manuals typically list specific conditions that require immediate cessation of use and professional inspection due to safety concerns. These usually include electrical shocks, burning smells, abnormal heat, or *violent vibrations* (ๆฟใใๆฏๅใใ). While some noise is normal, 'violent vibration' suggests a severe mechanical issue that could be dangerous or lead to further damage.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an inconvenience, but not a safety hazard that requires immediate shutdown or indicates a major malfunction.
It is often normal for the sides of a refrigerator to feel warm or hot as heat is dissipated through them during operation.
Some noises (like compressor hum or defrosting sounds) are normal for refrigerators. 'Loud noise' is subjective and generally not a sign for immediate shutdown unless accompanied by other severe symptoms.