2012/07 JLPT N2 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
問題1___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
1. これは水をきれいにする<u>装置</u>です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
装置 (そうち) means 'device' or 'equipment'. The sentence means 'This is a device to purify water.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 装置.
This is an incorrect reading for 装置.
This is an incorrect reading for 装置.
2. この店の客は女性が80%を<u>占める</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
占める (しめる) means 'to occupy' or 'to account for'. The sentence means 'Women account for 80% of the customers at this store.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 詰める, which means 'to pack' or 'to stuff'.
This is the reading for 攻める (to attack) or 責める (to blame).
This is the reading for 埋める, which means 'to bury' or 'to fill'.
3. 間違って、大事なメールを<u>削除</u>してしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
削除 (さくじょ) means 'deletion' or 'to delete'. The sentence means 'I accidentally deleted an important email.' Note: The option 'さくじよ' is a common way to represent 'さくじょ' in some contexts, but the correct hiragana is 'さくじょ'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 削除.
This is the reading for 少女, meaning 'girl'.
This is an incorrect reading for 削除.
4. 今回の国際会議では人口問題が議論の<u>焦点</u>になった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
焦点 (しょうてん) means 'focus' or 'focal point'. The sentence means 'At this international conference, the population problem became the focus of discussion.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 終点, meaning 'last stop' or 'terminus'.
This is an incorrect reading for 焦点.
This is the reading for 重点, meaning 'important point' or 'emphasis'.
5. 最近は、「就職活動」を<u>略して</u>「就活」と言うことがある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
略して (りゃくして) is the te-form of 略す, meaning 'to abbreviate' or 'to shorten'. The sentence means 'Recently, "job hunting" is sometimes abbreviated as "shukatsu".'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 訳して (to translate) or 焼くして (to burn).
This is the reading for 隠して (to hide) or 書くして (to write).
This is an incorrect reading.
問題2_の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
6. 先生の一言が、私をこの研究に<u>みちびいて</u>くれた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
導いて (みちびいて) is the te-form of 導く, meaning 'to guide' or 'to lead'. The sentence means 'The teacher's words guided me to this research.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the te-form of 招く (maneku), meaning 'to invite'.
This is the te-form of 誘う (sasou), meaning 'to invite' or 'to tempt'.
This is the te-form of 伴う (tomonaou), meaning 'to accompany'.
7. こわれやすいので、丁寧に<u>あつかって</u>ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
扱って (あつかって) is the te-form of 扱う, meaning 'to handle' or 'to treat'. The sentence means 'It's fragile, so please handle it carefully.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the te-form of 拠る (yoru), meaning 'to be based on'.
This is the te-form of 吸う (suu), meaning 'to inhale' or 'to suck'.
This is the te-form of 処す (shosu), meaning 'to deal with' or 'to punish'.
8. ゼミには<u>せっきょくてき</u>に参加してほしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
積極的 (せっきょくてき) means 'positive' or 'active'. The sentence means 'I want you to actively participate in the seminar.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect kanji combination.
This is an incorrect kanji combination.
This is an incorrect kanji combination.
9. 最初のうちは<u>ていこう</u>を感じていたが、いつの間にか慣れてしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
抵抗 (ていこう) means 'resistance' or 'opposition'. The sentence means 'At first, I felt resistance, but before I knew it, I got used to it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect kanji combination.
This is an incorrect kanji combination.
This is an incorrect kanji combination.
10. 昨日から<u>かた</u>が痛いんです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
肩 (かた) means 'shoulder'. The sentence means 'My shoulder has been hurting since yesterday.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the kanji for 腰 (koshi), meaning 'waist' or 'lower back'.
This is the kanji for 腹 (hara), meaning 'stomach' or 'abdomen'.
This is the kanji for 背 (se), meaning 'back'.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
11. その事件の犯人は、ビジネスマン ( ) の男だったらしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ビジネスマン風 (ビジネスマンふう) means 'businessman-like' or 'in the style of a businessman'. It describes the appearance or manner. The sentence means 'The culprit of that incident seemed to be a man who looked like a businessman.'
Why other options are incorrect:
状 (jou) is used in words like 状態 (joutai: state, condition) but does not combine with ビジネスマン in this context.
式 (shiki) is used in words like 方式 (houshiki: method, system) but does not combine with ビジネスマン in this context.
流 (ryuu) is used in words like 流行 (ryuukou: trend) or 独自流 (dokujiryuu: one's own style). While it relates to style, 風 (fuu) is more appropriate for describing appearance/manner.
12. 今はまだ( )採用だが、いずれ本採用になるはずだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
仮採用 (かりさいよう) means 'provisional employment' or 'temporary employment'. The sentence means 'Currently, it's provisional employment, but eventually, it should become permanent employment.'
Why other options are incorrect:
副 (fuku) means 'sub-' or 'assistant'. 副採用 is not a common term.
短 (tan) means 'short'. 短採用 is not a common term.
半 (han) means 'half'. 半採用 is not a common term.
13. ここは国際( )の豊かな都市として知られている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
国際色 (こくさいしょく) means 'international flavor' or 'international character'. The sentence means 'This place is known as a city rich in international flavor.'
Why other options are incorrect:
質 (shitsu) means 'quality'. 国際質 is not a common term.
香 (kaori) means 'fragrance'. 国際香 is not a common term.
気 (ki) means 'spirit' or 'atmosphere'. 国際気 is not a common term.
14. レポートの課題で、( )外国の教育事情を調べて、違いを表にまとめ た
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
諸外国 (しょがいこく) means 'various foreign countries'. 諸 (sho) is a prefix meaning 'various' or 'many'. The sentence means 'For the report assignment, I researched the educational situations in various foreign countries and summarized the differences in a table.'
Why other options are incorrect:
数 (kazu) means 'number'. 数外国 is not a common term.
多 (ta) means 'many'. 多外国 is not a common term.
総 (sou) means 'all' or 'whole'. 総外国 is not a common term.
15. A社は、( ) 価格の商品で市場の拡大を狙っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
低価格 (ていかかく) means 'low price'. The sentence means 'Company A aims to expand its market with low-priced products.'
Why other options are incorrect:
安 (yasu) means 'cheap'. While similar in meaning, 低価格 is the standard compound for 'low price'. 安価格 is not standard.
少 (shou) means 'few' or 'little'. 少価格 is not a common term.
下 (shita) means 'under' or 'lower'. 下価格 is not a common term.
問題4 ( ) に入れるのに最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
16. 子どもが遊んだあとは、おもちやが ( ) いる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
散らかっている (ちらかっている) means 'to be scattered' or 'to be messy'. The sentence means 'After the children played, the toys were scattered around.'
Why other options are incorrect:
飛び起きる (tobiokiru) means 'to jump up'. This does not fit the context of toys.
見渡す (miwatasu) means 'to look out over' or 'to survey'. This does not fit the context of toys.
落ち込む (ochikomu) means 'to feel down' or 'to fall into'. This does not fit the context of toys.
17. 田中選手はサッカーの日本代表に選ばれたが、けがを理由に代表を( )した
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
辞退 (じたい) means 'to decline' or 'to refuse'. The sentence means 'Player Tanaka was selected for the Japanese national soccer team, but he declined the position due to injury.'
Why other options are incorrect:
避難 (hinan) means 'evacuation' or 'taking refuge'.
逃避 (touhi) means 'escape' or 'evasion'.
退場 (taijou) means 'exit' or 'leaving the stage/field'.
18. 今回の調査で ( ) 結果は、今後のサービス向上に生かしていきたい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
得た (eta) is the past tense of 得る (eru), meaning 'to obtain' or 'to gain'. The sentence means 'We want to utilize the results obtained from this survey for future service improvement.'
Why other options are incorrect:
にぎった (nigitta) is the past tense of 握る, meaning 'to grasp' or 'to hold'.
はさんだ (hasanda) is the past tense of 挟む, meaning 'to hold between' or 'to sandwich'.
込めた (kometa) is the past tense of 込める, meaning 'to put into' or 'to include'.
19. 大きな荷物を( )いたので、携帯電話に出られなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
抱えて (かかえて) is the te-form of 抱える (kakaeru), meaning 'to hold in one's arms' or 'to carry (a heavy burden)'. It implies holding something large or heavy with both arms. The sentence means 'I was carrying a large amount of luggage, so I couldn't answer my cell phone.'
Why other options are incorrect:
だいて (daite) is the te-form of 抱く (daku), meaning 'to hold' or 'to embrace'. While similar, 抱く is often used for holding a person or something close to the chest, or for lighter objects. For "large luggage," 抱える is more natural.
いだいて (idaite) is another reading for 抱いて (daku), with the same meaning as だいて.
だきしめて (dakishimete) is the te-form of 抱きしめる (dakishimeru), meaning 'to hug tightly'. This is too strong for luggage.
20. 法律が( )されて、申請方法が以前とは大幅に変わりました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
改正 (かいせい) means 'amendment' or 'revision' (of laws, rules, etc.). The sentence means 'The law was amended, and the application method has significantly changed from before.'
Why other options are incorrect:
改造 (kaizou) means 'remodeling' or 'reconstruction' (often for machines, buildings).
転換 (tenkan) means 'conversion' or 'switchover'.
交換 (koukan) means 'exchange' or 'replacement'.
21. 読書( ) なっていて、友達との約束の時間を忘れていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
夢中 (むちゅう) means 'engrossed' or 'absorbed'. 夢中になって (muchuu ni natte) means 'to become engrossed in'. The sentence means 'I was so engrossed in reading that I forgot the time of my appointment with my friend.'
Why other options are incorrect:
好調に (kouchou ni) means 'favorably' or 'smoothly'. This does not fit the context of forgetting time due to being absorbed.
頑固に (ganko ni) means 'stubbornly'. This does not fit the context.
強引に (gouinn ni) means 'forcibly' or 'aggressively'. This does not fit the context.
22. 目が覚めたが、まだ時間が早かったので、しばらくベッドで( )していた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ごろごろ (gorogoro) is an onomatopoeia meaning 'to lie around idly' or 'to lounge around'. The sentence means 'I woke up, but it was still early, so I lounged around in bed for a while.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ぶらぶら (burabura) means 'aimlessly' or 'idly', often used for walking around.
ゆらゆら (yurayura) means 'swaying' or 'wobbling'.
うろうろ (urouro) means 'wandering aimlessly' or 'prowling'.
問題5__の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
23. この問題は、<u>ただちに</u>部長に報告しなければならない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ただちに (tadachi ni) means 'immediately' or 'at once'. すぐに (sugu ni) is its closest synonym. The sentence means 'This problem must be reported to the department manager immediately.' Note: 'ずぐに' is a typo for 'すぐに'.
Why other options are incorrect:
あとで (atode) means 'later'.
This is likely a typo for くわしく (kuwashiku), meaning 'in detail'.
きちんと (kichinto) means 'properly' or 'neatly'.
24. 隣の部屋がら<u>奇妙</u>な音が聞こえる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
奇妙 (きみょう) means 'strange' or 'odd'. 変な (hen na) is its closest synonym. The sentence means 'A strange sound can be heard from the next room.'
Why other options are incorrect:
にぎやかな (nigiyaka na) means 'lively' or 'bustling'.
大きな (ookina) means 'big' or 'loud'.
嫌な (iya na) means 'unpleasant' or 'disagreeable'.
25. 明日までに、この資料を<u>仕上げて</u>おいてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
仕上げる (しあげる) means 'to finish' or 'to complete'. 完成させる (かんせいさせる) means 'to make complete' or 'to finish'. The sentence means 'Please finish this document by tomorrow.'
Why other options are incorrect:
出して (dashite) is the te-form of 出す (dasu), meaning 'to submit' or 'to take out'.
直して (naoshite) is the te-form of 直す (naosu), meaning 'to correct' or 'to fix'.
移動させて (idousasete) is the te-form of 移動させる (idousaseru), meaning 'to move'.
26. <u>日中</u>はアルバイトに行っています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
日中 (にっちゅう) means 'daytime'. 昼間 (ひるま) is its closest synonym. The sentence means 'I go to my part-time job during the daytime.'
Why other options are incorrect:
平日 (heijitsu) means 'weekday'.
体日 (taijitsu) is not a standard Japanese word.
夜間 (yakan) means 'nighttime'.
27. このタオルとシャツは<u>しめっている</u>ね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
湿っている (しめっている) means 'to be damp' or 'to be wet'. Therefore, 'not yet dry' (まだ乾いていない) is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'This towel and shirt are damp, aren't they?'
Why other options are incorrect:
まだきれいになっていない (mada kirei ni natte inai) means 'not yet clean'.
もうきれいになっている (mou kirei ni natte iru) means 'already clean'.
もう乾いている (mou kawaite iru) means 'already dry'.
問題6 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい
28. とぼしい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
乏しい (とぼしい) means 'scarce', 'meager', or 'lacking'. Option 2, "この国は天然資源に乏しい" (This country is poor in natural resources), correctly uses 乏しい to mean 'lacking' or 'scarce'.
Why other options are incorrect:
Incorrect usage. For taste, 薄い (usui: thin, weak) or 足りない (tarinai: not enough) would be used.
Incorrect usage. For volume, 小さい (chiisai: small) or 足りない (tarinai: not enough) would be used.
Incorrect usage. For demand, 少ない (sukunai: few, little) or 低い (hikui: low) would be used.
29. 矛盾
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
矛盾 (むじゅん) means 'contradiction' or 'inconsistency'. Option 3, "あの人の言ったことは、この前の話と矛盾している" (What that person said contradicts their previous statement), correctly uses 矛盾 to describe an inconsistency between statements.
Why other options are incorrect:
Incorrect usage. For disagreeing with a decision, 反対している (hantai shite iru: opposing) or 従わない (shitagawanai: not obeying) would be used.
This option contains a typo (矛活 should be 矛盾). Even if corrected, it's incorrect usage. 夏と冬が逆 (natsu to fuyu ga gyaku: summer and winter are opposite) would be used.
Incorrect usage. While it might seem contradictory, 矛盾 is too strong. 意外だ (igai da: surprising) or ギャップがある (gyappu ga aru: there's a gap) would be more appropriate.
30. 問い合わせる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
問い合わせる (といあわせる) means 'to inquire' or 'to make an inquiry'. Option 1, "ご質問はこの電話番号にお問い合わせください" (For questions, please inquire at this phone number), correctly uses 問い合わせる in the context of seeking information.
Why other options are incorrect:
Incorrect usage. For asking for directions, 道を尋ねられた (michi o tazunerareta: was asked for directions) would be used.
Incorrect usage. For inviting someone, 誘った (sasotta: invited) would be used.
This option contains a typo (間い合わせよう should be 問い合わせよう). Even if corrected, 辞書で調べる (jisho de shiraberu: look up in a dictionary) is more natural.
31. 交代
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
交代 (こうたい) means 'to take turns' or 'to relieve (someone)'. Option 2, "少し疲れたので、友達に運転を交代してもらった" (I was a little tired, so I had my friend take over the driving), correctly uses 交代 for switching roles or duties.
Why other options are incorrect:
Incorrect usage. For replacing a battery, 交換した (koukan shita: replaced) would be used.
Incorrect usage. For changing an appointment time, 変更してもらった (henkou shite moratta: had it changed) would be used.
Incorrect usage. For changing jobs, 転職した (tenshoku shita: changed jobs) or 移った (utsutta: moved to) would be used.
32. 合同
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
合同 (ごうどう) means 'joint', 'combined', or 'amalgamated'. Option 1, "複数の大学が合同でスポーツ大会を行った" (Multiple universities jointly held a sports competition), correctly uses 合同 to describe a combined effort.
Why other options are incorrect:
Incorrect usage. For collective effort, 協力 (kyouryoku: cooperation) or みんなで (minna de: by everyone) would be used.
Incorrect usage. For merging cities, 合併 (gappei: merger) would be used.
Incorrect usage. For sharing facilities, 共同で (kyoudou de: jointly) or みんなで (minna de: by everyone) would be used.
問題7 次の文の ( ) に入れるのに最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選 びなさい。
33. 小川「ねえ、山田さん。昨日の夜、オリンビッグ中継見た?」 山田 「ううん。昨日は残業で疲れちゃって。だから、タ飯 ( ) 食べないで 寝ちやったんだ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The particle も (mo) here emphasizes that not even dinner was eaten, indicating the extent of fatigue. The sentence means 'I was so tired from overtime yesterday that I went to bed without even eating dinner.'
Why other options are incorrect:
が (ga) is a subject marker and does not fit the nuance of 'not even'.
とは (to wa) is used for emphasis or surprise, but it does not fit the context of 'not even'.
にまで (ni made) indicates extent or limit, but '夕飯にまで食べないで' is grammatically unnatural in this context.
34. (広告で) 川西ピアノ教室では、初心者、経験者 ( )、どなたにでも丁寧に指導します。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~を問わず (o towazu) means 'regardless of' or 'irrespective of'. The sentence means 'At Kawanishi Piano Class, we provide careful instruction to anyone, regardless of whether they are a beginner or experienced.'
Why other options are incorrect:
を通して (o tooshite) means 'through' or 'via'. It does not fit the meaning of 'regardless of'.
にかけて (ni kakete) means 'from...to...' or 'concerning'. It does not fit the context.
にもかかわらず (ni mo kakawarazu) means 'despite' or 'although'. It does not fit the context.
35. 今日、子どもをきつくしかりすぎたので、気をつけようと思う。( )、 本人はそれほど気にしていないかもしれないが。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
もっとも (mottomo) means 'however' or 'although', used to add a condition or a counter-argument. The sentence means 'Today, I scolded my child too harshly, so I'll try to be careful. However, the child himself might not be that bothered.'
Why other options are incorrect:
そのかわり (sono kawari) means 'instead' or 'in return'.
それなら (sore nara) means 'if that's the case'.
しかも (shikamo) means 'moreover' or 'furthermore'.
36. 娘「なぞなぞです。お父さんが嫌いな果物は何でしょう。」 父「ううん、なんだろう。あ、そうか、( )。パパイヤだ。パパが嫌な果物ってことだよね。」 娘「正解です。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
わかった (wakatta) means 'I got it' or 'I understand'. It's a natural expression when someone figures out a riddle, especially one based on a pun like 'パパイヤ' (papaya) sounding like 'パパ嫌' (papa iya: Papa dislikes).
Why other options are incorrect:
わかったのに (wakatta noni) means 'even though I understood', implying a contradiction or unexpected outcome.
わかってた (wakatteta) means 'I knew it (all along)', implying prior knowledge rather than a sudden realization.
わかってね (wakatte ne) is a request meaning 'understand, won't you?' or 'please understand'.
37. この小説を読んで、友のためなら、自分はどうなったって ( ) という 主人公の熱い思いに感動した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~てもかまわない (te mo kamawanai) means 'it doesn't matter if...' or 'I don't mind if...'. The phrase 自分はどうなったってかまわない means 'I don't care what happens to me'. The sentence means 'Reading this novel, I was moved by the protagonist's passionate feeling that he didn't care what happened to himself if it was for his friend.'
Why other options are incorrect:
たまらない (tamaranai) means 'unbearable' or 'can't stand it'.
わけがない (wake ga nai) means 'there's no way' or 'it's impossible'.
ならない (naranai) means 'must not' or 'cannot become'.
38. わたしたちが旅館に着くと、従業員たちが笑顔で「ようこそ ( )。」 とあいさつしてくれた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
お越しくださいました (okoshi kudasaimashita) is a highly polite expression meaning 'Thank you for coming' or 'Welcome'. It's a respectful way to greet guests.
Why other options are incorrect:
お伺いしました (oukagai shimashita) is a humble expression meaning 'I visited' or 'I asked'. It is used by the speaker about their own actions.
お呼びいただきました (oyobi itadakimashita) is a humble expression meaning 'You called me'. It is used by the speaker about being called.
お迎えしました (omukae shimashita) is a humble expression meaning 'I welcomed/met you'. It is used by the speaker about their own actions.
39. A 「次の登山、大山に登るのはどう? 」 B 「大山は3年前に一度( )から、ほかの山がいいなあ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
登っている (nobotte iru) indicates a state of having climbed and completed the action. The sentence means 'Mount Oyama, I've already climbed it once three years ago, so I'd prefer another mountain.' Note: The option '登ってい る' has an extra space, but it represents '登っている'.
Why other options are incorrect:
登ってみる (nobotte miru) means 'to try climbing'. It implies a new experience.
登ってくる (nobotte kuru) means 'to come climbing up' or 'to have climbed up (and returned)'. It doesn't fit the context of having already climbed it and wanting a different mountain.
登っていく (nobotte iku) means 'to go climbing up'. It implies an action continuing into the future or moving away.
40. 日本の人気バンド「z」は、ヨーロッパでコンサートを行うなど、活動を世界 ( )広げている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~へと (e to) emphasizes the direction or destination of an action, often implying a progression or expansion. The sentence means 'Japan's popular band "Z" is expanding its activities worldwide, such as holding concerts in Europe.'
Why other options are incorrect:
でと (de to) is not a standard grammatical pattern.
からも (kara mo) means 'even from'. It does not fit the meaning of expanding *to* somewhere.
ほども (hodo mo) means 'as much as' or 'even to the extent of'. It does not fit the context.
41. パソコン教室の講師に ( ) 、人に教えるのは難しいけど楽しいということがわかりました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~になったおかげで (ni natta okage de) means 'thanks to becoming...' or 'as a result of becoming...'. It expresses a positive outcome due to a change in state. The sentence means 'Thanks to becoming a computer class instructor, I realized that teaching people is difficult but fun.'
Why other options are incorrect:
なったかぎり (natta kagiri) means 'as long as I became'. It does not fit the meaning of a result.
したかぎり (shita kagiri) means 'as long as I did'. 'した' (did) is not the right verb for 'becoming' an instructor.
したおかげで (shita okage de) means 'thanks to doing'. While 'おかげで' is correct, 'した' (did) is not the right verb for 'becoming' an instructor. 'なった' (became) is needed.
42. だれだって、失敗もするし、( ) やれないときもある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
やらなくてはいけないこと (yaranakute wa ikenai koto) means 'things that must be done'. The sentence means 'Everyone makes mistakes, and there are times when they can't do what they're supposed to do.'
Why other options are incorrect:
やるなと言われたことが (yaru na to iwareta koto ga) means 'things they were told not to do', which is the opposite meaning.
やるなと言われたのは (yaru na to iwareta no wa) means 'it's that they were told not to do'. While grammatically possible, it is semantically incorrect in this context.
やらなくてはならないのは (yaranakute wa naranai no wa) means 'it's that they must do'. While 'yaranakute wa naranai' is similar to 'yaranakute wa ikenai', the 'は' (wa) particle here makes it sound like a topic shift, which doesn't fit the flow of the sentence as a list of things that happen. The 'が' (ga) in option 3 connects it as the subject of 'やれない'.
43. 内容がわからない話を長時間( )、大人だって耐えられないことでしょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
聞かなければならないとしたら (kikanakereba naranai to shitara) means 'if one has to listen'. This conditional phrase fits the hypothetical situation. The sentence means 'If one has to listen to a story they don't understand for a long time, even adults probably can't endure it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
聞かなくていいとしたら (kikanakute ii to shitara) means 'if one doesn't have to listen', which is the opposite meaning.
聞かなければならないこと で (kikanakereba naranai koto de) means 'by having to listen'. It is grammatically awkward and does not convey the hypothetical 'if'.
This option contains a typo (間かなくて should be 聞かなくて). Even if corrected, 'by not having to listen' is the opposite meaning.
44. (本屋で) A 「あ、この本、面白いよ。」 B 「どんな話?」 A 「主人公と恋人が、親に無理やり( )話なんだけど、すごくどきどきするんだ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
別れさせられそうになる (wakaresaserare sou ni naru) is a complex grammatical structure: 別れる (to break up) → 別れさせる (causative: to make someone break up) → 別れさせられる (passive of causative: to be made to break up) → 別れさせられそうになる (to be about to be made to break up). The sentence means 'It's a story where the protagonist and their lover are about to be forcibly made to break up by their parents, and it's very thrilling.'
Why other options are incorrect:
別れそうになる (wakaresou ni naru) means 'to be about to break up'. This implies they are breaking up on their own, not forced by parents.
別れられそうになる (wakarerare sou ni naru) means 'to be about to be able to break up' (passive potential) or 'to be about to be broken up with' (passive). It doesn't convey the 'forced by parents' nuance.
別れさせそうになる (wakaresase sou ni naru) means 'to be about to make someone break up'. This implies the protagonist/lover is forcing someone else to break up, which is incorrect.
問題8 次の文の _*_ に入る最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
45. 「わたし、辛いものを食べると、___ ___ _★_ ___ せきが出るんです。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct phrase is 必ずと言っていいほど (kanarazu to itte ii hodo), which means 'almost always' or 'to the extent that one can say it's always'. The full sentence is 「わたし、辛いものを食べると、必ずと言っていいほどせきが出るんです。」 meaning 'When I eat spicy food, I almost always cough.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
46. (学校の正門で) A「みんないますか。」 B「田中さんがいません。」 A 「授業のあと ___ ___ _★_ ___ のかな。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct phrase is ここで待ち合わせて一緒に行くことになっていたのに一人で行っちゃった (koko de machiawasete issho ni iku koto ni natte ita noni hitori de icchatta). The phrase ~ことになっていたのに (koto ni natte ita noni) means 'even though it was decided that...'. It expresses a contradiction between a prior arrangement and what actually happened. The full sentence means 'We were supposed to meet here after class and go together, but did Tanaka-san go alone?'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
47. A 「あ、今から行く博物館、一週間前に予約してないと入れないってガイドブックに書いてあるよ。」 B 「え、そうなの?困ったなあ。」 A 「行く___ ___ _★_ ___ みようか。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct phrase is 行くだけ行って入れてもらえないか交渉してみようか (iku dake itte irete moraenai ka koushou shite miyou ka). The phrase ~てもらえないか交渉してみようか (te moraenai ka koushou shite miyou ka) means 'Shall we try negotiating to see if we can get them to let us in?'. It's a suggestion to try to get permission. The full conversation means 'Oh, the guidebook says we can't enter the museum we're going to unless we make a reservation a week in advance.' 'Oh, really? That's a problem.' 'Shall we just go and try to negotiate to see if they'll let us in?'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
48. (電話で) A 「すみません、来週の2時からの会議ですが、その時間、別の用件が入ってしまいまして・・・。もしそちらのご部合が___ ___ _★_ ___ 、いかがでしよ うか。」 B 「こちらは大丈夫ですよ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct phrase is もしそちらのご都合がよろしければ4時以降に変更していただけるとありがたいんですが (moshi sochira no gotsugou ga yoroshikereba yoji ikou ni henkou shite itadakeru to arigatai n desu ga). The phrase 変更していただけるとありがたいんですが (henkou shite itadakeru to arigatai n desu ga) means 'it would be grateful if you could change it'. This is a polite request. The full conversation means 'Excuse me, regarding next week's 2 PM meeting, I have another engagement at that time... If it's convenient for you, I would be grateful if you could change it to after 4 PM, how about that?' 'That's fine with us.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
49. このコンサートの警備には、警備員___ ___ _★_ ___ 十分です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct phrase is 警備員が20人もいれば (keibiin ga 20-nin mo ireba). The particle も (mo) emphasizes the quantity, suggesting that 'as many as 20 people' are sufficient. The full sentence means 'For the security of this concert, 20 security guards are enough.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but cannot stand alone in the star position.
問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、50 から 54 の中に 入る最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
飲食店には、夜だけでなく昼も営業して、ランチメニューを出しているところも 多い。このランチメニュー、たいていは夜に比べると手ごろな価格に設定されて いる【50】、液はパスタだけで1200円ぐらいする店でも昼はバスタにスープ とサラダがついて980円といったものや、夜はコース料理が5.ooo円以上する店で も昼は1,000円前後になるといったものだ。
この昼と夜の価格差は一体、何によるものなのだろうか。安いからといって、料 理人が手を抜いているとか、安い材料を使っているとか、そういったことは 【51】ない。味が落ちれば悪い評判が立ち、夜の営業にも悪影響を与えてしま う。
ランチメニューを安くできる理由は単純明快だ。
飲食店に限らず、店を経営していくためには、材料会、光熱費、店員の給料など さまざまなコストがかかるが、そのコストをおさえられれば、商品の価格を下げ ても利益は上げることができる。【52】、メニューをいくつかに絞るという方 法で、コストをおさえているダースが多い。メニューが少なければ、準備や調理 間がかからず、多くの料理人を働かせる必要もない。そのため、安くするこ とができると【53】。
コストをおさえで、安いランチメニューでも飲食店は利益を上げている。また 安くておいしいランチを食べた客が店を気に入り、夜も店を訪れる可能性もある。飲食店にとって、利益が上げられ、さらに客も獲得できるランチは、「おいしい」【54}。
English Summary & Annotations
【50】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence before the blank describes how lunch menus are generally cheaper. The sentences after the blank provide specific examples of this price difference. Therefore, たとえば (tatoeba: for example) is the most appropriate connector.
Why other options are incorrect:
ただし (tadashi) means 'however' or 'provided that', used for conditions or exceptions.
それに (sore ni) means 'in addition' or 'moreover', used to add more information.
あるいは (aruiwa) means 'or', used to present alternatives.
【51】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The paragraph states that the price difference is not due to chefs cutting corners or using cheap ingredients. もちろん (mochiron: of course) fits here to emphasize that such negative practices are certainly not the case, as it would harm their reputation. The full phrase would be "そういったことはもちろんない" (such things, of course, do not happen).
Why other options are incorrect:
意外では (igai de wa) means 'surprisingly'. It does not fit the context of a strong denial.
間違いでは (machigai de wa) means 'it's a mistake'. While it's a mistake to think that, もちろん provides a stronger emphasis.
だから (dakara) means 'therefore', used for cause and effect, which does not fit here.
【52】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The preceding sentence states that if costs can be suppressed, profits can be made even with lower prices. The following sentence then explains how costs are suppressed by narrowing down the menu, specifically for the lunch menu. Therefore, ランチの場合 (ranchi no baai: in the case of lunch) specifies the context.
Why other options are incorrect:
次の場合 (tsugi no baai) means 'in the next case'. It is too general.
その店の場合 (sono mise no baai) means 'in the case of that store'. It is too general, as the focus is on the *type* of meal (lunch).
夜の営業の場合 (yoru no eigyou no baai) means 'in the case of dinner business'. This is the opposite of what the paragraph is explaining.
【53】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~というわけだ (to iu wake da) means 'that's why' or 'it means that'. It's used to explain the reason or conclusion. The sentence explains that because fewer menu items require less preparation and fewer chefs, they can offer cheaper prices.
Why other options are incorrect:
いう点か (iu ten ka) means 'is it a point that...?' (a question), which does not fit the explanatory tone.
いうくらい (iu kurai) means 'to the extent that one says'.
いうからか (iu kara ka) means 'is it because one says...?' (a question), which does not fit the explanatory tone.
【54】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence concludes by saying that for restaurants, lunch, which allows them to increase profits and acquire new customers, is "delicious". The blank needs to complete the phrase "「おいしい」[blank]". ランチなのである (ranchi nano de aru) means 'it is lunch'. This completes the sentence by stating that lunch itself is the "delicious acquisition" (おいしい獲得), using a metaphorical expression to highlight its benefits.
Why other options are incorrect:
ランチではあったか (ranchi de wa atta ka) means 'was it lunch?' (a question), which does not fit the context.
ランチなのではないだろう (ranchi nano de wa nai darou) means 'it's probably not lunch, is it?' (a negative speculation), which contradicts the passage's main point.
ランチではないのではないか (ranchi de wa nai no de wa nai ka) means 'isn't it that it's not lunch?' (a double negative, implying it *is* lunch, but grammatically awkward and less direct than the correct option).