2013/12 JLPT N2 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
問題1___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・ 2・ 3・ 4から一つ選びなさい。
1. そのホテルは古いですが、部屋はとても<u>清潔</u>でしたよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
清潔 (せいけつ) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'clean' or 'hygienic'. The sentence means 'That hotel is old, but the rooms were very clean.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 清潔.
This is an incorrect reading for 清潔.
This is an incorrect reading for 清潔.
2. それは<u>隠す</u>必要がないですよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
隠す (かくす) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'to hide' or 'to conceal'. The sentence means 'There's no need to hide that.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 戻す, which means 'to return' or 'to put back'.
This is the reading for 渡す, which means 'to hand over' or 'to pass'.
This is the reading for 探す or 捜す, which means 'to search' or 'to look for'.
3. 山田さんはいつも<u>姿勢</u>がいいですね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
姿勢 (しせい) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'posture' or 'attitude'. The sentence means 'Mr. Yamada always has good posture.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 姿勢.
This is an incorrect reading for 姿勢.
This is an incorrect reading for 姿勢.
4. もっと丁寧に<u>積んで</u>ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
積んで (つんで) is the correct reading for the kanji 積む, meaning 'to pile up' or 'to stack'. The sentence means 'Please stack them more carefully.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 畳んで, which means 'to fold'.
This is the reading for 編んで, which means 'to knit' or 'to braid'.
This is the reading for 結んで, which means 'to tie' or 'to bind'.
5. 犯人は 10 年以上も<u>逃亡</u>生活を送っていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
逃亡 (とうぼう) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'escape' or 'flight' (as in a fugitive's life). The sentence means 'The culprit had been living in hiding for over 10 years.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 逃亡.
This is the reading for 闘争 (struggle) or 逃走 (escape, but 逃亡 is more common for a fugitive's life), which is not the primary meaning here.
This is an incorrect reading for 逃亡.
問題2___の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを1・ 2・ 3・ 4から一つ選び なさい。
6. あのころはまだ、将来のことを<u>しんけん</u>に考えていなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
真剣 (しんけん) is the correct kanji for 'serious' or 'earnest'. The sentence means 'Back then, I wasn't seriously thinking about my future yet.'
Why other options are incorrect:
険 (ken) means 'steep' or 'dangerous', which is incorrect here.
信 (shin) means 'trust', and 険 (ken) is incorrect.
信 (shin) means 'trust', and 剣 (ken) means 'sword', which is incorrect.
7. 今後もサービス向上に<u>つとめて</u>生きたいと思っています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
努めて (つとめて) is the correct kanji for 'to make an effort' or 'to strive'. The sentence means 'I intend to continue striving to improve our services.'
Why other options are incorrect:
志す (こころざす) means 'to aspire to', which doesn't fit the context of 'making an effort'.
勧める (すすめる) means 'to recommend' or 'to advise', which is incorrect.
勤める (つとめる) means 'to work for' or 'to serve', which is not the intended meaning here.
8. バザーの売り上げは全額<u>きふ</u>しました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
寄付 (きふ) is the correct kanji for 'donation' or 'contribution'. The sentence means 'The entire proceeds from the bazaar were donated.'
Why other options are incorrect:
符 (fu) means 'charm' or 'token', which is incorrect.
貴 (ki) means 'noble' or 'valuable', and 付 (fu) means 'attach', which is incorrect.
貴 (ki) means 'noble' and 符 (fu) is incorrect.
9.そのうわさについて本人に尋ねたら、<u>そくざに</u>否定された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
即座に (そくざに) is the correct kanji for 'immediately' or 'on the spot'. The sentence means 'When I asked the person about that rumor, it was immediately denied.'
Why other options are incorrect:
速 (soku) means 'fast', but 座 (za) means 'seat', making it incorrect.
差 (sa) means 'difference', which is incorrect.
速 (soku) means 'fast', and 差 (sa) means 'difference', which is incorrect.
10. そんなに<u>せめたら</u>かわいそうだよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
責めたら (せめたら) is the correct kanji for 責める, meaning 'to blame' or 'to criticize'. The sentence means 'It's pitiful if you blame them so much.'
Why other options are incorrect:
疑む (utagamu) is not a common verb form; 疑う (utagau) means 'to doubt'.
怒める (okomeru) is not a standard verb; 怒る (okoru) means 'to get angry'.
憎む (nikumu) means 'to hate', which doesn't fit the context of 'pity'.
問題3( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・ 2・ 3・ 4から一つ選びなさい。
11. 書類に記入ミスがあったので、直してから( )提出するように言われた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
再 (sai) means 're-' or 'again'. In this context, it forms 再提出 (sai-teishutsu), meaning 're-submit'. The sentence means 'There was a mistake in the document, so I was told to correct it and then re-submit it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
改 (kai) means 'reform' or 'change', but doesn't form a common compound with 提出 in this way.
次 (ji) means 'next', which is irrelevant here.
復 (fuku) means 'return' or 'restore', but doesn't form a common compound with 提出 in this way.
12. 3 時10 分東京駅( )の新幹線に乗る予定です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
発 (hatsu) is used to indicate the departure point of a train, bus, or plane (e.g., 東京駅発 - departing from Tokyo Station). The sentence means 'I plan to take the Shinkansen departing from Tokyo Station at 3:10.'
Why other options are incorrect:
始 (shi) means 'start', but is not used in this context for departure.
出 (shutsu) means 'exit' or 'go out', but is not used in this context for departure.
離 (ri) means 'separate' or 'leave', but is not used in this context for departure.
13. 歌謡曲からクラシックまで、音楽( )に興味があります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
全般 (zenpan) means 'overall' or 'general'. 音楽全般 (ongaku zenpan) means 'music in general' or 'all genres of music'. The sentence means 'I am interested in music in general, from popular songs to classical music.'
Why other options are incorrect:
共同 (kyōdō) means 'cooperation' or 'joint', which is irrelevant.
全面 (zenmen) means 'entire surface' or 'all aspects', but is not typically used with 音楽 in this context.
共通 (kyōtsū) means 'common' or 'shared', which is irrelevant.
14. 会長候補の中では北川氏が( )有力だと言われている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
最 (sai) is used to form superlatives, meaning 'most' or 'best' (e.g., 最も - most). 最有力 (saiyūryoku) means 'most promising' or 'strongest candidate'. The sentence means 'Among the presidential candidates, Mr. Kitagawa is said to be the most promising.'
Why other options are incorrect:
特 (toku) means 'special', but doesn't form a common compound with 有力 in this way.
頂 (chō) means 'peak' or 'summit', which is incorrect.
極 (kyoku) means 'extreme' or 'pole', but doesn't form a common compound with 有力 in this way.
15. 宿題を夏休み( )に出さなければならない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
明け (ake) means 'the end of' or 'the dawn of'. 夏休み明け (natsuyasumi-ake) means 'after the summer vacation'. The sentence means 'I have to submit my homework after the summer vacation.'
Why other options are incorrect:
閉め (shime) means 'closing', but is not used in this context.
分け (wake) means 'division' or 'share', which is irrelevant.
止め (tome) means 'stop' or 'end', but is not used in this context.
問題4( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・ 2・ 3・ 4から一つ選びなさい。
16. オリンピックの開会式の様子が、会場から世界中に( )された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
中継 (chūkei) means 'relay' or 'broadcast'. The sentence means 'The scene of the Olympic opening ceremony was broadcast worldwide from the venue.'
Why other options are incorrect:
普及 (fukyū) means 'spread' or 'popularization', which doesn't fit the context of broadcasting an event.
接続 (setsuzoku) means 'connection' or 'link', which is incorrect.
分配 (bunpai) means 'distribution' or 'allocation', which is incorrect.
17. 彼は最近かなりの収入があったらしく、( )生活をするようになった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ぜいたく (zeitaku) means 'luxury' or 'extravagance'. Given he has considerable income, a luxurious lifestyle makes sense. The sentence means 'It seems he has had a considerable income recently, and has started living a luxurious life.'
Why other options are incorrect:
豊富な (hōfuna) means 'abundant' or 'rich', but it describes quantity, not a lifestyle. You wouldn't say 'abundant life'.
わずかな (wazukana) means 'slight' or 'meager', which contradicts 'considerable income'.
質素な (shisso na) means 'simple' or 'frugal', which contradicts 'considerable income'.
18. 絵のことはよく知らないので、この作品にどのくらいの価値があるのか( )がつ かない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
見当 (kentō) means 'estimate' or 'guess'. 見当がつかない (kentō ga tsukanai) is a common phrase meaning 'cannot guess' or 'have no idea'. The sentence means 'I don't know much about paintings, so I have no idea how much this work is worth.'
Why other options are incorrect:
発想 (hassō) means 'idea' or 'conception', which is incorrect.
仮定 (katei) means 'assumption' or 'hypothesis', which is incorrect.
目印 (mejirushi) means 'landmark' or 'marker', which is incorrect.
19. 不要な物を捨てて、散らかった部屋を整理したら、気分が( )した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
すっきり (sukkiri) is an adverb meaning 'refreshed', 'neat', or 'clear'. When a messy room is tidied up, one feels refreshed. The sentence means 'After throwing away unnecessary things and tidying up the messy room, I felt refreshed.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ぎっしり (gisshiri) means 'packed tightly' or 'crammed', which is irrelevant to one's feeling.
ぶらぶら (burabura) means 'dangling' or 'idling around', which is irrelevant.
きらきら (kirakira) means 'sparkling' or 'glittering', which is irrelevant.
20. 気温の上昇に( )して、エアコンの売上も伸びているらしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
比例 (hirei) means 'proportion' or 'in proportion to'. 比例して (hirei shite) means 'in proportion to' or 'commensurate with'. The sentence means 'It seems that air conditioner sales are also increasing in proportion to the rise in temperature.'
Why other options are incorrect:
対応 (taiō) means 'correspondence' or 'dealing with', which doesn't fit the cause-and-effect relationship.
比較 (hikaku) means 'comparison', which is incorrect.
応答 (ōtō) means 'response' or 'reply', which is incorrect.
21. 地図を見ながら歩いていたら、小さな石に( )、転んでしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
つまずいて (tsumazuite) is the te-form of つまずく, meaning 'to stumble' or 'to trip over'. The sentence means 'While walking and looking at the map, I stumbled over a small stone and fell down.'
Why other options are incorrect:
つっこんで (tsukkonde) is the te-form of 突っ込む, meaning 'to plunge into' or 'to thrust into', which is incorrect.
くっついて (kuttsuite) is the te-form of くっつく, meaning 'to stick to' or 'to cling to', which is incorrect.
かたむいて (katamuite) is the te-form of 傾く, meaning 'to lean' or 'to tilt', which is incorrect.
22. その会にはぜひ出席したいのですが、( )ほかに予定が入ってるんです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あいにく (ainiku) means 'unfortunately' or 'regrettably'. It expresses regret that something cannot be done due to an unfortunate circumstance. The sentence means 'I would really like to attend that meeting, but unfortunately, I have another appointment.'
Why other options are incorrect:
せっかく (sekkaku) means 'with much trouble' or 'at great pains', implying effort was made, which doesn't fit the 'unfortunately' context.
うっかり (ukkari) means 'carelessly' or 'by mistake', which is incorrect.
わざわざ (wazawaza) means 'expressly' or 'purposely', implying extra effort, which is incorrect.
問題5__の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・ 2・ 3・ 4から一つ選びなさい。
23. 荷物の重さは<u>およそ</u>5キロでした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
およそ (oyoso) means 'approximately' or 'about'. だいたい (daitai) is the closest synonym, also meaning 'approximately' or 'roughly'. The sentence means 'The weight of the luggage was approximately 5 kilograms.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ぜんぶで (zenbu de) means 'in total' or 'altogether'.
ぴったり (pittari) means 'exactly' or 'perfectly'.
それぞれ (sorezore) means 'each' or 'respectively'.
24. もう少し具体的な<u>プラン</u>を教えてほしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
プラン (puran) is a loanword meaning 'plan'. 計画 (keikaku) is the closest Japanese synonym, also meaning 'plan'. The sentence means 'I'd like you to tell me a more concrete plan.'
Why other options are incorrect:
理由 (riyū) means 'reason'.
情報 (jōhō) means 'information'.
特徴 (tokuchō) means 'feature' or 'characteristic'.
25. 市の経済状況は<u>依然として</u>厳しいらしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
依然として (izan to shite) means 'still' or 'as before'. 相変わらず (aikawarazu) is the closest synonym, also meaning 'as usual' or 'as ever'. The sentence means 'It seems the city's economic situation is still severe.'
Why other options are incorrect:
思ったとおり (omotta tōri) means 'as expected'.
実際には (jissai ni wa) means 'in reality' or 'actually'.
これまでより (kore made yori) means 'more than before'.
26. あのときは本当に<u>必死だった</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
必死だった (hisshi datta) means 'was desperate' or 'was frantic'. 一生懸命だった (isshōkenmei datta) means 'was working hard' or 'was doing one's best', which is the closest meaning in this context of putting in maximum effort. The sentence means 'At that time, I was truly desperate/doing my utmost.'
Why other options are incorrect:
危なかった (abunakatta) means 'was dangerous' or 'was close call'.
緊張した (kinchō shita) means 'was nervous' or 'felt tense'.
恐ろしかった (osoroshikatta) means 'was scary' or 'was terrifying'.
27. <u>山のふもと</u>にきれいな湖があります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
山のふもと (yama no fumoto) means 'the foot of the mountain' or 'the base of the mountain'. 山の下のほう (yama no shita no hō) means 'the lower part of the mountain', which is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the mountain.'
Why other options are incorrect:
山の向こう (yama no mukō) means 'beyond the mountain'.
山の上のほう (yama no ue no hō) means 'the upper part of the mountain'.
山の中間あたり (yama no chūkan atari) means 'around the middle of the mountain'.
問題6次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1、2,3、4から一つ選びなさい。
28. 補足
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
補足 (hosoku) means 'supplement' or 'addendum'. It is correctly used in option 2 to mean 'to add supplementary explanation'. The sentence means 'Since only an outline is written in the document, I will supplement the explanation a little.'
Why other options are incorrect:
補足 is used incorrectly. You would use 足す (tasu) or 加える (kuwaeru) for adding salt. The sentence means 'The soup was bland, so I added salt.'
補足 is used incorrectly. You would use 補佐 (hosa) or 手伝う (tetsudau) for assisting work. The sentence means 'My role is to assist the work of new employees.'
補足 is used incorrectly. You would use 加える (kuwaeru) or 付け加える (tsukekuwaeru) for adding furniture. The sentence means 'Since the room was dark, I added bright-colored furniture.'
29. あわただしい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あわただしい (awatadashii) means 'busy', 'hasty', or 'bustling'. It is correctly used in option 4 to describe someone rushing. The sentence means 'As soon as the morning meeting ended, Mr. Yamashita rushed out without even eating lunch.'
Why other options are incorrect:
あわただしい is used incorrectly. For temperature changes, you would use 激しい (hageshii - drastic) or 厳しい (kibishii - severe). The sentence means 'Recently, the temperature changes are drastic, so many people catch colds.'
あわただしい is used incorrectly. For someone forgetful or making mistakes, you would use うっかり者 (ukkari-mono - careless person) or そそっかしい (sosokkashii - clumsy). The sentence means 'Mr. Mori is a careless person, often forgetting things or taking the wrong train.'
あわただしい is used incorrectly. For rapid development, you would use 急速 (kyūsoku - rapid) or 目覚ましい (mezamashii - remarkable). The sentence means 'The development of this town is rapid, and its appearance has changed significantly from a few years ago.'
30. かすか
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かすか (kasuka) means 'faint', 'dim', or 'slight'. It is correctly used in option 2 to describe something barely visible. The sentence means 'After an hour on the boat, an island faintly appeared in the distance.'
Why other options are incorrect:
かすか is used incorrectly. For a small amount of money, you would use わずか (wazuka - meager) or 少ない (sukunai - little). The sentence means 'I had a meager amount of money in my wallet, so I took the bus home.'
かすか is used incorrectly. For a short amount of time, you would use 短い (mijikai - short) or 少ない (sukunai - little). The sentence means 'The weather is good today, so the laundry seems to dry in a short amount of time.'
かすか is used incorrectly. For a slight difference, you would use わずか (wazuka - slight) or 少し (sukoshi - a little). The sentence means 'Mr. Tanaka and I are the same age, but my birthday is slightly earlier.'
31. 催促
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
催促 (saisoku) means 'demand', 'request', or 'prompting' (especially for payment or action). It is correctly used in option 3 to mean a demand for payment. The sentence means 'I completely forgot to pay the rent, and then I received a reminder call.'
Why other options are incorrect:
催促 is used incorrectly. For urging caution, you would use 促す (unagasu - to urge) or 呼びかける (yobikakeru - to call for). The sentence means 'On hot days exceeding 30 degrees, schools also urge students to drink enough water.'
催促 is used incorrectly. For promoting cultural exchange, you would use 促進 (sokushin - promotion) or 推進 (suishin - promotion). The sentence means 'Volunteer organizations hold monthly events to promote cross-cultural exchange.'
催促 is used incorrectly. For appetite being stimulated, you would use 刺激 (shigeki - stimulation) or 誘う (sasou - to invite/stimulate). The sentence means 'A delicious smell came from somewhere, stimulating my appetite.'
32. ものたりない
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ものたりない (monotarinai) means 'unsatisfying', 'not enough', or 'lacking something'. It is correctly used in option 1 to express that something is no longer challenging enough. The sentence means 'I've gotten a little better, so the beginner-level class has become unsatisfying/not enough for me.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ものたりない is used incorrectly. For feeling lonely or sad about a classmate leaving, you would use 寂しい (sabishii - lonely/sad). The sentence means 'My classmate is transferring schools, and everyone feels lonely/sad.'
ものたりない is used incorrectly. For lacking things or feeling inconvenienced in a new environment, you would use 不便 (fuben - inconvenient) or 困る (komaru - to be troubled). The sentence means 'You might find many things inconvenient since you just came to Japan, but you'll get used to it soon.'
ものたりない is used incorrectly. For disappointment about a cancelled event, you would use 残念 (zannen - regrettable/disappointing). The sentence means 'It's really disappointing that the party I was looking forward to was canceled.'
問題7次の分の ( ) に入れるのに最もよいものを、 1、 2、 3、 4から一つ選びなさい。
33. この料理はとても簡単で、鶏肉と卵( )あればすぐに作れます。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
さえ (sae) means 'even' or 'if only'. It emphasizes that something is sufficient or the minimum requirement. 鶏肉と卵さえあれば (toriniku to tamago sae areba) means 'if only you have chicken and eggs'. The sentence means 'This dish is very simple; you can make it right away if you just have chicken and eggs.'
Why other options are incorrect:
にも (ni mo) means 'also' or 'even to', which doesn't fit the 'if only' nuance.
こそ (koso) is an emphatic particle, meaning 'it is... that', which doesn't fit here.
とも (tomo) can mean 'even if' or 'both', but doesn't fit this context.
34. このメーカーのヘルメットは安全性( ) 、他のどメーカーの製品よりも優れている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
において (ni oite) means 'in terms of', 'regarding', or 'at/in (a place/time)'. Here, it means 'in terms of safety'. The sentence means 'This manufacturer's helmets are superior to those of any other manufacturer in terms of safety.'
Why other options are incorrect:
に沿って (ni sotte) means 'along' or 'in accordance with', which is incorrect.
に向けて (ni mukete) means 'towards' or 'for', which is incorrect.
にわたって (ni watatte) means 'throughout' or 'over (a period/range)', which is incorrect.
35. 山田 「今度の連休、 木村さんは温泉にいくみたいだよ。 森さんはどこかいかないの?」 森さん「( )ものなら行きたいけど、今度の連休は仕事が入っちゃったんだよね。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
行ける (ikeru) is the potential form of 行く (iku), meaning 'can go'. The pattern 'V-れるものなら' means 'if one can V' or 'if it were possible to V', expressing a strong desire to do something that is difficult or impossible. The sentence means 'Yamada: "It seems Mr. Kimura is going to a hot spring during the upcoming long weekend. Aren't you going anywhere, Mr. Mori?" Mori: "If I could go, I'd love to, but I have work during this long weekend."'
Why other options are incorrect:
行く (iku) is the plain form, and '行くものなら' is not a standard grammar pattern for this nuance.
行こう (ikō) is the volitional form, meaning 'let's go', which doesn't fit.
行きたい (ikitai) means 'want to go', but '行きたいものなら' is not a standard grammar pattern for this nuance.
36. (セミナーの案内で) 受講料は、無料です。( )、資料代500円をいただきます。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ただし (tadashi) means 'however' or 'provided that'. It is used to introduce a condition or an exception to a previous statement. The sentence means '(In the seminar announcement) The participation fee is free. However, there will be a 500 yen material fee.'
Why other options are incorrect:
および (oyobi) means 'and' or 'as well as', used to connect items.
すなわち (sunawachi) means 'that is to say' or 'in other words', used for rephrasing.
あるいは (aruiwa) means 'or' or 'perhaps', used for alternatives.
37. 今年の映画祭の来場者は、開幕から3日で10万人に達した。八日間の開催期間で 最終的に は昨年の20万人を大幅に上回る( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
勢いだ (ikioi da) means 'it's on track to' or 'it's likely to'. It indicates that something is progressing with such momentum that a certain outcome is expected. The sentence means 'The number of visitors to this year's film festival reached 100,000 in just 3 days from the opening. It's on track to significantly exceed last year's 200,000 visitors over the eight-day period.'
Why other options are incorrect:
までだ (made da) means 'that's all' or 'it's limited to', which is incorrect.
次第だ (shidai da) means 'it depends on' or 'it's up to', which is incorrect.
最中だ (saichū da) means 'in the middle of' or 'in the process of', which is incorrect.
38. 大西病院では、 現在事務職員を募集しています。 詳細は、 ホームページを ( ) か、 直接お電 話でお問い合わせください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ご覧いただく (goran itadaku) is a humble expression meaning 'to have someone look at' or 'to allow someone to see'. In this context, it means 'please view our homepage'. The sentence means 'Onishi Hospital is currently recruiting administrative staff. For details, please view our homepage or contact us directly by phone.'
Why other options are incorrect:
拝見する (haiken suru) is a humble expression meaning 'to humbly look at', used when *you* look at something belonging to a superior, not when asking someone else to look.
ご覧に入れる (goran ni ireru) is a humble expression meaning 'to show (to a superior)', used when *you* show something to someone else.
見せてくださる (misete kudasaru) means 'to show (me)', used when someone *shows* something to you, not when you ask someone to look at something themselves.
39. 北側市は、かつては人口5千人の小さな村( )が、今では人口50万人の大都市だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
にすぎなかった (ni suginakatta) means 'was merely' or 'was nothing more than'. It emphasizes that something was only a small or insignificant thing. The sentence means 'Kitagawa City was once merely a small village of 5,000 people, but now it is a large city of 500,000 people.'
Why other options are incorrect:
でもなかった (demo nakatta) means 'was not even', which doesn't fit the contrast.
よりほかなかった (yori hoka nakatta) means 'had no choice but to', which is irrelevant.
ばかりではなかった (bakari de wa nakatta) means 'was not only', which is incorrect.
40. (店で) A :「このシャツ、かわいい。でも、会社に着ていくには派手かな。」 B :「うん。デートで着る( )、仕事には派手すぎるよ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ならともかく (nara tomokaku) means 'leaving aside...; never mind...; whether or not...'. It implies that the first part is acceptable, but the second part is not. デートで着るならともかく (dēto de kiru nara tomokaku) means 'leaving aside wearing it on a date'. The sentence means 'A: "This shirt is cute. But is it too flashy to wear to work?" B: "Yeah. Leaving aside wearing it on a date, it's too flashy for work."'
Why other options are incorrect:
にしては (ni shite wa) means 'for (a certain condition), it's surprisingly...', which is incorrect.
としたら (to shitara) means 'if it were the case that...', which is incorrect.
からとはいえ (kara to wa ie) means 'even though it's because...', which is incorrect.
41. 悩んでいる時は、誰かに話を( )気持ちが楽になる場合もある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
聞いてもらうことで (kiite morau koto de) means 'by having someone listen (to you)'. The grammar pattern V-てもらう means 'to receive the favor of someone doing V'. The sentence means 'When you're troubled, sometimes you feel better by having someone listen to you.'
Why other options are incorrect:
聞いてあげることは (kiite ageru koto wa) means 'giving the favor of listening (to someone else)', which implies you are listening to someone else, not someone listening to you.
聞いてくれることに (kiite kureru koto ni) means 'to the fact that someone listens (to you)', which is grammatically awkward here.
聞いてやることが (kiite yaru koto ga) means 'doing the favor of listening (to someone else)', which is a condescending way of saying you listen to someone else.
42.(駅で) A 「まだ切符ってないの?もう電車来ちゃうよ。はやくはやく」 B 「まだ5分もあるでしょう。そんなに( )。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
急がせないよ (isogasenai yo) is the negative causative form of 急ぐ (isogu - to hurry), meaning 'don't make me hurry' or 'don't rush me'. The sentence means 'A: "Haven't you bought the ticket yet? The train is coming soon! Hurry, hurry!" B: "There's still 5 minutes, isn't there? Don't rush me so much."'
Why other options are incorrect:
急がせられないのかな (isogaserarenai no kana) means 'I wonder if I can't be rushed', which is grammatically awkward and doesn't fit the context.
急がなくちゃね (isoganakucha ne) means 'I have to hurry, right?', which contradicts B's relaxed attitude.
急がされるんだから (isogasareru n dakara) means 'because I'm being rushed', which is a statement of fact, not a request to stop rushing.
43.(電話で) A 「営業部の山下さんを御願いしたいのですが。」 B 「申し訳ありません、山下はただいま会議で席を外しております。戻りましたらこちらからお電話( )。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
いたしましょうか (itashimashō ka) is the humble form of しましょうか (shimashō ka - 'shall I do?'). It means 'Shall I make a call (from here)?' or 'Would you like me to call (from here)?'. This is a polite offer of action. The sentence means 'A: "I'd like to speak with Mr. Yamashita from the sales department." B: "I apologize, Mr. Yamashita is currently out of his seat in a meeting. Shall I have him call you back when he returns?"'
Why other options are incorrect:
申しましょうか (mōshimashō ka) is the humble form of 言いましょうか (iimashō ka - 'shall I say?'), which is incorrect here.
くださいませんか (kudasaimasen ka) means 'would you please give/do (for me)?', which is a request to the other person, not an offer of action.
いただきませんか (itadakimasen ka) means 'would you please receive (from me)?' or 'would you please let me have?', which is incorrect.
44.「自分がされてうれしいことは相手もうれしい」といつ( )だが、相手が嫌がる場合もあるので、気をつ けようと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
思ってしまいがち (omotte shimai gachi) means 'tend to think' or 'prone to thinking'. The pattern 'V-てしまいがち' indicates a tendency to do something, often with a negative nuance or a realization that it's not always correct. The sentence means 'It's easy to think that "what makes you happy will also make others happy," but I think I should be careful because there are cases where the other person dislikes it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
思ってところ (omotte tokoro) is grammatically incorrect in this context.
思いたがるおそれ (omoitagaru osore) means 'fear of wanting to think', which is incorrect.
思うしかないため (omou shika nai tame) means 'because there's no choice but to think', which is incorrect.
問題8次の文の_★_に入る最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
45. A「夏休み、あしたで終わりだね」 B「そうだね。でもまだ___ ___ _★_ ___休みたいよね。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is `あと1週間ぐらいは`. The `_★_` part is `ぐらい`. This forms the phrase `あと1週間ぐらいは` meaning 'at least about one more week'. The full sentence means 'A: "Summer vacation ends tomorrow, doesn't it?" B: "Yeah, it does. But I still want to rest for at least about one more week, don't I?"'
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing '1週間' at the `_★_` position would result in `あとぐらい1週間は`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing 'あと' at the `_★_` position would result in `1週間ぐらいあと`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing 'は' at the `_★_` position would result in `あと1週間ぐらいは`, but 'は' is a particle that follows the `_★_` part, not the `_★_` part itself.
(北川先生へのメールで) 昨日無事に帰国しました。 日本に滞在中は___ ___ _★_ ___お世話になり、本当にありがとうございます。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is `北川先生をはじめ多くの方々に`. The `_★_` part is `多くの方々`. This forms the phrase `北川先生をはじめ多くの方々に` meaning 'to Mr. Kitagawa and many other people'. The full sentence means '(In an email to Professor Kitagawa) I returned to my home country safely yesterday. Thank you very much for taking care of me, especially Professor Kitagawa and many other people, during my stay in Japan.'
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 'をはじめ' at the `_★_` position would result in `北川先生多くの方々にをはじめ`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing '北川先生' at the `_★_` position would result in `をはじめ多くの方々に北川先生`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing 'に' at the `_★_` position would result in `北川先生をはじめ多くの方々`, but 'に' is a particle that follows the `_★_` part, not the `_★_` part itself.
47. 私の祖父は、風をひいでも、「風のときはあたたかく___ ___ _★_ ___。」と言って病院に行かない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is `して早く寝るに限る`. The `_★_` part is `寝る`. This forms the phrase `あたたかくして早く寝るに限る` meaning 'it's best to stay warm and go to bed early'. The full sentence means 'My grandfather, even when he catches a cold, says, "When you have a cold, it's best to stay warm and go to bed early," and doesn't go to the hospital.'
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing 'に限る' at the `_★_` position would result in `して早く寝るに限る`, but 'に限る' is a grammar pattern that follows the `_★_` part, not the `_★_` part itself.
Placing '早く' at the `_★_` position would result in `して寝るに限る早く`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing 'して' at the `_★_` position would result in `早く寝るに限るして`, which is grammatically incorrect.
48. 留学中、自分の国のことを聞かれて初めて、今まで___ ___ _★_ ___ことが多いのに気づいた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is `当たり前だと思って疑問にすら思っていなかった`. The `_★_` part is `疑問にすら`. This forms the phrase `当たり前だと思って疑問にすら思っていなかった` meaning 'had taken for granted and not even questioned'. The full sentence means 'While studying abroad, for the first time when asked about my own country, I realized there were many things I had taken for granted and not even questioned until then.'
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing '思って' at the `_★_` position would result in `当たり前だと疑問にすら思っていなかった思って`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing '思っていなかった' at the `_★_` position would result in `当たり前だと思って疑問にすら思っていなかった`, but '思っていなかった' is the final part of the phrase, not the `_★_` part itself.
Placing '当たり前だと' at the `_★_` position would result in `思って疑問にすら思っていなかった当たり前だと`, which is grammatically incorrect.
49. 彼が描いたライオンの絵は、___ ___ _★_ ___いる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is `今にも動き出して近づいてきそうなほど本物そっくりに描かれている`. The `_★_` part is `本物そっくりに`. This forms the phrase `今にも動き出して近づいてきそうなほど本物そっくりに` meaning 'so realistic that it looks like it could start moving and approach at any moment'. The full sentence means 'The lion painting he drew is so realistic that it looks like it could start moving and approach at any moment.'
Why other options are incorrect:
Placing '今にも動き出して' at the `_★_` position would result in `近づいてきそうなほど本物そっくりに描かれて今にも動き出して`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing '近づいてきそうなほど' at the `_★_` position would result in `今にも動き出して本物そっくりに描かれて近づいてきそうなほど`, which is grammatically incorrect.
Placing '描かれて' at the `_★_` position would result in `今にも動き出して近づいてきそうなほど本物そっくりに描かれて`, but '描かれて' is the final part of the phrase, not the `_★_` part itself.
問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、(50)から(54)の中に入る最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
ポケットティッシュ
今日も新宿駅前でティッシュをもらった。小さな袋の中に10枚ほどのティッシュが入っていて、ポケットなどに入れて持ち歩けるポケットティッシュだ。
新宿や渋谷などの大きな駅を出して少し歩くと、ポケットティッシュを配っている人にあちこちで【50】。彼らが配るのは、ティッシュでもあり広告でもある。
受け取りティッシュの袋には、旅行会社の名前が印刷されていたり、美容院や居酒屋の広告の紙が入っていたりする。最初は無料で配っているとは知らなかったので、渡されたときは驚いた。
ティッシュペーパーが日本で使われるようになったのは、1950年代。その十数年後、【51】が広告宣伝用に配るためのポケットティッシュを開発した。そして、1970年ごろにそれを道で配り始めた会社があり、それ以来、ポケットティッシュを道で配ることが定着していったらしい。
確かに、ポケットティッシュは優れた宣伝グッズだ。まず、道で直接配るから、歩いている人の性別・年齢を見て、渡すことができる。個人情報を集めなくても、宣伝したい相手に宣伝できる効果的な【52】。
また、ティッシュなら実用的で、ちらしだけよりも受け取ってもらいやすいし、使うたびに広告を見てもらえるという利点もある。
【53】、私はポケットティッシュの広告を見て行動を起こしたことはない。もらう広告には全く興味がないが、無料だからついもらってしまい、たまっていく一方だ。だから、帰国したら友達に配りたい【54}。
English Summary & Annotations
【50】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
出会う (deau) means 'to encounter' or 'to come across'. The sentence describes a general, habitual action of encountering people distributing tissues. The plain form `出会う` fits the narrative style of the passage. The sentence means 'When you leave a big station like Shinjuku or Shibuya and walk a bit, you encounter people distributing pocket tissues everywhere.'
Why other options are incorrect:
出合ったのか (deatta no ka) means 'did I encounter?', which is a question and doesn't fit the narrative.
出会うこともあった (deau koto mo atta) means 'there were times when I encountered', which implies occasional encounters, but the context suggests a regular occurrence.
出会うはずだった (deau hazu datta) means 'should have encountered', which implies an expectation that wasn't met.
【51】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ある会社 (aru kaisha) means 'a certain company'. This is the most natural way to introduce a new, unspecified company that developed something. The sentence means 'A dozen or so years later, a certain company developed pocket tissues for advertising purposes.'
Why other options are incorrect:
その会社 (sono kaisha) means 'that company', implying it was already mentioned, which it wasn't.
彼らの会社 (karera no kaisha) means 'their company', referring to the people distributing tissues, but it was a company that *developed* them, not necessarily *their* company.
こういう会社 (kōiu kaisha) means 'this kind of company', which is too general and doesn't fit the introduction of a specific entity.
【52】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
方法だと言える (hōhō da to ieru) means 'it can be said to be a method'. This phrase expresses a conclusion or a strong opinion based on the preceding explanation. The sentence means 'It is an effective method for advertising to the desired target without collecting personal information.'
Why other options are incorrect:
方法にするべきだ (hōhō ni suru beki da) means 'should be made into a method', which is a suggestion, not a conclusion.
方法になりかねない (hōhō ni narikanenai) means 'it might become a method (with a negative nuance)', which is incorrect as the passage describes it positively.
方法があるに違いない (hōhō ga aru ni chigainai) means 'there must be a method', which is a statement of certainty about existence, not a characterization of the method itself.
【53】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
とはいえ (to wa ie) means 'although that is true' or 'nevertheless'. It introduces a contrasting statement or a counter-argument to what was just said. The preceding paragraph praises pocket tissues as effective advertising, while this sentence introduces the author's personal experience, which contradicts that effectiveness. The sentence means 'Nevertheless, I have never taken action after seeing a pocket tissue advertisement.'
Why other options are incorrect:
むしろ (mushiro) means 'rather' or 'instead', used for preference or correction.
要するに (yōsuru ni) means 'in short' or 'to sum up', used for summarizing.
したがって (shitagatte) means 'therefore' or 'consequently', used for logical conclusion.
【54】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
紹介しようと思う (shōkai shiyō to omou) means 'I intend to distribute/introduce'. The author has accumulated many tissues and plans to give them to friends. The volitional form + と思う expresses intention. The sentence means 'Therefore, when I return to my home country, I intend to distribute them to my friends.'
Why other options are incorrect:
紹介されたわけだ (shōkai sareta wake da) means 'it means I was introduced', which is passive and doesn't fit the author's action.
紹介したからだ (shōkai shita kara da) means 'because I introduced', which is a reason for a past action, not a future intention.
紹介されのだと思う (shōkai sareta no da to omou) means 'I think I was introduced', which is passive and doesn't fit.