2013/07 JLPT N2 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test

N22013/JulyVocabulary
Q54 Questions
T~81 minutes
S9 Sections

問題1 _____の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

5 questions
Question 1

1. 新聞を読めば、<u>世の中</u>の動きを知ることができる。

1.1) よのなか Correct
2.2) せのなか
3.3) ようのなか
4.4) せいのなか
Correct Answer: 1. 1) よのなか
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

世の中 (よのなか) is the correct reading for the kanji 世の中, which means 'the world' or 'society'. The sentence means 'If you read the newspaper, you can know the movements of the world.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) せのなか

This is an incorrect reading for 世の中. 世 is read as よ, not せ.

3) ようのなか

This is an incorrect reading for 世の中. The 'う' sound is not present.

4) せいのなか

This is an incorrect reading for 世の中. 世 is read as よ, not せ, and the 'い' sound is not present.

Question 2

2. 新入生をサークルに<u>勧誘</u>した。

1.1) )かんゆ
2.2) かんげい
3.3) かんゆう Correct
4.4) かんげ
Correct Answer: 3. 3) かんゆう
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

勧誘 (かんゆう) is the correct reading for the kanji 勧誘, which means 'invitation' or 'solicitation'. The sentence means 'I invited new students to the club.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) )かんゆ

This is an incorrect reading for 勧誘. The 'う' sound is missing.

2) かんげい

This is the reading for 歓迎 (かんげい), which means 'welcome'. It does not fit the context.

4) かんげ

This is an incorrect reading for 勧誘.

Question 3

3. 当日必要な資料などについても<u>改めて</u>ご連絡します。

1.1) たしかめて
2.2) あらためて Correct
3.3) まとめて
4.4) ふくめて
Correct Answer: 2. 2) あらためて
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

改めて (あらためて) is the correct reading for the kanji 改めて, which means 'again', 'anew', or 'on another occasion'. The sentence means 'I will contact you again regarding the necessary documents for the day.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) たしかめて

This is the reading for 確かめて (たしかめて), meaning 'to confirm'. It does not fit the context.

3) まとめて

This is the reading for まとめて, meaning 'to gather' or 'to summarize'. It does not fit the context.

4) ふくめて

This is the reading for 含めて (ふくめて), meaning 'including'. It does not fit the context.

Question 4

4. 海外市場に進出するために販売部門を<u>拡充</u>した。

1.1) こうじゅ
2.2) かくじゅ
3.3) こうじゅう
4.4) かくじゅう Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) かくじゅう
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

拡充 (かくじゅう) is the correct reading for the kanji 拡充, which means 'expansion' or 'enlargement'. The sentence means 'We expanded the sales department to advance into overseas markets.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) こうじゅ

This is an incorrect reading for 拡充.

2) かくじゅ

This is an incorrect reading for 拡充. The 'う' sound is missing.

3) こうじゅう

This is an incorrect reading for 拡充.

Question 5

5. 教師は生徒の<u>模範</u>となるような行動をとるべきだ。

1.1) もうほん
2.2) もうはん
3.3) もほん
4.4) もはん Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) もはん
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

模範 (もはん) is the correct reading for the kanji 模範, which means 'model' or 'example'. The sentence means 'Teachers should act in a way that serves as a model for students.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) もうほん

This is an incorrect reading for 模範.

2) もうはん

This is an incorrect reading for 模範.

3) もほん

This is an incorrect reading for 模範.

問題2 ＿＿＿の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

5 questions
Question 6

6. 食費をこれ以上<u>けずる</u>ことはできない。

1.1) 縮る
2.2) 減る
3.3) 略
4.4) 削る Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 削る
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

削る (けずる) is the correct kanji for けずる, meaning 'to cut down', 'to shave off', or 'to reduce'. The sentence means 'I cannot cut down on food expenses any further.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 縮る

縮る (ちぢる) is not a standard kanji for けずる. 縮む (ちぢむ) means 'to shrink'.

2) 減る

減る (へる) means 'to decrease' or 'to diminish', but けずる specifically implies 'cutting down' or 'reducing' something by removing a part, which 削る conveys.

3) 略

略 (りゃく) means 'abbreviation' or 'omission'. It does not match the meaning of けずる.

Question 7

7. 今学期の<u>こうぎ</u>は来週までです。

1.1) 構義
2.2) 講議
3.3) 講義 Correct
4.4) 構議
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 講義
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

講義 (こうぎ) is the correct kanji for こうぎ, meaning 'lecture' or 'class'. The sentence means 'This semester's lectures are until next week.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 構義

This is not a standard kanji combination for こうぎ.

2) 講議

While 講 (こう) is correct, 議 (ぎ) means 'discussion' or 'deliberation', not 'lecture'.

4) 構議

This is not a standard kanji combination for こうぎ.

Question 8

8. いつのまにか看板が<u>かたむいて</u>いた。

1.1) 傾いて Correct
2.2) 頃いて
3.3) 倒いて
4.4) 到いて
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 傾いて
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

傾いて (かたむいて) is the correct kanji for かたむいて, meaning 'to be tilted' or 'to lean'. The sentence means 'The signboard was tilted before I knew it.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 頃いて

頃 (ころ) means 'time' or 'around'. It is not used for 'tilting'.

3) 倒いて

倒 (たお) means 'to fall down' or 'to collapse'. While related, 傾く implies a tilt, not necessarily a full collapse.

4) 到いて

到 (いた) means 'to arrive'. It is unrelated.

Question 9

9. 自分に与えられた役割をしっかり<u>はたす</u>つもりだ。

1.1) 果たす Correct
2.2) 務たす
3.3) 担たす
4.4) 任たす
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 果たす
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

果たす (はたす) is the correct kanji for はたす, meaning 'to fulfill' or 'to accomplish'. The sentence means 'I intend to properly fulfill the role given to me.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 務たす

務 (つと) means 'duty' or 'service'. While related to roles, 務たす is not a standard verb form for 'to fulfill'.

3) 担たす

担 (かつ) means 'to carry' or 'to bear'. It is not used for 'to fulfill a role'.

4) 任たす

任 (まか) means 'responsibility' or 'duty'. 任たす is not a standard verb form for 'to fulfill'.

Question 10

10. 今度は田中さんも<u>しょうたい</u>するつもりです。

1.1) 招待 Correct
2.2) 招介
3.3) 紹介
4.4) 紹待
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 招待
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

招待 (しょうたい) is the correct kanji for しょうたい, meaning 'invitation'. The sentence means 'Next time, I intend to invite Mr. Tanaka as well.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 招介

This is not a standard kanji combination. 招 (しょう) means 'invite', but 介 (かい) means 'mediate'.

3) 紹介

紹介 (しょうかい) means 'introduction'. It does not fit the context of inviting someone.

4) 紹待

This is not a standard kanji combination.

問題3 ( ) に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

5 questions
Question 11

11. 初めて出た大会で（ ）決勝まで進むことができた。

1.1) 前
2.2) 副
3.3) 次
4.4) 準 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 準
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

準 (じゅん) means 'semi-' or 'quasi-'. 準決勝 (じゅんけっしょう) means 'semifinals'. The sentence means 'I was able to advance to the semifinals in my first tournament.' This fits the context of progressing in a competition.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 前

Means 'before' or 'front'. Does not form a meaningful compound with 決勝.

2) 副

Means 'sub-' or 'assistant'. Does not form a meaningful compound with 決勝 in this context.

3) 次

Means 'next'. While related to sequence, it doesn't form a standard term like 準決勝.

Question 12

12. このレストランは、いつも親子（ ）の客で込んでいる。

1.1) 添え
2.2) 連れ Correct
3.3) 伴い
4.4) 付き
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 連れ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

親子連れ (おやこづれ) means 'a parent and child together' or 'a family with children'. The sentence means 'This restaurant is always crowded with customers who are parents and children.' This is a common compound noun.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 添え

Means 'accompanying' or 'attached'. Not typically used in this compound.

3) 伴い

Means 'accompanying' or 'along with'. While similar in meaning, 伴い is a verb form and doesn't form the common compound 親子連れ.

4) 付き

Means 'attached' or 'with'. While it can form compounds, 親子付き is not the standard expression.

Question 13

13. 日当たりが悪いので、この部屋は昼でも（ ）暗い。

1.1) 浅
2.2) 軽
3.3) 薄 Correct
4.4) 弱
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 薄
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

薄 (うす) means 'thin', 'faint', or 'light'. 薄暗い (うすぐらい) means 'dimly lit' or 'gloomy'. The sentence means 'Since it doesn't get much sunlight, this room is dimly lit even during the day.' This fits the context of a room being dark due to lack of sun.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 浅

Means 'shallow'. Not related to brightness.

2) 軽

Means 'light' (in weight). Not related to brightness.

4) 弱

Means 'weak'. While a weak light might be dim, 弱暗い is not a standard compound.

Question 14

14. 子供が風邪（ ）なので、今日は学校を休ませることにした。

1.1) 気味 Correct
2.2) 具合
3.3) 寄り
4.4) 向き
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 気味
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

気味 (ぎみ) is a suffix meaning 'a touch of', 'a slight feeling of', or 'a tendency to'. 風邪気味 (かぜぎみ) means 'feeling a bit under the weather' or 'having a slight cold'. The sentence means 'My child is feeling a bit under the weather with a cold, so I decided to let them rest from school today.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 具合

Means 'condition' or 'state'. While related to health, 風邪具合 is not a standard expression.

3) 寄り

Means 'leaning towards' or 'approaching'. Not used in this context.

4) 向き

Means 'suitable for' or 'facing'. Not used in this context.

Question 15

15. 食器（ ）は、この箱に詰めてください。

1.1) 型
2.2) 種
3.3) 属
4.4) 類 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 類
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

類 (るい) means 'kind', 'sort', or 'category'. 食器類 (しょっきるい) means 'tableware' or 'dishes and similar items'. The sentence means 'Please pack the tableware in this box.' This is a common way to refer to a category of items.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 型

Means 'type' or 'model'. 食器型 is not a standard term.

2) 種

Means 'species' or 'kind'. While similar to 類, 種類 (しゅるい) is more common for 'types', and 食器種 is not standard.

3) 属

Means 'belonging to' or 'affiliated with'. Not used in this compound.

問題4 ( ) に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

7 questions
Question 16

16. 駅前を歩いていたら、テレビのリポーターに突然（ ）、インタビューを受けた。

1.1) 聞き取られて
2.2) 呼び止められて Correct
3.3) 問い合わせられて
4.4) 見分けられて
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 呼び止められて
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

呼び止められて (よびとめられて) is the passive form of 呼び止める (よびとめる), meaning 'to stop and call out to someone'. The sentence means 'When I was walking in front of the station, I was suddenly stopped and interviewed by a TV reporter.' This fits the scenario of being approached unexpectedly.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 聞き取られて

Passive of 聞き取る (ききとる), 'to hear and understand'. Does not fit the context of being physically stopped.

3) 問い合わせられて

Passive of 問い合わせる (といあわせる), 'to inquire'. Does not fit the context of being stopped for an interview.

4) 見分けられて

Passive of 見分ける (みわける), 'to distinguish' or 'to tell apart'. Does not fit the context.

Question 17

17. 明日のハイキングは午前10時集合、午後4時（ ）の予定です。

1.1) 解散 Correct
2.2) 解放
3.3) 退出
4.4) 退場
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 解散
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

解散 (かいさん) means 'dispersal' or 'breaking up (a meeting/group)'. In the context of a hiking trip, it refers to the time when the group will disband. The sentence means 'Tomorrow's hiking trip is scheduled to meet at 10 AM and disband at 4 PM.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 解放

Means 'release' or 'liberation'. Not used for a group disbanding.

3) 退出

Means 'leaving (a place)'. While related, 解散 specifically refers to the group breaking up.

4) 退場

Means 'leaving (a venue/stage)'. Not typically used for a hiking group.

Question 18

18. 司会をしてくれる人がいると、話し合いが（ ）進む。

1.1) シンプルに
2.2) スムーズに Correct
3.3) ソフトに
4.4) クリアに
Correct Answer: 2. 2) スムーズに
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

スムーズに (smoothly) is the correct adverb here. It means 'without problems' or 'efficiently'. The sentence means 'If there is someone to moderate, the discussion will proceed smoothly.' This implies a productive and easy flow.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) シンプルに

Means 'simply' or 'plainly'. Does not describe the *flow* of a discussion.

3) ソフトに

Means 'softly' or 'gently'. Does not describe the *efficiency* of a discussion.

4) クリアに

Means 'clearly'. While clarity is good, it doesn't describe the *progress* of the discussion as well as 'smoothly'.

Question 19

19. 転校する日はクラスのみんなと分かれるのが（ ）、涙が止まらなかった。

1.1) にくくて
2.2) つらくて Correct
3.3) 痛ましくて
4.4) 重苦しくて
Correct Answer: 2. 2) つらくて
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

つらくて (tsurakute) is the te-form of 辛い (つらい), meaning 'painful', 'hard', or 'difficult'. The sentence means 'It was so painful to part with everyone in the class on the day I transferred schools that I couldn't stop crying.' This emotion fits the context of crying.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) にくくて

Te-form of 憎い (にくい), 'hateful' or 'detestable'. Does not fit the context of parting with friends.

3) 痛ましくて

Te-form of 痛ましい (いたましい), 'pitiful' or 'heartbreaking'. While related to sadness, つらい more directly expresses personal pain/difficulty.

4) 重苦しくて

Te-form of 重苦しい (おもくるしい), 'heavy' or 'oppressive'. Describes a heavy atmosphere, not the direct emotional pain of parting.

Question 20

20. 自分のやったことがきちんと評価されると、仕事への（ ）も高まる。

1.1) 活気
2.2) 根気
3.3) 意図
4.4) 意欲 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 意欲
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

意欲 (いよく) means 'will', 'desire', or 'motivation'. The sentence means 'When what you've done is properly evaluated, your motivation for work also increases.' This fits the context of feeling more driven after receiving positive feedback.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 活気

Means 'liveliness' or 'vitality'. Not typically used for personal motivation towards work.

2) 根気

Means 'patience' or 'perseverance'. While important for work, it's not what increases with evaluation.

3) 意図

Means 'intention' or 'aim'. Not what increases with evaluation.

Question 21

21. 試験が近くなってきたので、アルバイトはやめて、勉強に（   ）することにした。

1.1) 特定
2.2) 統一
3.3) 専念 Correct
4.4) 注目
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 専念
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

専念 (せんねん) means 'to devote oneself to' or 'to concentrate on'. The sentence means 'Since the exam is approaching, I decided to quit my part-time job and concentrate on studying.' This implies full dedication.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 特定

Means 'specific' or 'identify'. Does not fit the context of dedicating oneself.

2) 統一

Means 'unification' or 'standardization'. Does not fit the context.

4) 注目

Means 'attention' or 'notice'. While one pays attention to studying, 専念 implies a deeper level of dedication.

Question 22

22. 卒業 パーティーには、ちゃんとした（   ）で行ったほうがいいのかな。

1.1) 様子
2.2) 容姿
3.3) 外見
4.4) 格好 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 格好
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

格好 (かっこう) means 'appearance', 'attire', or 'figure'. ちゃんとした格好 (chan to shita kakkou) means 'proper attire' or 'decent appearance'. The sentence means 'I wonder if I should go to the graduation party in proper attire.' This fits the context of dressing appropriately for an event.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 様子

Means 'state', 'appearance', or 'situation'. While it can refer to appearance, 格好 is more specific to clothing/attire.

2) 容姿

Means 'figure' or 'looks' (referring to one's physical appearance). Not typically used for clothing.

3) 外見

Means 'outward appearance'. While similar, 格好 is more natural for 'attire' in this context.

問題5 ＿＿の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

5 questions
Question 23

23. できるだけ早く仕事を<u>済ます</u>ようにします。

1.1) 覚える
2.2) 終える Correct
3.3) 始める
4.4) 教える
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 終える
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

済ます (すます) means 'to finish' or 'to complete'. 終える (おえる) also means 'to finish' or 'to complete', making it the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'I will try to finish the work as quickly as possible.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 覚える

Means 'to remember' or 'to learn'.

3) 始める

Means 'to start'.

4) 教える

Means 'to teach'.

Question 24

24. 昨日のあの人の態度は<u>あいまいだった</u>。

1.1) ていねいだった
2.2) はっきりしなかった Correct
3.3) りっぱだった
4.4) なさけなかった
Correct Answer: 2. 2) はっきりしなかった
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

あいまい (aimai) means 'vague', 'ambiguous', or 'unclear'. はっきりしない (hakkiri shinai) means 'unclear' or 'not definite'. Therefore, はっきりしなかった is the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'That person's attitude yesterday was ambiguous/unclear.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ていねいだった

Means 'was polite'.

3) りっぱだった

Means 'was splendid' or 'was excellent'.

4) なさけなかった

Means 'was pathetic' or 'was regrettable'.

Question 25

25. 昨日、学校で<u>思いがけない</u>出来事があった。

1.1) おもしろい
2.2) 悲しい
3.3) 意外な Correct
4.4) ふしぎな
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 意外な
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

思いがけない (omoigakenai) means 'unexpected' or 'unforeseen'. 意外な (igai na) also means 'unexpected' or 'surprising'. Therefore, 意外な is the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'Yesterday, an unexpected event happened at school.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) おもしろい

Means 'interesting'.

2) 悲しい

Means 'sad'.

4) ふしぎな

Means 'mysterious' or 'strange'.

Question 26

26. 彼は大学を卒業した後、<u>みずから</u>会社を立ち上げる。

1.1) 自分で Correct
2.2) すぐに
3.3) 仲間と
4.4) しばらくして
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 自分で
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

みずから (mizukara) means 'by oneself' or 'personally'. 自分で (jibun de) also means 'by oneself' or 'on one's own'. Therefore, 自分で is the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'After graduating from university, he started a company by himself.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) すぐに

Means 'immediately'.

3) 仲間と

Means 'with friends/colleagues'.

4) しばらくして

Means 'after a while'.

Question 27

27. もう全員<u>そろいました</u>か。

1.1) 集まりました Correct
2.2) 訪ねました
3.3) 出発しました
4.4) 案内しました
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 集まりました
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

そろう (sorou) means 'to be complete', 'to be assembled', or 'to gather'. 集まる (あつまる) means 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. Therefore, 集まりました is the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'Has everyone gathered already?'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 訪ねました

Means 'visited'.

3) 出発しました

Means 'departed'.

4) 案内しました

Means 'guided' or 'showed around'.

問題6 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

5 questions
Question 28

28. 掲示

1.1) 山田氏は有名な科学者で、いくつもの本に研究論文を<u>掲示</u>している。
2.2) テレビでよく<u>掲示</u>されている洗剤が安くなっていたので、試しに買ってみた。
3.3) 最近は名刺に自分の写真を<u>掲示</u>しているビジネスマンも多い。
4.4) マンションの入り口に、水道工事のお知らせが<u>掲示</u>されていた。 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) マンションの入り口に、水道工事のお知らせが<u>掲示</u>されていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

掲示 (けいじ) means 'to post' or 'to put up a notice'. Option 4, 'マンションの入り口に、水道工事のお知らせが<u>掲示</u>されていた。' (A notice about water pipe construction was posted at the entrance of the apartment building.), correctly uses 掲示 in the sense of displaying a public notice.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 山田氏は有名な科学者で、いくつもの本に研究論文を<u>掲示</u>している。

掲示 is not used for publishing research papers in books. 掲載 (けいさい) would be more appropriate.

2) テレビでよく<u>掲示</u>されている洗剤が安くなっていたので、試しに買ってみた。

掲示 is not used for advertising on TV. 宣伝 (せんでん) or 広告 (こうこく) would be more appropriate.

3) 最近は名刺に自分の写真を<u>掲示</u>しているビジネスマンも多い。

掲示 is not used for displaying photos on business cards. 載せる (のせる) or 貼る (はる) would be more appropriate.

Question 29

29. 快い

1.1) 要らないパソコンでしたら、<u>快く</u>もらっていきます。
2.2) 遠慮しないでいつでも<u>快く</u>遊びに来てください。
3.3) 急な仕事だったが、彼が<u>快く</u>引き受けてくれて助かった。 Correct
4.4) 親友の森さんには、どんな悩みも<u>快く</u>打ち明けられる。
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 急な仕事だったが、彼が<u>快く</u>引き受けてくれて助かった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

快い (こころよい) means 'pleasant', 'agreeable', or 'comfortable'. When used as an adverb 快く (こころよく), it means 'willingly' or 'pleasantly'. Option 3, '急な仕事だったが、彼が<u>快く</u>引き受けてくれて助かった。' (It was a sudden job, but he willingly accepted it, which helped a lot.), correctly uses 快く to describe someone's willing and agreeable attitude.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 要らないパソコンでしたら、<u>快く</u>もらっていきます。

快く is not typically used when receiving something unwanted. ありがたく (gratefully) or 遠慮なく (without hesitation) would be more natural.

2) 遠慮しないでいつでも<u>快く</u>遊びに来てください。

快く is not used to invite someone. 遠慮なく (without hesitation) or 自由に (freely) would be more natural.

4) 親友の森さんには、どんな悩みも<u>快く</u>打ち明けられる。

快く is not used to describe one's own feeling when confiding. 安心して (with peace of mind) or 気兼ねなく (without reserve) would be more natural.

Question 30

30. 分野

1.1) 保証の<u>分野</u>を超えた修理に関しては、費用がかかります。
2.2) 明日は朝から冷え込んで、山に近い<u>分野</u>では雪になるそうだ。
3.3) セミナーには心理学や言語学の<u>分野</u>から多数の専門家が参加した。 Correct
4.4) 小説のこの<u>分野</u>には筆者の実際の体験が書かれている。
Correct Answer: 3. 3) セミナーには心理学や言語学の<u>分野</u>から多数の専門家が参加した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

分野 (ぶんや) means 'field', 'area', or 'sphere'. Option 3, 'セミナーには心理学や言語学の<u>分野</u>から多数の専門家が参加した。' (Many specialists from the fields of psychology and linguistics participated in the seminar.), correctly uses 分野 to refer to academic or professional domains.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 保証の<u>分野</u>を超えた修理に関しては、費用がかかります。

分野 is not used for the scope of a warranty. 範囲 (はんい: scope/range) would be more appropriate.

2) 明日は朝から冷え込んで、山に近い<u>分野</u>では雪になるそうだ。

分野 is not used for geographical areas. 地域 (ちいき: region) or 地方 (ちほう: district) would be more appropriate.

4) 小説のこの<u>分野</u>には筆者の実際の体験が書かれている。

分野 is not used for a section or part of a novel. 部分 (ぶぶん: part) or 章 (しょう: chapter) would be more appropriate.

Question 31

31. 生き生き

1.1) 私は体が<u>生き生き</u>しているうちに、あちこち旅行をしたいと思う。
2.2) 子供が熱を出したが、薬を飲ませたらだんだん<u>生き生き</u>してきた。
3.3) 彼は、好きなサッカーをしているときが一番<u>生き生き</u>している。 Correct
4.4) 記憶が<u>生き生き</u>しているので、今なら間違えずに答えることができる。
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 彼は、好きなサッカーをしているときが一番<u>生き生き</u>している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

生き生き (いきいき) is an adverb meaning 'lively', 'vivid', or 'full of life'. Option 3, '彼は、好きなサッカーをしているときが一番<u>生き生き</u>している。' (He is most lively when he is playing his favorite soccer.), correctly uses 生き生き to describe someone's vibrant and energetic state when doing something they enjoy.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 私は体が<u>生き生き</u>しているうちに、あちこち旅行をしたいと思う。

生き生き is not typically used to describe the physical state of one's body in terms of health. 元気 (げんき: healthy/energetic) would be more appropriate.

2) 子供が熱を出したが、薬を飲ませたらだんだん<u>生き生き</u>してきた。

生き生き is not used for recovering from illness. 元気になってきた (げんきになってきた: became energetic/well) would be more appropriate.

4) 記憶が<u>生き生き</u>しているので、今なら間違えずに答えることができる。

生き生き is not used for memories being clear. 鮮明 (せんめい: vivid/clear) or はっきり (clearly) would be more appropriate.

Question 32

32. 隔てる

1.1 )この二つの問題は<u>隔て</u>て考えるべきだ。
2.2) 大きな川が二つの市を<u>隔て</u>ている。 Correct
3.3)5分ほど休憩を<u>隔て</u>て、11時から再開します。
4.4) )試験のときは、隣の人と<u>隔て</u>て座ってください。
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 大きな川が二つの市を<u>隔て</u>ている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

隔てる (へだてる) means 'to separate' or 'to put a distance between'. Option 2, '大きな川が二つの市を<u>隔て</u>ている。' (A large river separates the two cities.), correctly uses 隔てる to describe a physical barrier separating two entities.

Why other options are incorrect:
1 )この二つの問題は<u>隔て</u>て考えるべきだ。

隔てる is not used for separating ideas conceptually. 切り離して (きりはなして: to separate/isolate) or 別々に (べつべつに: separately) would be more appropriate.

3)5分ほど休憩を<u>隔て</u>て、11時から再開します。

隔てる is not used for separating time intervals. 挟んで (はさんで: with X in between) or を置いて (をおいて: with X in between) would be more appropriate.

4) )試験のときは、隣の人と<u>隔て</u>て座ってください。

隔てる is not used for separating people in seating. 間隔を空けて (かんかくをあけて: leaving a space) or 離れて (はなれて: apart) would be more appropriate.

問題7 次の文の( ) に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

12 questions
Question 33

33.Y 遊園地の昨年の入場者数は、1000万人（ ）上った。

1.1) に Correct
2.2) で
3.3) が
4.4) と
Correct Answer: 1. 1) に
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The particle に is used with 上る (のぼる) to indicate the point or level reached. 1000万人<u>に</u>上った means 'reached 10 million people'. The sentence means 'The number of visitors to Y Amusement Park last year reached 10 million people.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) で

で indicates means, location, or cause, not the result of reaching a number.

3) が

が is a subject marker. While 1000万人 could be a subject, it doesn't fit with 上った to mean 'reached'.

4) と

と indicates 'with' or 'and', or a result of a change, but not typically used with 上る in this sense.

Question 34

34. 鉄道会社と自治体による長期間の議論（ ）、新駅の建設が決定された。

1.1) をめぐり
2.2) を込めて
3.3) の末に Correct
4.4) のことで
Correct Answer: 3. 3) の末に
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜の末に (〜のすえに) means 'at the end of ~' or 'after ~'. It indicates that something happened after a long process or effort. The sentence means 'After long-term discussions between the railway company and the local government, the construction of a new station was decided.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) をめぐり

をめぐり means 'concerning' or 'around'. It indicates the topic of discussion, but not the conclusion of it.

2) を込めて

を込めて means 'with (feelings/effort)'. It doesn't fit the context of a decision being made after discussions.

4) のことで

のことで means 'about ~'. It indicates the subject, but not the result of a process.

Question 35

35. 今日は午後から晴れるという予報だったが、午後になっても雨はやまず、むしろ（ ）ばかりだった。

1.1) 強い
2.2) 強く
3.3) 強かった
4.4) 強くなる Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 強くなる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜ばかりだ (〜ばかりだ) means 'to keep on ~ing' or 'to only do ~'. It implies a continuous change in one direction. 強くなるばかりだった means 'it only kept getting stronger'. The sentence means 'The forecast was for clear skies from the afternoon today, but the rain didn't stop even in the afternoon; rather, it only kept getting stronger.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 強い

強い (tsuyoi) is an adjective 'strong'. It cannot directly precede ばかりだった in this context.

2) 強く

強く (tsuyoku) is an adverb 'strongly'. While it can modify a verb, 強くなる is the correct verb form to express the change of becoming stronger.

3) 強かった

強かった (tsuyokatta) is the past tense of the adjective 'strong'. It describes a state, not a continuous change.

Question 36

36. 哲学Ⅱの授業は、哲学Ⅰの単位を取得（ ）、受けることができません。

1.1) してからか
2.2) してからでないと Correct
3.3) してからで
4.4) してからでなくて
Correct Answer: 2. 2) してからでないと
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜てからでないと (〜てからでないと) means 'unless/until one does X, one cannot do Y'. It indicates a prerequisite. The sentence means 'You cannot take Philosophy II class unless you have acquired the credits for Philosophy I.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) してからか

〜してからか is not a standard grammatical pattern for expressing a prerequisite.

3) してからで

〜してからで is incomplete and not a standard grammatical pattern.

4) してからでなくて

〜してからでなくて is grammatically awkward and not the standard way to express this meaning.

Question 37

37. （広告で）</br>現在、数量限定半額セールを実施中。商品が（ ）終了しますので、お早めに。

1.1) なくなり次第 Correct
2.2) なくなった以上
3.3) なくなるうちに
4.4) なくなっては
Correct Answer: 1. 1) なくなり次第
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜次第 (〜しだい) means 'as soon as ~' or 'depending on ~'. In this context, なくなり次第 (なくなりしだい) means 'as soon as it runs out'. The sentence means 'Currently, a limited quantity half-price sale is underway. It will end as soon as the products run out, so please hurry.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) なくなった以上

〜た以上 (〜たいじょう) means 'now that ~' or 'since ~'. It implies a reason or consequence, not an immediate action upon completion.

3) なくなるうちに

〜うちに (〜うちに) means 'while ~' or 'before ~'. It implies doing something before a state changes, not an action triggered by the state changing.

4) なくなっては

〜ては (〜ては) implies a negative consequence or condition. It doesn't fit the context of a sale ending when stock runs out.

Question 38

38. （花屋のホームページで）</br>ご予算に合わせて、花束をお作りします。送料無料で日にち指定の全国発送も（ ）。

1.1) 申し上げます
2.2) 差し上げます
3.3) いただきます
4.4) うけたまわります Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) うけたまわります
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

うけたまわります (uketamawarimasu) is the humble form of 受ける (うける: to receive) or 聞く (きく: to hear/accept). It means 'to accept (an order/request)' or 'to comply with'. In a business context, it's used to humbly state that a service is offered. The sentence means 'We will make bouquets according to your budget. We also accept nationwide shipping with free delivery and specified dates.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 申し上げます

Humble form of 言う (いう: to say). Used for saying something to a superior.

2) 差し上げます

Humble form of あげる (ageru: to give). Used for giving something to a superior.

3) いただきます

Humble form of もらう (morau: to receive) or 食べる/飲む (taberu/nomu: to eat/drink). Used for receiving something from a superior or for eating/drinking.

Question 39

39. 夫「行ってきます。」</br>妻「え？会社、行くの？まだ熱があるんでしょう？」</br> 夫「大事な会議があるから、（ ）んだ。」

1.1) 休んでもおかしくない
2.2) 休みっこない
3.3) 休むわけにはいかない Correct
4.4) 休むほかない
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 休むわけにはいかない
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜わけにはいかない (〜わけにはいかない) means 'cannot (do something) for a certain reason' or 'it's impossible to (do something)'. It implies a strong obligation or circumstance preventing an action. The husband has an important meeting, so he cannot take a day off. The sentence means 'I have an important meeting, so I can't take a day off.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 休んでもおかしくない

休んでもおかしくない means 'it wouldn't be strange to take a day off'. This contradicts the husband's intention to go to work.

2) 休みっこない

休みっこない is a colloquial expression meaning 'no way I'm taking a day off' or 'it's impossible to take a day off'. While similar, わけにはいかない is more formal and common in this context.

4) 休むほかない

休むほかない means 'have no choice but to take a day off'. This contradicts the husband's intention to go to work.

Question 40

40. Ａ「ねえ見て、このゲーム。面白そうだから、買っちゃった。」</br> Ｂ「あ、それって、最近雑誌（ ）よく取り上げられてるゲームでしょう？」

1.1) か何かを
2.2) や何かで Correct
3.3) か何かか
4.4) や何かは
Correct Answer: 2. 2) や何かで
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜や何かで (〜やなにかで) means 'in/by X or something like that'. It's used to give an example and imply other similar things. The sentence means 'Oh, isn't that a game that's often featured in magazines or something like that recently?'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) か何かを

か何かを is grammatically incorrect here. を is an object marker, but the phrase needs to indicate the source/means.

3) か何かか

か何かか is grammatically incorrect. The final か makes it a question, but the sentence structure already has でしょう.

4) や何かは

や何かは is grammatically incorrect. は is a topic marker, but the phrase needs to indicate the source/means.

Question 41

41. 砂糖、塩、酢、しょうゆ、みそ、これらは日本食を作る（ ）調味料です。

1.1) のに欠かせない Correct
2.2) ことは欠かさない
3.3) のを欠かさない
4.4) ことも欠かせない
Correct Answer: 1. 1) のに欠かせない
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜のに欠かせない (〜のにかかせない) means 'indispensable for ~ing'. 欠かせない (かかせない) means 'indispensable' or 'essential'. The sentence means 'Sugar, salt, vinegar, soy sauce, miso – these are indispensable seasonings for making Japanese food.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ことは欠かさない

ことは欠かさない means 'do not fail to do ~'. It refers to a regular action, not an essential item.

3) のを欠かさない

のを欠かさない is grammatically incorrect in this context.

4) ことも欠かせない

ことも欠かせない means 'also indispensable'. While grammatically possible, のに欠かせない is the more direct and natural phrasing for 'indispensable for doing X'.

Question 42

42. うちの犬は、私が（ ）、寂しそうな目で私を見る。

1.1) 出かけるところに
2.2) 出かけようとしたまま
3.3) 出かけるところみたいで
4.4) 出かけようとするたびに Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 出かけようとするたびに
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜たびに (〜たびに) means 'every time ~' or 'whenever ~'. 出かけようとするたびに means 'every time I try to go out'. The sentence means 'Every time I try to go out, my dog looks at me with lonely eyes.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 出かけるところに

出かけるところに means 'just as I'm about to go out' or 'at the place where I go out'. While it indicates timing, it doesn't convey the 'every time' meaning.

2) 出かけようとしたまま

出かけようとしたまま means 'while trying to go out'. It implies remaining in that state, which doesn't fit the dog's repeated action.

3) 出かけるところみたいで

出かけるところみたいで means 'it seems like I'm about to go out'. This is a conjecture, not a repeated action.

Question 43

43. 私は、ストレスは悪い（ ）思っていたので、良いストレスもあると知って驚いた。

1.1) ものだとなんて
2.2) ものだとばかり Correct
3.3) などのことだと
4.4) のみでのことだと
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ものだとばかり
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜ものだとばかり思っていた (〜ものだとばかりおもっていた) means 'I had always thought that X was the only way' or 'I had mistakenly thought that X was the only thing'. It expresses a mistaken belief that something is exclusively a certain way. The sentence means 'I had always thought that stress was only a bad thing, so I was surprised to learn that there is also good stress.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ものだとなんて

ものだとなんて is grammatically awkward and doesn't convey the 'mistaken belief' nuance as strongly.

3) などのことだと

などのことだと means 'things like ~'. It implies examples, not an exclusive belief.

4) のみでのことだと

のみでのことだと is grammatically incorrect.

Question 44

44. 司会者「お二人は、子供が外で遊ばなくなったのはなぜだと思いますか。」</br> 山田「子供が安心して遊べる場所がなくなったからだと思います。」</br> 西川「確かに（ ）が、遊びの種類が変わったことも理由の一つだと思います。」

1.1) そうします
2.2) そのつもりです
3.3) それもあるかもしれません Correct
4.4) それではありません
Correct Answer: 3. 3) それもあるかもしれません
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

それもあるかもしれません (sore mo aru kamoshiremasen) means 'that might also be true' or 'that might also be a reason'. It acknowledges the previous speaker's point while introducing another perspective. The sentence means 'Indeed, that might also be true, but I think the change in types of play is also one of the reasons.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) そうします

そうします means 'I will do so'. It's an action, not an acknowledgment.

2) そのつもりです

そのつもりです means 'I intend to do that'. It's an intention, not an acknowledgment.

4) それではありません

それではありません means 'that is not it'. This is a strong disagreement, which contradicts the '確かに' (certainly/indeed) that precedes it.

問題8 次の文の__★__ に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

5 questions
Question 45

45. この国でサッカー_____ _____ __★__ _____野球だ。

1.1) スポーツ Correct
2.2) に次いで
3.3) といえば
4.4) 人気のある
Correct Answer: 1. 1) スポーツ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct option to fill in __★__ is '1) スポーツ'. The complete and grammatically correct sentence is 「この国でサッカー<u>に次いで</u><u>人気のある</u><u>スポーツ</u><u>といえば</u>野球だ。」. The phrase 〜に次いで (〜についで) means 'following ~' or 'next to ~', 人気のある (にんきのある) means 'popular', and 〜といえば (〜といえば) means 'speaking of ~'. The sentence means 'Speaking of popular sports in this country, next to soccer, it's baseball.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) に次いで

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

3) といえば

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

4) 人気のある

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

Question 46

46. 田中「あれ？木村さん、だいぶ髪が伸びましたね」</br> 木村「ええ、半年前に_____ _____ __★__ _____ないんですよ。」

1.1) きり
2.2) 一度も Correct
3.3) 切って
4.4) 切った
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 一度も
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct option to fill in __★__ is '2) 一度も'. The complete and grammatically correct sentence is 「半年前に<u>切った</u><u>きり</u><u>一度も</u><u>切って</u>ないんですよ。」. * 〜たきり (〜たきり) means 'ever since ~' or 'only after ~'. It implies that a state has continued unchanged since that action. * 一度も〜ない (いちども〜ない) means 'not even once' or 'never'. The sentence means 'Yes, I haven't cut it even once since I cut it half a year ago.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) きり

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

3) 切って

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

4) 切った

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

Question 47

47. 私たちの学校には指導熱心な先生方が多いが、中でも、経験豊富な_____ _______★__ _____信頼も厚い。

1.1) 生徒は
2.2) 山田先生は
3.3) もとより Correct
4.4) 保護者からの
Correct Answer: 3. 3) もとより
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct option to fill in __★__ is '3) もとより'. The complete and grammatically correct sentence is 「経験豊富な<u>山田先生は</u><u>生徒は</u><u>もとより</u><u>保護者からの</u>信頼も厚い。」. * 〜はもとより (〜はもとより) means 'not to mention ~' or 'as well as ~'. It indicates that something is true for X, and also for Y (which is often a more obvious or expected case). The sentence means 'Our school has many enthusiastic teachers, and among them, the experienced Mr. Yamada is highly trusted by students, not to mention parents.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 生徒は

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

2) 山田先生は

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

4) 保護者からの

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

Question 48

48. 宇宙にはこれだけ_____ _____ __★__ _____としても不思議ではないと思う。

1.1) 多くの星がある
2.2) 生物がいた
3.3) のだから
4.4) どこかの星に Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) どこかの星に
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct option to fill in __★__ is '4) どこかの星に'. The complete and grammatically correct sentence is 「宇宙にはこれだけ<u>多くの星がある</u><u>のだから</u><u>どこかの星に</u><u>生物がいた</u>としても不思議ではないと思う。」. * 〜のだから (〜のだから) means 'because ~' or 'since ~'. It indicates a reason or basis. * 〜としても不思議ではない (〜としてもふしぎではない) means 'it wouldn't be strange even if ~'. The sentence means 'Since there are so many stars in the universe, I don't think it would be strange even if there were living creatures on some planet.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 多くの星がある

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

2) 生物がいた

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

3) のだから

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

Question 49

49. 仕事の_____ _____ __★__ _____山田さんと林さんだが、プライベートではとても仲がいい。

1.1) 対立する
2.2) ことの Correct
3.3) 上では
4.4) 多い
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ことの
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct option to fill in __★__ is '2) ことの'. The complete and grammatically correct sentence is 「仕事の<u>上では</u><u>対立する</u><u>ことの</u><u>多い</u>山田さんと林さんだが、プライベートではとても仲がいい。」. * 〜の上では (〜のうえでは) means 'on the surface of ~' or 'in terms of ~'. * 〜ことが多い (〜ことがおおい) means 'often ~' or 'there are many cases where ~'. * 対立する (たいりつする) means 'to conflict' or 'to oppose'. The sentence means 'Mr. Yamada and Mr. Hayashi often conflict in terms of work, but they are very close in their private lives.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 対立する

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

3) 上では

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

4) 多い

This phrase is part of the correct grammatical structure but does not fit into the __★__ slot.

問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、 50 から 54 の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

5 questions

Reading Passage

以下は、留学生が日本事情について書いた文章である。

日本における米食の変化
ヨハンソン　ダグ

日本食というと米の印象が強く、私は、日本人は米を一日三食食べていると思っていた。ところが日本に来てみると、【50】ので驚いた。

ある調査によると、1960年の日本の米の消費量は一人当たり年間約120キロだったが、2010年は約60キロだったという。この50年で米の消費量が半減したわけだ。けれども、50年で一日の食事の回数や総量が半減する【51】 。では、どのような事情で米の消費量が半減したのか。

それにはいくつか【52】があるようだ。その中で私が取り上げたいのは、食の多様化だ。1965年ごろから日本では様々な食物を輸入するようになり、米以外にパンなどを主食としてよく食べるようになった。また、1960年から2010年の50年で、肉の消費量は約5倍に、乳製品は約4倍に増えた。こうした変化の中で、相対的に米の消費量が減少したのだろう。

食の多様化自体は、食卓が豊かになるのだし悪いことではない。【53】、食の多様化に伴う問題も起きているようだ。日本では昔から米や野菜がよく食べられてきたため、日本人の体はそれらの消化に適しており、肉や乳製品の消化が苦手だという。食の変化によって病気になる人も増えているそうだ。日本人が守ってきた伝統的な食文化は、日本人の健康を支えていたのだ。

私の国の食文化も私たちの健康を支えてくれていたのだろうか。日本に来て、その土地に生きる人と食文化とのつながりについて【54】 。
English Summary & Annotations
The passage, written by a foreign student named Dag Johansson, discusses the changes in rice consumption in Japan. The author initially thought Japanese people ate rice three times a day, but was surprised to find that this was not the case. According to a survey, Japan's per capita rice consumption halved from about 120 kg in 1960 to 60 kg in 2010. The author explores the reasons for this decline, highlighting 食の多様化 (しょくのたようか: diversification of food) as a key factor. Since around 1965, Japan started importing various foods, leading to increased consumption of bread and other staples besides rice. Meat consumption increased fivefold and dairy products fourfold between 1960 and 2010, causing a relative decrease in rice consumption. While food diversification itself is not bad as it enriches the dining table, it has also led to problems. The Japanese body, traditionally suited for digesting rice and vegetables, struggles with meat and dairy, leading to an increase in illnesses. The traditional Japanese food culture supported the health of Japanese people. The author concludes by reflecting on whether their own country's food culture also supported their health, and how coming to Japan made them consider the connection between people and their food culture.
Question 50

50

1.1) これではなかった
2.2) それではなかった
3.3) そうではなかった Correct
4.4) こうでもなかった
Correct Answer: 3. 3) そうではなかった
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author expected Japanese people to eat rice three times a day. 「ところが日本に来てみると、【50】ので驚いた。」 (However, when I came to Japan, I was surprised because [50]). The phrase そうではなかった (sou de wa nakatta) means 'it was not so', indicating that their expectation was incorrect. This fits the context of surprise at the reality.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) これではなかった

これ (kore) refers to something close or just mentioned. While grammatically possible, そう (sou) is more natural for referring to a general state or expectation.

2) それではなかった

それ (sore) refers to something previously mentioned. While similar to そう, そう is more commonly used to refer to a general state or fact.

4) こうでもなかった

こう (kou) means 'like this'. こうでもなかった is grammatically awkward and doesn't fit the context.

Question 51

51

1.1) とは思えない Correct
2.2) としか思えない
3.3) とも思われる
4.4) とさえ思う
Correct Answer: 1. 1) とは思えない
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The sentence states: 「けれども、50年で一日の食事の回数や総量が半減する【51】。」 (However, it is [51] that the number of meals per day or total food intake would halve in 50 years). とは思えない (to wa omoenai) means 'it is unthinkable that ~' or 'it is hard to believe that ~'. It expresses the author's disbelief that the overall food intake would halve, implying the decrease in rice consumption must be due to other factors.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) としか思えない

としか思えない means 'can only think that ~'. This implies certainty, which contradicts the author's questioning tone.

3) とも思われる

とも思われる means 'it is also thought that ~'. This is a neutral statement, not expressing the author's disbelief.

4) とさえ思う

とさえ思う means 'I even think that ~'. This implies a strong, perhaps surprising, thought, but doesn't fit the context of questioning the premise.

Question 52

52

1.1) 条件
2.2) 証拠
3.3) 基礎
4.4) 理由 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 理由
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The preceding sentence asks: 「では、どのような事情で米の消費量が半減したのか。」 (So, for what reasons did rice consumption halve?). The following sentence states: 「それにはいくつか【52】があるようだ。」 (It seems there are several [52] for that). 理由 (りゆう) means 'reason'. This directly answers the preceding question and sets up the subsequent explanation of food diversification.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 条件

Means 'condition'. Not appropriate for explaining why something happened.

2) 証拠

Means 'evidence'. While reasons might be supported by evidence, 証拠 itself isn't the direct explanation for the phenomenon.

3) 基礎

Means 'basis' or 'foundation'. Not appropriate for explaining why something happened.

Question 53

53

1.1) 理由
2.2) そのうえ
3.3) だが Correct
4.4) そこで
Correct Answer: 3. 3) だが
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The preceding sentence states: 「食の多様化自体は、食卓が豊かになるのだし悪いことではない。」 (Food diversification itself is not a bad thing, as it enriches the dining table). The following sentence states: 「【53】、食の多様化に伴う問題も起きているようだ。」 ([53], problems associated with food diversification also seem to be occurring). だが (daga) means 'however' or 'but'. It introduces a contrasting idea, fitting the shift from positive aspects of diversification to negative problems.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 理由

Means 'reason'. Does not fit as a conjunction introducing a contrasting point.

2) そのうえ

Means 'in addition' or 'furthermore'. It introduces an additional point, not a contrasting one.

4) そこで

Means 'therefore' or 'so'. It introduces a consequence or next step, not a contrast.

Question 54

54

1.1) 考えたのだろう
2.2) 考えさせられた Correct
3.3) 考えさせていたのだろう
4.4) 考えられていた
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 考えさせられた
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The final sentence is: 「日本に来て、その土地に生きる人と食文化とのつながりについて【54】。」 (Coming to Japan, I was [54] about the connection between people living in that land and their food culture). 考えさせられた (kangaesaserareta) is the causative-passive form of 考える (かんがえる: to think), meaning 'was made to think' or 'was led to think'. This implies that the experience in Japan prompted the author to reflect on this connection.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 考えたのだろう

考えたのだろう means 'I probably thought'. This is a conjecture about one's own past thought, not a direct statement of being influenced.

3) 考えさせていたのだろう

考えさせていたのだろう means 'I was probably making myself think'. This is grammatically awkward and doesn't fit the context of being influenced by an external experience.

4) 考えられていた

考えられていた means 'was thought' (passive). This implies a general thought, not the author's personal reflection being prompted.