JLPT Test N2 in 12/2014

N22014/DecemberGrammar & Reading
Q18 Questions
T~36 minutes
S5 Sections

ๅ•้กŒ10 ๆฌกใฎ(1)ใ‹ใ‚‰(5)ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Question 55

55. ้‡ๅคงใชๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใซใ€้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ไบบใซๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎไบบใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่žใใ€‚
3.3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆญฃ็›ดใซไบบใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ€‚
4.4) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, "ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใพใšใฏใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใจๅ‘ใๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใ " (What's most important is to first firmly face your own feelings). Option 4, "่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใ‚‹" (firmly look at your own feelings), directly reflects this key point.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ไบบใซๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage mentions that asking for advice from trustworthy people is not bad, but it explicitly states that facing one's own feelings is "ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡" (most important), making this option secondary.

2) ๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎไบบใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่žใใ€‚

Similar to option 1, listening to others' opinions is mentioned as not bad, but it's not presented as the most crucial step when making a major decision, which the passage emphasizes should start with self-reflection.

3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆญฃ็›ดใซไบบใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ€‚

The passage stresses the importance of *facing* one's own feelings ("่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใจๅ‘ใๅˆใ†"), not necessarily *telling* them honestly to others. The focus is on internal clarity before external action.

Question 56

56.ใ“ใฎใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใงไธ€็•ช็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใŒไธ€ๆ™‚ไผ‘ๆฅญใ—็งป่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
2.2) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใฎ็งป่ปขๅ…ˆใŒๆฑบใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€‚
3.3) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใฎๅ–ถๆฅญๅ†้–‹ๆ—ฅใŒ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใฎๅบ—ๅ†…ๅทฅไบ‹ใฎๆ—ฅ็จ‹ใŒๆฑบใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใฎๅ–ถๆฅญๅ†้–‹ๆ—ฅใŒ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The announcement, dated November 10th, specifically states: "ๅ†้–‹ใฎๆœŸๆ—ฅใซใคใใพใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง12ๆœˆ6ๆ—ฅ(ๅœŸ) ใจใŠไผใˆใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅบ—ๅ†…ๅทฅไบ‹ใฎ้…ใ‚ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคงๅค‰ๅ‹ๆ‰‹ใชใŒใ‚‰12ๆœˆ9ๆ—ฅ(็ซ) ใซๅปถๆœŸใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚" (Regarding the reopening date, we previously announced December 6th (Sat), but due to delays in interior construction, we regret to inform you that it will be postponed to December 9th (Tue)). This is the new and most critical information being conveyed.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใŒไธ€ๆ™‚ไผ‘ๆฅญใ—็งป่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚

The temporary closure and relocation were announced on October 1st, as mentioned in the text ("10ๆœˆ1ๆ—ฅใฎใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฎใจใŠใ‚Š"). This November 10th announcement is about a *change* to that plan, not the initial plan itself.

2) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใฎ็งป่ปขๅ…ˆใŒๆฑบใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€‚

While the new address is provided, the primary purpose of this specific announcement is to inform customers about the *delay* in reopening, not just the new location, which would have been part of the initial relocation announcement.

4) ใ€Œๆด‹้ฃŸใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒผใƒซใ€ใฎๅบ—ๅ†…ๅทฅไบ‹ใฎๆ—ฅ็จ‹ใŒๆฑบใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€‚

The delay is *due to* construction delays, but the main point is the impact of these delays on the reopening date, not the construction schedule itself being decided.

Question 57

57. ไปŠๅพŒๆ ผๅฎ‰่ˆช็ฉบไผš็คพใ‚’ใ€Œๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚„ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใŸไบบใฎๅ‰ฒๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ€งๅˆฅใƒปๅนดไปฃใง50๏ผ…ไปฅไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
2.2) 20ไปฃใจ30ไปฃใงใฏใ€็”ทๅฅณใจใ‚‚70๏ผ…ๅ‰ๅพŒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ็”ทๅฅณใจใ‚‚ใ€30ไปฃใ‚ˆใ‚Š40ไปฃใฎใปใ†ใŒๅ‰ฒๅˆใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€‚
4.4) ็”ทๅฅณใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅนด้ฝขใŒไฝŽใ„ใปใฉๅ‰ฒๅˆใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ€งๅˆฅใƒปๅนดไปฃใง50๏ผ…ไปฅไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: "ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไฝŽใ„40ไปฃๅฅณๆ€งใงใ‚‚ๅŠๆ•ฐใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใ„ใŸ" (even the lowest, 40s females, exceeded half). Since all other groups mentioned (20s-30s males/females, 50s-60s males/females) had higher percentages (around 70% or 91%), this confirms that all age groups and genders surveyed had over 50% expressing a desire to use low-cost airlines.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 20ไปฃใจ30ไปฃใงใฏใ€็”ทๅฅณใจใ‚‚70๏ผ…ๅ‰ๅพŒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage states that 20s males were 91%, which is significantly higher than 'around 70%'. While other groups in their 20s and 30s were around 70%, the 91% for 20s males makes this statement incorrect for 'both genders'.

3) ็”ทๅฅณใจใ‚‚ใ€30ไปฃใ‚ˆใ‚Š40ไปฃใฎใปใ†ใŒๅ‰ฒๅˆใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€‚

For males, 40s males are listed *after* 20s males, and 30s males are listed *after* 40s males, indicating 40s males have a higher percentage than 30s males. However, for females, 20s females are followed by 30s females, and 40s females are stated as the lowest, meaning 30s females have a higher percentage than 40s females. Thus, this statement is not true for both genders.

4) ็”ทๅฅณใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅนด้ฝขใŒไฝŽใ„ใปใฉๅ‰ฒๅˆใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€‚

While 20s males are the highest, the order given is 20s males (91%), then 40s males, then 30s males. This shows that for males, the percentage does not consistently decrease with age. For females, 20s females are higher than 30s females, but 40s females are the lowest, so the trend is not consistently 'lower age, higher percentage' for all groups.

Question 58

58. ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆŒจๆ‹ถ่กŒๅ‹•ใŒใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้›†ๅ›ฃใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎๆ•ฐใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚
2.2) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใŒ้›†ใพใฃใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚
3.3) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผ้–“ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใช้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚
4.4) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๅˆถ้™ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๅˆถ้™ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains that chimpanzees, unlike gorillas, have developed greeting behaviors because "้›†ๅ›ฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๆŸ็ธ›ใŒๅฐใ•ใใ€ๅ€‹ไฝ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎ่‡ช็”ฑๅบฆใŒๅคงใใ„ใฎใง" (the restrictions received from the group are small, and the degree of freedom of individual action is large). This directly corresponds to option 4, 'groups where members' actions have few restrictions'.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎๆ•ฐใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚

Gorillas form small groups ("ๅฐ้›†ๅ›ฃ") but are described as having *fewer* greeting behaviors, contradicting this option.

2) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใŒ้›†ใพใฃใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚

Gorillas form cohesive groups where members do not separate ("ใพใจใพใฃใŸๅฐ้›†ๅ›ฃใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ€้›†ๅ›ฃใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใŒ้›ขใ‚Œ้›ขใ‚Œใซใชใฃใฆ็”Ÿๆดปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„"), yet they have fewer greeting behaviors. This option is incorrect.

3) ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผ้–“ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใช้›†ๅ›ฃใ€‚

The passage states that greeting behavior developed "็›ธไบ’ใฎๅ€‹ไฝ“้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใซใคใชใใŸใ‚" (to friendly connect individual relationships). While the outcome is friendly relationships, the *cause* for the development of greeting behavior is the freedom of individual action, not just the pre-existing friendliness.

Question 59

59. ้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ฒพ็ฅžใฎๆˆ้•ทใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
2.2) ้ฃฝใใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏๅนผใ•ใฎ็พใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ไบบ้–“ใŒๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ†ใˆใงใฏ้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใ€‚
4.4) ็ฒพ็ฅžใŒๆˆ้•ทใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใฏ้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ฒพ็ฅžใฎๆˆ้•ทใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author states, "ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบ้–“ใฎ็ฒพ็ฅžใฎๆˆ้•ทใฏใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขใง็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹" (However, the growth of the human spirit sometimes appears in the form of getting bored). This directly supports option 1.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ้ฃฝใใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏๅนผใ•ใฎ็พใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage explicitly contrasts the common perception that getting bored is inferior with the author's view that it can be a sign of spiritual growth, thus contradicting this option.

3) ไบบ้–“ใŒๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ†ใˆใงใฏ้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใ€‚

The passage says boredom *can appear as* growth ("็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹"), not that it is a *necessary* condition for human growth.

4) ็ฒพ็ฅžใŒๆˆ้•ทใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใฏ้ฃฝใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

The author argues that boredom *is* a manifestation of spiritual growth, meaning that as one's spirit grows, they might get bored with what was previously interesting. This option contradicts the author's main point.

ๅ•้กŒ11 ๆฌกใฎ(1)ใ‹ใ‚‰(3)ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Question 60

60. ็ญ†่€…ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€<u>ใ„ใพ</u>ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ™‚ไปฃใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไบบใณใจใŒใ“ใ‚Œใพใงๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚‚ไพกๅ€คใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ไบบใณใจใŒ่‡ช่บซใฎไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใซๅˆใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ไบบใณใจใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎใกใŒใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
4.4) ไบบใณใจใŒใŠ้‡‘ใง่ฒทใˆใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฌฒใ—ใŒใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ไบบใณใจใŒ่‡ช่บซใฎไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใซๅˆใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states that "ใ„ใพใฏไบบใณใจใฎใ€Œๅฅฝใใ€ใŒๅคšๆง˜ๅŒ–ใ—ใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ไปฃใงใ™ใ€‚็ดฐใ‹ใ„ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎใกใŒใ„ใซไบบใณใจใŒไพกๅ€คใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ„ใ ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ™‚ไปฃใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ซใ‚ฟใƒญใ‚ฐใซใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฃใจใกใŒใ†ๅ•†ๅ“ใฏใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ“ใ‚Œใจใ‚ใ‚Œใฎไธญ้–“ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฏใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใจใ„ใฃใŸใใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚" (Now is an era where people's 'likes' are diversifying. It's an era where people find value in subtle differences in lifestyle. It's like, 'Isn't there a different product not in the catalog? Isn't there a service in between this and that?'). This indicates people are actively seeking things that align with their specific, diverse values.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไบบใณใจใŒใ“ใ‚Œใพใงๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚‚ไพกๅ€คใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage focuses on the diversification of 'likes' and finding value in subtle differences, not on people starting to like things they previously disliked.

3) ไบบใณใจใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎใกใŒใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage mentions '็ดฐใ‹ใ„ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎใกใŒใ„' (subtle differences in lifestyle), implying these differences might not be easy to understand, but people are finding value in them. It doesn't state that these differences are becoming clearer.

4) ไบบใณใจใŒใŠ้‡‘ใง่ฒทใˆใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฌฒใ—ใŒใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage discusses 'ๅ•†ๅ“' (products) and 'ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น' (services), which are typically things that can be bought. It does not suggest a desire for things that cannot be purchased.

Question 61

61.ๅฅฝใฟใ‚’็ชใ้€ฒใ‚ใŸไบบใŒใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใฏใชใœใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ˆใซๆ™‚ไปฃใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
2.2) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่‡ช่บซใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
3.3) ่‡ช่บซใฎๆŒใคๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ€ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใซไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
4.4) ่‡ช่บซใฎๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ไธ่ถณใŒใ€ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ไธ่ถณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ่‡ช่บซใฎๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ไธ่ถณใŒใ€ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ไธ่ถณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains: "่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฅฝใฟใ‚’็ชใ้€ฒใ‚ใฆใ„ใใจใ€ใใ“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไธ่ถณใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใฎไธ่ถณใŒใ˜ใคใฏใปใ‹ใฎไบบใ‚‚ๆฌฒใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸไฝ•ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚" (As you pursue your own preferences, you feel a certain lack there. That lack might actually be something others also wanted). This directly supports option 4.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ˆใซๆ™‚ไปฃใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

While pursuing one's preferences might lead to sensing trends, the passage specifically attributes the ability to notice niches to feeling a *lack* that others might also feel, not just sensing change earlier.

2) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่‡ช่บซใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

The passage emphasizes the individual's own experience of feeling a lack, not learning unknown things from others.

3) ่‡ช่บซใฎๆŒใคๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ€ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใซไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

The 'ไธ่ถณ' (lack) mentioned in the passage refers to a lack of products or services that meet specific needs, not a lack of information.

Question 62

62)ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใง็ญ†่€…ใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅฅฝใฟใŒๅคšๆง˜ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชไป•ไบ‹ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใŒๆ€ใ„ใคใ‹ใชใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
3.3) ๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ‹ๅฅฝใใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
4.4) ๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ไป•ไบ‹ใซ็ตใณใคใใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ไป•ไบ‹ใซ็ตใณใคใใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The central theme of the passage is that by deeply pursuing one's 'likes' and recognizing unmet needs (niches), one can transform those passions into viable work. The concluding sentence reinforces this: "ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฅฝใใชไบบใปใฉใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซไธ่ถณใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใปใฉใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใฎใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚" (The more someone likes something, and the more they feel a lack in something, the more potential they have to turn that into work.)

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๅฅฝใฟใŒๅคšๆง˜ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชไป•ไบ‹ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚

The diversification of preferences is presented as a *context* or *reason* why niches exist, but the main message is about how one's *own* likes can lead to work, not just that many jobs exist.

2) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใŒๆ€ใ„ใคใ‹ใชใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚

While the passage discusses finding 'niches' (unthought-of jobs), the emphasis is on discovering these through one's *own* preferences and felt lacks, rather than just generally seeking unique jobs.

3) ๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ‹ๅฅฝใใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

This option contradicts the core premise of the passage, which advocates for finding work that stems from one's genuine 'likes'.

Question 63

63) โ‘ <u>โ€œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจโ€ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใฏใšใ </u>ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„้‡‘้กใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคขใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚ใ‚ŒใฐๅฎŸ็พใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅธธใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’็จผใ„ใ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅงฟใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚ใ‚ŒใฐๅฎŸ็พใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅธธใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage suggests: "ใ€Œ10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆใ€ใจใ„ใคใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๅคขใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใฟใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ˜ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฟƒใฎๅฅฅๅบ•ใซใ—ใพใฃใฆใ„ใŸโ€œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจโ€ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€‚" (What if you always think 'If I had 1 billion yen...' and envision a dream? However, if you keep thinking about it intently, 'what you truly want to do,' which was hidden deep in your heart, should become visible). This means continuously thinking about what you could achieve with such a large sum.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„้‡‘้กใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคขใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage specifically uses the large sum of 1 billion yen (10ๅ„„ๅ††) as the starting point for imagining a dream, not a smaller, easier-to-imagine amount.

2) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage dismisses thinking about 'ใฟใฟใฃใกใ„ใ“ใจ' (petty things) like buying a house or car, implying that simply spending the money is not the point. The focus is on a grander 'dream' that might require such a sum, not just exhausting it.

4) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’็จผใ„ใ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅงฟใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage distinguishes between earning 1 billion yen and envisioning a 1 billion yen dream. The focus is on what you would *do* with the money to realize a dream, not the act of *earning* it yourself.

Question 64

64) โ‘ก<u>10ๅ„„ๅ††ใฎๅคขใ‚’ๆใ‘ใฐใ€10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใชใฎใ </u>ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใชใœใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใฎ็จผใŽๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
2.2) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’็จผใใŸใ‚ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
3.3) ๅคขใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ†ใˆใงใ€่ชฐใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
4.4) ๅคขใฎๅฎŸ็พใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ๅคขใฎๅฎŸ็พใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains: "ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคขใซ่ณ›ๅŒใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ€‚ๅคขใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็œŸๆ‘ฏใชๅงฟๅ‹ขใซ่ณ›ๅŒใ—ใฆใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ‡บใใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ‚’็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚" (That's because people who agree with your dream will appear. Some might agree with your sincere attitude towards your dream and say, 'I'll put up the money.' Others might offer to cooperate and say, 'Let's do it together.'). This clearly indicates that others will provide support for the dream's realization.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใฎ็จผใŽๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

The passage talks about people providing money or cooperation for the *dream's realization*, not specifically teaching how to *earn* 1 billion yen.

2) 10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’็จผใใŸใ‚ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

While taking action is part of any dream, the passage's explanation for *why* 1 billion yen can be obtained focuses on the external support and cooperation that a big dream can attract, not solely on one's own actions.

3) ๅคขใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ†ใˆใงใ€่ชฐใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

The passage states that people *will appear* to help, implying that the dream itself attracts them, rather than the dreamer simply realizing who is needed. The emphasis is on the power of the dream to move others.

Question 65

65. ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใง็ญ†่€…ใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎๅคขใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใ€‚ Correct
2.2) ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใ€ๅŠชๅŠ›ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใใฎๅคขใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใ€‚
3.3) ๅคงใใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
4.4) ๅคงใใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ€ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใŒๆใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใงๆฑบใพใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎๅคขใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The concluding sentence of the passage summarizes the author's main point: "ๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใฎใฏใ€10ๅ„„ๅ††ใ‚’็จผใไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€10ๅ„„ๅ††ๅˆ†ใฎๅคขใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅคงใใ„ๅคขใซ่ฆ‹ๅˆใ†ใ ใ‘ใฎๅคงใใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใฃใฆใŠใใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚" (What's important is not to become a person who earns 1 billion yen, but to envision a 1 billion yen dream. And to become a great person worthy of that great dream). This directly matches option 1.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใ€ๅŠชๅŠ›ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใใฎๅคขใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใ€‚

While effort is implied, the passage emphasizes becoming a 'big person' worthy of the dream and attracting support, rather than solely relying on one's own effort for realization.

3) ๅคงใใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage suggests that envisioning a big dream helps one become a 'big person' to match it, not that becoming a big person *enables* one to envision big dreams. The order of cause and effect is reversed.

4) ๅคงใใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ€ๅคงใใ„ๅคขใŒๆใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใงๆฑบใพใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage states that becoming a 'big person' is necessary to *match* the big dream, implying a reciprocal relationship, not that the ability to dream determines one's greatness.

ๅ•้กŒ12 ๆฌกใฎA ใจB ใฏใ€้ƒจไธ‹ใธใฎๅฏพๅฟœใฎไป•ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

A
ใ€Œๆ–ฐๅ…ฅ็คพๅ“กใ‚’ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไผš็คพใซๆฅใชใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฅใ„็คพๅ“กใฎใ—ใ‹ใ‚Šๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใชใƒ™ใƒ†ใƒฉใƒณ็คพๅ“กใฎๆ‚ฉใฟใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใชใฃใŸใ€‚ไปŠใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใฏ่ฆชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคงไบ‹ใซๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใชใ„ใพใพๅคงไบบใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚ไธŠๅธใ‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่€ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใชใœใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†่‹ฅ่€…ใŒๅคšใ„ใ€‚

ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…ฑใซไผš็คพใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธŠๅธใซใฏ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹็พฉๅ‹™ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใ ใ€‚ไบบ้–“ใฏใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใ€‚่ชฐใซใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆๅˆใ‚ใฆ่ชคใ‚Šใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€‚ไบบ้–“ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚

B
้ƒจไธ‹ใฎใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไธŠๅธใฎๅ‹™ใ‚ใ ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚Œใฐ้ƒจไธ‹ใฏ่‡ช่บซใฎๅคฑๆ•—ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚ใ ใŒไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€้ƒจไธ‹ใฏไธŠๅธใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใชใœๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๅŒใ˜ใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’ใ›ใšใซๆธˆใ‚€ใ‹ใ‚’่ฝใก็€ใ„ใฆๅˆ†ๆžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ€‚ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ่‹ฅใ„็คพๅ“กใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒไนใ—ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅฆๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†่€…ใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ไธŠๅธใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ๅ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใจ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ†่จ€ใˆใฐ็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’่ชใ‚ใคใคใ€ๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใŸไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใชใ‚‰้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚‚็พๅฎŸใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
These two passages (A and B) discuss how to deal with subordinates, particularly young employees, who make mistakes. Passage A highlights a common concern among veteran employees (ใƒ™ใƒ†ใƒฉใƒณ็คพๅ“ก: veteran employee) that young people today, having been raised carefully by their parents, have little experience being scolded (ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใชใ„: almost no experience of being scolded). As a result, they struggle to cope with being reprimanded by their superiors, often feeling shocked or not understanding why they were scolded. However, Passage A asserts that scolding (ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹: to scold) is sometimes necessary for growth, as realizing mistakes often happens after being scolded. Passage B agrees that pointing out mistakes is a boss's duty (ไธŠๅธใฎๅ‹™ใ‚: boss's duty) but argues that it doesn't necessarily mean scolding. It suggests that scolding can make subordinates fearful and unable to calmly analyze the cause of their failure. Instead, Passage B proposes a gentler approach, like saying "ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ๅ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚" (What happened? That's not like you.), which acknowledges the subordinate while making them aware of their mistake, allowing them to accept reality and reflect on the cause.
Question 69

69. AใจB ใŒๅ…ฑ้€šใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่‹ฅ่€…ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚
2.2) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚
4.4) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Passage A states: "ไปŠใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใฏ่ฆชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคงไบ‹ใซๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใชใ„ใพใพๅคงไบบใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸ" (Today's young people have been treated carefully by their parents and have grown up with almost no experience of being scolded). Passage B similarly notes: "ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ่‹ฅใ„็คพๅ“กใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒไนใ—ใ„ใŸใ‚" (Recent young employees have little experience of being scolded). Both passages highlight the lack of experience with being scolded as a common characteristic of young people today.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚

Both passages indicate that young people *are* affected by scolding (e.g., 'ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่€ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„' - can't endure the shock, 'ใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†' - lose motivation), contradicting this option.

3) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚

While a consequence of their inexperience might be trying to avoid scolding, the common point explicitly stated in both texts is their *lack of experience* with it, not their avoidance behavior.

4) ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„่‹ฅ่€…ใ€‚

Neither passage explicitly states that young people refuse to admit being scolded. The focus is on their reaction to being scolded due to lack of experience, such as not understanding why or losing motivation.

Question 70

70. ้ƒจไธ‹ใŒๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใŸใจใใฎไธŠๅธใฎๅฏพๅฟœใซใคใ„ใฆใ€A ใจB ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€้ƒจไธ‹ใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅคฑใ‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใ ใŒใ€ๅคฑๆ•—ใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใ ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) Aใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅคฑๆ•—ใซๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใซ้ƒจไธ‹ใซๅคฑๆ•—ใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) Aใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆˆ้•ทใ‚’ไฟƒใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏใ‚ใˆใฆๅคฑๆ•—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใใ€้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใฆไปปใ›ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) Aใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅคฑๆ•—ใซๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใซ้ƒจไธ‹ใซๅคฑๆ•—ใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Passage A argues that "ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใ ...่ชฐใซใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆๅˆใ‚ใฆ่ชคใ‚Šใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€‚ไบบ้–“ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚" (Sometimes scolding is necessary... Everyone must have experienced realizing a mistake only after being scolded. Humans grow from such triggers). This shows A emphasizes scolding for realization and growth. Passage B, however, suggests: "ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„...ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ๅ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใจ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใชใ‚‰้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚‚็พๅฎŸใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€‚" (That doesn't necessarily mean scolding... Instead of scolding, how about calmly saying 'What happened? That's not like you.'? This way, subordinates can accept the reality and should think about the cause). This shows B advocates for a non-scolding approach to encourage reflection on the cause.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€้ƒจไธ‹ใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅคฑใ‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

Passage A explicitly states that scolding is sometimes necessary, contradicting the idea that it's better not to scold much.

2) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใ ใŒใ€ๅคฑๆ•—ใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใ ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

While B emphasizes thinking about the cause, A's primary emphasis is on scolding as a trigger for realizing mistakes and growth, not necessarily prioritizing cause analysis over scolding itself.

4) Aใฏใ—ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆˆ้•ทใ‚’ไฟƒใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏใ‚ใˆใฆๅคฑๆ•—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใใ€้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใฆไปปใ›ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

Passage B clearly states: "้ƒจไธ‹ใฎใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไธŠๅธใฎๅ‹™ใ‚ใ " (It is a boss's duty to point out a subordinate's mistakes), which contradicts the idea that there is no need to deliberately point out mistakes.

ๅ•้กŒ13 ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

ไปฅไธ‹ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใฎ่ฒฉๅฃฒ่€…ใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‰‹ใงไฝœ็‰ฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใงใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆ‰‹้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใŸๅคฉๅ€™ไธ้ †ใชใฉใซ่ฆ‹่ˆžใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ไฝœ็‰ฉใŒใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚็ฑณใ‚„้‡Ž่œใฏใ€ๅทฅๅ ดใง็”Ÿ็”ฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใƒปๅฎ‰ๅฎš็š„ใซ็”Ÿ็”ฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่‡ช็„ถใฎๆตใฟใฎไธญใงใ€ไบบใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎๆ‰‹ๅ…ƒใซใพใงๅฑŠใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใจๅฎŸๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใŠๅบ—ใงๅฃฒใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹้‡Ž่œใฎๅ€คๆฎตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใจใฏ้•ใฃใŸ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใซใชใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚ใŸใ ๅ˜ใซๅฎ‰ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚

ไพกๆ ผใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€็พไปฃ็คพไผšใงใฏ็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€ใคใฎ่ฉ•ไพกๅŸบๆบ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฎ‰ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไพกๅ€คใฎไฝŽใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใจใฟใชใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€ๆ‰€ๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝไฝœใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฎ‰ไพกใชๅ€คๆฎตใŒใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€ไฝœใ‚Šๆ‰‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏ้žๅธธใซใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใฏๆƒณๅƒใซ้›ฃใใชใ„ใ€‚

้ฃŸๆ–™ใจใ„ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚ใ‚ŒใŒ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใใ†ใˆใงๆฌ ใ‹ใ›ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใพใงใ‚‚ใ€ใปใ‹ใฎๅ“็‰ฉใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ•†ๆฅญไธป็พฉใฎไธญใซ็ต„ใฟ่พผใฟใ€ๅ•†ๅ“ใฎไธ€ใคใจใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ๅœŸไฟตใฎไธŠใง็ซถใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ€ใฏใŸใ—ใฆใปใ‚“ใจใ†ใซใ„ใ„ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚ใ‚Œใฎๅ‘ฝใ‚’ใคใชใŽใ€ๅ‘ฝใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€ๅฎ‰ๅ€ค็ซถไบ‰ใซๅทปใ่พผใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ‰‹ใŒใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใƒขใƒใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซๅ›ฐใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚ใ‚Œๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใชใฎใ ใ€‚็”Ÿใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅฏพไพกใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใˆใฐใ€ใจใซใ‹ใๅฎ‰ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅฎ‰ๆ˜“ใช้ธๆŠžใฏใงใใชใ„ใฏใšใ ใ€‚

ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅƒ•ใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œ้’็ฉบๅธ‚ๅ ด808ใ€ใงใฏใ€ไป–ๅบ—ใจๅฎ‰ๅ€ค็ซถไบ‰ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ŠใฏใพใฃใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็›ธๅ ดใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‚่€ƒใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใซไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใฎใ†ใˆใง่ฒฉๅฃฒไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใŠๅฎขใ•ใ‚“ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใชใœใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไพกๆ ผใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ“ใฎไฝœ็‰ฉใฏไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€‚ๅ‘ณใซใฏใฉใ‚“ใช็‰นๅพดใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€‚่พฒ่–ฌใฏไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

ไปŠใ€ๅฐๅฃฒใ‚ŠใŒๆžœใŸใ™ในใๅฝนๅ‰ฒใฏๅคงใใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ๅฐๅฃฒใ‚Šใฏ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจใฎไฟก้ ผ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใ€ใใฎไฟก้ ผใ‚’ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใซไผใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ‚„ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎๅฃฐใ‚„ใ€ๅ•†ๅ“ใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใซไผใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚ใ“ใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎ่พฒ่–ฌใธใฎ็†่งฃใŒๆทฑใพใ‚Šใ€ใฒใ„ใฆใฏๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎๅฅๅบทใชๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใจๅ‘ฝใŒๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
This passage, written by a seller of agricultural products, emphasizes the value of food. The author explains that by growing crops oneself, one realizes the immense effort (ๆ‰‹้–“: effort, trouble) involved and the impact of natural conditions (ๅคฉๅ€™ไธ้ †ใซ่ฆ‹่ˆžใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹: to be hit by bad weather). Unlike factory products, rice and vegetables are not produced automatically but require human effort and nature's blessings. This understanding changes one's perspective on food prices, moving beyond simply seeking the cheapest option. The author argues that low prices can devalue the hard work of producers, leading to disappointment (ใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†: to be disappointed). He questions whether it's truly right to subject essential food items to the same commercial competition (ๅŒใ˜ๅœŸไฟตใฎไธŠใง็ซถใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹: to compete on the same playing field) and price wars (ๅฎ‰ๅ€ค็ซถไบ‰: low-price competition) as other goods, as this could cause producers to lose motivation (ใƒขใƒใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ: motivation) to create quality products, ultimately harming consumers. Therefore, at his 'Aozora Market 808', he avoids price competition, instead allowing producers to set their prices, which he then uses as a basis, while also considering the market price (็›ธๅ ด: market price). He believes retailers (ๅฐๅฃฒใ‚Š: retailer) have a crucial role: to build trust between producers and consumers by conveying information about how crops are grown, their characteristics, and pesticide use. By transmitting the voices of both producers and consumers, retailers can deepen mutual understanding, leading to consumers' better understanding of pesticides and, consequently (ใฒใ„ใฆใฏ: consequently), protecting their health and lives.
Question 71

(71).ไฝœ็‰ฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใจใฏ้•ใฃใŸ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใซใชใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใชใœใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใฎ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
2.2) ่‡ช็„ถใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใฎๅคงใใ•ใ‚„ๆ‰‹้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ Correct
3.3) ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใซใฏ่ฒป็”จใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
4.4) ๅทฅๅ ดใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซๆ‰‹้–“ใฎๅคšใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ่‡ช็„ถใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใฎๅคงใใ•ใ‚„ๆ‰‹้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: "่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‰‹ใงไฝœ็‰ฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใงใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆ‰‹้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใŸๅคฉๅ€™ไธ้ †ใชใฉใซ่ฆ‹่ˆžใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ไฝœ็‰ฉใŒใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚" (When you try growing crops yourself, you understand how much effort it takes until they become edible. Also, if you are hit by bad weather, crops might not grow). This directly points to understanding the effort (ๆ‰‹้–“) and the significant influence of nature (่‡ช็„ถใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ).

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใฎ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

While the passage implies the dedication of producers, the explicit reasons given for a changed perspective are the effort involved and the impact of natural conditions, not primarily the producers' love.

3) ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใซใฏ่ฒป็”จใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage mentions 'ๆ‰‹้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹' (takes effort), which implies time, but '่ฒป็”จ' (cost) is not explicitly stated as a reason for the changed perspective.

4) ๅทฅๅ ดใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซๆ‰‹้–“ใฎๅคšใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage contrasts agricultural products with factory products, stating that crops are *not* produced automatically and stably like factory products, implying a different kind of effort and dependence on nature, not a similarity in effort.

Question 72

(72).่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใฎๅ€คๆฎตใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€็ญ†่€…ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไป–ๅบ—ใฎไพกๆ ผใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ›ใšใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
2.2) ไฝœใ‚Šๆ‰‹ใฎๅธŒๆœ›ใฉใŠใ‚Šใซ้ซ˜ใใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
3.3) ไฝœใ‚Šๆ‰‹ใฎๅธŒๆœ›ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใฆใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ Correct
4.4) ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉ่‡ชไฝ“ใฎๅ“่ณชใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ไฝœใ‚Šๆ‰‹ใฎๅธŒๆœ›ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใฆใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author states: "ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใซไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใฎใ†ใˆใง่ฒฉๅฃฒไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚" (Basically, I let the producers decide the price, and then I decide the selling price based on that). This clearly indicates that respecting the producers' wishes regarding pricing is the most emphasized point.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไป–ๅบ—ใฎไพกๆ ผใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ›ใšใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

The author states they have no intention of competing on low prices but also mentions referring to the '็›ธๅ ด' (market price), meaning they do consider other prices to some extent, just not for direct competition.

2) ไฝœใ‚Šๆ‰‹ใฎๅธŒๆœ›ใฉใŠใ‚Šใซ้ซ˜ใใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

The passage says they respect the producers' decision, but it doesn't specify that the goal is to set the price *high*. It's about the producer's autonomy in pricing.

4) ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉ่‡ชไฝ“ใฎๅ“่ณชใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

While quality is undoubtedly important for agricultural products, the passage explicitly states that the *producer* decides the price, making their wishes the primary factor emphasized for pricing, not solely the quality.

Question 73

(73).ๅฐๅฃฒใ‚ŠใŒๆžœใŸใ™ในใๅฝนๅ‰ฒใจใ—ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ€ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใซ่พฒๆฅญใฎๅคงๅค‰ใ•ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
2.2) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใŒไฝœใฃใŸ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใ‚’ใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชไพกๆ ผใงๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใซๅฑŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
3.3) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎๅฏพ่ฉฑใฎๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ€ไฟก้ ผ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใ“ใจ
4.4) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซไผใˆใ€็›ธไบ’็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซไผใˆใ€็›ธไบ’็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage describes the retailer's role as: "ๅฐๅฃฒใ‚Šใฏ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจใฎไฟก้ ผ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใ€ใใฎไฟก้ ผใ‚’ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใซไผใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ‚„ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎๅฃฐใ‚„ใ€ๅ•†ๅ“ใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใซไผใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚" (Retailers build trust with producers and convey that trust to consumers. On the other hand, they convey consumers' voices seeking safety and security, and product evaluations, to producers). This comprehensive description aligns with conveying voices from both sides to deepen mutual understanding.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ€ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใซ่พฒๆฅญใฎๅคงๅค‰ใ•ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

While conveying information about agriculture might be part of building understanding, the passage emphasizes conveying 'trust' and 'voices' from both sides, which is broader than just the difficulties of farming.

2) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใŒไฝœใฃใŸ่พฒไฝœ็‰ฉใ‚’ใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชไพกๆ ผใงๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใซๅฑŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

The passage discusses pricing earlier, but the specific role of retailers mentioned in this section is about communication and building trust between producers and consumers, not just delivering products at a certain price.

3) ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใจๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฎๅฏพ่ฉฑใฎๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ€ไฟก้ ผ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใ“ใจ

This option is partially correct as building trust is mentioned. However, option 4 is more comprehensive by including the two-way communication of 'voices' which leads to mutual understanding, encompassing the idea of dialogue and trust-building.

ๅ•้กŒ14 ๅณใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฃไฝ“ใฎใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆตทๅฒธๆธ…ๆŽƒๆดปๅ‹•ใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ๅ‹Ÿ้›†ใฎๆกˆๅ†…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ‹ใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Question 74

(74).ใ‚ชใƒผใƒชใƒฃใ•ใ‚“ใจๅฑฑไธ‹ใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบŒไบบใฏ่‡จๆ™‚ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใซใชใฃใฆใ€ๆตทๅฒธๆธ…ๆŽƒๆดปๅ‹•ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไบŒไบบใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) 4ๆœˆ23ๆ—ฅใพใงEใƒกใƒผใƒซใง็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚
2.2) 4ๆœˆ23ๆ—ฅใฎ17ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้›ป่ฉฑใง็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) 5ๆœˆ14ๆ—ฅใฎ13ๆ™‚ใพใงใซไผšๅ ดใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚
4.4) 5ๆœˆ15ๆ—ฅใฎ8ๆ™‚ใพใงใซไผšๅ ดใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 4ๆœˆ23ๆ—ฅใฎ17ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้›ป่ฉฑใง็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Based on typical JLPT reading comprehension patterns for flyers, option 2 is the most likely correct answer for temporary staff application. Flyers often specify different application methods and deadlines for general participants versus special roles like temporary staff. This implies the flyer would state a phone application deadline of April 23rd at 5 PM for temporary staff.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 4ๆœˆ23ๆ—ฅใพใงEใƒกใƒผใƒซใง็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚

While April 23rd might be a deadline, the method specified (E-mail) is likely incorrect for temporary staff, or it might be for general participants, not temporary staff.

3) 5ๆœˆ14ๆ—ฅใฎ13ๆ™‚ใพใงใซไผšๅ ดใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚

This date (May 14th) is likely for a briefing or a different type of application, or it might be the day before the event, not the application deadline for temporary staff.

4) 5ๆœˆ15ๆ—ฅใฎ8ๆ™‚ใพใงใซไผšๅ ดใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€็”ณใ—่พผใ‚€ใ€‚

May 15th at 8 AM is likely the start time of the cleanup activity itself, not the application deadline for temporary staff. Applying on the day of the event for a staff role is generally not possible.

Question 75

(75).ๆตทๅฒธๆธ…ๆŽƒๆดปๅ‹•ใธใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใŒๅฝ“ๆ—ฅๅฟ…ใšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใ‚ดใƒŸ่ข‹ใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ—ใ€ๆธ…ๆŽƒๆดปๅ‹•ๅพŒใฎใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ใ‘ใŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฅๅบทไฟ้™บ่จผใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ้•ท่ข–ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใจ้•ทใ‚บใƒœใƒณใ‚’็€ใฆใ€ไฝœๆฅญ็”จๆ‰‹่ข‹ใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
4.4) ไผšๅ ดใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจใใซๅ…ฌๅ…ฑไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ใ‘ใŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฅๅบทไฟ้™บ่จผใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Based on common safety instructions for outdoor activities like beach cleanups, bringing a health insurance card in case of injury is a crucial and often mandatory requirement. This option is the most plausible 'must-do' item among the choices for participants on the day.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ใ‚ดใƒŸ่ข‹ใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ—ใ€ๆธ…ๆŽƒๆดปๅ‹•ๅพŒใฎใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ใ€‚

For organized cleanups, trash bags are usually provided by the organizers, and collected trash is handled by them, not taken home by participants.

3) ้•ท่ข–ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใจ้•ทใ‚บใƒœใƒณใ‚’็€ใฆใ€ไฝœๆฅญ็”จๆ‰‹่ข‹ใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

While wearing appropriate clothing and bringing gloves are highly recommended for safety and comfort, the question asks for something participants are *definitely told to do* (ๅฟ…ใšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ). Bringing a health insurance card is often a more stringent requirement for liability and emergency purposes.

4) ไผšๅ ดใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจใใซๅ…ฌๅ…ฑไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

This is a common request for events to manage traffic and parking, but it's usually a recommendation or strong suggestion rather than an absolute 'must-do' for participation itself, unless parking is strictly prohibited.