2015/12 JLPT N2 Letters and Vocabulary,Grammar test
言語知識(文字・語彙・文法)・読解
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問題1___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びな さい。
1. 迷惑なメールの受信を<u>拒否</u>したい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
拒否 (きょひ) is the correct reading for the kanji 拒否, which means 'rejection' or 'refusal'. The sentence means 'I want to refuse receiving annoying emails.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 拒否.
This is an incorrect reading for 拒否. きょうふ (恐怖) means 'fear'.
This is an incorrect reading for 拒否.
2. 鈴木選手は試合の後、多くの記者に<u>囲まれて</u>質問を受けていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
囲まれて (かこまれて) is the passive form of 囲む (かこむ), meaning 'to surround'. The sentence means 'After the game, Suzuki was surrounded by many reporters and received questions.'
Why other options are incorrect:
つつまれて is the reading for 包まれて, meaning 'to be wrapped'.
はさまれて is the reading for 挟まれて, meaning 'to be caught between' or 'to be sandwiched'.
つかまれて is the reading for 捕まれて, meaning 'to be caught' or 'to be arrested'.
3. 何とか<u>損害</u>を最小限に抑えることができた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
損害 (そんがい) is the correct reading for the kanji 損害, which means 'damage' or 'loss'. The sentence means 'Somehow, we were able to minimize the damage.'
Why other options are incorrect:
さいかい is the reading for 再会 (reunion) or 災害 (disaster), not 損害.
This is an incorrect reading for 損害.
This is an incorrect reading for 損害.
4. この<u>現象</u>は、これまでの理論では説明ができない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
現象 (げんしょう) is the correct reading for the kanji 現象, which means 'phenomenon'. The sentence means 'This phenomenon cannot be explained by existing theories.'
Why other options are incorrect:
げんそう is the reading for 幻想 (illusion) or 幻像 (phantom image), not 現象.
げんぞう is the reading for 現像 (developing film) or 原像 (original image), not 現象.
げんじょう is the reading for 現状 (current situation) or 現場 (actual spot), not 現象.
5. 私は今まで人を<u>憎い</u>と思ったことがない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
憎い (にくい) is the correct reading for the kanji 憎い, which means 'hateful' or 'detestable'. The sentence means 'I have never hated anyone before.'
Why other options are incorrect:
こわい (怖い) means 'scary'.
ひどい (酷い) means 'terrible' or 'cruel'.
ずるい (狡い) means 'cunning' or 'unfair'.
問題2___ の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを, 1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
6. 多くの人が集まったため、会場の中は<u>こんらん</u>していた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
混乱 (こんらん) is the correct kanji for 'confusion' or 'disorder'. The sentence means 'The venue was in confusion because many people gathered.'
Why other options are incorrect:
混雑 (こんざつ) means 'crowdedness' or 'congestion', which is similar but not the exact meaning of 'confusion' in this context.
困乱 is an incorrect combination of kanji for こんらん.
困雑 is an incorrect combination of kanji for こんらん.
7. この計画は<u>じゅんちょう</u>に進んでいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
順調 (じゅんちょう) is the correct kanji for 'smooth' or 'favorable'. The sentence means 'This plan is progressing smoothly.'
Why other options are incorrect:
準長 is an incorrect combination of kanji for じゅんちょう.
準調 is an incorrect combination of kanji for じゅんちょう.
順長 is an incorrect combination of kanji for じゅんちょう.
8. 新製品の販売権に関し、A社とB社が<u>あらそって</u>いる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
争って (あらそって) is the correct kanji for 'to contend' or 'to dispute'. The sentence means 'Company A and Company B are contending for the sales rights of the new product.'
Why other options are incorrect:
戦って (たたかって) means 'to fight' (a battle or war), which is a stronger nuance than 'contending' for rights.
競って (きそって) means 'to compete' (in a race or contest), which is similar but 争う is more general for disputes.
抗って (あらがって) means 'to resist' or 'to defy', which does not fit the context of contending for sales rights.
9. 先生に<u>してき</u>された部分を直して、レポートを再提出した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
指摘 (してき) is the correct kanji for 'pointing out' or 'indication'. The sentence means 'I corrected the parts pointed out by the teacher and resubmitted the report.'
Why other options are incorrect:
指摘 is the correct kanji. 指的 is an incorrect combination.
指摘 is the correct kanji. 支的 is an incorrect combination.
指摘 is the correct kanji. 支摘 is an incorrect combination.
10. この絵は空の色がとても<u>あざやか</u>だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
鮮やか (あざやか) is the correct kanji for 'vivid' or 'brilliant'. The sentence means 'The color of the sky in this painting is very vivid.'
Why other options are incorrect:
題やか is an incorrect kanji combination for あざやか.
晴やか (はれやか) means 'bright' or 'cheerful' (often for feelings or atmosphere), not typically for colors.
濃やか is an incorrect kanji combination for あざやか. 濃い (こい) means 'dark' or 'deep' (for colors).
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
11. 試合会場には、各チームの応援 ( )も来ている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
応援団 (おうえんだん) means 'cheering squad' or 'supporters group'. 団 (dan) is the correct suffix to form a group or organization in this context.
Why other options are incorrect:
党 (tō) means 'party' (e.g., political party).
集 (shū) means 'gathering' or 'collection', but is not typically used as a suffix for 'cheering group'.
族 (zoku) means 'tribe' or 'family', or a group with a certain characteristic (e.g., 暴走族 bōsōzoku - biker gang).
12. その計画は自然環境に( )影 響を与えかねない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
悪影響 (あくえいきょう) means 'negative influence' or 'bad effect'. 悪 (aku) is the correct prefix to indicate a negative quality.
Why other options are incorrect:
陰 (in) means 'shade' or 'shadow', not typically used to describe a negative influence.
劣 (retsu) means 'inferiority' or 'poor quality', not typically combined with 影響.
危 (ki) means 'danger' or 'risk', but is not typically combined with 影響 in this way. 危険な影響 (kiken na eikyō - dangerous influence) would be used instead.
13. 今回の実験の成功( )は高いと言われている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
成功率 (せいこうりつ) means 'success rate'. 率 (ritsu) is the correct suffix to indicate a rate or percentage.
Why other options are incorrect:
倍 (bai) means 'double' or 'times'.
割 (wari) means 'rate' or 'proportion', but is usually used in specific contexts like 割合 (wari'ai - ratio/percentage) or 割引 (waribiki - discount).
比 (hi) means 'ratio' or 'comparison', as in 比較 (hikaku - comparison).
14. 彼の話はあまりに現実( )していて、誰も同意しなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
現実離れ (げんじつばなれ) means 'out of touch with reality' or 'unrealistic'. 離れ (banare) is the correct suffix to indicate separation or detachment from something.
Why other options are incorrect:
抜け (nuke) comes from 抜ける (nukeru - to fall out, to omit), not typically used in this context.
落ち (ochi) comes from 落ちる (ochiru - to fall), not typically used in this context.
逃げ (nige) comes from 逃げる (nigeru - to escape), not typically used in this context.
15. この辺りはヨーロッパ ( )の家が多くて、日本だとは思えない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ヨーロッパ風 (ヨーロッパふう) means 'European style'. 風 (fū) is the correct suffix to indicate a style or manner.
Why other options are incorrect:
状 (jō) means 'shape' or 'state', as in 状態 (jōtai - condition).
態 (tai) means 'condition' or 'state', as in 態度 (taido - attitude).
類 (rui) means 'kind' or 'type', as in 種類 (shurui - type/kind).
問題4 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
16. 日本の10年後の人口を、様々なデータから( )した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
予測 (よそく) means 'prediction' or 'forecast' (general). It is suitable for predicting population based on data. The sentence means 'We predicted Japan's population 10 years from now based on various data.'
Why other options are incorrect:
予報 (よほう) means 'forecast', typically used for weather forecasts (天気予報).
予感 (よかん) means 'hunch' or 'premonition', which is a feeling, not a data-based calculation.
予習 (よしゅう) means 'preparation for a lesson' or 'previewing'.
17. 川の水が茶色く( ) いて、底の方が見えない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
濁って (にごって) is the te-form of 濁る (にごる), meaning 'to become cloudy' or 'to become muddy'. This fits the description of river water being brown and opaque. The sentence means 'The river water is muddy brown, so I can't see the bottom.'
Why other options are incorrect:
くもって is the te-form of 曇る (くもる), meaning 'to become cloudy' (e.g., for the sky or glass), not typically for water.
かくれて is the te-form of 隠れる (かくれる), meaning 'to hide' or 'to be hidden'.
くずれて is the te-form of 崩れる (くずれる), meaning 'to collapse' or 'to crumble'.
18. この書類に必要なことを記入して窓口に提出すれば、手続きは( )します
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
完了 (かんりょう) means 'completion' or 'finish'. It is the most appropriate word for a procedure being finished. The sentence means 'If you fill in the necessary information on this document and submit it to the counter, the procedure will be completed.'
Why other options are incorrect:
決定 (けってい) means 'decision'.
実現 (じつげん) means 'realization' or 'achievement' (of a dream or plan).
達成 (たっせい) means 'achievement' or 'accomplishment' (of a goal or target).
19. 栄養の( )を考えて、いろいろなものを食べましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
バランス (balance) is the correct word here, referring to 'nutritional balance'. The sentence means 'Let's eat a variety of foods, considering nutritional balance.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ストレス (stress) means 'stress'.
チェンジ (change) means 'change'.
ステップ (step) means 'step'.
20. この店の料理は、量が( )あるので、たくさん食べる人に人気があります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
たっぷり (tappuri) means 'plenty' or 'a lot'. It describes a generous quantity. The sentence means 'This restaurant's dishes have plenty of quantity, so they are popular with people who eat a lot.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ふんわり (funwari) means 'softly' or 'fluffily'.
すっきり (sukkiri) means 'neatly', 'refreshed', or 'clear'.
ぼんやり (bonyari) means 'vaguely' or 'absentmindedly'.
21. 二人の間には意見の( )があり、なかなか議論が進まない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
相違 (そうい) means 'difference' or 'discrepancy'. This fits the context of a discussion not progressing due to differing opinions. The sentence means 'There was a difference of opinion between the two, and the discussion did not progress easily.'
Why other options are incorrect:
対比 (たいひ) means 'contrast' or 'comparison'.
間隔 (かんかく) means 'interval' or 'space'.
大別 (たいべつ) means 'broad classification' or 'general division'.
22. 約束の時間より早く来てしまったので、喫茶店に入って時間を( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
時間を潰す (じかんをつぶす) means 'to kill time'. This is the correct idiom for passing time while waiting. The sentence means 'I arrived earlier than the appointed time, so I went into a coffee shop to kill time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
やぶった is the past tense of 破る (やぶる), meaning 'to break' (a promise), 'to tear', or 'to defeat'.
こわした is the past tense of 壊す (こわす), meaning 'to break' or 'to destroy'.
けずった is the past tense of 削る (けずる), meaning 'to shave off', 'to cut down', or 'to reduce'.
問題5 ___の 言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
23 明日は今日より<u>やや</u>涼しくなると思います。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
やや (yaya) means 'a little' or 'slightly'. 少し (sukoshi) also means 'a little' and is the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I think it will be slightly cooler tomorrow than today.'
Why other options are incorrect:
絶対 (zettai) means 'absolutely' or 'definitely', which is much stronger than やや.
もっと (motto) means 'more', indicating a greater degree, not a slight one.
たぶん (tabun) means 'probably' or 'perhaps', indicating likelihood, not degree.
24 私はこれくらいの<u>テンポ</u>の曲が歌いやすいと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
テンポ (tempo) refers to the speed or pace of music. 速さ (hayasa) means 'speed'. The sentence means 'I think songs with this kind of tempo are easy to sing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
長さ (nagasa) means 'length'.
高さ (takasa) means 'height' or 'pitch'.
明るさ (akarusa) means 'brightness'.
25. 昨日、<u>妙な</u>話を聞いた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
妙な (myōna) means 'strange', 'odd', or 'peculiar'. 変な (henna) also means 'strange' or 'weird' and is the closest synonym. The sentence means 'Yesterday, I heard a strange story.'
Why other options are incorrect:
うれしい (ureshii) means 'happy'.
なつかしい (natsukashii) means 'nostalgic' or 'fondly remembered'.
嫌な (iyana) means 'unpleasant' or 'disagreeable'.
26. 高橋さんは、<u>ささやくように</u>話した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ささやくように (sasayaku yō ni) means 'as if whispering'. 小声で (kogoe de) means 'in a low voice' or 'whispering', which is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'Mr. Takahashi spoke in a whispering manner.'
Why other options are incorrect:
急いで (isoide) means 'hurriedly'.
ゆっくり (yukkuri) means 'slowly'.
大声で (ōgoe de) means 'in a loud voice', which is the opposite.
27. 鈴木氏は、<u>かつて</u>フランスに住んでいた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かつて (katsute) means 'once', 'formerly', or 'in the past'. 以前 (izen) also means 'before' or 'formerly' and is the closest synonym. The sentence means 'Mr. Suzuki once lived in France.'
Why other options are incorrect:
確か (tashika) means 'certainly' or 'surely'.
主に (omo ni) means 'mainly' or 'primarily'.
しばらく (shibaraku) means 'for a while' or 'for some time'.
問題6 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
28. 作成
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
作成 (さくせい) means 'to create' or 'to produce', typically used for documents, data, software, or plans. Option 2, 'Please create the meeting materials by the end of this week,' is a correct usage.
Why other options are incorrect:
作成 is not typically used for creating opportunities; 作る (tsukuru) or 設ける (mōkeru) would be more natural.
作成 is not used for producing agricultural products; 生産 (seisan) or 作る (tsukuru) would be used.
作成 is not used for establishing a company; 設立 (setsuritsu) or 作る (tsukuru) would be used.
29. いったん
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
いったん (ittan) means 'once', 'for a while', or 'temporarily'. Option 3, 'The department head returned to the office temporarily from outside, but then immediately left again,' correctly uses いったん to mean a temporary action.
Why other options are incorrect:
いったん is incorrect here. 一度も (ichido mo - not even once) should be used.
いったん is incorrect here. 一度しか (ichido shika - only once) should be used.
いったん is incorrect here. 週に一度 (shū ni ichido - once a week) should be used.
30. 思いつく
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
思いつく (omoitsuku) means 'to come up with' or 'to hit upon an idea'. Option 2, 'I came up with this idea not during work, but while taking a walk,' correctly uses 思いつく for suddenly getting an idea.
Why other options are incorrect:
思いつく is incorrect here. 思い描く (omoiegaku - to imagine) or 思い浮かべる (omoiukaberu - to recall/imagine) would be more appropriate for imagining a future self.
思いつく is incorrect here. It's used for ideas, not for feelings or intuition about people. 感じた (kanjita - felt) or 直感した (chokkanshita - had a hunch) would be better.
思いつく is incorrect here. 思い出す (omoidasu - to recall/remember) is the correct verb for remembering past events.
31. 中断
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
中断 (chūdan) means 'interruption' or 'suspension' (temporary halt). Option 4, 'The game has been interrupted due to strong winds, and it will probably be difficult to resume,' correctly uses 中断 for a temporary suspension of an event.
Why other options are incorrect:
中断 is incorrect here. 中止 (chūshi - cancellation) is more appropriate when an event is called off entirely.
中断 is incorrect here. It is not used for physical objects like trees or books.
中断 is incorrect here. 退職 (taishoku - resignation) or 辞める (yameru - to quit) is the correct term for leaving a company.
32. たくましい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
たくましい (takumashii) means 'strong', 'robust', or 'resilient', often used for people who overcome hardships. Option 1, 'My parents have lived resiliently, without being defeated by any hardships so far,' is a correct usage.
Why other options are incorrect:
たくましい is incorrect here. 丈夫な (jōbuna - durable) or 強い (tsuyoi - strong) would be more appropriate for the physical strength of an object like a string.
たくましい is incorrect here. 豊富 (hōfu - abundant) or 多い (ōi - a lot) would be more appropriate for work experience.
たくましい is incorrect here. 強い (tsuyoi - strong) or きつい (kitsui - intense) would be more appropriate for sunlight.
問題7 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
33 この花は、毎日水をやる必要はありません。大体2日 ( ) やってください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜おきに (〜oki ni) means 'every (interval)' or 'at intervals of'. So, '2日おきに' means 'every two days'. This fits the context of watering a plant periodically. The sentence means 'You don't need to water this flower every day. Please water it roughly every two days.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜ぶりに (〜buri ni) means 'for the first time in (a period of time)', indicating a long interval since the last occurrence.
〜うちに (〜uchi ni) means 'while' or 'before (something happens)', indicating an action within a certain period or before a change occurs.
〜たびに (〜tabi ni) means 'every time' or 'whenever', indicating that something happens each time a certain condition is met.
34 ジョギングは健康にいいが、正しく行わないと、( )ひざや腰を痛めてしまう場合もある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かえって (kaette) means 'on the contrary' or 'rather'. It implies an unexpected or opposite result to what might be intended (jogging for health, but getting injured). The sentence means 'Jogging is good for your health, but if you don't do it correctly, you might actually hurt your knees or lower back.'
Why other options are incorrect:
かりに (kari ni) means 'for example' or 'supposing'.
せっかく (sekkaku) means 'with much trouble' or 'at great pains', often used when something is wasted or an effort is made.
いまにも (ima ni mo) means 'at any moment' or 'soon', indicating something is about to happen.
35. 駅前のパン屋の主人は、商売はあまり上手ではないが、おいしいパンを作ること ( ) 一流の技術を持っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜にかけては (〜ni kakete wa) means 'when it comes to' or 'as far as (something) is concerned'. It is used to highlight a specific area where someone excels. The sentence means 'The owner of the bakery in front of the station is not very good at business, but when it comes to making delicious bread, he has first-class skills.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜によっては (〜ni yotte wa) means 'depending on' or 'in some cases'.
〜を前にして (〜o mae ni shite) means 'in front of' or 'facing (a situation/event)'.
〜を基にして (〜o moto ni shite) means 'based on' or 'using (something) as a foundation'.
36. ABC美術館はとても広くて、たった3時間では全部の作品をく( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜きれない (〜kirenai) means 'unable to finish doing something completely'. 見きれなかった (mikirenai) means 'couldn't see all of it' or 'couldn't finish seeing'. This fits the context of a large museum and limited time. The sentence means 'ABC Museum is very large, and I couldn't see all the works in just 3 hours.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜たきり (〜takiri) means 'only did (something) and then (something else happened/didn't happen)', implying a single action with a subsequent lack of action or change.
〜ないで済む (〜naide sumu) means 'to manage to get by without doing something'.
〜ないでもない (〜naidemo nai) is a double negative meaning 'it's not that (I) didn't do it' or 'it's possible to do it', implying a slight possibility or partial action.
37. 夫は何でも捨てないで取っておくので、家の中は物が増える( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜一方だ (〜ippō da) means 'to continue to (do something)' or 'to keep on (doing something)'. It indicates a continuous trend, often negative. This fits the context of things continuously increasing. The sentence means 'My husband keeps everything without throwing anything away, so the number of things in the house keeps increasing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜ためだ (〜tame da) means 'because of' or 'for the purpose of'.
〜ほどだ (〜hodo da) means 'to the extent that' or 'about'.
〜最中だ (〜saichū da) means 'in the middle of' or 'in the process of'.
38. パソコンの画面が映らなくなってしまった。いろいろ試してみたがうまくいかず、もう自分ではどうしようもないので、修理に( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ほかない (〜hoka nai) means 'have no choice but to' or 'cannot help but'. It indicates that there is no other option. This fits the situation where the speaker has tried everything and has no other choice but to send it for repair. The sentence means 'My computer screen stopped displaying. I tried various things, but nothing worked, and I can't do anything myself anymore, so I have no choice but to send it for repair.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜がちだ (〜gachi da) means 'tend to' or 'be prone to', indicating a tendency.
〜おかげだ (〜okage da) means 'thanks to' or 'due to (a positive reason)'.
〜ことがある (〜koto ga aru) means 'sometimes do' or 'there are times when'.
39. テニスコートの入り口の看板に「コート内では必ずテニスシューズを履く( )。」と書いてあるのに、守らない人がいるので困る。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜こと (〜koto) is used to express rules, regulations, or instructions. It means 'must' or 'should'. This fits the context of a rule written on a sign. The sentence means 'It is written on the sign at the entrance of the tennis court, "You must wear tennis shoes inside the court," but some people don't follow it, which is troublesome.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜はず (〜hazu) means 'expected to' or 'supposed to', indicating an expectation or certainty, not a rule.
〜など (〜nado) means 'etc.' or 'things like', used for examples.
〜のみ (〜nomi) means 'only' or 'nothing but'.
40. A「最近、いつも眠そうだね。毎晩、寝るの遅いの?」</br>B「うん。早く( )思ってるんだけど。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
寝なきゃって (nenakya tte) is a casual contraction of 寝なければならない (nekereba naranai - must sleep) + って (tte - casual quotation particle). It means 'I have to sleep early' or 'I should sleep early'. This fits the context of B wanting to sleep earlier but not being able to. The conversation means: A: 'You always look sleepy lately. Do you go to bed late every night?' B: 'Yeah. I'm thinking I have to sleep early, but...'
Why other options are incorrect:
寝ちゃったと (nechatta to) means 'I ended up sleeping' or 'I fell asleep', which doesn't fit the context of wanting to sleep early.
寝たいのは (netai no wa) means 'what I want to do is sleep', which is grammatically possible but less natural for expressing a desire to change a habit.
寝られないとか (nerarenai toka) means 'things like I can't sleep', which is a statement about inability, not a desire to change.
41. 私は歯医者が苦手だ。歯の痛みがひどいときには行くが、少し( )我慢してしまう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ぐらいなら (〜gurai nara) means 'if it's only about (that much)' or 'if it's just (that level)'. It implies that if the pain is only slight, one can endure it. The sentence means 'I'm not good with dentists. I go when the toothache is severe, but if it's just a little painful, I end up enduring it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
痛くなる前に (itaku naru mae ni) means 'before it gets painful', which doesn't fit the context of enduring existing pain.
痛そうなときは (itasō na toki wa) means 'when it looks painful', which is about appearance, not the actual level of pain.
痛くないのだから (itakunai no dakara) means 'because it's not painful', which contradicts the premise of having pain.
42. 私が風邪で学校を休んだ日、心配して電話をかけて( )友達がたくさんいて、うれしかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜てくれた (〜te kureta) indicates that someone did something for the speaker's benefit. Here, friends called for the speaker's benefit, making the speaker happy. The sentence means 'On the day I was absent from school due to a cold, I was happy that many friends called me out of concern.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜てあげた (〜te ageta) indicates that the speaker did something for someone else's benefit, which is the opposite of the context.
みることができた (miru koto ga dekita) means 'was able to see', which is irrelevant to calling.
みることにした (miru koto ni shita) means 'decided to see', which is irrelevant to calling.
43. A『最近、天気悪いよね。明日は晴れるかなあ。」</br> B「いや、予報だと、今週は晴れる日が ( )。</br> A「じゃあ、明日も天気悪いのかあ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
一日もないみたいだよ (ichinichi mo nai mitai da yo) means 'it seems there isn't even one day'. This fits the context of the weather forecast indicating no sunny days this week, leading to the conclusion that tomorrow will also be bad. The conversation means: A: 'The weather's been bad lately, hasn't it? I wonder if it'll be sunny tomorrow.' B: 'No, according to the forecast, it seems there won't be a single sunny day this week.' A: 'So, the weather will be bad tomorrow too, huh?'
Why other options are incorrect:
一日もないからだよ (ichinichi mo nai kara da yo) means 'because there isn't even one day'. While grammatically correct, the nuance of 'it seems' (みたい) is more appropriate for a weather forecast, which is a prediction.
一日じゃないからだよ (ichinichi janai kara da yo) means 'because it's not one day', which is grammatically incorrect and doesn't make sense in context.
一日じゃないみたいだよ (ichinichi janai mitai da yo) means 'it seems like it's not one day', which implies that there might be more than one day, contradicting the idea of no sunny days.
44. 彼からよく相談を受けるが、何に困っているのかわからないことが多い。私にどういう アドバイスを( )
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜てほしい (〜te hoshii) means 'want someone to do something'. 〜のだろうか (〜no darō ka) expresses a question or wonder about something. The phrase してほしいのだろうか means 'I wonder what kind of advice he wants me to give him'. This fits the context of the speaker not knowing what kind of advice the other person is seeking. The sentence means 'I often receive consultations from him, but I often don't know what he's troubled about. I wonder what kind of advice he wants me to give him.'
Why other options are incorrect:
してもいいようだ (shitemo ii yō da) means 'it seems okay to give advice', which doesn't express the speaker's confusion about what advice is desired.
したがるのだろうか (shitagaru no darō ka) means 'I wonder if he wants to do it', which refers to the other person's desire to do something, not to receive advice.
したほうがいいようだ (shita hō ga ii yō da) means 'it seems better to give advice', which is a suggestion about the speaker's action, not a question about the other person's desire.
問題8 次の文の_ ★_に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
45. 狭い部屋でもテーブルの上に物を置かない___ ___ _★_ ___本に書いてあった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 狭い部屋でもテーブルの上に物を置かないようにするだけで広く感じられるようになると本に書いてあった。 The phrase '〜ようにするだけで' means 'just by making an effort to do something', and '〜ように感じる' means 'to feel as if'. The sentence means 'It was written in a book that even a small room can feel spacious just by making sure not to put things on the table.' The star (★) position is 広く感じられる.
Why other options are incorrect:
If 'だけで' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If 'ようになると' were at the star position, the sentence structure would be incorrect, as '広く感じられる' needs to precede it.
If 'ようにする' were at the star position, the sentence would lack the 'だけで' and 'ようになると' parts to form the intended meaning.
46. レストランでアルバイトを始めてから___ ___ _★_ ___ミスまでしてしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is レストランでアルバイトを始めてから今日で1年たつのに客の注文を間違えたうえに皿を割るというミスまでしてしまった。 The pattern '〜うえに' means 'in addition to' or 'on top of that', indicating that something negative happened on top of another negative thing. The sentence means 'Even though it's been a year since I started my part-time job at the restaurant, I not only messed up a customer's order but also made a mistake like breaking a plate.' The star (★) position is うえに.
Why other options are incorrect:
If '今日で1年たつのに' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If '皿を割るという' were at the star position, the sentence would lack the 'うえに' part to connect the two negative actions.
If '客の注文を間違えた' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
47. 大雨の中を傘を差さずに___ ___ _★_ ___今朝からずっと鼻水が止まらない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is 大雨の中を傘を差さずに帰ったせいか治りかけていた風邪がまたひどくなって今朝からずっと鼻水が止まらない。 The phrase '〜せいか' means 'perhaps because of' or 'it's probably due to'. '治りかけていた' means 'was on the verge of recovering'. The sentence means 'Perhaps because I went home without an umbrella in the heavy rain, my cold, which was on the verge of recovering, got worse again, and my nose has been running since this morning.' The star (★) position is 風邪が.
Why other options are incorrect:
If '治りかけていた' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If 'またひどくなって' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If '帰ったせいか' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
48. ___ ___ _★_ ___ものが思い浮かぶと思いますが、大豆にもたくさん含まれています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is たんぱく質が多く含まれる食べ物というと肉や魚や卵といったものが思い浮かぶと思いますが、大豆にもたくさん含まれています。 The pattern '〜というと' means 'speaking of' or 'when it comes to'. The sentence means 'When it comes to foods rich in protein, you might think of meat, fish, and eggs, but soybeans also contain a lot of it.' The star (★) position is 食べ物というと.
Why other options are incorrect:
If '肉や魚や卵といった' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If 'たんぱく質が' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If '多く含まれる' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
49. イベントの準備には___ ___ _★_ ___スケジュールに余裕ができた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is イベントの準備には最低でも二日はかかるだろうと思われたが多くのボランティアの方の協力で一日で終わったのでスケジュールに余裕ができた。 The phrase '最低でも〜と思われたが' means 'although it was thought that at least ~ would be required'. '〜の協力で' means 'with the cooperation of'. The sentence means 'Although it was thought that the event preparations would take at least two days, they finished in one day thanks to the cooperation of many volunteers, so we now have extra time in our schedule.' The star (★) position is 多くのボランティアの方の協力で.
Why other options are incorrect:
If '二日はかかるだろうと思われたが' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If '最低でも' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
If '一日で終わったので' were at the star position, the sentence would be grammatically incomplete or nonsensical.
問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、(50)から(54)の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
つい食べ過ぎてしまうという人も【50】。回転ずしで1回に食べる量の平均は一人約10皿だという。すし1つのご飯の量が約20グラムで、普通、回転ずしでは1皿にすしが2つ載っているから、約400グラムもご飯を食べていることになる。茶わん1杯分のご飯の量が約150グラムだとすると、【51】。回転ずしでたくさん食べてしまうのはなぜなのか。
こんなし【52】 すしが好きな人たちにすしを食べてもらう。まずは、すしの皿を台に載せて流さず、1皿ずつ注文してすしを食べる。別の日に今度は、流れているすしの皿を取ってすしを食べる。 【53】 流れているときに食べた量は、そうでないときの約1.5 倍になったという。
心理学の専門家によると,これは「目の前に流れてくる」ことの効果らしい。すしが 目の前に流れてくると、意識しなくても目に入り、あれもこれも食べたいと思ってしま う。また、人間は、目の前で動いている食べ物を見ると目で追って手に入れようとする 性質を持っており、それも思わず皿を取ってしまう原因の一つだということだ。
回転ずしでたくさん食べてしまうのには、納得の理由があったのだ。回転ずしの店に行ったとき, 食べ過ぎてしまうのは【54】
English Summary & Annotations
【50】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
多いのではないか (ōi no de wa nai ka) means 'Isn't it a lot?' or 'I wonder if there are many'. This phrase is used to express a rhetorical question or a gentle assertion that many people tend to overeat, fitting the context of a common observation. The sentence means 'Aren't there many people who end up eating too much?'
Why other options are incorrect:
多かったのか (ōkatta no ka) means 'Was it a lot?' This is past tense and asks a direct question about a past event, which doesn't fit the general observation being made.
多ければいい (ōkereba ii) means 'It would be good if there were many'. This expresses a desire, not an observation about a tendency.
多くてよかった (ōkute yokatta) means 'It was good that there were many'. This expresses relief or satisfaction, which is out of context.
【51】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that 10 plates of sushi (2 sushi per plate) means 400 grams of rice. If one bowl of rice is 150 grams, then 400g / 150g ≈ 2.67 bowls. Therefore, 2杯分以上だ (nihai-bun ijō da - it's more than 2 bowls' worth) is the direct and accurate conclusion. The sentence means 'If one bowl of rice is about 150 grams, then it's more than 2 bowls' worth.'
Why other options are incorrect:
2杯分以上でもおかしくない (nihai-bun ijō demo okashikunai) means 'it wouldn't be strange even if it were more than 2 bowls' worth'. While true, it's a weaker statement than the direct calculation.
2杯分以上だからだ (nihai-bun ijō dakara da) means 'because it's more than 2 bowls' worth'. This would be an explanation, but the preceding sentence is a question, so a direct statement of fact is needed here.
2杯分以上でなければいけない (nihai-bun ijō de nakereba ikenai) means 'it must be more than 2 bowls' worth'. This implies a necessity, which is not the case for a calculation.
【52】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
実験がある (jikken ga aru) means 'there is an experiment'. This is the most natural way to introduce the experiment that follows. The sentence means 'There is an experiment like this to have sushi lovers eat sushi.'
Why other options are incorrect:
実験だといえる (jikken da to ieru) means 'it can be said to be an experiment'. This is a more formal and analytical expression, less suitable for simply introducing an experiment.
実験だとしている (jikken da to shite iru) means 'it is considered an experiment' or 'it is treated as an experiment'. This implies someone is defining it as such, which is not the simple introduction needed.
実験になる (jikken ni naru) means 'it becomes an experiment'. This implies a transformation into an experiment, which is less direct than simply stating its existence.
【53】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
すると (suruto) means 'then', 'thereupon', or 'as a result'. It is used to introduce a consequence or result of the preceding action (the experiment). The sentence means 'Then, the amount eaten when it was flowing was about 1.5 times that when it was not.'
Why other options are incorrect:
つまり (tsumari) means 'in other words' or 'that is to say', used for summarizing or rephrasing.
ところが (tokoroga) means 'however' or 'nevertheless', used to introduce a surprising or contradictory fact.
一方で (ippō de) means 'on the other hand' or 'while', used to introduce a contrasting aspect.
【54】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
避けられないのだろう (sakerarenai no darō) means 'it's probably unavoidable' or 'it must be unavoidable'. This fits the conclusion of the passage, which explains psychological reasons why overeating at conveyor belt sushi is a natural and difficult-to-avoid tendency. The sentence means 'When you go to a conveyor belt sushi restaurant, overeating is probably unavoidable.'
Why other options are incorrect:
避けたいに決まっている (sakeitai ni kimatte iru) means 'it's definitely something you want to avoid'. While true, it doesn't capture the sense of inevitability explained in the passage.
避けるべきだった (sakeru beki datta) means 'should have avoided it'. This is a past-tense regret or a prescriptive statement, which doesn't fit the explanatory tone of the conclusion.
避けられたかもしれない (sakerareta kamoshirenai) means 'might have been avoidable'. This suggests a possibility of avoidance, which contradicts the passage's implication that it's a strong, almost inherent tendency.