JLPT N2 Letters and Vocabulary, Grammar Test
問題1 の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
1. 先生に<u>貴重</u>な資料を見せていただいた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
貴重 (きちょう) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'precious' or 'valuable'. The sentence means 'I was shown valuable materials by the teacher.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 貴重.
This is an incorrect reading for 貴重.
This is an incorrect reading for 貴重.
2. その話を聞いて、とても<u>怪しい</u>と思った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
怪しい (あやしい) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'suspicious' or 'dubious'. The sentence means 'Hearing that story, I thought it was very suspicious.'
Why other options are incorrect:
むなしい (虚しい) means 'empty' or 'vain'.
くやしい (悔しい) means 'frustrating' or 'regrettable'.
おかしい (可笑しい) means 'strange' or 'funny'.
3. 佐藤さんは<u>容姿</u>も性格もいい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
容姿 (ようし) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'appearance' or 'looks'. The sentence means 'Mr. Sato has good looks and a good personality.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 容姿.
ようす (様子) means 'state' or 'situation'.
よす (止す) means 'to stop' or 'to cease'.
4. これは危険を<u>伴う</u>実験だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
伴う (ともなう) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'to accompany' or 'to be involved with'. The sentence means 'This is an experiment that involves danger.'
Why other options are incorrect:
はらう (払う) means 'to pay' or 'to brush off'.
あつかう (扱う) means 'to handle' or 'to treat'.
すくう (救う) means 'to save' or (掬う) 'to scoop'.
5. 以前は、海外で暮らしたいという<u>願望</u>が強かった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
願望 (がんぼう) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'desire' or 'wish'. The sentence means 'Previously, I had a strong desire to live overseas.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 願望.
This is an incorrect reading for 願望.
This is an incorrect reading for 願望.
問題2 の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
6. 友人を家に<u>まねいた</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
招いた (まねいた) is the past tense of 招く, meaning 'to invite'. Option 2, 招いた, uses the correct kanji.
Why other options are incorrect:
伯 (haku) refers to an elder brother or uncle, not related to inviting.
泊 (haku) means 'to stay overnight', which is incorrect in this context.
召 (shou) is used in honorific verbs like 召し上がる (to eat/drink), not for inviting someone to one's home.
7. この商品は安全性が<u>ほしょう</u>されている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
保証 (ほしょう) means 'guarantee' or 'warranty'. The sentence means 'The safety of this product is guaranteed.' Option 3 uses the correct kanji.
Why other options are incorrect:
補 (ho) means 'supplement' or 'compensate', and 証 (shou) means 'proof'. This combination is not a standard word for 'guarantee'.
保 (ho) means 'to preserve', and 正 (shou) means 'correct'. This combination is not a standard word for 'guarantee'.
補正 (ほせい) means 'correction' or 'amendment', which is different from 'guarantee'.
8. この企業では、さまざまな<u>もよおし</u>を行っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
催し (もよおし) means 'event' or 'gathering'. The sentence means 'This company holds various events.' Option 2 uses the correct kanji.
Why other options are incorrect:
携 (kei) means 'to carry' or 'to be involved'. 携し is not a common word for 'event'.
推 (sui) means 'to infer' or 'to push'. 推し is not a common word for 'event'.
権 (ken) means 'right' or 'authority'. 権し is not a common word for 'event'.
9. 銀行に行って、お札を<u>こうか</u>に替えた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
硬貨 (こうか) means 'coin'. The sentence means 'I went to the bank and exchanged bills for coins.' Option 1 uses the correct kanji.
Why other options are incorrect:
固 (ko) means 'hard' or 'solid', but 固貨 is not a standard word for 'coin'.
価 (ka) means 'value' or 'price', but 硬価 is not a standard word for 'coin'.
固 (ko) means 'hard' or 'solid', and 価 (ka) means 'value' or 'price', but 固価 is not a standard word for 'coin'.
10. わが社の商品はここで<u>せいぞう</u>されている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
製造 (せいぞう) means 'manufacture' or 'production'. The sentence means 'Our company's products are manufactured here.' Option 4 uses the correct kanji.
Why other options are incorrect:
増 (zou) means 'increase'. 製増 is not a standard word.
制 (sei) means 'control' or 'system', and 増 (zou) means 'increase'. 制増 is not a standard word.
制造 is the simplified Chinese character for 製造, not standard Japanese kanji.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
11. 男女の結婚( )の違いについて調べた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
観 (かん) means 'view' or 'outlook'. When combined with 結婚 (marriage), 結婚観 (けっこんかん) means 'views on marriage'. The sentence means 'I researched the differences in views on marriage between men and women.'
Why other options are incorrect:
識 (しき) means 'knowledge' or 'discernment'. 結婚識 is not a standard compound.
念 (ねん) means 'thought' or 'desire'. 結婚念 is not a standard compound.
察 (さつ) means 'to guess' or 'to infer'. 結婚察 is not a standard compound.
12. ここでは( )水準の医療が受けられる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
高 (こう) means 'high'. 高水準 (こうすいじゅん) means 'high level' or 'high standard'. The sentence means 'Here, high-standard medical care can be received.'
Why other options are incorrect:
頂 (ちょう) means 'peak' or 'summit'. 頂水準 is not a standard compound.
上 (じょう) means 'upper' or 'superior'. 上水準 is not a standard compound in this context.
特 (とく) means 'special'. 特水準 is not a standard compound.
13. 今日は大学の講義で日本( )の経営について学んだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
式 (しき) means 'style' or 'method'. 日本式 (にほんしき) means 'Japanese style'. The sentence means 'Today, in a university lecture, I learned about Japanese-style management.'
Why other options are incorrect:
状 (じょう) means 'form' or 'state'. 日本状 is not a standard compound.
類 (るい) means 'kind' or 'type'. 日本類 is not a standard compound.
則 (そく) means 'rule' or 'law'. 日本則 is not a standard compound.
14. 開封しても、( )使用の物は返品可能です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
未 (み) means 'not yet'. 未使用 (みしよう) means 'unused'. The sentence means 'Even if opened, unused items can be returned.'
Why other options are incorrect:
外 (がい) means 'outside' or 'other'. 外使用 is not a standard compound.
否 (ひ) means 'no' or 'negative'. 否使用 is not a standard compound.
前 (ぜん) means 'before' or 'front'. 前使用 is not a standard compound.
15. 受験生なので、勉強( )の毎日だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
漬け (づけ) is used as a suffix to mean 'immersed in' or 'addicted to'. 勉強漬け (べんきょうづけ) means 'immersed in studying' or 'spending all one's time studying'. The sentence means 'Since I'm an exam student, every day is spent immersed in studying.'
Why other options are incorrect:
浸し (ひたし) is the masu stem of 浸す (to soak), which doesn't fit the context of being immersed in an activity.
溶け (とけ) is the masu stem of 溶ける (to melt), which is unrelated to the context.
満ち (みち) is the masu stem of 満ちる (to be full), which is unrelated to the context.
問題4 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
16. この大学では一般向けの講座を開き、社会に学習の場を( )している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
提供 (ていきょう) means 'to offer' or 'to provide'. The sentence means 'This university offers courses for the general public, providing learning opportunities to society.'
Why other options are incorrect:
選出 (せんしゅつ) means 'selection' or 'election', which does not fit the context of providing a place.
指示 (しじ) means 'instruction' or 'direction', which does not fit the context.
寄付 (きふ) means 'donation', which is incorrect in this context.
17. 今年の夏は暑さが厳(きび)しく、仕事から家に帰ると疲れて( )してしまう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ぐったり is an adverb meaning 'completely exhausted' or 'limp with fatigue'. It perfectly describes the feeling of being tired after work due to severe heat. The sentence means 'This summer the heat is severe, and when I come home from work, I'm so tired I just collapse.'
Why other options are incorrect:
しっかり means 'firmly' or 'steadily', which is unrelated to being tired.
すっきり means 'neatly', 'refreshed', or 'clear', which is the opposite of being tired.
ぎっしり means 'packed tightly' or 'crammed', which is unrelated to fatigue.
18. 学生時代の友人が私の名前を忘れていたので、とても( )だった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ショック (shock) means 'shock' or 'disappointment'. It describes the feeling of surprise and dismay when a friend forgets one's name. The sentence means 'My friend from my student days had forgotten my name, so I was very shocked.'
Why other options are incorrect:
アウト (out) means 'out' (as in out of bounds or out of fashion), which is unrelated to the feeling described.
ダウン (down) means 'down' (as in feeling down or a decrease), which doesn't fit the specific emotional impact.
エラー (error) means 'error' or 'mistake', which refers to a technical fault, not a personal feeling.
19. 通路に荷物を置いたら、通る人の( )になりますよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
邪魔 (じゃま) means 'hindrance' or 'obstacle'. The phrase 邪魔になる means 'to be in the way'. The sentence means 'If you put your luggage in the aisle, it will be in the way of people passing by.'
Why other options are incorrect:
面倒 (めんどう) means 'trouble' or 'bother'. While related to inconvenience, 邪魔 is a more direct fit for physically blocking someone's path.
被害 (ひがい) means 'damage' or 'harm', which is too strong and doesn't fit the context of simply blocking a path.
無理 (むり) means 'impossible' or 'unreasonable'. 無理になる is not a natural phrase in this context.
20. 少し長めの上(のぼ)り坂(ざか)だったが( )ので、それほど疲れなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
なだらか (なだらか) means 'gentle' or 'gradual' (referring to a slope). A gentle slope would cause less fatigue. The sentence means 'It was a slightly long uphill slope, but it was gentle, so I didn't get that tired.'
Why other options are incorrect:
おとなしい (大人しい) means 'quiet' or 'obedient', which is not applicable to a slope.
ささやか (ささやか) means 'modest' or 'humble', which is not applicable to a slope.
よわよわしい (弱々しい) means 'weak-looking' or 'frail', which is not applicable to a slope.
21. 出席者は皆会議に積極的に参加し、意見を( )交換し合った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
活発に (かっぱつに) means 'actively' or 'lively'. It describes the manner in which opinions were exchanged. The sentence means 'All attendees actively participated in the meeting and exchanged opinions lively.'
Why other options are incorrect:
円満に (えんまんに) means 'harmoniously' or 'smoothly', which describes the state of a relationship, not the vigor of an exchange of opinions.
機敏に (きびんに) means 'quickly' or 'promptly', which refers to speed, not the level of activity in exchanging opinions.
濃厚に (のうこうに) means 'richly' or 'deeply', often used for flavors or colors, not for exchanging opinions.
22. 列に並んでいたら、私の前に強引に( )きた人がいて、嫌な気分になった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
割り込む (わりこむ) means 'to cut in' or 'to interrupt'. It describes someone forcefully entering a line. The sentence means 'While I was lining up, someone forcefully cut in front of me, and I felt unpleasant.'
Why other options are incorrect:
当てはまる (あてはまる) means 'to apply' or 'to fit', which is unrelated to cutting in line.
付け加える (つけくわえる) means 'to add', which is unrelated to cutting in line.
行き着く (いきつく) means 'to arrive at' or 'to end up', which is unrelated to cutting in line.
問題5 の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
23. 高橋さんはとても<u>愉快な</u>人だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
愉快な (ゆかいな) means 'pleasant', 'happy', or 'amusing'. 面白い (おもしろい) means 'interesting' or 'funny'. In the context of describing a person, 'amusing' or 'entertaining' are close synonyms.
Why other options are incorrect:
おしゃれな means 'stylish' or 'fashionable', which is unrelated to 愉快な.
親切な (しんせつな) means 'kind' or 'friendly', which is a different quality from 愉快な.
かわいい means 'cute' or 'adorable', which is unrelated to 愉快な.
24. それは確かに<u>やむをえない</u>ことだと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
やむをえない (やむをえない) means 'cannot be helped' or 'unavoidable'. しかたない (仕方ない) has the same meaning, 'it can't be helped' or 'there's nothing to be done'.
Why other options are incorrect:
もったいない means 'wasteful' or 'what a waste', which is unrelated to 'unavoidable'.
なさけない (情けない) means 'pathetic' or 'shameful', which is unrelated to 'unavoidable'.
つまらない means 'boring' or 'trivial', which is unrelated to 'unavoidable'.
25. 少し<u>息抜きした</u>ほうがいいよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
息抜きする (いきぬきする) means 'to take a break' or 'to relax'. 休む (やすむ) means 'to rest' or 'to take a break', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'You should take a little break.'
Why other options are incorrect:
待つ (まつ) means 'to wait', which is not the same as taking a break.
急ぐ (いそぐ) means 'to hurry', which is the opposite of taking a break.
働く (はたらく) means 'to work', which is the opposite of taking a break.
26. 今日はとても<u>ついていた</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ついている (ついている) is an idiomatic expression meaning 'to be lucky' or 'to have good luck'. 運がよかった (うんがよかった) means 'had good luck', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I was very lucky today.'
Why other options are incorrect:
気分が悪かった (きぶんがわるかった) means 'felt bad' or 'felt sick', which is unrelated to luck.
運が悪かった (うんがわるかった) means 'had bad luck', which is the opposite of ついていた.
気分がよかった (きぶんがよかった) means 'felt good', which describes a mood, not luck.
27. 私は<u>つねに</u>言葉遣いに気をつけている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
常に (つねに) means 'always' or 'constantly'. いつも (いつも) also means 'always' or 'usually', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I am always careful with my language.'
Why other options are incorrect:
当然 (とうぜん) means 'naturally' or 'as a matter of course', which is different from 'always'.
特に (とくに) means 'especially' or 'particularly', which implies a specific instance, not a constant state.
できるだけ means 'as much as possible', which indicates effort, not frequency.
問題 6 次の言葉の使い方として最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
28. <u>延長</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
延長 (えんちょう) means 'extension' or 'prolongation', typically used for time, length, or duration. Option 3 correctly uses 延長 to mean that the meeting's duration was extended by one hour because a conclusion couldn't be reached within the scheduled time.
Why other options are incorrect:
This usage is incorrect. For a trip's departure, 延期 (えんき: postponement) would be appropriate, not 延長.
This usage is incorrect. For extending a house by adding a floor, 増築 (ぞうちく: extension/addition to a building) would be appropriate, not 延長.
This usage is incorrect. For missing one's stop, 乗り過ごす (のりすごす: to miss one's stop) would be appropriate, not 延長.
29. <u>さびる</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
錆びる (さびる) means 'to rust'. Option 4 correctly uses 錆びる to describe a metal rod turning brown due to rust from being left outside.
Why other options are incorrect:
This usage is incorrect. For raw food becoming smelly due to heat, 腐る (くさる: to rot) would be appropriate, not 錆びる.
This usage is incorrect. For river water becoming muddy, 濁る (にごる: to become muddy/cloudy) is already used, but 錆びる is not applicable to water itself.
This usage is incorrect. For flowers dying due to lack of water, 枯れる (かれる: to wither/die) would be appropriate, not 錆びる.
30. <u>目上</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
目上 (めうえ) refers to a person of higher rank, status, or age; a superior or senior. Option 1 correctly uses 目上 to describe colleagues who are senior to a new employee, causing the new employee to feel nervous.
Why other options are incorrect:
This usage is incorrect. For describing expensive items, 高価な (こうかな: expensive) or 高級な (こうきゅうな: high-class) would be appropriate, not 目上.
This usage is incorrect. For describing top academic performance, 上位 (じょうい: top rank) or 一番上 (いちばんうえ: highest) would be appropriate, not 目上.
This usage is incorrect. For describing an admirable person who achieved a gold medal at a young age, 偉い (えらい: great/admirable) or 尊敬できる (そんけいできる: respectable) would be appropriate, not 目上.
31. <u>大げさ</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
大げさ (おおげさ) means 'exaggerated', 'overstated', or 'dramatic'. Option 4 correctly uses 大げさ to describe someone who exaggerates small matters, implying that one shouldn't believe them entirely.
Why other options are incorrect:
This usage is incorrect. For having a large amount of leftover food, 大量に (たいりょうに: in large quantities) or たくさん (a lot) would be appropriate, not 大げさ.
This usage is incorrect. For a significant drop in temperature, 大幅に (おおはばに: significantly) or かなり (quite) would be appropriate, not 大げさ.
This usage is incorrect. For a significant improvement in test scores, 大幅に (おおはばに: significantly) or 大きく (おおきく: greatly) would be appropriate, not 大げさ.
32. <u>反省</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
反省 (はんせい) means 'reflection', 'self-reproach', or 'regret for one's actions'. Option 2 correctly uses 反省 to express regret and self-reflection for causing trouble due to insufficient preparation.
Why other options are incorrect:
This usage is incorrect. For trying to remember something, 思い出そうと (おもいだそうと: try to remember) would be appropriate, not 反省.
This usage is incorrect. For reminiscing about memories, 回想して (かいそうして: reminiscing) or 思い出しながら (おもいだしながら: recalling) would be appropriate, not 反省.
This usage is incorrect. For reviewing how to use a machine, 復習して (ふくしゅうして: review) or 確認して (かくにんして: confirm) would be appropriate, not 反省.
問題7 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
33. 卒業論文がなかなか書けなくて、一時は( )かけたが、何とか今日無事に提出することができた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The grammar pattern V-masu stem + かける means 'to be about to V', 'to start V-ing', or 'to be on the verge of V-ing'. Here, あきらめ (the masu stem of あきらめる, 'to give up') + かけた means 'was about to give up'. The sentence means 'I couldn't write my graduation thesis easily, and at one point I was about to give up, but somehow I managed to submit it safely today.'
Why other options are incorrect:
あきらめて is the te-form of あきらめる, which does not combine with かける in this way.
あきらめる is the plain form of the verb, which does not combine with かける in this way.
あきらめた is the past tense of the verb, which does not combine with かける in this way.
34. 子どものころ、母( )作ったハンバーグが大好きで、よく作ってもらった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
の is used here to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'made by mother'. 母の作ったハンバーグ means 'hamburger that mother made'. The sentence means 'When I was a child, I loved the hamburgers my mother made, and she often made them for me.'
Why other options are incorrect:
との is used to indicate 'with' or 'and', which doesn't fit the meaning of 'made by'.
によって means 'by means of' or 'due to', which is grammatically possible but less natural than の for indicating the maker of something in this context.
にとって means 'for' or 'to (someone's perspective)', which is unrelated to the action of making.
35. 多様な情報があふれる現代社会( )、大切なのは、膨大な情報の中から、自分に必要な情報を選ぶ力である。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
において means 'in', 'at', or 'on (a certain place/time/situation)'. It indicates the context or sphere. Here, it means 'In modern society overflowing with diverse information...'. The sentence means 'In modern society overflowing with diverse information, what is important is the ability to choose the information one needs from the vast amount of information.'
Why other options are incorrect:
に加えて (にくわえて) means 'in addition to', which doesn't fit the context of setting the scene.
を基にして (をもとにして) means 'based on', which is unrelated to the context.
を込めて (をこめて) means 'with' or 'filled with (emotion)', which is unrelated to the context.
36. 作文が得意な友達に「どうやったらうまくなれるの?」と聞いたら、「たくさん書けば( )うまくなるよ。」と言われた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
そのうち (そのうち) means 'eventually' or 'sooner or later'. It implies that improvement will happen over time with continued effort. The sentence means 'When I asked my friend who is good at essay writing, 'How can I get better?', they said, 'If you write a lot, you'll get better eventually.''
Why other options are incorrect:
必ずしも (かならずしも) means 'not necessarily' (used with negative), which doesn't fit the positive advice.
たとえ means 'even if' or 'for example', which doesn't fit the context of a future outcome.
さっき means 'a while ago' or 'just now', which refers to past time, not future improvement.
37. 看護師の仕事は夜勤もあって大変だが、自分でこの仕事を選んだ( )、がんばって続けたいと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
V-ta + 以上 (いじょう) means 'now that (V has happened)' or 'since (V happened)'. It implies a logical consequence or obligation. The sentence means 'The job of a nurse is tough with night shifts, but since I chose this job myself, I want to do my best and continue.'
Why other options are incorrect:
とたん (途端) means 'as soon as' or 'the moment', which indicates immediate consequence, not a reason for obligation.
あげくに (挙句に) means 'in the end' or 'after all', often implying a negative or undesirable outcome, which doesn't fit the positive resolve.
かのように means 'as if' or 'as though', which indicates a comparison or semblance, not a reason.
38. <br/>(内線電話で)<br/> 山田「はい、山(やま)田(だ)です。」<br/> 木村「受付の木村ですが、X社の中川様が( )。」<br/> 山田「わかりました。すぐ行きます。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
お越しになりました (おこしになりました) is an honorific expression meaning 'has come' or 'has arrived'. It is appropriate for a receptionist (木村) informing a colleague (山田) about a client's (中川様) arrival, showing respect to the client.
Why other options are incorrect:
伺いました (うかがいました) is a humble expression meaning 'I visited' or 'I asked', used by the speaker about their own actions, not about a client's arrival.
お目にかかりました (おめにかかりました) is a humble expression meaning 'I met', used by the speaker about their own actions, not about a client's arrival.
ございました is a polite past tense of ある/いる (to be/exist), but it's not the appropriate honorific for a person's arrival in this context. It's often used for things or in set phrases.
39. 人は一生のうちどのくらい寝ているのでしょうか。仮に一日 8時間寝て、80歳まで生きる( )。すると、睡眠時間は約 233,600時間で、約 27年寝ている計算になります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
とします (とします) means 'let's assume' or 'let's suppose'. It is used to set up a hypothetical situation or a premise for calculation. The sentence means 'How much does a person sleep in their lifetime? Let's assume they sleep 8 hours a day and live until 80 years old. Then, the total sleep time will be approximately 233,600 hours, which calculates to about 27 years of sleeping.'
Why other options are incorrect:
となりました means 'it became' or 'it turned out to be', indicating a past result, not a hypothetical assumption.
とされていました means 'it was considered to be' or 'it was said to be', indicating a past general understanding, not a specific assumption for calculation.
と見られます means 'it is seen as' or 'it is regarded as', indicating an observation or opinion, not a hypothetical premise.
40. 夢を語る( )誰(だれ)でもできるが、実現させるのは簡単なことではない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
だけなら (だけなら) means 'if it's just (that)' or 'if it's only (that)'. It implies that something is easy or possible if it's limited to that specific action, but the full task is harder. The sentence means 'If it's just talking about dreams, anyone can do it, but realizing them is not easy.'
Why other options are incorrect:
だけでは (だけでは) means 'only by doing that, it's not enough' or 'just that is insufficient', which implies a negative consequence if only that action is taken. This doesn't fit the context of 'anyone can do it'.
ためしか is not a standard grammatical pattern.
ためには (ためには) means 'in order to', which indicates purpose, not a limited condition.
41.(説明書で)<br/> エアコンを掃除するときは、安全上、必ずコンセントを( )してください。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The phrase 抜いてからにしてください (ぬいてからにしてください) means 'please do it after unplugging'. The pattern V-te kara ni suru means 'to make it V after doing something', indicating a necessary prior action for safety. The sentence means 'When cleaning the air conditioner, for safety, please be sure to unplug it first.'
Why other options are incorrect:
抜いたことを (ぬいたことを) means 'the fact that you unplugged', which doesn't fit the imperative instruction.
抜いたことが (ぬいたことが) means 'the fact that you unplugged', which doesn't fit the imperative instruction.
抜いてからは (ぬいてからは) means 'after unplugging, then...', which implies a sequence but doesn't form a natural imperative phrase like the correct option.
42. 私はスピーチが苦手なのに、今度友達の結婚パーティーでスピーチを( )、困っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
することになってしまって (することになってしまって) means 'it has been decided that I have to do it (and it's a problem/regrettable)'. The pattern V-ru koto ni naru means 'it is decided that V will happen', and ~te shimau adds a nuance of regret or completion. The sentence means 'Even though I'm bad at speeches, it's been decided that I have to give a speech at my friend's wedding party, so I'm troubled.'
Why other options are incorrect:
しにくくて (しにくくて) means 'difficult to do', which describes the speaker's ability, but not the reason for their predicament.
してほしくて (してほしくて) means 'wanting someone to do it (for me)', which is the opposite of the speaker having to do it.
させてみたくて (させてみたくて) means 'wanting to try letting someone do it', which is unrelated to the speaker's situation.
43. せっかく、夕日がきれいなことで有名な A海岸に来たのに、急に雨が降り出した。どうも夕日は( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
見られそうにない (みられそうにない) means 'it doesn't look like I'll be able to see it'. The pattern V-rare-sou ni nai indicates that something is unlikely to happen, especially when it's a passive possibility. The sentence means 'Even though I came all the way to A Beach, famous for its beautiful sunsets, it suddenly started raining. It seems I won't be able to see the sunset.'
Why other options are incorrect:
見えてもしかたない (みえてもしかたない) means 'even if I see it, it can't be helped', which doesn't fit the context of not being able to see it at all.
見られないことだった (みられないことだった) means 'it was something I couldn't see', which refers to a past fact, not a present unlikelihood.
見えないことがあった (みえないことがあった) means 'there were times I couldn't see it', which refers to past occurrences, not the current situation.
44.山川「中村くん、毎日ジョギング( )?」<br/> 中村「うん、そうなんだよ。」<br/> 山川「実は、ぼくもなんだよ。走るっていいよね。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
してるんだって (してるんだって) is a casual way of asking 'Is it true that you're doing...?' or 'I heard you're doing...?'. It fits the context of Yamakawa asking Nakamura about his daily jogging habit, implying he heard about it or noticed it. The conversation means: Yamakawa: 'Nakamura, I heard you're jogging every day?' Nakamura: 'Yeah, that's right.' Yamakawa: 'Actually, me too. Running is great, isn't it?'
Why other options are incorrect:
しない (しない) means 'don't do', which would be a direct negative question, not a casual inquiry about a habit.
しててもいい (しててもいい) means 'it's okay even if you do', which is a permission or acceptance, not a question about a habit.
しちゃえば (しちゃえば) means 'if you just do it', which is a suggestion or hypothetical, not a question about an ongoing habit.
問題 8 次の文の _★_に入る最もよいものを、1・ 2・ 3・ 4から一つ選びなさい。
45. 結婚生活を送る ___ ___ _★_ ___ 、相手への思いやりの気持ちを持つことだと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is: 「結婚生活を送るうえで何が大切かといえば、相手への思いやりの気持ちを持つことだと思う。」This translates to 'If you ask what is important in living a married life, I think it's having a feeling of consideration for your partner.' The phrase 'うえで何が大切かといえば' (if you talk about what is important in doing something) is a common grammatical structure. Therefore, '大切か' fits the '★' position.
Why other options are incorrect:
うえで (上で) means 'in the process of' or 'for the purpose of'. It should come after '結婚生活を送る' and before '何が'.
といえば (と言えば) means 'speaking of' or 'if you talk about'. It should come at the end of the conditional clause, after '大切か'.
何が (なにが) means 'what is'. It should come before '大切か'.
46.就職したときに ___ ___ _★_ ___ とうとう壊れたので、買い換えることにした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is: 「就職したときに買って以来ずっと使っていたかばんが、とうとう壊れたので、買い換えることにした。」This translates to 'The bag I had been using ever since I bought it when I got a job finally broke, so I decided to buy a new one.' The phrase '買って以来ずっと使っていた' (had been using ever since buying) describes the bag. Therefore, '使っていた' fits the '★' position.
Why other options are incorrect:
ずっと means 'all along' or 'continuously'. It should come after '買って以来' and before '使っていた'.
買って以来 (かって以来) means 'ever since buying'. It should come after '就職したときに' and before 'ずっと'.
かばんが (bag) is the subject of the sentence and should come after the descriptive clause, at the end of the blank section.
47. 登山には不思議な魅力がある。登っているときはこんなに ___ ___ _★_ ___ なぜかま た登りたくなる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is: 「登山には不思議な魅力がある。登っているときはこんなに苦しいことは二度としたくないと思うのに、山を下りて何日かすると、なぜかまた登りたくなる。」This translates to 'Mountain climbing has a mysterious charm. While climbing, I think 'I never want to do anything this painful again,' but a few days after descending the mountain, for some reason, I want to climb again.' The phrase '苦しいことは二度としたくないと思うのに' (even though I think I never want to do anything this painful again) sets up a contrast. Therefore, '思うのに' fits the '★' position.
Why other options are incorrect:
二度としたくないと (にどとしたくないと) means 'don't want to do twice'. It should come after '苦しいことは' and before '思うのに'.
苦しいことは (くるしいことは) means 'painful things'. It should come after 'こんなに' and before '二度としたくないと'.
山を下りて何日かすると (やまをおりてなんにちかすると) means 'a few days after descending the mountain'. This phrase introduces the second part of the sentence and should come after '思うのに'.
48. 彫刻家川村たけるが作る動物の彫刻作品は、形はシンプル ___ ___ ___ _★_ 生命力に あふれている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is: 「彫刻家川村たけるが作る動物の彫刻作品は、形はシンプルながら今にも動き出しそうな生命力にあふれている。」This translates to 'The animal sculptures created by sculptor Kawamura Takeru, while simple in form, are full of vitality as if they could start moving at any moment.' The phrase '今にも動き出しそうな' (looks like it could start moving at any moment) describes the vitality. Therefore, 'そうな' fits the '★' position.
Why other options are incorrect:
動き出し (うごきだし) is the masu stem of 動き出す (to start moving). It should come before 'そうな'.
ながら means 'while' or 'although'. It should come after 'シンプル' and before '今にも'.
今にも (いまにも) means 'at any moment'. It should come after 'ながら' and before '動き出し'.
49. ビジネスで成功できる人とできない人の違いは、どんなに大変な状況でもあきらめずに ___ ___ ___ _★_ と思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is: 「ビジネスで成功できる人とできない人の違いは、どんなに大変な状況でもあきらめずに最後まで取り組めるかどうかにあると思う。」This translates to 'I think the difference between people who can succeed in business and those who cannot lies in whether they can persevere until the end without giving up, no matter how difficult the situation.' The phrase 'かどうかにある' (lies in whether or not) is a common structure to express where the difference lies. Therefore, 'にある' fits the '★' position.
Why other options are incorrect:
かどうか means 'whether or not'. It should come after '取り組める' and before 'にある'.
取り組める (とりくめる) means 'can tackle' or 'can work on'. It should come after '最後まで' and before 'かどうか'.
最後まで (さいごまで) means 'until the end'. It should come after 'あきらめずに' and before '取り組める'.
問題 9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、( 50 )から( 54 )の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
日本発のトイレマーク
公衆トイレの入り口に描かれている男女の絵のマーク。そのマークがあれば、文字で「トイレ」と書かれていなくても、そこがトイレであることがわかる。世界のあちこちで使われているこのトイレマークが実は日本で生まれたものだということを 【 50 】。
トイレマークが生まれたのは、1964年の東京オリンピックがきっかけだ。この東京オリンピックは、アルファベットを使わない国での初めての開催であったため、特に問題になったのが、言葉の壁だった。当時、日本国内の案内板は「お手洗い」などと日本語で書かれているものがほとんどだった。【 51 】、それでは世界 90数か国から来日する選手たちに理解してもらえない。かといって、参加国すべての国の言葉で書くわけにもいかない。そこで、案内板作成者たちは、あらゆる国の選手が理解できるよう、絵で表すことを考えた。【 52】、トイレマークなのだ。
そのほかにも、食堂、シャワー、公衆電話等の施設や設備を表すマークや、水泳、バレーボール等の競技を表すマークも作られた。競技を表すマークは、この東京オリンピックで初めて全面的に導入され、高い評価を受けた。そして、その後のオリンピックでもデザインを変えながら毎回【 53 】。トイレマークに代表されるように、東京オリンピックをきっかけに日本で生まれたマークが、言葉の壁を越え、今や新たなコミュニケーション手段として、世界に広がっている。それは、あらゆる人にわかりやすくという思いが世界に届いた 【 54 】。
English Summary & Annotations
【 50 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ご存じだろうか (ごぞんじだろうか) is a polite way to ask 'Do you know?' or 'Perhaps you know?'. It fits the conversational and inquisitive tone of a magazine column introducing a surprising fact.
Why other options are incorrect:
ご存じなわけだ means 'it means you know' or 'it's natural that you know', which is a statement, not a question.
ご存じのようだ means 'it seems you know', which is an observation, not a direct question to the reader.
ご存じだからだろう means 'it's probably because you know', which is a conjecture, not a question.
【 51 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The preceding sentence states that most signs were in Japanese. The following sentence states that athletes from many countries wouldn't understand. Therefore, a conjunction indicating contrast or contradiction is needed. しかし (however, but) fits perfectly to introduce the problem.
Why other options are incorrect:
それに means 'in addition' or 'moreover', which would add information, not introduce a contrasting problem.
または means 'or', which indicates an alternative, not a contradiction.
それどころか means 'on the contrary' or 'far from it', which implies a stronger reversal than what is needed here.
【 52 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
こうして生まれたのが (こうしてうまれたのが) means 'This is how [something] was born'. It logically connects the previous sentence (the idea of using pictures) to the next (the toilet mark itself), indicating the result of their efforts.
Why other options are incorrect:
作成者が理解したのは (さくせいしゃがりかいしたのは) means 'what the creators understood was', which doesn't fit the context of something being created.
日本で考えられたのが (にほんでかんがえられたのが) means 'what was thought of in Japan was', which is grammatically possible but less direct and natural than 'こうして生まれたのが' for describing the birth of the mark.
ここに生み出したのは (ここにうみだしたのは) means 'what was created here was', which is grammatically awkward and less natural in this context.
【 53 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
使用されている (しようされている) means 'are being used' (passive, continuous form). This fits the context that the marks received high praise and have continued to be used in subsequent Olympics, with design changes.
Why other options are incorrect:
使用した点だ (しようしたてんだ) means 'it's the point that they were used', which is grammatically awkward and doesn't convey the ongoing usage.
使用していける (しようしていける) means 'can continue to use', which implies possibility, not a statement of fact about their actual use.
使用したいものだ (しようしたいものだ) means 'it's something they want to use', which expresses desire, not actual usage.
【 54 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
結果に違いない (けっかにちがいない) means 'it must be the result' or 'it is undoubtedly the result'. This expresses strong conviction that the global spread of these marks is a direct outcome of the desire to make things universally understandable.
Why other options are incorrect:
結果として表れるかもしれない (けっかとしてあらわれるかもしれない) means 'it might appear as a result', which expresses uncertainty, not conviction.
結果のはずだった (けっかのはずだった) means 'it was supposed to be the result', which implies that the expected outcome did not happen, contradicting the positive tone.
結果でなければならなかった (けっかでなければならなかった) means 'it had to be the result', which implies necessity or obligation, but 'に違いない' expresses a stronger certainty based on observation.