JLPT Test N2 in 07/2018
問題1: ___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
1. 私は少し<u>怖い</u>と思いました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The kanji 怖い means 'scary' or 'frightening'. Its correct reading is こわい. The sentence means 'I felt a little scared.'
Why other options are incorrect:
つらい (tsurai) means 'painful' or 'hard'.
きつい (kitsui) means 'tight', 'strict', or 'tough'.
ゆるい (yurui) means 'loose' or 'lenient'.
2. この食品は<u>冷蔵庫</u>で保存してください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
冷蔵庫 (れいぞうこ: reizouko) means 'refrigerator'. The sentence means 'Please store this food in the refrigerator.'
Why other options are incorrect:
れいとうこ (reitouko) would be 冷凍庫, meaning 'freezer'.
This is an incorrect reading for 冷蔵庫.
This is an incorrect reading for 冷凍庫 and 冷蔵庫.
3. 今年の支出は<u>総額</u>で約5,300万円だった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
総額 (そうがく: sougaku) means 'total amount' or 'gross amount'. The sentence means 'This year's expenditure was approximately 53 million yen in total.'
Why other options are incorrect:
こうがく (kougaku) would be 高額, meaning 'large sum of money'.
This is an incorrect reading for 総額.
This is an incorrect reading for 高額.
4. まだ<u>湿って</u>いるから、もう少し待ちましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
湿って (しめって: shimette) is the te-form of 湿る, meaning 'to be wet' or 'to be damp'. The sentence means 'It's still damp, so let's wait a little longer.'
Why other options are incorrect:
こおって (kootte) is the te-form of 凍る, meaning 'to freeze'.
にごって (nigotte) is the te-form of 濁る, meaning 'to become cloudy/muddy'.
たまって (tamatte) is the te-form of 溜まる, meaning 'to accumulate' or 'to collect'.
5. 応募者には<u>抽選</u>でプレゼントが当たります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
抽選 (ちゅうせん: chuusen) means 'lottery' or 'drawing'. The sentence means 'Applicants will win a prize by lottery.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 抽選.
This is an incorrect reading for 抽選.
This is an incorrect reading for 抽選.
問題2 の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つ 選びなさい。
6. この国にはまだ<u>ゆたか</u>な自然が残されている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ゆたか (yutaka) means 'abundant' or 'rich'. The correct kanji is 豊か. The sentence means 'This country still has abundant nature remaining.'
Why other options are incorrect:
恵 (megumi) means 'blessing' or 'grace'. This kanji is not used for ゆたか.
富 (tomi) means 'wealth'. This kanji is not used for ゆたか.
満 (man) means 'full' or 'satisfaction'. This kanji is not used for ゆたか.
7. このセミナーの目標は、「自分で考える力」を<u>やしなう</u>ことです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
やしなう (yashinau) means 'to cultivate', 'to foster', or 'to nourish'. The correct kanji is 養う. The sentence means 'The goal of this seminar is to cultivate the ability to think for oneself.'
Why other options are incorrect:
得 (eru) means 'to obtain' or 'to gain'.
築 (kizuku) means 'to build' or 'to construct'.
育 (sodateru) means 'to raise' or 'to bring up'.
8. ガラスの<u>はへん</u>を踏まないように気をつけてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
はへん (hahen) means 'fragment' or 'splinter'. The correct kanji is 破片. The sentence means 'Please be careful not to step on glass fragments.'
Why other options are incorrect:
被 (hi) means 'to be covered' or 'to suffer'. This kanji is incorrect in this context.
辺 (hen) means 'side' or 'edge'. This kanji is incorrect for 'fragment'.
Both kanji are incorrect in this context.
9. 工場の入り口には夜間でも<u>けいび</u>の人がいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
けいび (keibi) means 'security' or 'guard'. The correct kanji is 警備. The sentence means 'There is a security guard at the factory entrance even at night.'
Why other options are incorrect:
秘 (hi) means 'secret'. This kanji is incorrect in this context.
係 (kakari) means 'person in charge'. This kanji is incorrect in this context.
Both kanji are incorrect in this context.
10.時間がないので、詳しい説明は<u>はぶきます</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
はぶきます (habukimasu) is the polite form of 省く, meaning 'to omit' or 'to leave out'. The sentence means 'Since there's no time, I will omit the detailed explanation.'
Why other options are incorrect:
略す (ryakusu) means 'to abbreviate' or 'to omit', but the reading is different.
除く (nozoku) means 'to remove' or 'to exclude'.
抜く (nuku) means 'to pull out' or 'to extract'.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
11. 正月もスキー ( )は、人でいっぱいだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
スキー場 (sukii-jou) means 'ski resort' or 'ski area'. 場 (jou/ba) is commonly used to refer to a place or venue. The sentence means 'The ski resort is full of people even during New Year's.'
Why other options are incorrect:
所 (tokoro) means 'place', but スキー所 is not a common compound.
区 (ku) means 'district' or 'ward'.
地 (chi/ji) means 'ground' or 'land', but スキー地 is not a common compound.
12. ( )学期から新しいプログラムが始まる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
来学期 (raigakki) means 'next semester'. 来 (rai) means 'next' or 'coming'. The sentence means 'A new program will start from next semester.'
Why other options are incorrect:
明 (mei/aka) means 'bright' or 'next (day)'. 明学期 is not a common term.
近 (kin/chika) means 'near'. 近学期 is not a common term.
隣 (rin/tonari) means 'next door' or 'neighboring'. 隣学期 is not a common term.
13. この高校は進学(.)が非常に高く、ほとんどの生徒が大学に進む。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
進学率 (shingaku-ritsu) means 'university admission rate' or 'rate of students advancing to higher education'. 率 (ritsu) means 'rate' or 'percentage'. The sentence means 'This high school has a very high university admission rate, and most students go on to university.'
Why other options are incorrect:
量 (ryou) means 'quantity' or 'amount'.
値 (atai) means 'value' or 'price'.
割 (wari) means 'ratio' or 'proportion', often used in percentages (e.g., 3割 = 30%). While related to rates, 率 is the more appropriate term for 'admission rate'.
14. 大臣の下に二人の ( ) 大臣がいるのが一般的です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
副大臣 (fuku-daijin) means 'vice minister' or 'deputy minister'. 副 (fuku) means 'vice' or 'deputy'. The sentence means 'It is common for there to be two vice ministers under a minister.'
Why other options are incorrect:
補 (ho) means 'supplement' or 'assist', as in 補佐 (hosa: assistant). 補大臣 is not a standard term.
助 (jo) means 'help' or 'assist', as in 助手 (joshu: assistant). 助大臣 is not a standard term.
次 (ji/tsugi) means 'next'. 次大臣 is not a standard term.
15. スポーツテストの結果を学年( )に見ると、一年生だけが昨年を上回っていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
学年別 (gakunen-betsu) means 'by grade level'. 別 (betsu) is a suffix meaning 'separate' or 'by category'. The sentence means 'Looking at the sports test results by grade level, only the first-year students surpassed last year's results.'
Why other options are incorrect:
境 (kyou/sakai) means 'boundary' or 'border'.
段 (dan) means 'step' or 'level', but not used in this context.
節 (setsu/fushi) means 'section' or 'joint'.
問題4 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
16. 昨日の試合では実力を( )できず、一試合目で負けてしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
発揮 (hakki) means 'to display', 'to exhibit', or 'to demonstrate (one's ability)'. 実力を発揮する (jitsuryoku o hakki suru) is a common phrase meaning 'to demonstrate one's ability'. The sentence means 'In yesterday's match, I couldn't demonstrate my ability and lost in the first game.'
Why other options are incorrect:
表現 (hyougen) means 'expression' or 'representation'. While related to showing something, it doesn't fit as naturally with 実力 as 発揮.
明示 (meiji) means 'clear indication' or 'explicit statement'.
公開 (koukai) means 'public release' or 'open to the public'.
17. 料理本を見ながら、自分の好みに合うように味付けを( )する。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
アレンジ (arenji) is a loanword from 'arrange', meaning 'to arrange', 'to adapt', or 'to customize'. In cooking, it means to adjust or modify a recipe to one's taste. The sentence means 'While looking at the cookbook, I will arrange the seasoning to suit my taste.'
Why other options are incorrect:
コメント (komento) means 'comment'.
デザイン (dezain) means 'design'.
ケア (kea) means 'care'.
18. あの人が描く絵には、ほかの人の絵にはない( )の雰囲気がある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
独特 (dokutoku) means 'unique' or 'peculiar'. It fits the context of an artist having a style not found in others' works. The sentence means 'The paintings that person draws have a unique atmosphere not found in others' paintings.'
Why other options are incorrect:
専属 (senzoku) means 'exclusive' or 'private'.
限定 (gentei) means 'limited' or 'restricted'.
孤立 (koritsu) means 'isolation' or 'solitude'.
19. 父は、どんなに忙しいときでも、朝の運動を( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
欠かさない (kakasanai) is the negative form of 欠かす (kakasu), meaning 'to miss' or 'to fail to do'. 欠かさない means 'never miss' or 'always do'. The sentence means 'My father never misses his morning exercise, no matter how busy he is.'
Why other options are incorrect:
空ける (akeru) means 'to empty' or 'to make space'. 空けない means 'don't empty/make space'.
離す (hanasu) means 'to separate' or 'to let go'. 離さない means 'don't let go'.
奪う (ubau) means 'to snatch' or 'to take away'. 奪わない means 'don't snatch/take away'.
20. クイズの答えがわからなくて( ) 答えたのに、正解だった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
でたらめに (detarame ni) means 'randomly', 'recklessly', or 'without thinking'. It fits the context of guessing an answer. The sentence means 'I didn't know the answer to the quiz, so I answered randomly, but it was correct.'
Why other options are incorrect:
わがままに (wagamama ni) means 'selfishly' or 'willfully'.
ぎざぎざに (gizagiza ni) means 'jaggedly' or 'notched'.
ごちゃごちゃに (gochagocha ni) means 'in a mess' or 'disorderly'.
21. 昨夜はこの冬でいちばんの寒さとなり、最低気温はマイナス20度に( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
達した (tasshita) is the past tense of 達する (tassuru), meaning 'to reach' or 'to arrive at'. It is used when a value or level reaches a certain point. The sentence means 'Last night was the coldest of this winter, and the minimum temperature reached minus 20 degrees Celsius.'
Why other options are incorrect:
減った (hetta) is the past tense of 減る (heru), meaning 'to decrease' or 'to reduce'.
通じた (tsuujita) is the past tense of 通じる (tsuujiru), meaning 'to be understood' or 'to be connected'.
沈んだ (shizunda) is the past tense of 沈む (shizumu), meaning 'to sink' or 'to set (sun)'.
22. 来月の結婚式に向けて準備が ( ) 進んでいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
着々と (chakuchaku to) means 'steadily' or 'step by step'. It describes progress that is sure and continuous. The sentence means 'Preparations for next month's wedding are steadily progressing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
慎重に (shinchou ni) means 'cautiously' or 'carefully'.
いちいち (ichiichi) means 'one by one' or 'in detail (often with a negative nuance of being overly meticulous or complaining about every little thing)'.
ぐんぐん (gungun) means 'rapidly' or 'quickly', implying fast and vigorous progress. While progress is implied, 着々と emphasizes the steady and sure nature of preparation.
問題5の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
23. 車にボールを<u>当てて</u>、しかられた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
当てる (ateru) means 'to hit' or 'to strike'. ぶつける (butsukeru) also means 'to hit' or 'to strike (against something)', often implying a forceful impact. They are very close in meaning in this context. The sentence means 'I hit the car with a ball and was scolded.'
Why other options are incorrect:
隠す (kakusu) means 'to hide'.
落とす (otosu) means 'to drop'.
詰める (tsumeru) means 'to pack' or 'to stuff'.
24. その作家は<u>あわれな</u>人生を送った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あわれな (aware na) means 'pitiable', 'miserable', or 'pathetic'. かわいそうな (kawaisou na) means 'pitiable' or 'poor thing'. They are synonyms. The sentence means 'That writer lived a pitiable life.'
Why other options are incorrect:
退屈な (taikutsu na) means 'boring' or 'tedious'.
おかしな (okashi na) means 'strange' or 'funny'.
不安な (fuan na) means 'anxious' or 'uneasy'.
25. <u>当分</u>は使わない予定です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
当分 (toubun) means 'for the time being' or 'for a while'. しばらく (shibaraku) also means 'for a while' or 'for some time'. They are synonyms. The sentence means 'I don't plan to use it for a while.'
Why other options are incorrect:
これから (korekara) means 'from now on' or 'hereafter'.
全部 (zenbu) means 'all' or 'everything'.
今回 (konkai) means 'this time'.
26. 留学の話が<u>一転</u>した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
一転 (itten) means 'a complete change' or 'a sudden turn'. すっかり変わった (sukkari kawatta) means 'completely changed'. The sentence means 'The study abroad plan completely changed.'
Why other options are incorrect:
急に止まった (kyuu ni tomatta) means 'suddenly stopped'.
少し進んだ (sukoshi susunda) means 'progressed a little'.
とうとう許された (toutou yurusareta) means 'finally permitted'.
27. テストの前日になって<u>じたばたしても</u>しかたない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
じたばたする (jitabata suru) means 'to struggle', 'to flail about', or 'to fuss (in a panic)'. 慌てる (awateru) means 'to panic' or 'to be flustered'. じたばたしてもしかたない means 'it's no use panicking/flailing'. The sentence means 'It's no use panicking the day before the test.'
Why other options are incorrect:
心配する (shinpai suru) means 'to worry'.
緊張する (kinchou suru) means 'to be nervous' or 'to be tense'.
悩む (nayamu) means 'to be troubled' or 'to worry'.
問題6 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
28. <u>役目</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
役目 (yakume) refers to one's role, duty, or responsibility. Option 4 correctly uses 役目 to describe a manager's responsibility to teach subordinates. The sentence means 'Teaching subordinates is one of the manager's duties.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This sentence uses 役目 (yakume) to mean 'role' in a play, but 役 (yaku) is more appropriate for a theatrical role. 役目 is more about duty/responsibility.
This sentence implies that walking every morning has become a duty for health, but 習慣 (shuukan: habit) or 日課 (nikka: daily routine) would be more natural here.
This sentence implies that Mr. Ikeda is the 'duty' of cleaning, which is grammatically awkward. 担当 (tantou: person in charge) or 当番 (touban: person on duty) would be more appropriate.
29. <u>最寄り</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
最寄り (moyori) means 'nearest' or 'closest'. It is typically used with places (e.g., 最寄りの駅: nearest station). Option 1 correctly uses 最寄り to refer to the nearest shop. The sentence means 'It's a 30-minute walk to the nearest shop.'
Why other options are incorrect:
最寄り is not used for people. 親しい (shitashii: close) or 仲の良い (naka no ii: good friends) would be appropriate for a close friend.
最寄り is not used for time. 次の (tsugi no: next) or 直近の (chokkin no: most recent/upcoming) would be appropriate for the next exam.
最寄り is not used for people in this context. 隣の (tonari no: next to) or 近くの (chikaku no: nearby) would be appropriate for a person next to you.
30. <u>解約</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
解約 (kaiyaku) means 'cancellation of a contract' or 'termination of an agreement'. It is commonly used for services, accounts, or contracts. Option 2 correctly uses 解約 for closing a bank account. The sentence means 'Since I'm returning to my home country after a year of studying abroad, I closed my bank account.'
Why other options are incorrect:
解約 is not used for retracting a statement. 撤回 (tekkai: retraction) or 取り消し (torikeshi: cancellation) would be appropriate.
解約 is not used for canceling a meeting. 中止 (chuushi: cancellation) or 取り消し (torikeshi: cancellation) would be appropriate.
解約 is not used for resolving a deficit. 解消 (kaishou: resolution) or 克服 (kokufuku: overcoming) would be appropriate.
31. <u>演説</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
演説 (enzetsu) refers to a formal speech, typically given by a politician or public figure on a serious topic, often with a persuasive or declarative purpose. Option 2, describing the Prime Minister's speech in the Diet, is the most appropriate use. The sentence means 'The Prime Minister stated his determination to prioritize economic measures in his speech at the Diet yesterday.'
Why other options are incorrect:
For a graduation ceremony, 答辞 (touji: valedictory address) or スピーチ (supiichi: speech) would be more natural than 演説, which implies a more formal, political, or persuasive tone.
For an athlete's post-game statement, 談話 (danwa: talk/statement) or インタビュー (intabyuu: interview) would be more appropriate. 演説 is too formal and political.
For a company president's statement at a press conference, 発表 (happyou: announcement) or 説明 (setsumei: explanation) would be more suitable. While a speech is given, 演説 implies a more political or ideological address.
32. <u>きっぱり</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
きっぱり (kippari) means 'flatly', 'clearly', 'decisively', or 'bluntly'. It is used to describe a firm and unambiguous action or statement. Option 3 correctly uses きっぱり to describe a firm refusal. The sentence means 'Ms. Suzuki flatly refused Mr. Ishikawa's invitation for a date.'
Why other options are incorrect:
きっぱり is not used for clear vision. はっきり (hakkiri: clearly) would be appropriate here.
きっぱり is not used for being completely fed up. すっかり (sukkari: completely) or うんざり (unzari: fed up) would be more appropriate.
きっぱり is not used for remembering clearly. はっきり (hakkiri: clearly) would be appropriate here.
問題7次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
33. 昨日泊まったホテルの部屋は、シングルルーム ( )広かった.
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~にしては (ni shite wa) means 'for a ~' or 'considering ~'. It expresses that something is contrary to what one would expect from the given condition. Here, it means 'considering it's a single room'. The sentence means 'The hotel room I stayed in yesterday was spacious for a single room.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~ばかりか (bakari ka) means 'not only ~ but also ~'.
~を問わず (o towazu) means 'regardless of ~'.
~かというと (ka to iu to) means 'when you say ~' or 'if you ask whether ~'.
34. (店の前で) 客: 「すみません、開店はまだですか。」 店員:「( ) 開店いたしますので、もう少々お待ちください。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
まもなく (mamonaku) means 'soon' or 'shortly'. It is used to indicate that something will happen in a very short time. The store clerk is saying the store will open soon. The sentence means 'Customer: 'Excuse me, are you open yet?' Clerk: 'We will open shortly, so please wait a little longer.'
Why other options are incorrect:
いまにも (imaにも) means 'at any moment' or 'about to (do something)', often implying a negative or imminent event (e.g., about to cry, about to collapse).
ほとんど (hotondo) means 'almost' or 'hardly (ever)'.
いつのまに (itsu no ma ni) means 'before one knows it' or 'unnoticed'.
35. 北山には、初心者でも楽しめるハイキングコースや上級者( )コースなど、いくつかの登山コースがあります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~向け (muke) means 'for ~' or 'intended for ~'. It indicates the target audience or purpose. Here, it means 'courses for advanced hikers'. The sentence means 'Mount Kitayama has several climbing courses, including hiking courses enjoyable for beginners and courses for advanced climbers.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~ほど (hodo) means 'to the extent that ~' or 'about ~'.
~きり (kiri) means 'only ~' or 'since ~'.
~どおり (doori) means 'as ~' or 'in accordance with ~'.
36. 昨日、高熱が出たので病院に行った( )、インフルエンザと診断された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~ところ (tokoro) is used to indicate that something happened or was discovered at the point of doing something. Here, it means 'when I went to the hospital, I was diagnosed'. The sentence means 'Yesterday, I had a high fever, so when I went to the hospital, I was diagnosed with influenza.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~場合 (baai) means 'in the case of ~' or 'if ~'.
~以上 (ijou) means 'since ~' or 'now that ~'.
~ことに (koto ni) is used to express a feeling or judgment (e.g., 驚いたことに: to my surprise).
37. 散歩が大好きなうちの犬が、今日は散歩に ( )。具合でも悪いのだろうか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~たがる (tagaru) expresses that someone (other than the speaker) shows signs of wanting to do something. The negative form ~たがらない means 'does not show signs of wanting to do'. The sentence means 'My dog, who loves walks, didn't seem to want to go for a walk today. I wonder if he's feeling unwell.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~なければよかった (nakereba yokatta) means 'I wish I hadn't gone' (expressing regret).
~てほしくなかった (te hoshikunakatta) means 'I didn't want (someone) to go'.
行きたくなかった (ikitakunakatta) means 'I didn't want to go'. This is the speaker's own desire, not observing someone else's.
38. 市長は、記者会見で「高速道路建設に反対している市民も少なくないのだから、市長として、そのことを無視して建設計画を( )。」と述べた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~わけにはいかない (wake ni wa ikanai) means 'cannot (do something)' or 'it's impossible to (do something)' due to social rules, common sense, or one's position. Here, the mayor cannot ignore the opposing citizens and proceed with the plan. The sentence means 'The mayor stated at the press conference, 'Since there are not a few citizens opposing the highway construction, as mayor, I cannot ignore that and proceed with the construction plan.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~そうにない (sou ni nai) means 'unlikely to ~' or 'doesn't look like ~'.
~てもかまわない (temo kamawanai) means 'it's fine to ~' or 'it doesn't matter if ~'.
~ずにはいられない (zu ni wa irarenai) means 'cannot help but ~' or 'cannot stop oneself from ~'.
39. (スピーチで) 「本日は弊社創立50周年記念パーティーにお越しくださりありがとうございます。社長の小林でございます。社を代表して、私から一言ごあいさつ ( )。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
申し上げます (moushiagemasu) is the humble form of 言う (iu: to say) or する (suru: to do). It is used when the speaker is humbly performing an action for a superior or audience. Here, the president is humbly giving a greeting. The sentence means 'Thank you for coming to our company's 50th-anniversary party today. I am Kobayashi, the president. On behalf of the company, I would like to say a few words of greeting.'
Why other options are incorrect:
されます (saremasu) is the passive or honorific form of する (suru: to do). It would be used for someone else's action, not the speaker's humble action.
うかがいます (ukagaimasu) is the humble form of 聞く (kiku: to ask/listen) or 訪ねる (tazuneru: to visit).
おっしゃいます (osshaimasu) is the honorific form of 言う (iu: to say). It is used for someone else's action, not the speaker's.
40.そのバッグは、どこにでもあるような物なのに、人気歌手が愛用している( )、1万個も売れたそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~というだけで (to iu dake de) means 'just because ~' or 'simply because ~'. It emphasizes that a small reason or fact is enough to cause a significant outcome. The sentence means 'That bag is something you can find anywhere, but just because a popular singer uses it, 10,000 units were reportedly sold.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~とすること (to suru koto) means 'to make it that ~' or 'to decide that ~'.
~というだけ (to iu dake) means 'just that ~' or 'only that ~'. While similar, the particle で is needed to indicate the cause/reason.
~とすることを (to suru koto o) is grammatically incomplete in this context.
41. ホテルのフロント係として働き始めたころは、「どんなに忙しくてもお客様には疲れた顔を( )。」と先輩によく注意された。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~ないように (nai you ni) means 'so that ~ doesn't happen' or 'in order not to ~'. It expresses a negative purpose or effort to prevent something. The sentence means 'When I started working as a hotel front desk clerk, my senior often warned me, 'No matter how busy you are, make sure not to show a tired face to customers.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~ないために (nai tame ni) means 'for the purpose of not ~' or 'in order not to ~'. While similar, ~ないように is more natural for expressing a general effort or instruction to avoid something.
見えないこと (mienai koto) means 'the fact that it cannot be seen'.
見えないもの (mienai mono) means 'something that cannot be seen'.
42. 母 :「たかし、寝る前に必ず明日の準備を( )。朝、慌てて準備すると絶対忘れ物するから。」 たかし:「大丈夫、もう終わってるよ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~ておく (te oku) means 'to do something in advance' or 'to leave something as it is'. ~なさい (nasai) is a command form. So, しておきなさい means 'do it in advance'. The mother is instructing Takashi to prepare for tomorrow beforehand. The sentence means 'Mother: 'Takashi, be sure to prepare for tomorrow before you go to bed. If you rush in the morning, you'll definitely forget something.' Takashi: 'It's okay, I've already finished.'
Why other options are incorrect:
してある (shite aru) means 'it has been done (and is in a certain state)'. This is a statement of fact, not an instruction.
してあるんじゃないの (shite aru n ja nai no) means 'Isn't it already done?' (a question or confirmation).
しておいたの (shite oita no) means 'Did you do it in advance?' (a question) or 'I did it in advance' (a statement).
43. X社に入社すると、新入社員は、まず電話の応対の練習を2週間( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~させられる (saserareru) is the passive-causative form, meaning 'to be made to do' or 'to be forced to do'. ~そうだ (sou da) means 'I hear that' or 'it seems that'. So, させられるそうだ means 'I hear that they are made to do'. The sentence means 'I hear that when new employees join Company X, they are first made to practice answering the phone for two weeks.'
Why other options are incorrect:
させるつもりだ (saseru tsumori da) means 'intend to make (someone) do'.
させられたままだ (saserareta mama da) means 'remain in the state of being made to do'.
させているところだ (sasete iru tokoro da) means 'in the process of making (someone) do'.
44. 田中:「次回の勉強会のテーマは何にしましょうか。」 山下:「私は消費者心理に興味があります。」 石川:「それも面白そうですが、私はアンケートの分析方法を( )。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~てみてはどうか (temite wa dou ka) is a polite suggestion, meaning 'How about trying to ~?' or 'Why don't we try to ~?'. 石川 is suggesting a topic for the study group. The sentence means 'Tanaka: 'What should be the theme for the next study session?' Yamashita: 'I'm interested in consumer psychology.' Ishikawa: 'That sounds interesting, but how about we try taking up survey analysis methods?'
Why other options are incorrect:
取り上げようとするでしょうか (toriageyou to suru deshou ka) means 'Will (someone) try to take up ~?' (a question about someone else's intention).
取り上げるようになるでしょうか (toriageru you ni naru deshou ka) means 'Will it become such that (we) take up ~?' (a question about a future state).
取り上げたいのだろうと思います (toriagetai no darou to omoimasu) means 'I think (someone) probably wants to take up ~' (a guess about someone else's desire).
問題8: 次の文の_★_ に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
45. どんなスポーツでも、日々の練習が___ _★_ ___ ___ 行うと時間をかけてもなかなか上達しない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 日々の練習が **上達に** **欠かせないのは** **もちろんだが** **間違った方法で** 行うと時間をかけてもなかなか上達しない。 The phrase '上達に欠かせないのはもちろんだが' means 'it goes without saying that it's indispensable for improvement'. The word that fits the ★ position is 欠かせないのは, forming the core of this phrase. The sentence means 'For any sport, daily practice is, of course, indispensable for improvement, but if you practice using the wrong methods, you won't improve easily even if you spend a lot of time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This word comes after 欠かせないのは in the correct sentence structure.
This word comes before 欠かせないのは in the correct sentence structure.
This phrase comes after もちろんだが in the correct sentence structure.
46. 姉は歌手の赤川ケイの大ファンで、彼女の___ ___ _★_ ___ 知りたいと言っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 彼女の **ことなら** **どんなに** **小さな** **ことでも** 知りたいと言っている。 The phrase 'どんなに小さなことでも' means 'even the smallest thing'. The word that fits the ★ position is 小さな. The sentence means 'My older sister is a big fan of singer Kei Akagawa, and she says she wants to know even the smallest things about her.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This word comes before どんなに in the correct sentence structure.
This word comes after 小さな in the correct sentence structure.
This word comes before 小さな in the correct sentence structure.
47. 明日の夕方が締め切りのレポートがまだ終わっていない。 明日は一日中授業?で時間がとれないので、今晩、___ ___ _★_ ___といけない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 今晩、**徹夜して** **でも** **終わらせて** **しまわない** といけない。 The phrase '徹夜してでも終わらせてしまわないといけない' means 'I have to finish it even if I have to stay up all night'. The word that fits the ★ position is 終わらせて. The sentence means 'The report due tomorrow evening is not finished yet. I won't have time tomorrow because of classes all day, so I have to finish it tonight, even if it means staying up all night.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This word comes before でも in the correct sentence structure.
This word comes after 徹夜して in the correct sentence structure.
This word comes after 終わらせて in the correct sentence structure.
48. 田中さんは___ ___ _★_ ___、冬はいつもみかん を大量に買うそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 田中さんは **一度** **食べ出すと** **止まらないほど** **みかんが好きらしく**、冬はいつもみかんを大量に買うそうだ。 The phrase '一度食べ出すと止まらないほど' means 'to the extent that once he starts eating, he can't stop'. The word that fits the ★ position is 止まらないほど. The sentence means 'Mr. Tanaka seems to like mandarins so much that once he starts eating them, he can't stop, so he always buys a large quantity of mandarins in winter.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This word comes after 一度 in the correct sentence structure.
This word comes before 食べ出すと in the correct sentence structure.
This phrase comes after 止まらないほど in the correct sentence structure.
49. 私は、中学生になったころから___ ___ _★_ ___ 医者になろうと決めていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 私は、中学生になったころから **次第に** **医学に興味を持ち始め** **高校に入ったときには** **将来** 医者になろうと決めていた。 The phrase '高校に入ったときには' means 'by the time I entered high school'. The word that fits the ★ position is 高校に入ったときには. The sentence means 'From around the time I became a junior high school student, I gradually started to become interested in medicine, and by the time I entered high school, I had decided to become a doctor in the future.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This word comes after 高校に入ったときには in the correct sentence structure.
This phrase comes after 次第に in the correct sentence structure.
This word comes before 医学に興味を持ち始め in the correct sentence structure.
問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、【50】から【54】の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
道路のひみつ
仕事、買い物、遊びに行くとき、誰でも必ずお世話になるものがある。【50】だ。当たり前のように存在し、多くの人に利用されているが、様々な工夫がされていることはあまり知られていない。
例えば、高速道路や大きな道路の多くで雨水が道路上にたまりにくい設計になっている ことは 【51】。道路表面に小さな無数の穴があり、水が舗装の下に抜けるという仕組み だ。高速道路で雨の日に事故が多かった地点も、この舗装にした後、雨の日の事故が約 80%減少したという。
【52】、寒い地域では雪や氷が原因でスリップ事故が多発する。そのため、雪や氷を 砕く機能をもった道路が開発されている。粒状のゴムなど、柔軟性のある小さな素材を道 路に埋め込み、車の重みで道路をわずかに変形させて雪や氷を砕く。カーブや坂道などを そういう舗装にすれば、道路に雪や氷が密着するのを防ぐことができ、スリップの危険性 が減る。
道路表面の温度を下げる 【53】。道路は太陽に熱せられ、夏は特に熱くなりやすい。 そこで、太陽光線の吸収を防ぐ物質を表面に塗ることで温度上昇を抑えている。この舗装 により、道路の温度は最大10度以上も下がる。人やペットが歩く公園や歩道にぴったりだ。
これら以外にも、様々な機能の道路が日々開発され、利用されている。道路の違いは見 た目にはよくわからないかもしれない。しかし、人々がより安全で快適に暮らせるよう、 足元で【54】。
English Summary & Annotations
【50 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence introduces a general concept that everyone relies on when going about their daily lives. 道路 (douro: roads) is the most natural and general term to introduce the topic. The subsequent sentences then elaborate on the 'secrets' of these roads.
Why other options are incorrect:
ある道路 (aru douro: a certain road) implies a specific, but unspecified, road, which doesn't fit the general introduction.
その道路 (sono douro: that road) refers to a road already mentioned, but no specific road has been mentioned yet.
こんな道路 (konna douro: such a road/this kind of road) implies a type of road that has already been described, which is not the case here.
【51 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states that 'various innovations are not widely known'. Therefore, the author is asking if the reader is aware of this specific innovation. ご存じだろうか (gozonji darou ka) means 'Are you aware of it?' or 'Do you know about it?', which fits the context of introducing a lesser-known fact.
Why other options are incorrect:
ご存じだ (gozonji da) means 'You are aware of it' (a statement of fact), which contradicts the idea that it's 'not widely known'.
ご存じのようだ (gozonji no you da) means 'It seems you are aware of it', which also contradicts the passage's premise.
ご存じなのだろう (gozonji na no darou) means 'I wonder if you are aware of it' (a more direct question about the reader's knowledge), but ご存じだろうか is a more common and natural phrasing for this kind of rhetorical question in a column.
【52 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The paragraph before discusses rain-resistant roads. This paragraph introduces another type of road innovation (snow/ice crushing roads) in a different context (cold regions). また (mata) means 'also' or 'furthermore', which is suitable for introducing another example or topic in a series.
Why other options are incorrect:
すると (suru to) means 'then' or 'thereupon', indicating a consequence or immediate follow-up, which doesn't fit the introduction of a new, separate example.
こうして (koushite) means 'thus' or 'in this way', indicating a conclusion or result of what was just explained.
したがって (shita ga tte) means 'therefore' or 'consequently', indicating a logical conclusion.
【53 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The previous paragraphs discussed two specific innovations. This paragraph introduces a third one. The phrase '工夫も考えられる' (kufuu mo kangaerareru) means 'another ingenious idea can also be considered' or 'another innovation is also conceivable'. This fits the pattern of introducing additional examples of 'secrets' or 'innovations' in roads.
Why other options are incorrect:
工夫だと言える (kufuu da to ieru) means 'it can be said to be an innovation'. This is a strong statement of conclusion, not an introduction of a new example.
工夫だと思われる (kufuu da to omowareru) means 'it is thought to be an innovation'. Similar to option 1, it's a statement of judgment rather than an introduction of a new point.
工夫も見られる (kufuu mo mirareru) means 'innovations can also be seen'. While grammatically possible, 工夫も考えられる is more natural for introducing a new type of innovation in a list of examples.
【54 】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The concluding sentence summarizes the main point: even if the differences aren't visible, roads are supporting people for a safer and more comfortable life. ~わけだ (wake da) means 'it means that ~' or 'it turns out that ~', used to state a logical conclusion or realization. Here, it concludes that roads are indeed supporting us. The sentence means 'However, they are supporting us beneath our feet so that people can live more safely and comfortably.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~はずだった (hazu datta) means 'it was supposed to be ~', implying that it didn't happen or is contrary to expectation.
~からだった (kara datta) means 'it was because ~', indicating a reason for a past event, which doesn't fit the general conclusion.
~おかげだ (okage da) means 'thanks to ~', implying gratitude. While roads are beneficial, わけだ is a more neutral and conclusive statement of fact in this context.