JLPT N2 Letters and Vocabulary, Grammar Test
問題1: ＿＿＿の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
1. 誰も<u>憎んで</u>なんていませんから、心配しないでください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The kanji 憎む (にくむ) means 'to hate' or 'to detest'. Therefore, 憎んで is read as 'にくんで'. The sentence means 'Don't worry, I don't hate anyone.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 悩んで (なやんで), meaning 'to be troubled' or 'to worry'.
This is the reading for 悔やんで (くやんで), meaning 'to regret' or 'to repent'.
This is the reading for 恨んで (うらんで), meaning 'to resent' or 'to bear a grudge'.
2. <u>偶然</u>、駅で友達に会った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The kanji 偶然 (ぐうぜん) means 'by chance' or 'accidentally'. The sentence means 'I accidentally met a friend at the station.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 突然 (とつぜん), meaning 'suddenly'.
This is an incorrect reading for 偶然.
This is an incorrect reading.
3. 大学のゼミではいろいろな<u>刺激</u>を受けた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The kanji 刺激 (しげき) means 'stimulus' or 'incentive'. The sentence means 'I received various stimuli in my university seminar.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 刺激.
This is an incorrect reading for 刺激.
This is the reading for 指摘 (してき), meaning 'pointing out' or 'indication'.
4. 失敗して<u>恥</u>をかいたが、先輩の優しい一言に慰められた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The kanji 恥 (はじ) means 'shame' or 'embarrassment'. The phrase 恥をかく (はじをかく) means 'to be embarrassed' or 'to make a fool of oneself'. The sentence means 'I was embarrassed by my failure, but my senior's kind words comforted me.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 橋 (はし), meaning 'bridge', or 箸 (はし), meaning 'chopsticks'.
This is the reading for 筈 (はず), meaning 'should be' or 'expected to be'.
This is the reading for 蓮 (はす), meaning 'lotus'.
5. 彼の強さは<u>圧倒的</u>だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The kanji 圧倒的 (あっとうてき) means 'overwhelming' or 'dominant'. The sentence means 'His strength is overwhelming.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 圧倒的.
This is an incorrect reading for 圧倒的.
This is an incorrect reading for 圧倒的.
問題2 __の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
6. 私の<u>しゅみ</u>はピアノをひくことだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The hiragana しゅみ corresponds to the kanji 趣味 (しゅみ), which means 'hobby' or 'pastime'. The sentence means 'My hobby is playing the piano.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji is read as きょうみ (kyoumi) and means 'interest'.
This is not a standard Japanese word.
This is not a standard Japanese word.
7. もう少し<u>こい</u>鉛筆が欲しい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The hiragana こい corresponds to the kanji 濃い (こい), which means 'dark' or 'deep' (e.g., for colors or flavors). In this context, it refers to a pencil that writes darker. The sentence means 'I want a slightly darker pencil.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji is read as やわらかい (yawarakai) and means 'soft'.
This kanji is read as うすい (usui) and means 'thin' or 'light' (e.g., for colors or flavors).
This kanji is read as かたい (katai) and means 'hard' or 'stiff'.
8. この皿は、真っ白ではなく、少し青が<u>まじった</u>ような色をしている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The hiragana まじった corresponds to the kanji 混じった (まじった), which is the past tense of 混じる (まじる), meaning 'to be mixed' or 'to be blended'. The sentence means 'This plate is not pure white; it has a color that is slightly mixed with blue.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect kanji for まじった. 組む (くむ) means 'to assemble' or 'to cross'.
This is an incorrect kanji for まじった. 含む (ふくむ) means 'to contain' or 'to include'.
This is an incorrect kanji for まじった. 加える (くわえる) means 'to add'.
9. 彼はいつも<u>そん</u>になることばかりしている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The hiragana そん corresponds to the kanji 損 (そん), which means 'loss' or 'disadvantage'. The phrase 損になる (そんになる) means 'to be a loss' or 'to be disadvantageous'. The sentence means 'He always does things that result in a loss for himself.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji is read as つみ (tsumi) and means 'crime' or 'sin'.
This kanji is read as がい (gai) and means 'harm' or 'damage'.
This kanji is read as どく (doku) and means 'poison'.
10. 素晴らしい<u>えんぎ</u>に感動した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The hiragana えんぎ corresponds to the kanji 演技 (えんぎ), which means 'performance' or 'acting'. The sentence means 'I was moved by the wonderful performance.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji is read as えんげき (engeki) and means 'play' or 'drama' (the genre, not the act of performing).
This is not a standard Japanese word.
This is not a standard Japanese word.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
11. ゲームのしすぎは目に( )影響を与える。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct word to fill the blank is 悪 (わるい), forming 悪い影響を与える (わるいえいきょうをあたえる), which means 'to have a bad influence' or 'to negatively affect'. Excessive gaming can have a bad influence on one's eyes.
Why other options are incorrect:
重い (おもい) means 'heavy' or 'serious', but it doesn't collocate naturally with 影響 in this context to mean 'serious influence' in the same way 悪い does.
高い (たかい) means 'high' or 'expensive', which does not fit the context of 'influence'.
大きい (おおきい) means 'big' or 'large', which can be used with 影響 (大きな影響 - a big influence), but 悪い影響 is a more specific and common phrase for a negative impact.
12. 彼はアメリカ( )のビジネスで成功した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct word is 流 (りゅう), forming アメリカ流 (アメリカりゅう), which means 'American style' or 'American way'. The sentence means 'He succeeded in business in the American style.'
Why other options are incorrect:
形 (かたち) means 'shape' or 'form', which does not fit the context.
質 (しつ) means 'quality' or 'nature', which does not fit the context.
性 (せい) means 'nature' or 'gender', which does not fit the context.
13. 別れ( )に、彼女は私に何か言ったが、聞こえなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct word is 際 (さい), forming 別れ際に (わかれぎわに), which means 'at the time of parting' or 'just as we were parting'. The sentence means 'She said something to me as we were parting, but I couldn't hear it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
刻 (こく) means 'time' or 'moment', but 刻に is not a common phrase in this context. 刻む (きざむ) means 'to engrave' or 'to chop'.
間 (あいだ) means 'interval' or 'between', but 間に (あいだに) would imply 'during' a period, not 'at the moment of' an event.
期 (き) means 'period' or 'term', which does not fit the context of a specific moment of parting.
問題4 ( )に入れるのに最もよいを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
14. 予算もスタッフも希望通りにしたんだから成果を期待しているよと、上司に( ) をかけられた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The phrase プレッシャーをかけられた (pressure o kakerareta) means 'was put under pressure'. The boss is putting pressure on the person to achieve results since they were given the budget and staff they wanted. The sentence means 'My boss put pressure on me, saying he expects results since I got the budget and staff I wanted.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ショップ (shop) does not fit the context.
ダメージ (damage) does not fit the context. ダメージを受ける (damage o ukeru) means 'to receive damage'.
コンプレックス (complex) refers to an inferiority complex or a complex feeling, which does not fit the context of being told to expect results.
15. アルバイトの仕事は勤務が多い月と少ない月があって、毎月の収入が( )だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
不安定 (ふあんてい) means 'unstable'. Since the number of working days varies each month, the monthly income is unstable. The sentence means 'My part-time job has months with many shifts and months with few, so my monthly income is unstable.'
Why other options are incorrect:
不自由 (ふじゆう) means 'inconvenient' or 'disabled', which does not fit the context of income.
不都合 (ふつごう) means 'inconvenient' or 'unsuitable', which does not fit the context of income.
不公平 (ふこうへい) means 'unfair' or 'impartial', which does not fit the context of fluctuating income.
16. 彼は ( )な返事をしていたから、パーティーに来るかどうかわからない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あいまいな (曖昧な) means 'vague' or 'ambiguous'. If his reply was vague, it's unclear whether he will come to the party. The sentence means 'He gave a vague reply, so I don't know if he's coming to the party.'
Why other options are incorrect:
地味な (じみな) means 'plain' or 'subtle', which does not fit the context of a reply.
かすかな (微かな) means 'faint' or 'slight', which does not fit the context of a reply.
鈍感な (どんかんな) means 'insensitive' or 'dull', which describes a person's nature, not a reply.
17. 新しいことがなかなか覚えられないのは記憶力が( )からだろうか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
おとろえた (衰えた) is the past tense of 衰える (おとろえる), meaning 'to decline' or 'to weaken'. If one's memory has weakened, it's difficult to remember new things. The sentence means 'Is it because my memory has declined that I can't remember new things easily?'
Why other options are incorrect:
傷んだ (いたんだ) is the past tense of 傷む (いたむ), meaning 'to be damaged' or 'to spoil' (e.g., food). It's not typically used for memory.
散った (ちった) is the past tense of 散る (ちる), meaning 'to scatter' or 'to fall' (e.g., leaves). It's not used for memory.
かれた (枯れた) is the past tense of 枯れる (かれる), meaning 'to wither' or 'to dry up' (e.g., plants). It's not used for memory.
18. 相手が弱いと思って( )したら、負けてしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
油断 (ゆだん) means 'carelessness' or 'inattention'. 油断したら (ゆだんしたら) means 'if one lets their guard down' or 'if one is careless'. The sentence means 'I lost because I was careless, thinking my opponent was weak.'
Why other options are incorrect:
納得 (なっとく) means 'understanding' or 'agreement'. 納得したら (なっとくしたら) means 'if one understands/agrees'.
失望 (しつぼう) means 'disappointment'. 失望したら (しつぼうしたら) means 'if one is disappointed'.
覚悟 (かくご) means 'readiness' or 'preparedness'. 覚悟したら (かくごしたら) means 'if one is prepared'.
19. 二人とも動いているので、家事や育児は夫婦で( )している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
分担 (ぶんたん) means 'sharing' or 'division of labor'. Since both partners are working, they share household chores and childcare. The sentence means 'Since both of them are working, the couple shares the housework and childcare.'
Why other options are incorrect:
分別 (ぶんべつ) means 'separation' or 'classification' (e.g., for garbage sorting).
区別 (くべつ) means 'distinction' or 'differentiation'.
区分 (くぶん) means 'division' or 'section' (e.g., dividing an area).
20. 次の社長に最もく( )人は、経験豊富な鈴木さんでしょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ふさわしい (相応しい) means 'suitable' or 'appropriate'. The sentence means 'The most suitable person to be the next president is probably Mr. Suzuki, who has abundant experience.'
Why other options are incorrect:
等しい (ひとしい) means 'equal' or 'equivalent', which does not fit the context of suitability for a position.
ありがちな means 'common' or 'prone to happen', which does not fit the context.
当たり前な (あたりまえな) means 'natural' or 'obvious', which does not fit the context.
問題5 __の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
21. この辺りも<u>物騒になってきた</u>気がする。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
物騒になってきた (ぶっそうになってきた) means 'it has become dangerous/unsafe'. The closest meaning among the options is 安全じゃなくなったてきた (あんぜんじゃなくなったてきた), which means 'it has become unsafe'.
Why other options are incorrect:
きれいじゃなくなってきた means 'it has become not clean'.
うるさくなってきた means 'it has become noisy'.
さびしくなってきた means 'it has become lonely/desolate'.
22. その話を聞いて<u>落ち込んだ</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
落ち込んだ (おちこんだ) means 'felt down' or 'became depressed'. The closest meaning is がっかりした (gakkari shita), which means 'was disappointed' or 'felt let down'.
Why other options are incorrect:
緊張した (きんちょうした) means 'felt nervous' or 'became tense'.
びっくりした means 'was surprised'.
心配した (しんぱいした) means 'worried'.
23. <u>精いっぱい</u>やったのに、あまり評価されなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
精いっぱい (せいいっぱい) means 'with all one's might' or 'to the best of one's ability'. The closest meaning is 一生懸命 (いっしょうけんめい), which means 'diligently' or 'with all one's effort'. The sentence means 'Even though I did my best, I wasn't highly evaluated.'
Why other options are incorrect:
せっかく means 'with much trouble' or 'at great pains', often implying a wasted effort.
いろいろ means 'various' or 'a lot of different things'.
何回も (なんかいも) means 'many times'.
24. その話を聞いて、みんな<u>同情した</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
同情した (どうじょうした) means 'sympathized' or 'felt pity'. The closest meaning is かわいそうだと思った (かわいそうだと思った), which means 'felt sorry for them' or 'thought they were pitiful'.
Why other options are incorrect:
しかたないと思った means 'thought it couldn't be helped'.
うらやましいと思った means 'felt envious'.
なつかしいと思った means 'felt nostalgic'.
25. 条件を<u>定める</u>必要がある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
定める (さだめる) means 'to decide', 'to establish', or 'to set'. The closest meaning is 決める (きめる), which also means 'to decide' or 'to determine'. The sentence means 'It is necessary to set the conditions.'
Why other options are incorrect:
伝える (つたえる) means 'to convey' or 'to transmit'.
調べる (しらべる) means 'to investigate' or 'to check'.
合わせる (あわせる) means 'to combine' or 'to match'.
問題 6：次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを 1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
26．廃止
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
廃止 (はいし) means 'abolition' or 'repeal', typically used for systems, rules, or services. Option 4, 'あの現行は ATM 手数無料のサービスを廃止するそうだ。' (That bank is apparently abolishing its ATM fee-free service.), correctly uses 廃止 in the context of discontinuing a service.
Why other options are incorrect:
開発 (かいはつ: development) is usually 中止 (ちゅうし: suspended/canceled) or 停止 (ていし: halted), not 廃止 (abolished).
For personal habits like jogging, やめる (yameru: to stop) or 中止する (chūshi suru: to discontinue) is more appropriate than 廃止.
不安 (ふあん: anxiety) is usually 解消 (かいしょう: resolved) or 払拭 (ふっしょく: dispelled), not 廃止 (abolished).
27．初歩
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
初歩 (しょほ) means 'rudiments', 'ABCs', or 'elementary steps'. Option 1, '三年前に英語を初歩から始め、今では自由に話せるようになった。' (I started English from the basics three years ago, and now I can speak it fluently.), correctly uses 初歩 to mean 'from the basics' or 'from the elementary level'.
Why other options are incorrect:
In a game, you'd say 序盤 (じょばん: early stage) or 最初 (さいしょ: beginning), not 初歩.
For the beginning of a season or phenomenon, you'd use 序の口 (じょのくち: just the beginning) or 始まり (はじまり: start), not 初歩.
For the cause or origin of a quarrel, you'd use きっかけ (kikkake: trigger) or 発端 (ほったん: origin), not 初歩.
28．だらしない
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
だらしない means 'sloppy', 'untidy', 'loose', or 'disorderly', often referring to one's character, appearance, or lifestyle. Option 4, '先月までは、仕事もしないで遊んでばかりの<u>だらしない</u>生活をしていた。' (Until last month, I was living a sloppy life, just playing around without working.), correctly uses だらしない to describe a disorganized or lazy lifestyle.
Why other options are incorrect:
For taste, you'd use 薄い (うすい: bland) or 味がない (aji ga nai: tasteless), not だらしない.
For overgrown grass, you'd use 伸び放題 (のびほうだい: overgrown) or 乱雑に (らんざつに: messily), not だらしなく.
For insufficient knowledge, you'd use 不十分 (ふじゅうぶん: insufficient) or 曖昧 (あいまい: vague), not だらしない.
29．即座に
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
即座に (そくざに) means 'immediately' or 'on the spot', emphasizing a quick response to a specific action or event. Option 3, '先生は学生からの質問に<u>即座に</u>答えた。' (The teacher immediately answered the student's question.), correctly uses 即座に to describe an immediate reaction.
Why other options are incorrect:
For 'as soon as X, Y happened', you'd use と同時に (to dōji ni) or 〜やいなや (〜yainaya), not 即座に.
For a sudden change in weather, you'd use 急に (kyū ni: suddenly) or あっという間に (atto iu ma ni: in an instant), not 即座に.
For a change that occurs from a certain point in time, you'd use 〜から (kara: from) or 〜になって (ni natte: after becoming), not 即座に.
30．尽きる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
尽きる (つきる) means 'to run out', 'to be exhausted', or 'to come to an end'. When used with 話 (はなし: conversation), 話が尽きない (はなしがつきない) means 'the conversation never ends' or 'there's always something to talk about'. Option 2, '森さんと会うのは久しぶりだったので、いくら話しても話が<u>尽きなかった</u>。' (It had been a long time since I met Mr. Mori, so no matter how much we talked, the conversation never ran out.), correctly uses 尽きる in this idiomatic expression.
Why other options are incorrect:
For a ticket's expiration, you'd use 切れる (きれる: to expire) or 期限が来る (きげんがくる: the deadline comes), not 尽きる.
For a record ending due to injury, you'd use 途切れる (とぎれる: to be interrupted) or 途絶える (とだえる: to cease), not 尽きる.
For an exhibition ending, you'd use 終わる (おわる: to end) or 閉まる (しまる: to close), not 尽きる.
問題７:次の文の（ ）に入れるのに最も近いものを 1・2・3・4 から一つ選びなさい。
31．テレビの後ろ壁は、すぐほこり（ ）になってしまう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜だらけ means 'covered in' or 'full of', often used for something undesirable or messy. ほこりだらけ (hokori darake) means 'covered in dust'. The sentence means 'The wall behind the TV quickly becomes covered in dust.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜きり means 'only' or 'since' (e.g., 〜たきり: since doing X, nothing else has happened).
〜じゅう means 'all over' or 'throughout' (e.g., 家中: throughout the house), but it doesn't combine directly with nouns like ほこり in this way.
〜ぐらい means 'about' or 'approximately', or 'to the extent that'.
32．A:「ねえ、明日、用事があって言ってたけど、パーティーに来られるそう？」 B:「用事が何時に終わるかわからないんだよ。行ける（ ）、多分、途中からになると思う。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜としても means 'even if' or 'even though'. Speaker B is saying that even if they can go, it will probably be from the middle of the party. The sentence means 'A: Hey, you said you had plans tomorrow, but can you come to the party? B: I don't know what time my plans will finish. Even if I can go, I think I'll probably join from the middle.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜からって means 'just because...' (implies a reason that is not sufficient).
〜ものなら means 'if one can (do something difficult)' or 'if it were possible to...'. It implies a strong desire or a hypothetical situation that is difficult to achieve.
〜どころか means 'far from it' or 'on the contrary', indicating something is far from the expected or desired state.
33．X 社は、新しい事業を始める（ ）、現在、社員を募集している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜にあたって means 'at the time of' or 'on the occasion of', used for a significant event or new beginning. It implies preparation or action taken for that event. X Company is recruiting employees in preparation for starting a new business. The sentence means 'X Company is currently recruiting employees as it prepares to start a new business.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜とすると means 'if that is the case' or 'assuming that'.
〜からには means 'now that... (it is expected that)', indicating a strong resolve or consequence based on a premise.
〜のだったら is a conditional form meaning 'if it were the case that...'.
34．私はピアノを弾くことが、好き（ ）好き（）たまらない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜で〜でたまらない is a grammar pattern used to express an overwhelming feeling or state, meaning 'so much that one can't stand it' or 'extremely'. 好きで好きでたまらない (suki de suki de tamaranai) means 'I love it so much I can't stand it'. The sentence means 'I love playing the piano so much I can't stand it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
が is a particle indicating subject or contrast, not used in this repetitive emphatic structure.
に is a particle indicating location, direction, or time, not used in this emphatic structure.
は is a topic particle, not used in this emphatic structure.
35．（電話で） 田中:「ねえ、明日のイベントの準備、終わった？」 小川:「まだ終わってないけど、まあ、大丈夫だよ。」 田中:「（ ）小川さんの楽観的な性格がうらやましいよ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
そういう (sou iu) means 'that kind of' or 'such a', referring to something just mentioned or implied. Tanaka is referring to Ogawa's optimistic personality, which was just demonstrated by Ogawa's casual response. The sentence means 'Tanaka: Hey, are the preparations for tomorrow's event finished? Ogawa: Not yet, but it'll be fine. Tanaka: I envy that kind of optimistic personality of yours, Ogawa-san.'
Why other options are incorrect:
そんなに (sonna ni) means 'that much' or 'so much', used for degree.
あんなに (anna ni) means 'that much' or 'so much' (referring to something distant or abstract), also used for degree.
ああいう (aa iu) means 'that kind of' (referring to something distant from both speakers or something generally known), but そういう is more appropriate for something just stated by the listener.
36．日曜日に行われたマラソン大会に弟が参加して、10 キロのコースを 45 分で（ ）。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜きる (〜kiru) means 'to do something completely' or 'to finish doing something'. 走りきった (hashirikitta) means 'ran completely' or 'finished running'. This implies that he completed the entire 10km course. The sentence means 'My younger brother participated in the marathon held on Sunday and finished the 10km course in 45 minutes.'
Why other options are incorrect:
走り始めた (hashirihajimeta) means 'started running'.
走ってばかりだ (hashitte bakari da) means 'is only running' or 'does nothing but run'.
走るようにする (hashiru you ni suru) means 'to try to run' or 'to make an effort to run'.
37．子どものころ、海水浴に行く前の日はいつも「どうか明日は雨が（ ）」と祈りながら寝ていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜ませんように (〜masen you ni) is a grammar pattern used to express a wish or prayer that something does not happen. 降りませんように (furimasen you ni) means 'I hope it doesn't rain'. The sentence means 'When I was a child, the day before going to the beach, I always prayed 'Please, let it not rain tomorrow' as I went to sleep.'
Why other options are incorrect:
降ることはありません (furu koto wa arimasen) means 'it will not rain' (a statement of fact), not a wish.
降らなくてもいいです (furanakute mo ii desu) means 'it's okay if it doesn't rain', which is a statement of permission or indifference, not a strong wish.
降りないでしょうか (furinai deshou ka) means 'won't it rain?' or 'I wonder if it won't rain?', which is a question or speculation.
38．鈴木選手は 、アマチュア時代に何度かこの大会に出場しているが、 プロの選手（ ）今回が初めての出場 だ 。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜としては (〜toshite wa) means 'as a (role/position)' or 'from the standpoint of'. It indicates the capacity or perspective from which something is considered. Here, it means 'as a professional player'. The sentence means 'Suzuki has participated in this tournament several times as an amateur, but this is his first time participating as a professional player.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜としても means 'even if' or 'even though'.
〜にとっては means 'for (someone)' or 'from (someone's) perspective', indicating how something affects or is perceived by that person.
〜にとっても means 'even for (someone)', emphasizing that it applies to that person as well.
39．泣くのを我慢（ ）、逆に涙はあふれ出した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜すればするほど (〜sureba suru hodo) means 'the more one does X, the more Y happens'. 泣くのを我慢しようとすればするほど (naku no o gaman shiyou to sureba suru hodo) means 'the more I tried to hold back my tears'. The sentence means 'The more I tried to hold back my tears, the more they overflowed.'
Why other options are incorrect:
〜しようとすることから means 'from the act of trying to do X', which doesn't convey the 'the more...the more' meaning.
しそう is incorrect grammar. It should be しそうになる (to be about to do).
しそうになればなるほど means 'the more one is about to do X, the more Y happens', which doesn't fit the context of actively trying to hold back tears.
40．押し入れを片付けていたら、子どものころに大切にしていたぬいぐるみが出てきた。（ ）と思ったが、どうしても捨てられなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜てしまおうか (〜teshimaou ka) is a volitional form expressing a thought or suggestion of completing an action, often with a sense of finality or regret. 捨ててしまおうか (sutete shimaou ka) means 'I wonder if I should just throw it away' or 'Shall I just throw it away?'. The sentence means 'While cleaning out the closet, I found a stuffed animal I cherished as a child. I thought I should just throw it away, but I just couldn't bring myself to do it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
捨ててくるだろう (sutete kuru darou) means 'will probably throw it away and come back', which doesn't fit the internal thought process.
捨てているのだ (sutete iru no da) means 'it is that I am throwing it away' or 'it is being thrown away', which is a statement of fact or explanation, not a thought about an action.
捨ててあるのか (sutete aru no ka) means 'is it thrown away?' or 'is it left thrown away?', which is a question about a state, not a decision.
41．田中:「昨日、息子がひろしくんに（ ）、ありがとうございます。」 ひろしの母:「いえいえ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜てもらった (〜temoratta) indicates receiving a favor. 遊んでもらった (asonde moratta) means 'was played with' or 'received the favor of being played with'. The 〜そうで (〜sou de) indicates 'I heard that' or 'it seems that'. So, 遊んでもらったそうで (asonde moratta sou de) means 'I heard that my son was played with by Hiroshi-kun'. This is the most natural and polite way to express gratitude for a favor received by one's child. The sentence means 'Tanaka: Yesterday, my son was played with by Hiroshi-kun, thank you very much. Hiroshi's mother: Not at all.'
Why other options are incorrect:
遊んでもらえそうで (asonde moraesou de) means 'it seems he can be played with' or 'it seems he will receive the favor of being played with', which is about possibility or appearance, not a past event.
遊んでくれそうで (asonde kuresou de) means 'it seems he will play for me/us', which implies Hiroshi-kun playing for Tanaka's son, but the 〜そうで makes it sound like a future possibility, not a past event for which gratitude is expressed.
遊んでくれたそうで (asonde kureta sou de) means 'I heard that he played for me/us'. While くれる indicates a favor given, when talking about one's own child receiving a favor from someone else's child, もらう is generally preferred for politeness and clarity of who received the favor.
42．この映画を見て、私は今までこれほど何か夢中に（ ）と考えさせられた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
〜たことがあっただろうか (〜ta koto ga atta darou ka) means 'had there ever been a time when X happened?' or 'had I ever done X?'. 夢中になったことがあっただろうか (muchuu ni natta koto ga atta darou ka) means 'had I ever been so absorbed/engrossed?'. The sentence means 'Watching this movie made me wonder if I had ever been so engrossed in anything before.'
Why other options are incorrect:
なることがあるだろうか (naru koto ga aru darou ka) means 'will there ever be a time when X happens?', referring to the future.
することがあるだろうか (suru koto ga aru darou ka) means 'will there ever be a time when I do X?', referring to the future and using する (to do) instead of なる (to become/be).
したことがあっただろうか (shita koto ga atta darou ka) means 'had I ever done X?'. While grammatically possible, 夢中になる (muchuu ni naru) is the correct verb phrase for 'to become engrossed', so なった is more appropriate than した.
問題 8 次の文の_★_に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。
43．料理の面白いところは、安い材料でも_____ ______ ___★___ ______ ができるところで
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order of the options to form a natural sentence is: 工夫 次第で 豪華な ごちそう (kufuu shidai de goukana gochisou). This means 'a luxurious feast, depending on one's ingenuity'. The star (★) is the third element in this sequence, which is option 3: 豪華な (gōkana), meaning 'luxurious'. The full sentence means 'The interesting thing about cooking is that even with cheap ingredients, you can make a luxurious feast depending on your ingenuity.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
44．田中:「昨日は、息子の高校の入学式だったんですよ。」 山田: 「田中さんの_____ ______ ___★___ ______ ですか。良いですね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order of the options to form a natural sentence is: 息子さん も もう 高校生 (musukosan mo mou koukousei). This means 'Your son is already a high school student'. The star (★) is the third element in this sequence, which is option 1: もう (mou), meaning 'already'. The full conversation means 'Tanaka: Yesterday was my son's high school entrance ceremony. Yamada: Your son is already a high school student? That's great!'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
45．世界名国の国会議員選挙のはおける投票率 を世代ごとに見ること、若い世代の_____ ______ ___★___ ______ ことがわかる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Based on the provided reference (GT45: わが刻むに限らず 投票率は <u>担当的に</u> 傾向がある), the correct order of the options is 1, 3, 4, 2. The star (★) is the third element in this sequence, which is option 4: 担当的に (tantouteki ni). *Note: The Japanese phrases in the options and the reference contain grammatical errors and typos. The likely intended sentence structure is: 若い世代の**投票率は**、**わが国に限らず**、**全体的に**低い**傾向がある**ことがわかる。 (Looking at the voter turnout in national parliamentary elections in various countries by generation, it is clear that the voter turnout among younger generations tends to be low, not only in our country but overall.) In this intended sentence, '全体的に' (overall) would be the word in the star position, which corresponds to the provided option '担当的に' (responsibly/in charge of) in the HTML, despite its incorrect meaning in this context.*
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position. (Likely intended: わが国に限らず - not limited to our country).
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
46．5 歳の娘は、私と同じ警察官になりたいと言っている。本当に将来 _____ ______ ___★___ _____ 感激した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order of the options to form a natural sentence is: なるかどうかは 別として そんなことを 言ってくれたことに (naru ka dou ka wa betsu to shite sonna koto o itte kureta koto ni). This means 'Setting aside whether it will happen or not, the fact that they said such a thing'. The star (★) is the third element in this sequence, which is option 2: そんなことを (sonna koto o), meaning 'such a thing'. The full sentence means 'My 5-year-old daughter says she wants to be a police officer like me. Setting aside whether it will really happen in the future, I was deeply moved that she said such a thing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
47．試合に負けて本当は ＿★＿ _____ _____ ______ 表情だったのは、「つらいときこそ明るく」というのが監督の方針だからだそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order of the options to form a natural sentence is: 悔しいはずの 選手たちが なぜか 明るい (kuyashii hazu no senshu-tachi ga naze ka akarui). This means 'The players who should have been frustrated were somehow cheerful'. The star (★) is the first element in this sequence, which is option 1: 悔しいはずの (kuyashii hazu no), meaning 'who should have been frustrated/regretful'. The full sentence means 'The reason the players, who should have been frustrated after losing the game, were somehow cheerful, is apparently because the coach's policy is 'be cheerful especially when it's tough'.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
This option is part of the correct phrase but not the star position.
問題 9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、【48】から【52】の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
打ち水
ロバーツ アレン
夏休みに、友達に誘われて打ち水のイベントに参加しました。私は、 そのとき初めて打ち水というものを知りました。打ち水は、暑さ対策 として道路や、玄関先などに水をまくという、日本に昔から伝わる。 生活の知恵です。もともとは各家庭で行うものでしたが、節電や地球 温酸化対策として打ち水のイベントを企画する自治体なども 【48】
打ち水をすると、確かに涼しく感じました。【49】、気分の 問題ではないかとも思いました。打ち水によって実際に気温は下がる のでしょうか。
調べてみたら、打ち水の効果を調べた実験結果を紹介している記事 がありました。その記事によると、水をまいたところの気温が2度下 がったということでした。これは水の性質によるものです。水は気体 になるときに、周囲の熱を吸収します。水をまいたところの地面の熱 は気体と一緒に逃げていき、気温が【51】、しかも、地面の温 度は、水が蒸発しきった後も1時間は下がったままだったとも書かれていました。
「打ち水の効果を十分に得るには、朝か夕方に日陰にまくこともポイ ントのようです。そうすることで水がすぐに蒸発せず、温度の下がっ た状態が持続します。私が参加したイベントも夕方からだったので、 なぜだろうと思っていましたが、【51】あったのだと知って、 なるほどと思いました。
打ち水の効果は、科学的に説明できるものでした。だから昔から今 まで打ち水の文化が続いているのだと【52】。
English Summary & Annotations
【48】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence describes a current trend: local governments are organizing 'Uchimizu' events. '増えているそうです' (fuete iru sou desu) means 'I hear that they are increasing' or 'it seems they are increasing', which fits the context of reporting a current development. The full sentence means 'Originally it was something done by each household, but now local governments are also planning Uchimizu events as a measure for electricity saving and global warming countermeasures, and I hear that they are increasing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
増えたとします (fueta to shimasu) means 'let's assume it increased', which is a hypothetical statement.
増えたためです (fueta tame desu) means 'it is because it increased', which states a reason for something, but the context is describing a current state.
増えてしまいます (fuete shimaimasu) means 'it unfortunately increased' or 'it ended up increasing', implying an undesirable outcome.
【49】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The previous sentence states that 'Uchimizu' felt cool. This sentence introduces a reservation or a condition: 'However, I also wondered if it was just a matter of feeling.' 'ただし' (tadashi) means 'however' or 'but', which correctly introduces a contrasting or qualifying statement. The full sentence means 'When I sprinkled water, it certainly felt cool. However, I also wondered if it was just a matter of feeling.'
Why other options are incorrect:
それに (sore ni) means 'in addition' or 'moreover', which adds information, not a contrast.
つまり (tsumari) means 'in short' or 'in other words', used to summarize or rephrase.
それどころか (sore dokoro ka) means 'far from it' or 'on the contrary', indicating a stronger contrast than what is implied here.
【50】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage explains the scientific reason for the cooling effect of 'Uchimizu'. '下がるというわけです' (sagaru to iu wake desu) means 'it means that it lowers' or 'that's why it lowers', providing a conclusion or explanation based on the preceding scientific principle. The full sentence means 'The heat from the ground where water was sprinkled escapes with the gas, which means the temperature lowers.'
Why other options are incorrect:
下がるところです (sagaru tokoro desu) means 'it's about to lower' or 'it's the point where it lowers', indicating an imminent action or a specific point.
下がる一方でした (sagaru ippou desu) means 'it was only lowering' or 'it kept lowering', indicating a continuous trend.
下がることがありました (sagaru koto ga arimashita) means 'there were times when it lowered', indicating past occurrences.
【51】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author previously wondered why the event was held in the evening. This sentence refers back to the scientific explanation (the reason for sustained cooling) that was just provided. 'そのような理由が' (sono you na riyuu ga) means 'such a reason' or 'that kind of reason', referring to the reason just explained. The full sentence means 'I had wondered why the event I participated in was also from the evening, but knowing that there was such a reason, I understood.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ある理由が (aru riyuu ga) means 'a certain reason', which is too general and doesn't refer to the specific reason just explained.
どの理由も (dono riyuu mo) means 'any reason' or 'all reasons', which doesn't fit the context of a specific reason.
あんな理由も (anna riyuu mo) means 'even that kind of reason' (referring to something distant or negative), which doesn't fit the context.
【52】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
納得させられました (nattoku saseraremashita) is the causative-passive form of 納得する (nattoku suru: to understand/be convinced), meaning 'I was made to understand' or 'I was convinced'. The scientific explanation convinced the author. The full sentence means 'The effect of Uchimizu could be explained scientifically. That's why I was convinced that the culture of Uchimizu has continued from ancient times until now.'
Why other options are incorrect:
納得したのでしょう (nattoku shita no deshou) means 'I guess I understood' or 'I must have understood', which is a speculation about one's own understanding, not a statement of being convinced by something.
納得させてほしかったです (nattoku sasete hoshikatta desu) means 'I wanted someone to convince me', which implies a desire for conviction, not the actual state of being convinced.
納得してもらえました (nattoku shite moraemashita) means 'I was able to get someone to understand/agree', implying that the author convinced someone else, not that the author was convinced.