JLPT Test N2 in 07/2021
問題1:___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
1. 海外市場に進出するために販売部門を<u>拡充</u>した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
拡充 (かくじゅう) means 'expansion' or 'reinforcement'. The sentence means 'We expanded the sales department to enter overseas markets.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 拡充.
This is an incorrect reading for 拡充.
This is an incorrect reading for 拡充.
2. 近年、科学技術は<u>著しい</u>進歩を見せている 。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
著しい (いちじるしい) means 'remarkable' or 'striking'. The sentence means 'In recent years, science and technology have shown remarkable progress.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading.
This is the reading for 輝かしい (kagayakashii), meaning 'brilliant' or 'glorious', which is not the correct kanji here.
This is an incorrect reading.
3. みなさんの<u>声援</u>にカブけられました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
声援 (せいえん) means 'cheering' or 'encouragement'. The sentence means 'I was encouraged by everyone's cheers.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 支援 (shien), meaning 'support' or 'aid', which is a different kanji and meaning.
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
4. いつのまにか<u>傾いて</u>いました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
傾いて (かたむいて) is the -te form of 傾く (katamuku), meaning 'to lean' or 'to tilt'. The sentence means 'It had tilted without me noticing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 傷ついて (kizutsuite), meaning 'to be hurt' or 'damaged'.
This is the reading for 乾いて (kawaite), meaning 'to dry'.
This is the reading for 浮いて (uite), meaning 'to float'.
5. ガラスの<u>破片</u>が落ちているから、気をつけてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
破片 (はへん) means 'fragment' or 'splinter'. The sentence means 'Glass fragments are falling, so please be careful.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
This is an incorrect reading.
問題2 の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
6 . 私の故郷は自然が<u>ゆたか</u>なところです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ゆたか (yutaka) means 'abundant' or 'rich'. The correct kanji is 豊か. The sentence means 'My hometown is a place with abundant nature.'
Why other options are incorrect:
富 (tomi) means 'wealth', but 豊か is the correct adjective for 'abundant'.
恵 (megumi) means 'blessing' or 'grace', which is not the correct kanji for 'abundant'.
福 (fuku) means 'luck' or 'fortune', which is not the correct kanji for 'abundant'.
7. この店の商品は、買ってから一週間以内なら<u>へんぴん</u>できます。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
へんぴん (henpin) means 'returned goods' or 'return'. The correct kanji is 返品. The sentence means 'Products from this store can be returned within one week of purchase.'
Why other options are incorrect:
変 (hen) means 'strange' or 'change', which is not correct here.
逆 (gyaku) means 'reverse' or 'opposite', which is not correct here.
戻 (modori) means 'return' or 'go back', but 返品 is the standard term for 'returned goods'.
8. 道具を<u>らんぼう</u>に使ってはいけません。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
らんぼう (ranbou) means 'violent', 'rough', or 'rude'. The correct kanji is 乱暴. The sentence means 'You must not use tools roughly.'
Why other options are incorrect:
荒 (ara) means 'rough' or 'wild', but 乱暴 is the correct compound.
亡 (bou) means 'death' or 'perish', which is incorrect here.
This combination of kanji is incorrect.
9. この二人はライバルとして常に<u>きそって</u>きた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
きそって (kisotte) is the -te form of 競う (kisou), meaning 'to compete'. The correct kanji is 競って. The sentence means 'These two have always competed as rivals.'
Why other options are incorrect:
争って (arasotte) means 'to dispute' or 'to quarrel', which is different from 'compete' in a rivalry context.
戦って (tatakatte) means 'to fight' or 'to battle', which is too strong for 'competing as rivals'.
討って (utte) means 'to strike' or 'to attack', which is incorrect here.
10. 特に目立った<u>じゃくてん</u>はない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
じゃくてん (jakuten) means 'weak point' or 'weakness'. The correct kanji is 弱点. The sentence means 'There are no particularly noticeable weaknesses.'
Why other options are incorrect:
悪 (aku) means 'bad', but 悪点 is not a standard word for 'weakness'.
欠点 (ketten) means 'defect' or 'fault', which is similar but 弱点 is more appropriate for a 'weak point' in general.
低 (tei) means 'low', but 低点 is not a standard word for 'weakness'.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
11. この動物は、敵に襲われると、体をボール( )に丸めて身を守る。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
状 (jou) means 'shape' or 'form'. ボール状 (booru-jou) means 'ball-shaped'. The sentence means 'When this animal is attacked by an enemy, it curls its body into a ball shape to protect itself.'
Why other options are incorrect:
式 (shiki) means 'style' or 'method', which does not fit the context of shape.
感 (kan) means 'feeling' or 'sense', which is irrelevant here.
性 (sei) means 'nature' or 'gender', which is incorrect here.
12. 明日のシンポジウムは( )会場で行われるので、ご注意ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
別 (betsu) means 'separate' or 'another'. 別会場 (betsu kaijou) means 'a separate venue'. The sentence means 'Please note that tomorrow's symposium will be held at a separate venue.'
Why other options are incorrect:
離 (ri) means 'separation' or 'distance', but it's not used in this compound.
違 (i) means 'difference' or 'wrong', which is incorrect here.
補 (ho) means 'supplement' or 'complement', which is incorrect here.
13. あの会社は、( )社長になってから経営方針が変わった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
現 (gen) means 'current' or 'present'. 現社長 (gen shachou) means 'the current president'. The sentence means 'That company's management policy changed after the current president took office.'
Why other options are incorrect:
直 (choku) means 'direct' or 'straight', which is incorrect here.
今 (ima) means 'now', but 現 is the appropriate kanji for 'current' in this context.
近 (kin) means 'near' or 'recent', which is incorrect here.
問題4 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
14. 最近、物価が( )している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
上昇 (joushou) means 'rise' or 'ascent'. 物価が上昇する (bukka ga joushou suru) means 'prices are rising'.
Why other options are incorrect:
増加 (zouka) means 'increase' in quantity or number, but 上昇 is more specific for prices or levels.
上達 (joutatsu) means 'improvement' in skill, which is irrelevant here.
増大 (zoudai) means 'increase' in size or amount, but 上昇 is more commonly used for prices.
15. ちょうどいい( )で警官が通りかかったので、助かった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
タイミング (timing) means 'timing'. ちょうどいいタイミングで (choudo ii taimingu de) means 'at just the right time'. The sentence means 'A police officer happened to pass by at just the right time, so I was saved.'
Why other options are incorrect:
タイマー (timer) is a device, which is incorrect here.
アクシデント (accident) means an unforeseen event, which is incorrect here.
アクション (action) means an act or movement, which is incorrect here.
16. 遠慮はいらないので、いつでも( )声をかけてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
気軽に (kigaru ni) means 'freely', 'without hesitation', or 'casually'. The sentence means 'There's no need to hold back, so please feel free to talk to me anytime.'
Why other options are incorrect:
無事に (buji ni) means 'safely' or 'without incident', which is incorrect here.
率直に (sotchoku ni) means 'frankly' or 'candidly', which implies honesty rather than ease of approach.
器用に (kiyou ni) means 'skillfully' or 'cleverly', which is incorrect here.
17. Eメールに( )されたファイルが開けない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
添付 (tenpu) means 'attachment' (e.g., to an email). 添付されたファイル (tenpu sareta fairu) means 'attached file'. The sentence means 'I can't open the file attached to the email.'
Why other options are incorrect:
輸送 (yusou) means 'transportation' or 'shipping', which is incorrect here.
付属 (fuzoku) means 'attached' or 'belonging to', but 添付 is specifically used for files attached to emails/documents.
郵送 (yuusou) means 'mailing' or 'sending by post', which is incorrect for digital files.
18 .そんなに人のことを( )見るものではありませんよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
じろじろ (jirojiro) is an onomatopoeic word meaning 'staring fixedly' or 'scrutinizingly'. じろじろ見る (jirojiro miru) means 'to stare at'. The sentence means 'You shouldn't stare at people like that.'
Why other options are incorrect:
たまたま (tamatama) means 'by chance' or 'accidentally', which is incorrect here.
さっさと (sassato) means 'quickly' or 'promptly', which is incorrect here.
うっとり (uttori) means 'enraptured' or 'spellbound', which is incorrect here.
19. その選手は体力( )まで走り続けた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
限界 (genkai) means 'limit' or 'bound'. 体力限界 (tairyoku genkai) means 'physical limit'. The sentence means 'That athlete kept running until their physical limit.'
Why other options are incorrect:
制限 (seigen) means 'restriction' or 'limitation', but 限界 is more appropriate for a personal physical limit.
境界 (kyoukai) means 'boundary' or 'border', which is incorrect here.
境目 (sakaime) means 'border' or 'boundary line', which is incorrect here.
20. 彼はその出来事がきっかけで、医者になる決意を ( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
決意を固める (ketsui o katameru) is a common idiom meaning 'to firm up one's resolve' or 'to make a firm decision'. The sentence means 'That incident prompted him to firm up his resolve to become a doctor.'
Why other options are incorrect:
まとめる (matomeru) means 'to gather' or 'to summarize', which is incorrect here.
仕上げる (shiageru) means 'to finish' or 'to complete', which is incorrect here.
合わせる (awaseru) means 'to combine' or 'to match', which is incorrect here.
問題5 の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
21. あの人の冷たい態度には<u>失望した</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
失望した (shitsubou shita) means 'was disappointed'. がっかりした (gakkari shita) also means 'was disappointed' or 'felt let down', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
びっくりした (bikkuri shita) means 'was surprised' or 'was startled'.
かっとした (katto shita) means 'flared up in anger' or 'got furious'.
ぞっとした (zotto shita) means 'shuddered' or 'felt a chill' (from fear or disgust).
22. すぐに仕事に<u>とりかかります</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
とりかかります (torikakarimasu) is the polite form of 取り掛かる (torikakaru), meaning 'to start working on' or 'to set about'. 仕事を始めます (shigoto o hajimemasu) means 'I will start work', which is the closest meaning.
Why other options are incorrect:
仕事を探します (shigoto o sagashimasu) means 'I will look for work'.
仕事を教えます (shigoto o oshiemasu) means 'I will teach work'.
仕事を頼みます (shigoto o tanomimasu) means 'I will ask for work' or 'I will request work'.
23. 手書きの文字には書いた人の<u>人柄</u>が出る。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
人柄 (hitogara) means 'personality' or 'character'. 性格 (seikaku) also means 'personality' or 'character', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
格好 (kakkou) means 'appearance' or 'figure'.
体調 (taichou) means 'physical condition'.
気分 (kibun) means 'feeling' or 'mood'.
24. スピーチは<u>案の定</u>うまくできなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
案の定 (an no jou) means 'as expected' or 'sure enough'. やっぱり (yappari) also means 'as expected' or 'after all', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
あまり (amari) means 'not very' (used with negative) or 'too much' (used with positive).
あいかわらず (aikawarazu) means 'as usual' or 'as ever'.
ぜんぜん (zenzen) means 'not at all' (used with negative).
25. ごみを<u>くるんで</u>捨てた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
くるんで (kurunde) is the -te form of 包む (kurumu), meaning 'to wrap'. 包んで (tsutsunde) is the -te form of 包む (tsutsumu), which also means 'to wrap'. These are homophones with the same meaning, making option 4 the correct synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
縛って (shibatte) means 'tied up' or 'bound'.
集めて (atsumete) means 'gathered' or 'collected'.
分けて (wakete) means 'separated' or 'divided'.
問題6 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
26. <u>引用</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
引用 (in'you) means 'quotation' or 'citation'. The correct usage is to quote or cite something, such as a newspaper article in a report. Option 3 means 'In the report, I will cite a newspaper article.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This sentence means 'to quote the method of a senior who is good at presentations'. While 'quote' can sometimes mean 'to adopt', it's not the primary meaning of 引用, which is about textual or verbal citation.
This sentence means 'to draw water from a large river'. 引用 is not used for drawing physical resources like water.
This sentence means 'You must not use other people's money'. 引用 is not used for using money; 借用 (shakuyou) 'borrowing' or 盗用 (touyou) 'embezzlement' would be more appropriate.
27. <u>ほっと</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ほっと (hotto) is an adverb expressing a feeling of relief or a sigh of relief. Option 4 means 'I felt relieved when I found the important book I thought I had lost.' This correctly uses ほっと to describe a feeling of relief.
Why other options are incorrect:
This sentence means 'When I suddenly noticed, the key in my pocket was gone.' ほっと is not used for 'suddenly noticing'. はっと (hatto) would be more appropriate for a sudden realization.
This sentence means 'During the meeting, when I was relaxing, my boss warned me.' ほっと implies relief, not just relaxing or being idle. ぼーっと (boo-tto) 'absentmindedly' or だらだら (daradara) 'lazily' might fit better.
This sentence means 'When the person I like spoke to me, my face suddenly turned red.' ほっと is not used for a sudden physical reaction like blushing. ぱっと (patto) 'suddenly' or どっと (dotto) 'all at once' might be more suitable.
28. <u>展開</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
展開 (tenkai) means 'development', 'unfolding', or 'progression'. It is commonly used to describe the progression of a story or situation. Option 2 means 'The development of the story in this manga is interesting.' This is a correct usage.
Why other options are incorrect:
This sentence means 'Professor Takahashi is researching the history of biological development on this island.' While 'development' is a meaning of 展開, for biological evolution, 進化 (shinka) 'evolution' or 発展 (hatten) 'development/growth' would be more natural.
This sentence means 'When I'm doing something I like, time passes quickly.' 展開 is not used for the passage of time. 経過 (keika) 'passage' or 流れ (nagare) 'flow' would be more appropriate.
This sentence means 'Athlete Ikeda is very strong and has decided the outcome of the final match for 5 consecutive years.' 展開 is not used for 'outcome' or 'result'. 勝敗 (shouhai) 'victory or defeat' or 結果 (kekka) 'result' would be more appropriate.
29. <u>妥当</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
妥当 (datou) means 'appropriate', 'valid', 'reasonable', or 'proper'. It is often used to describe something that is fair or suitable. Option 1 means 'Some people say the price is high compared to the quality, but I think it's a reasonable amount.' This is a correct usage.
Why other options are incorrect:
This sentence means 'Since I had a cold, it was convenient for me that today's meeting was canceled.' 妥当 is not used to express personal convenience. 都合がよかった (tsugou ga yokatta) 'it was convenient' would be more appropriate.
This sentence means 'The weather forecast for the travel day was rain, but it cleared up beautifully and became appropriate weather.' 妥当 is not used for weather. 良い天気 (ii tenki) 'good weather' or 理想的な天気 (risouteki na tenki) 'ideal weather' would be more appropriate.
This sentence means 'I often listen to this song recently because the lyrics are appropriate for my current feelings.' 妥当 is not used for lyrics matching feelings. 合っている (atteiru) 'match' or ぴったりだ (pittari da) 'perfect fit' would be more appropriate.
30. <u>かばう</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かばう (kabau) means 'to protect', 'to shield', or 'to cover for someone'. Option 3 means 'My younger brother was being scolded by our parents, so I said, "He's really reflecting on it," and covered for him.' This is a correct usage of かばう.
Why other options are incorrect:
This sentence means 'This organization is engaged in activities to protect the environment, such as cleaning beaches.' While 'protect' is a meaning of かばう, for environmental protection, 保護する (hogosuru) 'to protect' or 守る (mamoru) 'to protect/defend' would be more natural.
This sentence means 'This bird is protected by law, and catching or keeping it is prohibited.' While 'protected' is a meaning of かばう, for legal protection, 保護されている (hogosareteiru) 'is protected' is more common.
This sentence means 'To protect the newly developed technology, related information is strictly managed.' For protecting intellectual property or information, 保護する (hogosuru) 'to protect' or 守る (mamoru) 'to guard' would be more appropriate.
問題7 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選び なさい。
31. 野党の追及に対し、大臣は満足な回答だできなかったどころか、質問の内容( ) 理解できていなかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~すら (sura) means 'even' and is used to emphasize an extreme or surprising case, often in a negative context. The sentence means 'Not only could the minister not give a satisfactory answer to the opposition's questioning, but he couldn't even understand the content of the questions.' This emphasizes the minister's complete lack of understanding.
Why other options are incorrect:
~こそ (koso) means 'precisely' or 'for sure', used for emphasis, but it doesn't fit the negative nuance of 'not even'.
~のみ (nomi) means 'only' or 'just', which doesn't fit the context of 'not even understanding the basics'.
~なほど (na hodo) means 'to the extent that' or 'so much that', which doesn't fit the nuance of 'even'.
32. 最近 ( )パソコンの調子がおかしい。この状態が続くようだったら一度修理に出した方がよさそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
どうも (doumo) can mean 'somehow' or 'it seems that', often used when there's a vague feeling or suspicion. The sentence means 'Somehow, my computer has been acting strange lately. If this continues, it seems I should send it for repair.'
Why other options are incorrect:
ちっとも (chittomo) means 'not at all' and is used with negative verbs, which doesn't fit here.
いったい (ittai) means 'what on earth' or 'how in the world', used in questions for emphasis or exasperation, which is incorrect here.
まさか (masaka) means 'by no means' or 'impossible', expressing disbelief, which is incorrect here.
(広告で) 川西ピアノ教室では、初心者、経験者 ( )、どなたにでも丁寧に指導します。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~を問わず (o towazu) means 'regardless of' or 'without distinction of'. The sentence means 'At Kawanishi Piano Class, we provide careful instruction to anyone, regardless of whether they are a beginner or experienced.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~を通して (o tooshite) means 'through' or 'via', which is incorrect here.
~にかけて (ni kakete) has various meanings like 'over a period of time' or 'concerning', none of which fit here.
~にもかかわらず (ni mo kakawarazu) means 'despite' or 'nevertheless', which implies a contradiction and is incorrect here.
34. めったに出かけないのに、外出するとき( ) 大雨になる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~にかぎって (ni kagitte) means 'only when' or 'precisely when', often used to express a negative or ironic situation where something happens only at a specific, inconvenient time. The sentence means 'Even though I rarely go out, precisely when I do go out, it pours down rain.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~にあたって (ni atatte) means 'at the time of' or 'on the occasion of', used for significant events, which is incorrect here.
~において (ni oite) means 'in' or 'at' (a place or time), which is too general and doesn't convey the specific nuance.
~に際して (ni saishite) is similar to にあたって, meaning 'at the time of' or 'on the occasion of', also for significant events.
35. 昨夜よく眠れなかった( )、体がだるい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~せいか (sei ka) means 'perhaps because' or 'maybe it's because', used to express a possible cause or reason. The sentence means 'Perhaps because I couldn't sleep well last night, my body feels sluggish.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~からには (kara ni wa) means 'now that' or 'since', implying a strong consequence or obligation, which is too strong here.
~わけか (wake ka) means 'so that's why' or 'no wonder', used to express understanding of a reason, which is incorrect here.
あまりに (amari ni) means 'too much' or 'excessively', which is an adverb and doesn't fit grammatically here.
36. 初めてこの町を訪れたが、不思議な( )、ずっと前からここに住んでいるような気がする。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
不思議なことに (fushigi na koto ni) means 'strangely enough' or 'to my surprise'. This phrase is used to express that something is surprising or unexpected. The sentence means 'Although I visited this town for the first time, strangely enough, I feel like I've been living here for a long time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
~うえに (ue ni) means 'in addition to' or 'on top of that', which is incorrect here.
~くせに (kuse ni) means 'even though' or 'despite the fact that', implying a critical or reproachful tone, which is incorrect here.
~ものに (mono ni) is not a standard grammatical pattern that fits this context.
(会社で) A「じゃ、来週の打ち合せも水曜日でいいですか?」 B「あ、スケジュールを( )ちょっとわからないので、あとで連絡します。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~てみないと (teminai to) means 'unless I try to do ~' or 'unless I check ~'. It implies that a decision or understanding cannot be made until an action is performed. The sentence means 'Ah, unless I check my schedule, I don't quite know, so I'll contact you later.'
Why other options are incorrect:
確認していないと (kakunin shiteinai to) means 'if I haven't checked', which implies a condition but doesn't convey the nuance of needing to try checking first.
確認しているか (kakunin shiteiru ka) means 'whether I have checked', which is a question and doesn't fit the flow of the sentence.
確認してみるか (kakunin shitemiru ka) means 'should I try checking?', which is a question and doesn't fit the flow of the sentence.
38 .「一つの仕事を少なくとも三年は( )、どこに行っても何もできない」と言われた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
やり続けられなかったら (yaritsuzukerarenakattara) means 'if you can't continue doing it'. The sentence means 'I was told, "If you can't continue doing one job for at least three years, you won't be able to do anything anywhere."' This expresses a conditional consequence.
Why other options are incorrect:
やり続けられなくなっても (yaritsuzukerarenaku nattemo) means 'even if you become unable to continue doing it', which implies a concession and doesn't fit the conditional warning.
やり始められなかったら (yarihajimerarenakattara) means 'if you couldn't start doing it', which is incorrect as the context is about continuing a job.
やり始められなくなっても (yarihajimerarenaku nattemo) means 'even if you become unable to start doing it', which is incorrect.
39. 仕事でも勉強でも、一度やると決めたら最後まで( ) ことが大事だと思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
やり抜く (yarinuku) means 'to see through to the end' or 'to complete something despite difficulties'. The sentence means 'Whether it's work or study, I think it's important to see things through to the end once you've decided to do them.'
Why other options are incorrect:
やり直す (yarinaosu) means 'to redo' or 'to start over', which is incorrect here.
やりだす (yaridasu) means 'to begin to do' or 'to start doing', which is incorrect here as the context is about finishing.
やるかける (yarikakeru) means 'to start doing but not finish' or 'to be in the middle of doing', which is the opposite of the intended meaning.
(受付で) 山川「すみません。ABC 社の山川と申しますが、経営部の中西さんをお願いします。」 受付「申し訳ございません。中西はただいま外出しております。」 山川「え、中西さんご本人から、この時間だったらいらっしゃると( )が。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
うかがったんです (ukagattan desu) is the humble form of 聞いたんです (kiitan desu) 'I heard' or 尋ねたんです (tazunetan desu) 'I asked'. It is used when the speaker humbly receives information from a superior or someone they respect. Yamakawa is referring to what Nakanishi (a person he respects) told him. The sentence means 'Excuse me. My name is Yamakawa from ABC Company, and I'd like to speak with Mr. Nakanishi from the management department.' 'I apologize. Mr. Nakanishi is currently out.' 'Oh, but I heard from Mr. Nakanishi himself that he would be here at this time...'
Why other options are incorrect:
お聞きになったんです (o kiki ni nattan desu) is the honorific form of 'heard' or 'asked', used when referring to the action of a superior, not one's own action.
申し上げたんです (moushiagetan desu) is the humble form of 'said' or 'told', used when the speaker tells something to a superior, not when they hear something from a superior.
ご存じなんです (go zonji nan desu) is the honorific form of 'know', used when referring to a superior's knowledge, not one's own hearing.
41. 職業が決まった会社に「早く働きたい」と話したら、その後連絡が来て、就職する までの間、アルバイトを( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~させてもらうことになった (sasete morau koto ni natta) means 'it was decided that I would be allowed to do ~' or 'I ended up being allowed to do ~'. This expresses that the speaker received permission or a favor to do something. The sentence means 'After I told the company I got a job at that I wanted to start working soon, I received a call and it was decided that I would be allowed to do part-time work until I officially started.'
Why other options are incorrect:
してあげることになった (shite ageru koto ni natta) means 'it was decided that I would do ~ for someone else's benefit', which is incorrect as the speaker is the one receiving the benefit.
してもらうことにした (shite morau koto ni shita) means 'I decided to have someone do ~ for me', which implies the speaker made the decision, but the nuance here is that the company offered/allowed it.
させてあげることにした (sasete ageru koto ni shita) means 'I decided to let someone do ~', implying the speaker is granting permission, which is incorrect.
42. A「先輩に食事に誘われちゃって。どうしよう。行きたくないなあ。」 B「どうして悩むの?嫌なら( ) ?」 A「そうなんだけど、先輩だし、断りにくくない?」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
~ばいいだけでしょう (ba ii dake deshou) means 'you just have to do ~' or 'all you have to do is ~', implying a simple solution. The sentence means 'A: My senior invited me to dinner. What should I do? I don't want to go. B: Why are you worrying? If you don't want to, you just have to refuse, right? A: That's true, but they're my senior, so it's hard to refuse, isn't it?'
Why other options are incorrect:
ことわればいいだけなの (kotowareba ii dake nano) is grammatically correct but sounds more like a question asking for confirmation, rather than a suggestion. The でしょう adds a softer, more suggestive tone.
断りたいだけなの (kotowaritai dake nano) means 'do you just want to refuse?', which changes the meaning to a question about A's desire, not a suggestion.
断りたいだけでしょう (kotowaritai dake deshou) means 'you just want to refuse, right?', which is also a question about A's desire, not a suggestion for action.
問題8 次の文の ★ に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
43. もうすぐ高校卒業だ。この学校で先生や友達と過ごす___ _★_ ___ ___。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: この学校で先生や友達と過ごす **のも** **あと数週間だ** **と思うと** **寂しさが増している**。 (Kono gakkou de sensei ya tomodachi to sugosu no mo ato suushukan da to omou to sabishisa ga mashiteiru.) * **~のもあと数週間だ (no mo ato suushukan da)**: 'there are only a few more weeks left of ~'. This phrase indicates the remaining time for an activity. * **~と思うと (to omou to)**: 'when I think about ~', 'as soon as I think about ~'. This expresses a feeling or reaction that arises immediately upon thinking about something. * **寂しさが増している (sabishisa ga mashiteiru)**: 'my loneliness is increasing'. The complete sentence means: 'It's almost high school graduation. When I think that there are only a few more weeks left to spend with teachers and friends at this school, my loneliness increases.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase connects the thought to the feeling, but it needs to follow the clause it refers to.
This particle phrase indicates the subject of the 'remaining time' clause.
This is the result clause, which comes at the end of the sentence.
44. A:サラリーマンから農家 ___ ___ _★_ ___ があるんだね。 B:自分の夢をどうしてもあきらめきれなくてね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: サラリーマンから農家 **になる** **とは** **ずいぶん** **勇気** があるんだね。 (Sarariiman kara nouka ni naru to wa zuibun yuuki ga aru n da ne.) * **~になる (ni naru)**: 'to become ~'. * **~とは (to wa)**: 'to think that ~ is ~', 'it means that ~'. Used to express surprise, admiration, or strong emotion about something. * **ずいぶん (zuibun)**: 'quite', 'very', 'considerably'. * **勇気がある (yuuki ga aru)**: 'to have courage'. The complete sentence means: 'A: To become a farmer from a salaryman, that takes quite a lot of courage, doesn't it? B: I just couldn't give up on my dream.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the noun 'courage' and needs to be part of the phrase '勇気がある'.
This particle phrase introduces the speaker's strong feeling about the preceding statement.
This verb phrase indicates the transformation.
45. 遠足の日の朝、娘は、「いってきます」と ___ ___ _★_ ___ 飛び出していった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 「いってきます」と **言い終わるか** **終わらないか** **のうちに** **玄関を** 飛び出していった。 (Ittekimasu to iiowaru ka owaranai ka no uchi ni genkan o tobidashite itta.) * **~か~ないかのうちに (ka ~nai ka no uchi ni)**: 'just as ~ was about to happen', 'almost at the same time as ~'. This grammar pattern indicates that something else happened immediately after or almost simultaneously with the first action. * **言い終わる (iiowaru)**: 'to finish saying'. * **玄関を飛び出す (genkan o tobidasu)**: 'to rush out the entrance'. The complete sentence means: 'On the morning of the excursion, my daughter rushed out the door just as she was finishing saying "I'm going!"'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is part of the '~か~ないかのうちに' pattern, but not the central part.
This is the first part of the action that is almost completed.
This is the object of the verb '飛び出す'.
46. 参考書を読んで完壁に ___ ___ _★_ ___ ということがよくある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: 参考書を読んで完壁に **理解した** **つもりでも** **問題を解いて見ると** **できない** ということがよくある。 (Sankousho o yonde kanpeki ni rikai shita tsumori demo mondai o toite miru to dekinai to iu koto ga yoku aru.) * **~たつもりでも (ta tsumori demo)**: 'even though one thought they had done ~'. This expresses a discrepancy between one's belief and reality. * **問題を解いて見ると (mondai o toite miru to)**: 'when I try to solve problems'. * **できない (dekinai)**: 'cannot do'. The complete sentence means: 'It often happens that even though I thought I had completely understood after reading a reference book, I can't solve the problems when I try.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the verb phrase for 'understood'.
This phrase introduces the action of trying to solve problems.
This grammar pattern indicates 'even though one intended/thought'.
47. この池に ___ ___ _★_ ___ そうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct order is: この池に **すむ** **魚の中には** **100 年以上生きる** **ものもいる** そうだ。 (Kono ike ni sumu sakana no naka ni wa hyakunen ijou ikiru mono mo iru sou da.) * **~にすむ (ni sumu)**: 'to live in ~'. * **魚の中には (sakana no naka ni wa)**: 'among the fish'. * **100 年以上生きる (hyakunen ijou ikiru)**: 'to live for over 100 years'. * **~ものもいる (mono mo iru)**: 'there are also some ~'. The complete sentence means: 'It seems that among the fish living in this pond, there are some that live for over 100 years.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase indicates 'there are also some' and comes at the end of the main clause.
This phrase specifies 'among the fish'.
This verb means 'to live' and modifies 'fish'.
問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、 からの中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
そんな天気予報を活用した新たな取り組みが始まっている。気象情報から食品の高度な需要予測を行い、「食品ロス」、つまり、まだ食べられるのに捨てられてしまう食品を減らすというものだ。
食品の中には、天候や気温に需要が大きく左右されるものも多い。需要予測を誤り、過剰に生産してしまうと、それだけ多くの食品ロスが生じてしまう。
【49】政府は、気象データとPOSデータ(何が、いつ、いくつ、いくらで売れたのかを示す販売情報)から高度な需要予測を行い、製造や販売の各社に提供する取り組みを始めた。その結果は、食品ロスを減らせるばかりではない。食品が無駄に捨てられることが少なくなるため、その処理の過程で発生する二酸化酸素を減らすこともできる。
【50】、まず、長期保存が出来ず気象状況が売り上げに大きく影響する「豆腐」と、特定の季節に需要が集中する「麺つゆ」に絞って実験が行われた。その結果、、食品ロスを20~30%減らせることがわかった。現在は、対象商品を拡大しながら、人工知能も取り入れ、さらに高度な需要予測が可能になってきているという。このように、私たちの生活に欠かせない気象情報は、食品ロス問題の解決にも役立っているのである。 今後、より大きな成果が【51】。
English Summary & Annotations
【48】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence states that weather forecasts are essential information and that people check them when choosing clothes or planning holidays. This implies that weather is 'something to be concerned about' or 'something that matters'. 気になるもの (ki ni naru mono) fits this context perfectly.
Why other options are incorrect:
気になるだけ (ki ni naru dake) means 'it's just something to be concerned about', which implies it's not very important, contradicting the preceding sentence.
気になるかどうか (ki ni naru ka dou ka) means 'whether or not it's something to be concerned about', which is a question and doesn't fit the declarative sentence structure.
気になるかのよう (ki ni naru ka no you) means 'as if it's something to be concerned about', which implies it might not actually be, contradicting the context.
【49】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The preceding paragraph explains the problem of food waste due to inaccurate demand predictions. そこで (soko de) means 'therefore' or 'so', indicating that the following sentence (the government's initiative) is a solution or consequence of the problem just described. This creates a logical flow.
Why other options are incorrect:
なお (nao) means 'furthermore' or 'in addition', used to add more information, but not to introduce a solution to a problem.
たとえば (tatoeba) means 'for example', used to introduce an illustration, which is not the role of this sentence.
ところが (tokoroga) means 'however' or 'nevertheless', used to introduce a contrasting or unexpected situation, which is incorrect here as the initiative is a direct response to the problem.
【50】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The previous paragraph describes the government's initiative. この取り組みは (kono torikumi wa) means 'this initiative' and refers directly to the initiative just mentioned, serving as the subject for the next sentence which details the initial experiments of this initiative.
Why other options are incorrect:
そういった取り組みも (sou itta torikumi mo) means 'such initiatives also', implying there are other similar initiatives, which is not the focus here. The 'も' (mo) also suggests 'in addition to', which doesn't fit the introduction of the specific experiments.
あのような取り組み (ano you na torikumi) means 'that kind of initiative', which is too vague and implies a distance or comparison, not a direct reference to the immediately preceding topic.
こちらの取り組みも (kochira no torikumi mo) means 'this initiative (on our side) also', which implies a distinction between 'our' initiative and others, and the 'も' (mo) is again problematic.
【51】
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence is a concluding remark about future prospects. 期待できそうだ (kitai deki sou da) means 'it seems that great results can be expected' or 'it looks like great results are possible'. This expresses a positive expectation based on the information presented in the passage.
Why other options are incorrect:
期待できるからだ (kitai dekiru kara da) means 'because great results can be expected', which is a reason, not a concluding statement of expectation.
期待できるはずだった (kitai dekiru hazu datta) means 'it should have been possible to expect great results', implying that expectations were not met, which contradicts the positive tone of the passage.
期待できればよかった (kitai dekireba yokatta) means 'it would have been good if great results could be expected', expressing regret or a wish, which is incorrect for a concluding statement about future prospects.