JLPT Test N2 in 12/2023

N22023/DecemberGrammar & Reading
Q20 Questions
T~40 minutes
S12 Sections

ๅ•้กŒ 10 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€๏ผ‘ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4 ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(1)
ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใฎๅ ด้ขใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใฃใŸใ‚“ใใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใงๅพ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆจใฆใชใใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๆทฑใ่žใใ€ใใฎไบบใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใ‚“ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ไธธใ”ใจๆ‰ใˆใฆใ€ใใ“ใงๅ‡บใฆใใŸ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€่ฑŠใ‹ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€่จ€่‘‰ใซ่พผใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅคงไบ‹ใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจใคใ‹ใ‚€ใ“ใจใ“ใใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใ ใ€‚ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰่‰ฏใ„ๅฏพ่ฉฑใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚่‰ฏใ„ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ‘ใŸใจใใซๅˆใ‚ใฆ่กŒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใ ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
The author discusses interviews, stating that while preparation is important, one must 'discard' (ๆจใฆใชใใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„) it during the actual interview. The key is to listen deeply and seriously to the other person's story, grasping 'what they are trying to say' (่จ€ใ‚ใ‚“ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹: ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - trying to say) 'completely' (ไธธใ”ใจ: ใใฎใพใพๅ…จ้ƒจ - entirely). Good interviews happen when one forgets the next question and truly listens, allowing 'wonderful words' and 'important messages' to emerge, leading to good dialogue.
Question 52

52) ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใ€‚ Correct
2.2) ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใŸ่ณชๅ•ใซๆฒฟใฃใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคงไบ‹ใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใ€‚
3.3) ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่žใใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใฎใงใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
4.4) ็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‹ใ‚‰็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ™ใซใฏใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใ™ใŽใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states that while preparation is important, one must 'discard everything obtained through preparation' and 'listen deeply and seriously to the other person's story' to grasp their message. Option 1 directly reflects this idea: 'It is important to listen carefully to the other person's story, moving away from what was prepared.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใŸ่ณชๅ•ใซๆฒฟใฃใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคงไบ‹ใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใ€‚

The passage emphasizes listening to the other person's story, not sticking to prepared questions. It says 'good interviews are only possible when you forget the next question and listen to the other person's story.'

3) ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่žใใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใฎใงใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

The passage explicitly states that preparation is important, but it should be 'discarded' in the actual interview. So, it's not about not needing preparation at all.

4) ็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‹ใ‚‰็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ™ใซใฏใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใ™ใŽใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚

The passage suggests that one should listen deeply to extract 'wonderful words' and 'important messages,' but it doesn't say that *not over-preparing* is the way to draw out wonderful words. Rather, it's about being present and listening deeply.

ๅ•้กŒ 10 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€๏ผ‘ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4 ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(2)
ไปฅไธ‹ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใงๅ…จ็คพๅ“กใซ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใƒกใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

็คพๅ“กๅ„ไฝ

ใ‚ใŒ็คพใฎไบบๆฐ—ๅ•†ๅ“ใ€Œ็ท‘ๅฑฑ็‰งๅ ดใƒใƒผใ‚บ่ฉฐใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ€ใ‚’ใ€ๅฎšไพกใฎ30%ๅผ•ใ(ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ๅพŒ3,500ๅ††)ใง็คพๅ“กๅ‘ใ‘ใซ็‰นๅˆฅ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

่ณผๅ…ฅๅธŒๆœ›่€…ใฏใ€ๆทปไป˜ใฎ็”ณ่พผๆ›ธใซใŠๅๅ‰ใจ่ณผๅ…ฅๆ•ฐใ‚’ใ”่จ˜ๅ…ฅใฎใ†ใˆใ€3ๆœˆ9ๆ—ฅใพใงใซๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใพใงใƒกใƒผใƒซใงใŠ็”ณใ—่พผใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚้€šๅธธใ€็คพๅ†…่ฒฉๅฃฒใฎๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใจๅ•†ๅ“ใฎใŠๆธกใ—ใฏ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใง่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใง่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปฃ้‡‘ใจๅผ•ใๆ›ใˆใซใ€ใใฎๅ ดใงๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ใŠๆธกใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠๆธกใ—ๆœŸ้–“ใฏ3ๆœˆ16ๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰19ๆ—ฅใฎ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚

ไปฅไธŠใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

ๆทปไป˜ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซ: 3ๆœˆ1ๆ—ฅ ใ€Œ็ท‘ๅฑฑ็‰งๅ ดใƒใƒผใ‚บ่ฉฐใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ€ ็”ณ่พผๆ›ธ

ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒ ๅฎ‰ไบ•
English Summary & Annotations
This is an email sent to all employees of a company. It announces a special employee sale of their popular product, 'Midori-yama Ranch Cheese Assortment,' at a 30% discount (3,500 yen after discount). Employees wishing to purchase should fill out the attached application form with their name and quantity, and email it to the Sales Department by March 9th. While payment and product handover for in-house sales are usually handled by the Accounting Department, for this sale, they will be handled by the Sales Department. Products will be handed over on the spot in exchange for payment, during the handover period of March 16th to 19th.
Question 53

53) ใ€Œ็ท‘ๅฑฑ็‰งๅ ดใƒใƒผใ‚บ่ฉฐใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ€ใ‚’็คพๅ†…่ฒฉๅฃฒใง่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ„็คพๅ“กใฏใ€ๆœŸๆ—ฅใพใงใซๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใง็”ณใ—่พผใ‚“ใ ใ‚ใจใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The email states: '้€šๅธธใ€็คพๅ†…่ฒฉๅฃฒใฎๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใจๅ•†ๅ“ใฎใŠๆธกใ—ใฏ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใง่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใง่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปฃ้‡‘ใจๅผ•ใๆ›ใˆใซใ€ใใฎๅ ดใงๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ใŠๆธกใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚' (Normally, payment and product handover for in-house sales are done at the Accounting Department, but this time it will be done at the Sales Department. Products will be handed over on the spot in exchange for payment.) This clearly indicates that both payment and receipt will be at the Sales Department.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The email explicitly states that 'this time it will be done at the Sales Department,' contradicting the usual practice of the Accounting Department.

2) ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The email states both payment and handover are at the Sales Department for this special sale, not split between departments.

4) ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ชฒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ็ตŒ็†่ชฒใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The email states both payment and handover are at the Sales Department for this special sale, not split between departments.

ๅ•้กŒ 10 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€๏ผ‘ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4 ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(3)
้ณฅใฏๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซ็›ฎใงใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ใ€่‡ช่บซใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅˆ†ใ‘ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ„ชๅ…ˆ็š„ใซ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚้‡Ž็”Ÿใจ้ฃผ่‚ฒไธ‹ใงใฏใ€ใใ“ใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใกใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้‡่ฆใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ๅคงใใๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅˆคๆ–ญใฎใ—ใ‹ใŸ่‡ชไฝ“ใฏๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ•ใฃใจๆตใ™ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆณจๆ„ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ‹ใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€้‡่ฆใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“่จ˜ๆ†ถใฎใชใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆถˆใˆใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
The passage explains how birds observe their surroundings daily, discerning what is important for their lives and preferentially remembering necessary things. While the specific things deemed important differ between 'wild' (้‡Ž็”Ÿ: ่‡ช็„ถใฎใชใ‹ใง็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ - living in nature) and 'captivity' (้ฃผ่‚ฒไธ‹: ้ฃผใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ - being kept/raised), the method of judgment remains unchanged. Birds observe important things in detail and unimportant things with less attention, and things deemed unimportant gradually disappear from their memory.
Question 54

54) ้ณฅใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้‡่ฆใ ใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใ„ใใ€‚
2.2) ็”Ÿๆดปใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดใŒใกใŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใ„ใใ€‚
3.3) ็”Ÿๆดปใซ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใง่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใ„ใใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ็”Ÿๆดปใซ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆฌก็ฌฌใซ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‹ใ‚‰ๆถˆใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ็”Ÿๆดปใซ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใง่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใ„ใใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: '้ณฅใฏๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซ็›ฎใงใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ใ€่‡ช่บซใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅˆ†ใ‘ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ„ชๅ…ˆ็š„ใซ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚' (Birds observe their surroundings daily with their eyes, distinguish what is important for their own lives, and live by preferentially remembering what is necessary.) This directly supports option 3.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้‡่ฆใ ใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใ„ใใ€‚

The passage states birds prioritize important things, not necessarily things seen repeatedly. Unimportant things are forgotten quickly.

2) ็”Ÿๆดปใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดใŒใกใŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใ„ใใ€‚

The passage states that 'important things change greatly' depending on whether they are in the wild or in captivity, meaning the specific things remembered will differ based on the environment.

4) ็”Ÿๆดปใซ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆฌก็ฌฌใซ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‹ใ‚‰ๆถˆใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚

The passage states that 'things judged as unimportant gradually disappear from memory,' implying that important things are retained, not forgotten.

ๅ•้กŒ 10 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€๏ผ‘ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4 ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(4)
ไปฅไธ‹ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็”บใฎๆŽฒ็คบๆฟใซ่ฒผใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸๆ–‡ๆ›ธใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

10ๆœˆ5ๆ—ฅ

ไฝๆฐ‘ใฎ็š†ๆง˜ใธ

ใ”ใฟใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใŠ้ก˜ใ„

ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใ€Œๅฏ็‡ƒใ”ใฟใ€ใฎๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซ่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใŒๅคšใๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅธ‚ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใฏใ€่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟใ€ใฎๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่ณ‡ๆบใ‚’ๆœ‰ๅŠนใซๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฏใ€ๅธ‚ๅ†…8ใ‹ๆ‰€ใฎๅ…ฌๅ…ฑๆ–ฝ่จญใซ่จญ็ฝฎใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›žๅŽใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ‚‚ๅ›žๅŽใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ›žๅŽๅพŒใฏใ€ไธญๅคใฎ่กฃ้กžใจใ—ใฆๅ†ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅทฅๅ ดใงๅ†็”Ÿๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๅ”ๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

็ซนๅทๅธ‚ๅฝนๆ‰€ ๅธ‚ๆฐ‘็”Ÿๆดป่ชฒ
English Summary & Annotations
This document, posted on a town's bulletin board, is an 'appeal regarding garbage' (ใ”ใฟใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใŠ้ก˜ใ„) to residents. It notes that recently, many clothing and fabric items have been put out on 'combustible waste' (ๅฏ็‡ƒใ”ใฟ) collection days. However, city rules state that these items should be put out on 'recyclable waste' (่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟ) collection days every Tuesday. To effectively utilize resources, residents are asked to put items out on the designated collection day. Clothing and fabric items can also be collected at collection boxes in 8 public facilities within the city, after which they are reused as second-hand clothing or recycled in factories. The document, from Takegawa City Hall, Citizen Life Division, requests cooperation.
Question 55

55) ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆ›ธใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไผใˆใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟใ€ใจใ—ใฆๅ‡บใ™่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฎ้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
2.2) ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟใ€ ใฎๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซใ€Œๅฏ็‡ƒใ”ใฟใ€ ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„ใงใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
3.3) ่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟใ€ ใฎๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฏใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ่จญ็ฝฎใ—ใŸๅ›žๅŽใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟใ€ ใฎๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The document highlights that clothing/fabric items are being put out on 'combustible waste' days, but city rules state they should be put out on 'recyclable waste' days (Tuesdays). The main request is to follow the rules for proper resource utilization: '่ณ‡ๆบใ‚’ๆœ‰ๅŠนใซๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚' (To effectively utilize resources, please put them out on the designated collection day.) Option 3 directly addresses this core message.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟใ€ใจใ—ใฆๅ‡บใ™่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฎ้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

The document asks for cooperation in recycling clothing/fabric, not to reduce the amount of 'recyclable waste.'

2) ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟใ€ ใฎๅ›žๅŽๆ—ฅใซใ€Œๅฏ็‡ƒใ”ใฟใ€ ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„ใงใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

The document is about clothing/fabric (่ณ‡ๆบใ”ใฟ), not about putting 'combustible waste' on 'recyclable waste' days.

4) ่กฃ้กžใƒปๅธƒ้กžใฏใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ่จญ็ฝฎใ—ใŸๅ›žๅŽใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

While collection boxes are mentioned as an alternative, the primary message is about putting items out on the *correct collection day* according to city rules, not specifically about newly installed boxes.

ๅ•้กŒ 10 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€๏ผ‘ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4 ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(5)
่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅธธ่ญ˜ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ€ใใ†ใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๆž ใจใ—ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ—ใฐใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใชใ„ใฒใจใŒ็พใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธ่ญ˜ใชใฒใจใ€ๅค‰ใชใฒใจใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅค‰ใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใพใˆใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่‡ช่ฆšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๆž ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
The author explains that when one encounters a 'person' (<u>ใฒใจ</u>) who doesn't share what one considered common sense or an 'invisible framework' (่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๆž ) that bound oneself, that person might initially seem 'unreasonable' (้žๅธธ่ญ˜) or 'strange' (ๅค‰ใช). However, by feeling that they are strange, one for the first time 'becomes aware' (่‡ช่ฆšใ™ใ‚‹: ๆ„่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ - becomes conscious) of what they thought was normal. The invisible framework then becomes visible.
Question 56

56) ็ญ†่€…ใฏใ€<u>ใฒใจ</u>ใจๅ‡บไผšใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๆž ใŒๅค‰ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚
2.2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ—ใฐใฃใฆใ„ใŸ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅธธ่ญ˜ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ ใฃใŸใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚
4.4) ใปใ‹ใฎใฒใจใฎๅธธ่ญ˜ใฏ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ—ใฐใฃใฆใ„ใŸ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: 'ใใ‚ŒใŒๅค‰ใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใพใˆใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่‡ช่ฆšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๆž ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚' (By feeling that it's strange, for the first time, one becomes aware of what they thought was normal. The invisible framework becomes visible.) This means encountering people with different common sense makes one realize their own ingrained ways of thinking. Option 2 aligns with this.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๆž ใŒๅค‰ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚

The passage says one realizes their own 'invisible framework' (ๅธธ่ญ˜) by encountering others, not that the framework itself is strange.

3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅธธ่ญ˜ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ ใฃใŸใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚

The passage doesn't say one's common sense is *wrong*, but rather that one becomes *aware* of it as a 'framework' by seeing others who don't share it.

4) ใปใ‹ใฎใฒใจใฎๅธธ่ญ˜ใฏ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚

The passage focuses on self-awareness gained from encountering others, not on the difficulty of understanding others' common sense.

ๅ•้กŒ 11 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€ใ„2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(1)
ไปฅไธ‹ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐ†ๆฃ‹ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ๅฐ†ๆฃ‹ใฎไธ–็•Œใซใฏใ€ใ€Œไธ่ชฟใ‚‚ไธ‰ๅนด็ถšใ‘ใฐๅฎŸๅŠ›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใŒใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใฏๅฎŸๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏ่ชฟๅญใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ ใ‘ใ ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไธ‰ๅนดใ‚‚ใ€็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ‡บใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌไบบใฎๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฎŸๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ตๆง‹ใ‚ทใƒ“ใ‚ขใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚

ไปฎใซใ€ไธ่ชฟใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใŒ็พๅœจใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ€ๅฎŸๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚„็ทด็ฟ’ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ€ๅฎŸๅŠ›ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆˆฆๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝใซๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๅŠ›ใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‰ฉไบ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ™ใใซ็ตๆžœใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๆˆๆžœใŒๅ‡บใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใ“ใใŒใ€ใ€Œไธ่ชฟใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใจใใฏใ€ใพใšๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใƒขใƒใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†่ปขๆ›ใ‚’ๅ›ณใ‚‹ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่ชฟๅญใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ„ใใชใ‚Šๅคงใใชใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไปŠใพใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดป็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆ—ฉ่ตทใใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ถฃๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆœ่ฃ…ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ€ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใซใƒกใƒชใƒใƒชใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒ่กŒใ่ฉฐใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ฝใกใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
The author, a professional Shogi player, introduces the saying 'If a slump continues for three years, it's skill' (ไธ่ชฟใ‚‚ไธ‰ๅนด็ถšใ‘ใฐๅฎŸๅŠ›). This means if one fails to produce results for three years, it's considered their true ability, a 'severe' (ใ‚ทใƒ“ใ‚ขใช: ๅŽณใ—ใ„ - strict) truth. If the slump is due to lack of effort or 'skill' (ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซ: ๆŠ€่ก“ - technique), one must work hard to improve. However, if one is doing things correctly but still not seeing results, that's a true 'slump' (ไธ่ชฟ). In such cases, the author advises changing one's mood (ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹) and trying something different, even small things, to prevent 'motivation' (ใƒขใƒใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ: ใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ— - drive) from dropping and to add 'variety' (ใƒกใƒชใƒใƒช: ๅค‰ๅŒ– - change) to life.
Question 57

57) ใ<u>ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใจใ</u>ใจใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใจใใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚„็ทด็ฟ’ใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ€็ตๆžœใŒๅ‡บใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ
2.2) ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ‡บใ›ใฐใ„ใ„ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ
3.3) ๅฎŸๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€็ตๆžœใซใคใชใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ
4.4) ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€็ตๆžœใซใคใชใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€็ตๆžœใซใคใชใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The sentence 'ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใจใ' refers to the preceding sentence: 'ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๆˆๆžœใŒๅ‡บใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใ“ใใŒใ€ใ€Œไธ่ชฟใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚' (Even if what you are doing is not wrong and the direction is correct, when results are still not appearing, that is what is called 'a slump'). Option 4 accurately describes this situation.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚„็ทด็ฟ’ใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ€็ตๆžœใŒๅ‡บใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ

The passage distinguishes between a lack of effort/skill (which requires more practice) and a 'slump' where effort is being made but results aren't appearing. This option describes the former.

2) ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ‡บใ›ใฐใ„ใ„ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ

The passage implies the person knows what results they want, but they are not achieving them despite correct efforts.

3) ๅฎŸๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€็ตๆžœใซใคใชใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ

This option is too general. The passage specifies that 'such a time' is when one is doing things correctly but still not getting results, not just any time results aren't connected to ability.

Question 58

58) ็ญ†่€…ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ไธ่ชฟใฎใจใใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ็ตๆžœใŒใ™ใใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ๅคงใใๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: 'ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใจใใฏใ€ใพใšๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใƒขใƒใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†่ปขๆ›ใ‚’ๅ›ณใ‚‹ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚' (At such times, the first thing to do is change your mood. Since motivation tends to drop, try to change your mood. In other words, it's good to try changing something.) Option 3 directly reflects this advice.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage suggests changing something to refresh one's mood, not necessarily analyzing the cause and adopting new methods, especially if the current methods are already 'not wrong and the direction is correct.'

2) ็ตๆžœใŒใ™ใใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage advises starting with 'small things' because one is in a slump, not necessarily things that yield immediate results.

4) ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ๅคงใใๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage explicitly states: 'ใ„ใใชใ‚Šๅคงใใชใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚' (It's better to start with small things rather than big ones all of a sudden), contradicting this option.

ๅ•้กŒ 11 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€ใ„2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(2)
ใƒŠใ‚นใ‚„ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใฏไบบ้–“ใŒๆ ฝๅŸนใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚‚ใ€ไฝ•ๆ—ฅ้–“ใ‹ๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใšใ€ใใฎใ‚ใจใ€ใŸใฃใทใ‚Šใฎๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ ฝๅŸนๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใจใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฐดใ‚’ๆ–ญใค(ๆณจ1)ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใจๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใฐใ€ๆค็‰ฉใฏๆžฏใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€โ‘ ๆ นใฎๆ€ง่ณชใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€็ดๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹็†่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚

ๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹่Šฝ็”Ÿใˆใฏใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ๆฐดใ‚’ใŸใฃใทใ‚ŠใจไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ นใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็™บ้”ใ•ใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆ นใ‚’็™บ้”ใ•ใ›ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆฐดใŒๅๅˆ†ใซๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚้€†ใซใ€ๆฐดใŒไธ่ถณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆค็‰ฉใฏๆฐดใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆๆ นใ‚’ๅผตใ‚Šใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ๆ—ฅ้–“ใ‚‚ๆฐดใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ€ๆค็‰ฉใฏๆ นใ‚’ๅผทใ้•ทใๅผตใ‚Šใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹(ๆณจ2)ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

ๆ นใ‚’ๅผทใ้•ทใๅผตใ‚Šใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ›ใŸๆค็‰ฉใซใ€ๆฐดใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๆ นใŒๆฐดใ‚’ใ„ใฃใ›ใ„ใซๅธๅŽใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

(ไธญ็•ฅ)

ใ€ŒๅคšใใฎๆฐดใŒไธ€ๆฐ—ใซๅธๅŽใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€ๆžœๅฎŸใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆžœๅฎŸใŒๆฐดใฃใฝใใชใฃใฆใ€็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๆžœๅฎŸใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ใจใฎๅฟƒ้…ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€โ‘กๅฟƒ้…ใฏใ„ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆ นใŒๆฐดใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใŒๅผทใใชใ‚‹ใจใ€้คŠๅˆ†(ๆณจ3)ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใๅธๅŽใ•ใ‚Œใ€่‘‰ใŒๅคงใใๅฑ•้–‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…‰ๅˆๆˆ(ๆณจ4)ใŒๅๅˆ†ใซใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใฎใ‚‚ใจใซใชใ‚‹็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚‚ๅคšใใคใใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
The passage explains a cultivation method for plants like eggplants and tomatoes where they are deprived of water for several days, then given plenty. This method is logical considering the 'nature of roots' (ๆ นใฎๆ€ง่ณช). If seedlings receive abundant water daily, their roots don't develop much. However, if water is scarce, plants extend their roots strongly in search of it. When water is then supplied, these well-developed roots absorb it all at once. The author addresses the concern that this might make fruits watery and less flavorful, stating 'there's no need to worry' (ๅฟƒ้…ใฏใ„ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“). This is because strong root absorption leads to good 'nutrient' (้คŠๅˆ†: ๆ „้คŠใจใชใ‚‹ๆˆๅˆ† - nutritional components) absorption, large leaf development, and sufficient 'photosynthesis' (ๅ…‰ๅˆๆˆ: ๆค็‰ฉใŒๅ…‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆ „้คŠใจใชใ‚‹ๆˆๅˆ†ใ‚’ใคใใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจ - plants producing nutrients using light), which creates the substances for sweetness and umami.
Question 59

59) โ‘ <u>ๆ นใฎๆ€ง่ณช</u>ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่Šฝ็”Ÿใˆใฎใจใไฝ•ๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ„ใงใŠใใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ็™บ้”ใ—ๆฐดใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
2.2) ่Šฝ็”ŸใˆใฎใจใๆฐดใŒไธ่ถณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎใ‚ใจๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ‚‚ๅธๅŽใ—ใชใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ๆฐดใ‚’ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ้ฉๅบฆใซไธŽใˆ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅผทใ้•ทใๅผตใ‚Šๆฐดใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
4.4) ๆ นใŒ็™บ้”ใ—ใŸใ‚ใจๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅผทใ้•ทใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ่Šฝ็”Ÿใˆใฎใจใไฝ•ๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ„ใงใŠใใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ็™บ้”ใ—ๆฐดใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains that if seedlings are given plenty of water daily, their roots don't develop much. Conversely, if water is scarce for several days, the plants spread their roots strongly and deeply in search of water. When water is then provided, these well-developed roots absorb it all at once. Option 1 accurately summarizes this: 'If seedlings are left without water for several days, their roots develop well and become able to absorb water.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ่Šฝ็”ŸใˆใฎใจใๆฐดใŒไธ่ถณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎใ‚ใจๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ‚‚ๅธๅŽใ—ใชใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage states that if water is scarce, roots develop strongly, and when water is given *after that*, they absorb it all at once, contradicting the idea that they stop absorbing.

3) ๆฐดใ‚’ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ้ฉๅบฆใซไธŽใˆ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅผทใ้•ทใๅผตใ‚Šๆฐดใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage states that if water is given *daily*, roots *don't* develop much, which contradicts this option.

4) ๆ นใŒ็™บ้”ใ—ใŸใ‚ใจๆฐดใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅผทใ้•ทใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage describes how roots develop strongly when water is *not* given, especially during the seedling stage, not that they become stronger *after* they have already developed and then deprived of water.

Question 60

60) โ‘ก<u>ๅฟƒ้…ใฏใ„ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“</u>ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใชใœใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๆ นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅธๅŽใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆฐดใงใ€ๆžœๅฎŸใŒ็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใฎใ‚‚ใจใ‚’ใคใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
2.2) ่‘‰ใŒๆฐดใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ—ใ€ๆžœๅฎŸใซ็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใฎใ‚‚ใจใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
3.3) ๆžœๅฎŸใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚Œใฐใ€็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใ‚’่“„ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
4.4) ๅคงใใใชใฃใŸ่‘‰ใŒใ€ๅ…‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใฎใ‚‚ใจใ‚’ใคใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ๅคงใใใชใฃใŸ่‘‰ใŒใ€ๅ…‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใฎใ‚‚ใจใ‚’ใคใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains that when roots absorb water strongly, they also absorb nutrients well, leaves expand, and photosynthesis (ๅ…‰ๅˆๆˆ: ใ“ใ†ใ”ใ†ใ›ใ„) occurs sufficiently. This leads to the production of more substances that are the source of sweetness and umami. Therefore, there's no need to worry about the fruit becoming watery and less flavorful. Option 4 directly states this: 'Because the enlarged leaves produce the source of sweetness and umami using light (photosynthesis).'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๆ นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅธๅŽใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆฐดใงใ€ๆžœๅฎŸใŒ็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใฎใ‚‚ใจใ‚’ใคใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage states that the *leaves* produce the substances for sweetness and umami through photosynthesis, not the fruit itself from water absorbed by roots.

2) ่‘‰ใŒๆฐดใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ—ใ€ๆžœๅฎŸใซ็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใฎใ‚‚ใจใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage states that leaves perform photosynthesis to create nutrients, which contribute to the fruit's flavor, but it doesn't say leaves absorb water and send it to the fruit for flavor.

3) ๆžœๅฎŸใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚Œใฐใ€็”˜ใฟใ‚„ๆ—จใฟใ‚’่“„ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage explains *how* sweetness and umami are produced (via photosynthesis in leaves due to strong root absorption), not simply that larger fruit can store more flavor.

ๅ•้กŒ 11 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€ใ„2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(3)
ไปฅไธ‹ใฏใ€ไปŠใฎ่‹ฅใ„ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎๅ‰ใงๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚็ทŠๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ†ใพใไผใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใจๆ€ใ†ไธๅฎ‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฐ—ๅพŒใ‚Œใ™ใ‚‹(ๆณจ1)ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ„ใคใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ†ใพใ่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจๅฐป่พผใฟใ™ใ‚‹(ๆณจ2)่€…ใฏใ„ใŸใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅซŒใŒใ‚‹่€…ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใฏใฟใ‚“ใชใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

็งใฏๅˆฅใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚„่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’็ขบใ‹ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใ„ใใŸใ‚ใซใฏๆฌ ใ‹ใ›ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใจใ„ใ†่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ใจใ“ใ‚ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏไธญ้ซ˜็”Ÿใซ้™ใ‚‰ใš่‹ฅใ„ไบบๅ…จไฝ“ใฎไธญใซใ€ใพใฃใŸใใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ„ใปใฉ่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚้•ใ„ใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ€ไปฒใฎใ„ใ„้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใปใฉ่‡ช็„ถใชใ“ใจใชใฎใ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใชใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ไปฅๅ‰ใ€่‹ฅใ„ไบบใ‚’ๅ–ๆใ—ใฆใ€ใชใœ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใจ่จŠใ„ใŸ(ๆณจ3)ใจใใฎ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œไบบใซใฏใใ‚Œใž่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใ‚„ใ‹ใ(ๆณจ4)่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚(ๆณจ5)็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅ€‹ไบบไธป็พฉใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใŒใ€ๆฐ—ใฎใŠใ‘ใชใ„(ๆณจ6)ใฏใšใฎ่ฆชใ—ใ„ๅ‹ใ ใกใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไธ่‡ช็„ถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซๅๅฏพใ•ใ‚Œใฆๅ‚ทใคใใฎใŒใ„ใ‚„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๅๅฏพใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใ€ใงใ€<็ตๅฑ€ใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‚ทใคใใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใฎใ >ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
The author discusses how young people today avoid 'discussions' (่ญฐ่ซ–). While nervousness about speaking in front of many people is universal, the author's generation, accustomed to discussions with friends, didn't dislike expressing their opinions. The author believes that exchanging opinions is essential for solidifying one's own thoughts. However, today's youth, including middle and high school students, rarely engage in discussions. They avoid asserting differences, even with close friends, claiming 'everyone has their own way of thinking, so you can't criticize' (ใจใ‚„ใ‹ใ: ่‰ฏใ„ใจใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ‹ - good or bad). The author argues this isn't true 'individualism' (ๅ€‹ไบบไธป็พฉ) but rather a fear of being hurt by opposition, leading them to conform to avoid 'being hurt' (ๅ‚ทใคใใฎใŒใ„ใ‚„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰) and because they 'care about themselves' (่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„).
Question 61

61) ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎๅ‰ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ทŠๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅซŒใ„ใชไบบใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
2.2) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€็™บ่จ€ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ๅคšใใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใฟใ‚“ใช็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
4.4) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ†ใพใๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€็™บ่จ€ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: '็งใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ†ใพใ่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจๅฐป่พผใฟใ™ใ‚‹่€…ใฏใ„ใŸใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅซŒใŒใ‚‹่€…ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใฏใฟใ‚“ใชใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚' (In our case, there were those who hesitated because they couldn't speak well, but few disliked expressing their own thoughts. This is probably because everyone engaged in discussions with friends.) This means they were used to discussions, so few avoided speaking. Option 2 aligns with this.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ทŠๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅซŒใ„ใชไบบใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

The passage states few disliked expressing their thoughts, even if they were nervous, because they were used to discussions.

3) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ๅคšใใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใฟใ‚“ใช็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚

While they did many discussions, the passage says some *hesitated* (ๅฐป่พผใฟใ™ใ‚‹) due to nervousness, not that everyone actively spoke up without hesitation.

4) ไปฒ้–“ใจใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ†ใพใๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

The passage states they *did* engage in many discussions, which helped them express opinions, contradicting the idea that they didn't do much discussion.

Question 62

62) ไปŠใฎ่‹ฅใ„ไบบใŸใกใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„็†็”ฑใจใ—ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไบบใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰
2.2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใง็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
3.3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๅๅฏพใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใชๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ Correct
4.4) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’็›ธๆ‰‹ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๅๅฏพใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใชๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author concludes: 'ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซๅๅฏพใ•ใ‚Œใฆๅ‚ทใคใใฎใŒใ„ใ‚„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๅๅฏพใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใ€ใงใ€<็ตๅฑ€ใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‚ทใคใใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใฎใ >' (The truth is, 'they don't oppose what others say because they don't want to be hurt by having their own opinions opposed,' and '<Ultimately, conforming to friends is not out of consideration for friends. It's because they care about themselves and don't want to be hurt.>'). Option 3 directly reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไบบใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage implies they avoid discussion to prevent personal hurt, not because they believe their thoughts won't change.

2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใง็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage clarifies that their avoidance of disagreement is not out of consideration for others, but out of self-preservation (not wanting to be hurt).

4) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’็›ธๆ‰‹ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰

While understanding others can be difficult, the primary reason given is the fear of being hurt by opposition, not the difficulty of being understood.

ๅ•้กŒ 11 ๆฌกใฎใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€ใ„2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(4)
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ไบบใฏใใฎๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆกไปถใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็ขบๅฎŸใซๅ„ฒใ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸๆ™‚็‚นใงๅ•†ๅฃฒใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใ€Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใŒๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹็›ฎ็ฎ—ใŒ็ซ‹ใฃใŸ(ๆณจ1)ๆ™‚็‚นใงไผš็คพใ‚’่พžใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆกไปถใŒๆƒใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆฑบๆ–ญใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅ‡บใใ†ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็พๅฎŸใซใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจๆ€ใ†ๆกไปถใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆƒใ†ใ“ใจใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚„ๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆกไปถใŒๆ•ดใ‚ใชใ„ใ†ใกใซใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใŒๆฑบๆ–ญใฎๅธธใชใฎใงใ™(ๆณจ2)ใ€‚

ๆฑบๆ–ญใŒใงใใ‚‹ไบบใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใใพใˆใฆใ„ใฆ(ๆณจ3)ใ€ๆกไปถใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่‡ช่ฆš(ๆณจ4)ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใใกใ‚“ใจๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใ€Œๆกไปถไธ่ถณใ‚’่‡ช่ฆšใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆฑบๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒๅคงไบ‹ใชใจใ“ใ‚ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๆฑบๆ–ญใฎใงใใชใ„ไบบใซ้™ใฃใฆใ€ๆกไปถใŒๆ•ดใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„่จณใซใ—ใŸใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆๅๅˆ†ใชๆกไปถใŒๆƒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใพใ ใ‚ใ‚Œใ“ใ‚Œใจไธ่ถณใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไธฆใน็ซ‹ใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

ๅธธใซๆกไปถใŒไธ่ถณใ™ใ‚‹ไธญใงๆฑบๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒ„ใฎไธ€ใคใฏ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณ(ๆณจ5)ใ‚’ๆŒใคใฎใงใ™ใ€‚็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใ€ใใ“ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใ†ๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใ‚’ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆกไปถใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆฑบๆ–ญใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
When making decisions, people often seek conditions that guarantee success, like waiting for 'certain profit' (็ขบๅฎŸใซๅ„ฒใ‹ใ‚‹) or 'success prospects' (็›ฎ็ฎ—ใŒ็ซ‹ใค: ่ฆ‹้€šใ—ใŒใคใ - prospects are clear). However, the author states that in reality, one can never know everything or have all necessary conditions met. It is 'common' (ใ€œใฎๅธธใ : ใ€œใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ  - it is a given) to have to start moving before all the desired information or necessary conditions are in place. Decisive people 'understand this' (ใ‚ใใพใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹: ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - understand) and make decisions while 'being aware' (่‡ช่ฆšใ™ใ‚‹: ่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่ชใ‚ใ‚‹ - acknowledge) of insufficient conditions. A key to making decisions despite insufficient conditions is to have a clear 'vision' (ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณ: ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธ - future image) or goal, such as 'what one wants to do' or 'what one wants to become.' By setting a goal and always being aware of the direction towards it, one can make decisions even with incomplete information.
Question 63

63) <u>ใใ‚Œ</u>ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒๅๅˆ†ใซๆƒใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ“ใจ
2.2) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ“ใจ
3.3) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจ
4.4) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒๆƒใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒๆƒใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: 'ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚„ๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆกไปถใŒๆ•ดใ‚ใชใ„ใ†ใกใซใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใŒๆฑบๆ–ญใฎๅธธใชใฎใงใ™' (It is common for decisions that one must start moving before all the desired information or necessary conditions are in place). 'ใใ‚Œ' refers to this reality. Option 4 accurately captures this: 'That one must start moving even if the necessary conditions are not met.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒๅๅˆ†ใซๆƒใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ“ใจ

The passage explicitly states the opposite: one must move *before* conditions are fully met.

2) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ“ใจ

The passage implies that one might not even know all the necessary conditions, but still must act.

3) ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆกไปถใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจ

This option states 'even if one doesn't know what the necessary conditions are,' which is a stronger claim than the passage makes. The passage focuses on conditions *not being met* rather than not knowing what they are.

Question 64

64) ็ญ†่€…ใฏๆฑบๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆกไปถใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
2.2) ็Šถๆณใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใใ“ใจ
3.3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซๅฎšใ‚ใฆใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ Correct
4.4) ็›ฎๆจ™ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅธธใซๆ„่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซๅฎšใ‚ใฆใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage concludes: 'ๅธธใซๆกไปถใŒไธ่ถณใ™ใ‚‹ไธญใงๆฑบๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒ„ใฎไธ€ใคใฏ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚' (One tip for making decisions when conditions are always insufficient is to have a goal.) It further explains: 'ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใคใฎใงใ™ใ€‚็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใ€ใใ“ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใ†ๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใ‚’ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆกไปถใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆฑบๆ–ญใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚' (Have a vision of 'what you want to do,' 'what you want to become,' 'how you want to be.' If you set a goal and always keep the direction towards it in mind, you should be able to make decisions even if conditions are insufficient.) Option 3 summarizes this: 'Clearly define one's goal and not forget it.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆกไปถใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

While understanding insufficient conditions is part of it, the core advice for making decisions despite them is to have a clear goal, not just to think about what's missing.

2) ็Šถๆณใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใใ“ใจ

The passage emphasizes having a clear, consistent goal, not changing it according to the situation.

4) ็›ฎๆจ™ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅธธใซๆ„่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

The passage stresses setting a goal and being aware of the *direction* towards it, not constantly checking if the goal itself is suitable.

ๅ•้กŒ 12 ๆฌกใฎAใจBใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4 ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

A
ใ‹ใคใฆ็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅฟ™ใ—ใใ€้‹ๅ‹•ใŒ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใšใซๆ‚ฉใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใŸ้‹ๅ‹•ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ†ใกใซใ€็„ก็†ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใซๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚็พๅœจใฏ้€šๅ‹คใ‚„่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใจใใ€่ปŠใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใšใซๆญฉใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใงใฏใชใ้šŽๆฎตใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๆญฉใใจใใฏใ€ใตใ ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿ่ถณใงๆญฉใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ้‹ๅ‹•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงไบ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚

้‹ๅ‹•ใซใฏไฝ“ใฎๅฅๅบทใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่งฃๆถˆใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉๅฟƒใฎๅฅๅบทใ‚’ไฟใคๅŠนๆžœใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใšใฃใจ็„ก็†ใ›ใšใซ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใŸใ„ใ€‚

B
็งใฏใ€้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใชใ‹ใชใ‹็ถšใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใใ‚“ใชใจใใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎใ‚ใจใงไปฒ้–“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ€‚ไปฒ้–“ใจไบ’ใ„ใซๆˆๆžœใ‚’ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ—ๅˆใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑไบคๆ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€้‹ๅ‹•ใธใฎ้–ขๅฟƒใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใง็–ฒใ‚Œใฆ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้ขๅ€’ใชใจใใ‚„้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใคใ‚‰ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ‚‚ใ€่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†่ปขๆ›ใŒใงใใŸใ€‚

็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ไธ€ไบบใง้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใปใ†ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚นใงใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงๆฐ—ๆฅฝใ ใจใ„ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€ไบบใงใฏใ€ใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใชใ„ใจใใซ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ไปฒ้–“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€้ ‘ๅผตใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๆฌฒใŒใ‚ใ„ใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚้‹ๅ‹•ใฏ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
Passage A describes the author's approach to exercise: integrating it into daily life (e.g., walking instead of driving, taking stairs, walking faster) to make it a 'habit' (็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ). This allows for daily exercise even with limited time. The author also notes exercise's benefits for mental health, like 'stress relief' (ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่งฃๆถˆ). Passage B describes the author's struggle to continue exercise alone, finding success by 'running with friends' (ไปฒ้–“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ). This group activity increased their 'interest in exercise' (้‹ๅ‹•ใธใฎ้–ขๅฟƒ) and provided 'a change of pace' (ๆฐ—ๅˆ†่ปขๆ›) when tired. While some prefer exercising alone, the author believes exercising with friends fosters 'motivation' (ๆ„ๆฌฒ) and emphasizes that 'continuing exercise' (็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจ) is what gives it meaning.
Question 65

65) AใจBใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้‹ๅ‹•ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใซใงใใ‚‹้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) Aใฏ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้•ทใ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใ€ Bใฏไปฒ้–“ใจๆˆๆžœใ‚’็ซถใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
4.4) Aใฏ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใ€ Bใฏไปฒ้–“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) Aใฏ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใ€ Bใฏไปฒ้–“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Passage A describes incorporating exercise into daily life (walking instead of driving, taking stairs, walking faster) to make it a habit. Passage B describes exercising with friends (running together, reporting results, exchanging info) to stay motivated. Option 4 accurately reflects these distinct approaches.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้‹ๅ‹•ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

A focuses on integrating simple movements into daily life, not 'various exercises.' B focuses on running with friends.

2) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใซใงใใ‚‹้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

While A's methods are simple, B's running might not be considered 'easy' for everyone. The key distinction is *how* they maintain consistency, not just ease.

3) Aใฏ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้•ทใ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใ€ Bใฏไปฒ้–“ใจๆˆๆžœใ‚’็ซถใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

A aims for daily movement, not necessarily 'as long as possible.' B emphasizes mutual support and motivation, not 'competing for results.'

Question 66

66) AใจBใŒๅ…ฑ้€šใ—ใฆๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅŠนๆžœใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ†ใˆใง้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
2.2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใŸ้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
3.3) ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใชใŒใ‚‰้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
4.4) ็ถ™็ถšใ—ใฆ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ็ถ™็ถšใ—ใฆ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Passage A states: 'ไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงไบ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใšใฃใจ็„ก็†ใ›ใšใซ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใŸใ„ใ€‚' (I think it's important to make moving my body a habit. I want to continue it without overdoing it forever.) Passage B states: '้‹ๅ‹•ใฏ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚' (I think there is meaning in continuing exercise.) Both passages explicitly emphasize the importance of *continuing* exercise. Option 4 captures this common point.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๅŠนๆžœใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ†ใˆใง้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

While understanding effects might be beneficial, it's not explicitly stated as the *most important common point* by both authors.

2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใŸ้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

A talks about finding a suitable method, but B focuses on group motivation. Finding the *right* exercise isn't the shared core message; *continuing* it is.

3) ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใชใŒใ‚‰้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

B mentions enjoying exercise with friends, but A focuses on making it a habit, not necessarily 'enjoying' it as the primary motivator.

ๅ•้กŒ 13 ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

ไบบ้–“ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏโ‘ ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅ€‹ไฝ“ใŒ็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใใŸใ‚ใซๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใ ใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€ไป–่€…ใ€ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใ‘(ๆณจ1)่บซ่ฟ‘ใชไป–่€…ใŒๅ–œใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใพใŸๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ„ใ†็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใชใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใพใŸไบบ้–“ใฎ่‡ช็„ถใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ใปใ‹ใฎ็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไพ‹ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚ๆ€ใˆใฐใ€่ฆชใŒๅญใฉใ‚‚ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ€็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใ‚ใŸใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎไบบ้–“็š„ใชๅ–œใณใ‚ˆใ†(ๆณจ2)ใฎๅ…ธๅž‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„่ฆชใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใใฎใ‚‚ใฎ(ๆณจ3)ใŒๅญ่‚ฒใฆใฎๅ–œใณใจใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚‚ใพใŸใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎๅ–œใถๅงฟใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™่‚ฒใฎๅ–œใณใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎๆ–นใฏใฉใ†ใชใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใŒๅ‘จๅ›ฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ€ๅ–œใณใ‚’ใ‚ใŸใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใฏใ€ๆ˜”ใซๆฏ”ในใฆๅœงๅ€’็š„ใซๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚้€†ใซใ€โ‘กไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไปปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚„ไฝ“้จ“ใ‚’ใ€ใ„ใพใฎๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใฏใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ๅ‘ณใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใพใ ็คพไผšๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ่ฒงใ—ใใฆใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŒไธ€ไบบใฎ็”Ÿๆดป่€…ใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚ŒใฐๅฎถใŒๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ(ๆณจ4)ๆ™‚ไปฃใซใฏใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใฏๅฆๅฟœใชใ(ๆณจ5)ใใ†ใ—ใŸไฝ“้จ“ใ‚’ๅ‘ณใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŒๅƒใใฎใŒๅฝ“็„ถใจใ„ใ†ใชใ‹ใงใฏใ€่ฆชใŒ่ช‰ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅ–œใณใ‚’ใŠใ‚‚ใฆใซ่กจใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใฎใ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‹ใซใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใŒ็ขบๅฎŸใซใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็”Ÿๆดป่€…ใจใ—ใฆใฎๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎ่‡ชไฟกใจใชใฃใŸใ€‚

(ไธญ็•ฅ)

ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซ่ฑŠใ‹ใช็คพไผšใซใชใฃใฆใ€็”Ÿๆดปใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใŒ่ฒจๅนฃใงใพใ‹ใชใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹(ๆณจ6)ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใซ้ ผใ‚Šใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใซไปปใ›ใ‚‹้ ˜ๅŸŸ(ๆณจ7)ใŒใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ใจๆธ›ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใ€็ตๆžœใจใ—ใฆๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฏใ€ใฒใŸใ™ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅญ˜ๅœจใ€‘ใซใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ€‚

ใ€Œๅญใฉใ‚‚ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŠใจใชใŸใกใŒๅ–„ๆ„ใงๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใ‚’ใ€ใฒใŸใ™ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ€‘ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใˆใฃใฆๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใฆๅ–œใถใจใ„ใ†ไบบ้–“ใฎ่‡ช็„ถใ‚’ๅฅชใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
The author describes humans as 'strange creatures' (ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹) because, beyond seeking personal gain, they find joy in making 'others, especially close ones' (ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใ‘: ็‰นใซ - especially) happy. This is a unique human trait, exemplified by parents finding joy in their children's happiness. The author then questions how much 'opportunity or experience' (ๆฉŸไผšใ‚„ไฝ“้จ“) today's children have to be 'entrusted with something and make others happy' (ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไปปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚„ไฝ“้จ“). In poorer times, children had to work, and even without praise, they gained a sense of being 'useful' (ๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹) and developed 'confidence' (่‡ชไฟก). However, in today's economically rich society, children are increasingly 'protected single-mindedly' (ใฒใŸใ™ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅญ˜ๅœจ), losing opportunities to contribute and experience the natural human joy of helping others and making them happy. The author argues that while protecting children is natural, excessive protection can 'deprive' (ๅฅชใ†) them of this fundamental human nature.
Question 67

67) โ‘ <u>ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹</u>ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ็ญ†่€…ใฏใชใœใใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠ›ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
2.2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ–œใณใ‚ˆใ‚Šไป–่€…ใฎๅ–œใณใ‚’ๅ„ชๅ…ˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
3.3) ไป–่€…ใ‚’้คŠใ†ใ“ใจใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰
4.4) ไป–่€…ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ–œใณใจใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ไป–่€…ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ–œใณใจใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states: '่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€ไป–่€…ใ€ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใ‘่บซ่ฟ‘ใชไป–่€…ใŒๅ–œใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใพใŸๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ„ใ†็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใชใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚' (Humans are creatures who, when they use their own power to do something and others, especially those close to them, are pleased, they also become happy. That is the kind of creature they are.) This unique aspect of finding joy in making others happy is what the author considers 'strange.' Option 4 directly states this.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠ›ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage states that being happy when one's own efforts benefit oneself is 'natural' for survival, not 'strange.' The strangeness comes from finding joy in *others'* happiness.

2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ–œใณใ‚ˆใ‚Šไป–่€…ใฎๅ–œใณใ‚’ๅ„ชๅ…ˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage doesn't say humans prioritize others' joy *over* their own, but rather that others' joy *becomes* their own joy, which is a different concept.

3) ไป–่€…ใ‚’้คŠใ†ใ“ใจใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage discusses finding joy in making others happy, not specifically about raising or supporting others as a personal benefit.

Question 68

68) <u>ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไปปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚„ไฝ“้จ“</u>ใฏใ€ๆ˜”ใฎๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ใ‚ใŸใˆใŸใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๅฎŸๆ„Ÿใงใใ€่‡ชไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚ Correct
2.2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅƒใใฎใŒๅฝ“็„ถใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚
3.3) ็”Ÿๆดปใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ—ใฆใ„
4.4) ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๅฎŸๆ„Ÿใงใใ€่‡ชไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states that in the past, children had to work, and even without praise, 'ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‹ใซใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใŒ็ขบๅฎŸใซใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็”Ÿๆดป่€…ใจใ—ใฆใฎๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎ่‡ชไฟกใจใชใฃใŸใ€‚' (children certainly had a sense that they were useful, and that became the children's confidence as members of society). Option 1 directly reflects this.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๅƒใใฎใŒๅฝ“็„ถใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

The passage states that working was 'natural' for them, but the *impact* was gaining confidence, not just thinking it was natural.

3) ็”Ÿๆดปใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ—ใฆใ„

While they gained experience, the passage emphasizes the development of *confidence* and a sense of being useful, not just improved practical skills.

4) ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

The passage doesn't suggest they felt they didn't need protection; it focuses on the confidence gained from contributing.

Question 69

69) ็ญ†่€…ใŒใŠใจใชใŸใกใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅญใฉใ‚‚่‡ช่บซใซใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ไบบใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‹่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚
2.2) ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŒไบบใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ใชใใ•ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฏๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅญ˜ๅœจใ ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใฏ่ชคใ‚Šใ ใ€‚
4.4) ่ฆช่‡ช่บซใŒไบบใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅงฟใ‚’ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŒไบบใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ใชใใ•ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author argues that while protecting children is natural, 'ใŠใจใชใŸใกใŒๅ–„ๆ„ใงๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใ‚’ใ€ใฒใŸใ™ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ€‘ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใˆใฃใฆๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ–œใฐใ›ใฆๅ–œใถใจใ„ใ†ไบบ้–“ใฎ่‡ช็„ถใ‚’ๅฅชใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚' (when adults protect children 'single-mindedly' out of good intentions, it ironically deprives children of the human nature of being useful to others and being happy by making others happy). Therefore, the author wants adults to provide opportunities for children to be useful and make others happy. Option 2 aligns with this.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๅญใฉใ‚‚่‡ช่บซใซใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ไบบใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‹่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚

The author wants adults to provide opportunities, not just make children think about how to be useful themselves.

3) ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฏๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅญ˜ๅœจใ ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใฏ่ชคใ‚Šใ ใ€‚

The author acknowledges that 'ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œ' (Protect children) is natural, but criticizes the *excessive* protection that deprives them of opportunities to contribute, not the idea of protection itself.

4) ่ฆช่‡ช่บซใŒไบบใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅงฟใ‚’ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚

The passage focuses on children's opportunities to contribute, not on parents demonstrating usefulness.

ๅ•้กŒ14 ๅณใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็€็‰ฉใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซๅบ—ใฎใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆกˆๅ†…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ‹ใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€ 1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

็€็‰ฉใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซ ใฏใชใ‹ใ‚

็€็‰ฉใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใฎใ”ๆกˆๅ†…

็€็‰ฉใ‚’็€ใฆๆฐดๆฃฎๅธ‚ใ‚’่ฆณๅ…‰ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ€Œใฏใชใ‹ใ‚ใ€ใงใฏใ€ๅฑฑๆž—ๅบ—ใ€ๅคๅฏบๅบ—ใ€ๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใฎไธ‰ใคใฎๅบ—ใงใ€ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใฎ็€็‰ฉใ‚’ใ”็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

<็€็‰ฉใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใฎๆตใ‚Œ>

โ‘  ใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใงใ”ไบˆ็ด„ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
โ‘ก ใ”ไบˆ็ด„ใฎๆ—ฅๆ™‚ใซใ”ๆฅๅบ—ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใŠๅฅฝใใช็€็‰ฉใซใŠ็€ๆ›ฟใˆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ–นใซใฏ็„กๆ–™ใงใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
โ‘ข ใŠๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใฎใ‚ใจใ€็€็‰ฉใง่ฆณๅ…‰ใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
โ‘ฃ ๅ„ๅบ—ใฎๆœ€็ต‚่ฟ”ๅดๆ™‚้–“ใพใงใซๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸๅบ—ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€ๅฝ“ๆ—ฅไธญใซ็€็‰ฉใ‚’ใ”่ฟ”ๅดใใ ใ•ใ„(็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๅธŒๆœ›ใฎๆ–นใฏใ€็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดใซใคใ„ใฆ>ใ‚’ใŠ่ชญใฟใใ ใ•ใ„)ใ€‚

<ๆ–™้‡‘ (1ๅๆง˜) >
ๅŸบๆœฌๆ–™้‡‘:3,500ๅ††

ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ>
ใƒปๆ—ฉๆœŸไบˆ็ด„ๅ‰ฒๅผ•: 1้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใพใงใฎใ”ไบˆ็ด„ใงๅŸบๆœฌๆ–™้‡‘ใ‹ใ‚‰300ๅ††ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใƒปๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‰ฒๅผ•: ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎๆ–นใฏๅŸบๆœฌๆ–™้‡‘ใ‹ใ‚‰200ๅ††ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
โ€ปๆ—ฉๆœŸไบˆ็ด„ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

<ใŠๆŒใกใซใชใ‚‹็‰ฉ>
็‰นใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใฏใ็‰ฉใชใฉใ‚‚ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใงใŠ่ฒธใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

<็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดใซใคใ„ใฆ>
โ–ถใ”ไบˆ็ด„ๆ™‚ใฎ็”ณใ—่พผใฟ
1,200ๅ††ใฎ็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดๆ–™้‡‘ใงใ€่ฟ”ๅดๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ฟŒๆ—ฅใฎๆญฃๅˆใพใงใซๅปถ้•ทใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

โ–ถใ”ๆฅๅบ—ๆ™‚ใฎ็”ณใ—่พผใฟใ€ใพใŸใฏใŠๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ๅพŒใฎๅค‰ๆ›ด
็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ1,500ๅ††ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
ใŠๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ๅพŒใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸๆ—ฅใฎๆœ€็ต‚่ฟ”ๅดๆ™‚้–“ใพใงใซๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸๅบ—ใซใŠ้›ป่ฉฑใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดๆ–™้‡‘ใฏใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซใŠๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
โ€ป่ฟ”ๅดใŒ็ฟŒๆ—ฅใฎๆญฃๅˆใ‚’้ŽใŽใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘1,000ๅ††ใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใฏใ€1ๆ—ฅ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ”ใจใซ3,000ๅ††ใ‚’่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

<ๅ„ๅบ—ใฎๅ–ถๆฅญ ่ฟ”ๅดๆ™‚้–“>

ๅฑฑๆž—ๅบ—ใ€ๅคๅฏบๅบ— 9ๆ™‚ 18ๆ™‚30ๅˆ†
ๆฃฎๅณถๅบ— 9ๆ™‚ 18ๆ™‚

โ€ป้›ป่ฉฑ็•ชๅทใชใฉใ€ ่ฉณ็ดฐใฏใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธๅ†…ใฎๅ„ๅบ—ใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
This document is an 'information guide' (ใ”ๆกˆๅ†…) for 'Hanakawa Kimono Rental' (<u>็€็‰ฉใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซ ใฏใชใ‹ใ‚</u>) in Mizumori City. It outlines the rental process: 1) Reserve by phone at one of three stores (ๅฑฑๆž—ๅบ—, ๅคๅฏบๅบ—, ๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—). 2) Visit on the reserved date, change into a kimono (assistance available). 3) Pay and enjoy sightseeing. 4) Return the kimono to the rented store by the 'final return time' (ๆœ€็ต‚่ฟ”ๅดๆ™‚้–“) on the same day (next-day return is also possible). The basic fee is 3,500 yen. Discounts include 'early booking' (ๆ—ฉๆœŸไบˆ็ด„ๅ‰ฒๅผ•) (300 yen off for booking 1 week in advance) and 'student discount' (ๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‰ฒๅผ•) (200 yen off), but only one discount can be used. Next-day return costs 1,200 yen if requested at reservation, or 1,500 yen if requested at visit or after leaving the store (must call by final return time). Late returns after noon the next day incur additional fees.
Question 70

70) ๅคงๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎใƒชใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€2้€ฑ้–“ๅพŒใฎๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅฑฑๆž—ๅบ—ใง็€็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚็€็‰ฉใฏๅฝ“ๆ—ฅไธญใซ่ฟ”ๅดใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใ ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) 3500ๅ††
2.2) 3500ๅ††ใ‹ใ‚‰200ๅ††ใŒๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้‡‘้ก
3.3) 3500ๅ††ใ‹ใ‚‰300ๅ††ใŒๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้‡‘้ก Correct
4.4) 3500ๅ††ใ‹ใ‚‰200ๅ††ใจ300ๅ††ใŒๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้‡‘้ก
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 3500ๅ††ใ‹ใ‚‰300ๅ††ใŒๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้‡‘้ก
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Lin is a university student (ๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‰ฒๅผ•: 200 yen discount) and is booking 2 weeks in advance (ๆ—ฉๆœŸไบˆ็ด„ๅ‰ฒๅผ•: 300 yen discount). The rule states: 'โ€ปๆ—ฉๆœŸไบˆ็ด„ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚' (If you use the early booking discount, you cannot use the student discount.) Therefore, only the 300 yen early booking discount applies. Basic fee: 3500 yen - 300 yen = 3200 yen. Option 3 is correct.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 3500ๅ††

Lin is eligible for a discount.

2) 3500ๅ††ใ‹ใ‚‰200ๅ††ใŒๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้‡‘้ก

Lin is eligible for the early booking discount, which is larger and takes precedence over the student discount.

4) 3500ๅ††ใ‹ใ‚‰200ๅ††ใจ300ๅ††ใŒๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้‡‘้ก

The rules explicitly state that both discounts cannot be combined; if early booking discount is used, student discount is not applicable.

Question 71

71) ใƒญใƒผใ‚ถใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใง็€็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅไธญใซ่ฟ”ๅดใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใ ใฃใŸใŒใ€ๅบ—ใ‚’ๅ‡บใŸใ‚ใจใง็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใใชใฃใŸใ€‚ไปŠใฏ14ๆ™‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅ‰ไธญใซ่ฟ”ๅดใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ 1200ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚
2.2) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ1500ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ1500ๅ††ใจ1000ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚
4.4) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚30ๅˆ†ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ1500ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ1500ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Rosa rented today and wants to change to next-day return *after leaving the store*. The rule for 'ใ”ๆฅๅบ—ๆ™‚ใฎ็”ณใ—่พผใฟใ€ใพใŸใฏใŠๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ๅพŒใฎๅค‰ๆ›ด' (Application at time of visit, or change after going out) states: '็ฟŒๆ—ฅ่ฟ”ๅดๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ1,500ๅ††ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚' (Next-day return fee will be 1,500 yen). It also says: 'ใŠๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ๅพŒใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸๆ—ฅใฎๆœ€็ต‚่ฟ”ๅดๆ™‚้–“ใพใงใซๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸๅบ—ใซใŠ้›ป่ฉฑใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚' (In case of change after going out, please call the store you rented from by the final return time on the rental day). For ๆฃฎๅณถๅบ— (Morishima store), the final return time is 18:00. So, she needs to call by 18:00 today and pay 1500 yen upon return tomorrow morning. Option 2 matches this.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ 1200ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚

The fee for changing after leaving the store is 1500 yen, not 1200 yen (which is for booking at the time of reservation).

3) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ1500ๅ††ใจ1000ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚

There is no additional 1000 yen fee unless the return is *after* noon the next day. She plans to return in the morning.

4) ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ18ๆ™‚30ๅˆ†ใพใงใซๆฃฎๅณถๅบ—ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ”ๅดใฎ้š›ใซ1500ๅ††ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€‚

The final return time for ๆฃฎๅณถๅบ— is 18:00, not 18:30 (which is for ๅฑฑๆž—ๅบ— and ๅคๅฏบๅบ—).