JLPT N2 Reading Comprehension Test

N22024/DecemberGrammar & Reading
Q20 Questions
T~40 minutes
S5 Sections

ๅ•้กŒ 10 ๆฌกใฎ(1) ใ‹ใ‚‰ (5)ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€ 1 1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(1)
ไปฅไธ‹ใฏใ€ๅฐ†ๆฃ‹ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจใ—้€ฒใ‚ใฆใ„ใใ†ใˆใงใ€ใใฎๅœŸๅฐใจใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใงใ‚‚ไผ็”ปๅŠ›ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ„ใใ‚‰ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ไผ็”ปๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅƒใ‹ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ้“ๅ…ทใจใชใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆๆ–™ใจใชใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅง‹ใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใ ใ€‚็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใฏใ€้ ญใฎไธญใซ่ฒฏใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ่จ˜ๆ†ถใฎไฝ“้จ“ใŒๅœŸๅฐใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎๆบใฏใ€้ ญใฎไธญใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‹ใ‚‰็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅœŸๅฐใŒใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ้–ƒใใ‚ใ‘ใŒใชใ„ใฎใ ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
This passage, written by a professional shogi player, discusses the foundation for advancing things. The author argues that it's not creativity (ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›: ใใ†ใžใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ) or planning ability (ไผ็”ปๅŠ›: ใใ‹ใใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ), but rather the knowledge (็Ÿฅ่ญ˜: ใกใ—ใ) and information (ๆƒ…ๅ ฑ: ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใปใ†) that serve as tools and materials. Knowledge is based on stored memories (่จ˜ๆ†ถ: ใใŠใ) and experiences. Therefore, the source (ๆบ: ใฟใชใ‚‚ใจ) of creativity and ideas comes from combining memories in one's mind. Without a solid foundation of knowledge, good ideas cannot spark. (Note 1: ๆŽจใ—้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ (ใŠใ—ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹) means 'to promote' or 'to push forward'. Note 2: ๆบ (ใ‚‚ใจ) means 'source'.)
Question 52

52. ็ญ†่€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใ†ใพใ้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚‚ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้›†ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ไผ็”ปๅŠ›ใŒ็™บๆฎใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
4.4) ใฉใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใงใ‚‚่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใŠใ‘ใฐใ€ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎๅœŸๅฐใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚‚ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states that 'ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎๆบใฏใ€้ ญใฎไธญใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‹ใ‚‰็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅœŸๅฐใŒใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ้–ƒใใ‚ใ‘ใŒใชใ„ใฎใ ' (The source of creativity and ideas comes from the combination of memories in one's mind, and if that foundation is not solid, good ideas will not spark). This directly supports option 2, which says good ideas are born from stored knowledge and information.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใ†ใพใ้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage emphasizes the *content* of memory (knowledge and information) as the foundation, not merely the *ability* to memorize (่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›: ใใŠใใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ). While memory ability is related, the core argument is about the quality and combination of stored knowledge.

3) ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้›†ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ไผ็”ปๅŠ›ใŒ็™บๆฎใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage states that 'ใ„ใใ‚‰ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ไผ็”ปๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅƒใ‹ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ้“ๅ…ทใจใชใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆๆ–™ใจใชใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅง‹ใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใ ' (No matter how much you try to use creativity or planning ability, nothing will start without knowledge as tools and information as materials). It implies that knowledge and information are *necessary* but not *sufficient* on their own to 'exhibit' creativity and planning ability; they are the *foundation* for ideas to be born from their combination.

4) ใฉใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใงใ‚‚่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใŠใ‘ใฐใ€ๅ‰ต้€ ๅŠ›ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎๅœŸๅฐใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage talks about '็Ÿฅ่ญ˜' (knowledge) and 'ๆƒ…ๅ ฑ' (information) as the foundation, which implies relevant and useful data, not 'anything' (ใฉใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใงใ‚‚). Simply memorizing random things doesn't guarantee a foundation for good ideas.

Question 53

53. ๆ–ฐๅฑ…ใฎ้ตใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ ๆœจๆ‘ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) 3ๆœˆ19ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใซ้’ๅฏบๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
2.2) 3ๆœˆ19ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใซไธญๅคฎ้ง…ๅ‰ๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) 3ๆœˆ20ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅ‰ไธญใซ้’ๅฏบๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
4.4) 3ๆœˆ20ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅ‰ไธญใซไธญๅคฎ้ง…ๅ‰ๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 3ๆœˆ19ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใซไธญๅคฎ้ง…ๅ‰ๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Kimura states, 'ๅ‰ๆ—ฅ19ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใซ้ตใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€่ฒดๅบ—ใฏๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅใŒๅฎšไผ‘ๆ—ฅใงใ—ใŸใ€‚้ตใฎๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šๆ—ฅใŒๅฎšไผ‘ๆ—ฅใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใปใ‹ใฎๆ”ฏๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅธฐใ‚Šใซไธญๅคฎ้ง…ๅ‰ๅบ—ใซๅฏ„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ตใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚' (I wanted to pick up the keys on the afternoon of the 19th, the day before, but when I checked the website, your store was closed on Thursday. Since it said that if the key pickup day is a regular holiday, I can pick it up at another branch, I'd like to stop by the Chuo Ekimae branch on my way home from work, but is it possible to pick up the keys there?). This clearly indicates she is asking about picking up the keys at the Chuo Ekimae branch on the afternoon of March 19th.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 3ๆœˆ19ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใซ้’ๅฏบๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

The email explicitly states that the Aodera branch (่ฒดๅบ—: your store) is closed on Thursday, March 19th (ๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅใŒๅฎšไผ‘ๆ—ฅใงใ—ใŸ), so she cannot pick up the keys there.

3) 3ๆœˆ20ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅ‰ไธญใซ้’ๅฏบๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

Her original plan was to pick up the keys on the morning of March 20th at the Aodera branch, but her luggage arrives at 10 AM, making it difficult. She is looking for an alternative, not confirming the original plan.

4) 3ๆœˆ20ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅ‰ไธญใซไธญๅคฎ้ง…ๅ‰ๅบ—ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

She wants to pick up the keys on the 19th, the day before her move, not on the 20th. Also, her original plan for the 20th was at the Aodera branch, not Chuo Ekimae.

Question 54

54. ็พŽ่ก“ไฝœๅ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงไบ‹ใ ใ€‚ Correct
2.2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใช่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ในใใ ใ€‚
3.3) ใ‚ˆใ„ไฝœๅ“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใในใใ ใ€‚
4.4) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใŒ่ชใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ๅคงไบ‹ใซใ™ในใใ ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงไบ‹ใ ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, 'ใใ‚Œใพใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ชใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒๅบƒใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฑบใ—ใฆใƒ–ใƒฌใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพ ใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚' (Acknowledging what you couldn't acknowledge before expands your possibilities. It is by no means a wavering. Being flexible with your own changes is important). This directly supports option 1, emphasizing the importance of accepting changes in one's own perspective.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใช่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ในใใ ใ€‚

While the passage mentions expanding possibilities, it focuses on accepting *one's own* changing perspective ('่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–'), not necessarily trying 'various ways of seeing' (ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใช่ฆ‹ๆ–น) from the outset.

3) ใ‚ˆใ„ไฝœๅ“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใในใใ ใ€‚

The passage discusses how one's perspective *changes* when encountering a work, but it doesn't explicitly state that one *should* change their view through 'good works' (ใ‚ˆใ„ไฝœๅ“). The focus is on the internal process of accepting change, regardless of the work's perceived quality.

4) ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใŒ่ชใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ๅคงไบ‹ใซใ™ในใใ ใ€‚

The passage is about one's *personal* change in perspective and accepting it, not about valuing one's view even if others don't recognize it. The concept of 'other people's recognition' is not discussed.

Question 55

55. ็คพๅ“กใŒๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใƒŸใ‚นใŒ่ตทใใŸๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่ชฟใน็›ดใ™ใ“ใจ
2.2) ๆœ€็ต‚็ขบ่ชใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใ“ใจ
3.3) ไปŠใพใงใฎๆœ€็ต‚็ขบ่ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ™ใ“ใจ
4.4) ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€็ต‚็ขบ่ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€็ต‚็ขบ่ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The document states, 'ๆœ€็ต‚็ขบ่ชใงใฏใ€ๅ€‰ๅบซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸไบบใจใฏๅˆฅใฎไบบใŒใ€ๆณจๆ–‡ๆ›ธใจๅ•†ๅ“ใฎๅ†…ๅฎน ๅ€‹ๆ•ฐใซ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใชใ„ใ‹็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฉใ‚“ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใƒŸใ‚นใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ขบ่ชใ‚’ๅพนๅบ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚' (For final confirmation, a person different from the one who retrieved the product from the warehouse is supposed to check for errors in the order form and product contents/quantity. Please thoroughly confirm so that no mistakes occur in any situation). This indicates that employees are required to strictly follow the *already established* final confirmation method.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ใƒŸใ‚นใŒ่ตทใใŸๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่ชฟใน็›ดใ™ใ“ใจ

The document states that the cause of the mistake has already been investigated ('ๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚'), so re-investigating is not what is being requested of all employees.

2) ๆœ€็ต‚็ขบ่ชใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใ“ใจ

The document specifies that 'ๅ€‰ๅบซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸไบบใจใฏๅˆฅใฎไบบใŒ' (a person different from the one who retrieved the product) should perform the check, implying a specific procedure, not an increase in the number of people involved in the final check.

3) ไปŠใพใงใฎๆœ€็ต‚็ขบ่ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ™ใ“ใจ

The document does not suggest reviewing or changing the existing method. Instead, it emphasizes '็ขบ่ชใ‚’ๅพนๅบ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„' (please thoroughly confirm), meaning to adhere to the current method more strictly.

Question 56

56. ่ฆชๅญใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ ็ญ†่€…ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใˆใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใฎ็†่งฃใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
2.2) ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใˆใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใŒๆฐ—ใฅใใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
3.3) ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ไธ€ๅฎšใฎ่ท้›ขใ‚’ไฟใคใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใ€‚
4.4) ่บซ่ฟ‘ใชๅญ˜ๅœจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ ใ„ใคใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใˆใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใฎ็†่งฃใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author states, 'ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใˆใชใ„ใ€ ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎไธ€ๆญฉใชใฎ ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚' (Rather, I think realizing 'we can't understand each other' is the first step towards trying to understand the other person). This directly supports option 1.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใˆใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใŒๆฐ—ใฅใใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚

The author explicitly states that they 'ๆ‚ŸใฃใŸ' (realized) they couldn't understand their mother, implying that such a realization is possible and even beneficial, not difficult. (Note 1: ๆ‚Ÿใ‚‹ (ใ•ใจใ‚‹) means 'to notice' or 'to realize'.)

3) ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ไธ€ๅฎšใฎ่ท้›ขใ‚’ไฟใคใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใ ใ€‚

The author mentions that 'ใ‚ใ‚‹ไธ€ๅฎšใฎ่ท้›ขใŒใงใใŸใ“ใจใฏๅฆใ‚ใชใ„' (it's undeniable that a certain distance was created) when they realized they couldn't understand each other, but this distance is a *result* of the realization, not a *method* for understanding. The passage doesn't suggest maintaining distance as a way to understand. (Note 2: ๅฆใ‚ใชใ„ (ใ„ใชใ‚ใชใ„) means 'cannot deny'.)

4) ่บซ่ฟ‘ใชๅญ˜ๅœจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ ใ„ใคใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šๅˆใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚

The passage begins by saying that parent-child relationships are 'ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚่บซ่ฟ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚ŠใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใจใใซใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚้ ใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ๅญ˜ๅœจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„' (while being the closest, they might sometimes become the most distant), and the core argument is that understanding begins from the *realization of not being able to fully understand*, contradicting the idea that they will 'someday understand each other' just because they are close.

ๅ•้กŒ 11 ๆฌกใฎ(1) ใ‹ใ‚‰ (3) ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

(1)
ๆ–ฐๅนดๅบฆใŒๅง‹ใพใฃใŸใ€‚้€ฒ็ดšใ‚„้€ฒๅญฆใ€่ปขๅ‹คใ‚„ใใ‚Œใซไผดใ†่ปขๅฑ…ใชใฉๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฎๅคšใ„ๅญฃ็ฏ€ใ ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ ๅญฆๆ กใซ้€ฒๅญฆใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ทๅ ดใ‚’ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็’ฐๅขƒใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใไบบใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็’ฐๅขƒใงใฏ็ทŠๅผตใ‚„ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚ไบบ่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŒๅผทใ„ๆ€งๆ ผใ ใจใ€ใ“ใ†ใ—ใŸๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒ ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใ ใ€‚็งใ‚‚ใใฎไธ€ไบบใ ใŒใ€ ใฉใ‚“ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ‚‚้€šใ‚Šๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’็™บๆฎใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใพใ—ใใ‚‚ๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ€…ใชใ“ใจใงๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒๆบใ‚Œๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๅนณๅธธๅฟƒใง่กŒๅ‹•ใงใใ‚Œใฐใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚

ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็’ฐๅขƒใงไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใชใ„็’ฐๅขƒใงใ€ไฝ•ใฎไธๅฎ‰ใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใšใซใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใฏใ€ๆ€ใ„ใŒใ‘ใชใ„ๅคฑๆ•—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏๆƒณๅฎšใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ไบบ็”Ÿใ€ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใ ใ€‚

ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใ€ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆๆ…Ž้‡ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸๆ–นใŒๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€่‰ฏใใชใ„ไบ‹ๆ…‹ใซๅ‚™ใˆใฆๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚็ทŠๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ๆ…Ž้‡ใซๅ•้กŒใซๅฏพๅฟœใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใŸใจใใฎๅฏพๅฟœๆณ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒŸใƒฅใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚

ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ๅฎ‰ๅ…จๅผใฎๅƒใใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใจใใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใ“ใ‚ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ“ใ‚Œ่€ƒใˆใ™ใŽใšใซไปŠ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใงใ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

(2)
ใ€Œใ„ใฌใ€ใฏไบบ้–“ใฎๅฎถ็•œใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พคใ‚Œใงๆšฎใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบ้–“ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใจใ‚‚ใชใ‚Œใฐ้›†ๅ›ฃ็”ŸๆดปใฎๆŽŸใใฎใพใพใซใ€้ฃผใ„ไธปใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ‚„ไธŠไฝใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฟใชใ—ใ€ๆ—ฅ้ ƒ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœๅพ“ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€้ฃผใ„ไธปใฎใใฎๆ—ฅใฎ้ก”่‰ฒใ‚’็ชบใ†ใชใฉใ€ๅฎถๅบญๅ†…ใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’่ชญใฟใจใ‚ŠใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใตใ‚‹ใพใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚้•ทใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็พคใ‚Œใง็”Ÿๆดปใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฏใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆŠŠๆกใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ€็พคใ‚Œ็คพไผšใฎใชใ‹ใง็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใใซใฏๅฟ… ่ฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ไบบ้–“ใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใฌใฎใใ‚‚ใกใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฏใงใใช ใใจใ‚‚ใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใชใซใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ“ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ„ใฌใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆšฎใ™ใ“ใจใฎใฒใจใคใฎ้ญ…ๅŠ›ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ€Œใญใ“ใ€ใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใŒๅ˜็‹ฌใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ๅฎถใฎไธญใงไบบ้–“ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆšฎใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ”่ชฟๆ€งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธญใงใฎ่‡ช ๅˆ†ใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ„ใฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้ฃผใ„ไธปใ‚’ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใจใฟใชใ—ใฆๆœๅพ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใญใ“ใŒใ„ใฃใŸใ„้ฃผใ„ไธปใงใ‚ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใ†ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใ‹ใ€้ฃผใ„ไธปใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ่ชฐใ—ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไบบ้–“ใฎๆŒใคๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎๅฐบๅบฆใงใฏใ€ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใŒใŸใ„ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใญใ“ใฏใใ‚‚ใใ‚‚้›†ๅ›ฃ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ๅ€‹ใ‚’้‡่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅญค็‹ฌใช็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใŒใ€ ใญใ“ใฎๅคงใใช้ญ…ๅŠ›ใฎใฒใจใคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบบ้–“ใŒใ€ใญใ“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆšฎใ—ใŸใŒใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฎใฒใจใคใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

(3)
ไฝœๅฎถใŒๅฐ่ชฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใฏใ€้ ญใฎไธญใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใŒ ใ€Œ็ตตใ€ ใ‚„ ใ€Œๆ˜ ๅƒใ€ใจใ—ใฆๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’่จ€่ชžๅŒ–ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใจใ„ใ†่จ˜ๅทใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชญ่€…ใฏไฝœๅฎถใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’่ชญใฟใ€้ ญใฎไธญใงๆƒณๅƒใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆ˜ ๅƒๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ“ใงๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็งปๅ…ฅใŒ่ตทใใฆใ€ ็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๆถ™ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

ๅฐ่ชฌใŒใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ปใƒฉใƒผใจใชใ‚Šๆ˜ ็”ปๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ“ใฎ้…ๅฝนใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ ใ€Œใใฎใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใฏ้•ใ†ใ€ ใจใ„ใฃใŸๅฃฐใŒใ‚ˆใไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜ ็”ปใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ็›ฃ็ฃใŒๅŽŸไฝœ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่†จใ‚‰ใพใ›ใ€ๆ˜ ๅƒๅŒ–ใ—ใŸไฝœๅ“ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŽŸไฝœใฎๅฐ่ชฌใฏ่ชญ่€…ไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใŒไฝœๅฎถใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่จ˜ๅท(ๆ–‡ๅญ—)ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ช็”ฑใซใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎๅ“ฒๅญฆ่€…ใƒญใƒฉใƒณใƒปใƒใƒซใƒˆใฏใ“ใฎ็พ่ฑกใ‚’ใ€Œไฝœ่€…ใฎๆญปใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

ใ€Œ็‰ฉ่ชžใฏไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณ้€šใ‚Šใซ่ชญใพใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚่ชญ่€…ใŒๅฅฝใใช่ชญใฟๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ€
ใ€Œไฝœ่€…ใฏไฝœๅ“ใ‚’ๆ”ฏ้…ใงใใšใ€่ชญ่€…ใซ่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’ไปปใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€

ใƒญใƒฉใƒณใƒปใƒใƒซใƒˆใฏใใ†ไธปๅผตใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏไฝœๅ“ใฎ่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’ไฝœ่€…ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŒใกใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†็™บๆƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏใชใใ€ไฝœๅ“ใฎ่งฃ้‡ˆใฏ่ชญ่€…ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชญ่€…ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒ้ ญใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใๅ‹ๆ‰‹ใซๆ˜ ๅƒๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
This passage discusses how the new academic year brings many changes, leading to tension (็ทŠๅผต: ใใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†) and anxiety (ไธๅฎ‰: ใตใ‚ใ‚“) in new environments. The author, who is shy (ไบบ่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Š: ใฒใจใฟใ—ใ‚Š - feeling nervous with new people), finds these changes difficult. However, the author argues that *not* feeling anxiety in a new environment is not necessarily a good thing, as it can lead to unexpected failures (ๆ€ใ„ใŒใ‘ใชใ„ๅคฑๆ•—: ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใŒใ‘ใชใ„ใ—ใฃใฑใ„). This is because unforeseen things (ๆƒณๅฎšใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจ: ใใ†ใฆใ„ใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจ - unimaginable things) might occur. It's safer to act cautiously, considering potential negative outcomes. Anxiety and tension act as a 'safety valve' (ๅฎ‰ๅ…จๅผ: ใ‚ใ‚“ใœใ‚“ในใ‚“ - safety device), prompting us to prepare for bad situations, concentrate, and respond carefully. The author advises trusting one's ability to feel these emotions and focusing on what can be done without overthinking. (Note 2: ๆƒณๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ (ใใ†ใฆใ„ใ™ใ‚‹) means 'to imagine'. Note 3: ใ‚ทใƒŸใƒฅใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ (ใ—ใฟใ‚…ใ‚Œใƒผใ—ใ‚‡ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹) means 'to imagine'.) This passage compares dogs and cats. Dogs (ใ„ใฌ: ใ„ใฌ), originally pack animals (็พคใ‚Œใงๆšฎใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ‹•็‰ฉ: ใ‚€ใ‚Œใงใใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฉใ†ใถใค), treat their owners as leaders and show obedience (ๆœๅพ“ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆ: ใตใใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใฎใŸใ„ใฉ - submissive attitude). They are skilled (้•ทใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹: ใŸใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - excellent at) at adapting to the household atmosphere by understanding (ๆŠŠๆกใ™ใ‚‹: ใฏใ‚ใใ™ใ‚‹ - understanding) situations. This is because living in a pack requires understanding each other's situations. Humans find it easy to understand 'dog feelings,' which is part of their appeal. Cats (ใญใ“: ใญใ“), however, were originally solitary animals (ๅ˜็‹ฌใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ‹•็‰ฉ: ใŸใ‚“ใฉใใงใ“ใ†ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฉใ†ใถใค). Even when living with humans, they lack cooperativeness (ๅ”่ชฟๆ€ง: ใใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„) and don't regard (ใฟใชใ™: ใฟใชใ™ - to consider) owners as leaders. The author believes it's difficult to fully understand cats' feelings because they are solitary creatures that prioritize individuality. This very incomprehensibility (็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚: ใ‚Šใ‹ใ„ใงใใชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚) is a major charm of cats and a reason why people want to live with them. (Note 1: ๅฎถ็•œ (ใ‹ใกใ) means 'domesticated animal'. Note 2: ๆŽŸ (ใŠใใฆ) means 'rule'. Note 3: ใฟใชใ™ (ใฟใชใ™) means 'to consider'. Note 4: ๆœๅพ“ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆ (ใตใใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใฎใŸใ„ใฉ) means 'submissive attitude'. Note 5: ใตใ‚‹ใพใ† (ใตใ‚‹ใพใ†) means 'to act'. Note 6: ้•ทใ‘ใ‚‹ (ใŸใ‘ใ‚‹) means 'to be excellent at'. Note 7: ๆŠŠๆกใ™ใ‚‹ (ใฏใ‚ใใ™ใ‚‹) means 'to understand'.) This passage discusses how authors write novels and how readers interpret them. When authors write, scenes appear as 'pictures' or 'images' in their minds, which they then convert into language and text. Readers, in turn, read the text and visualize the scenes, leading to emotional involvement (ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็งปๅ…ฅ: ใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ„ใซใ‚…ใ† - becoming one with the character's feelings). It's 'natural' (ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™: ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใพใˆใฎใ“ใจใงใ™) for people to complain about casting (้…ๅฝน: ใฏใ„ใ‚„ใ - the actor playing this role doesn't fit) or scenes when a bestseller (ใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ปใƒฉใƒผ: ในใ™ใจใ›ใ‚‰ใƒผ) is adapted into a movie, because a movie is the director's own visualization. The original novel allows each reader to freely imagine scenes from the author's text. French philosopher Roland Barthes called this 'the death of the author,' arguing that stories don't need to be read according to the author's intent; readers can interpret them freely. The author concludes that we tend to seek the author's interpretation, but instead, readers should feel free to interpret and visualize the work as they please. (Note 1: ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็งปๅ…ฅ (ใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ„ใซใ‚…ใ†) means 'becoming one with the character's feelings'. Note 2: ใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ปใƒฉใƒผ (ในใ™ใจใ›ใ‚‰ใƒผ) means 'bestselling book'. Note 3: ใ“ใฎ้…ๅฝนใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ (ใ“ใฎใฏใ„ใ‚„ใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„) means 'the actor playing this role doesn't fit'.)
Question 57

57. <u>ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„</u>ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใชใœใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไบˆๆƒณใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใ†ใพใๅฏพๅฟœใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ Correct
2.2) ใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅคฑๆ•—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
3.3) ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซๆŠผใ—ใคใ‘ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰
4.4) ใ„ใคใพใงใ‚‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็’ฐๅขƒใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ไบˆๆƒณใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใ†ใพใๅฏพๅฟœใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, 'ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใชใ„็’ฐๅขƒใงใ€ไฝ•ใฎไธๅฎ‰ใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใšใซใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใฏใ€ๆ€ใ„ใŒใ‘ใชใ„ๅคฑๆ•—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏๆƒณๅฎšใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚' (If one acts the same way as before without feeling any anxiety in an unfamiliar environment, there's a possibility of unexpected failures. Things that couldn't be imagined from past experiences might occur). This means that without anxiety, one might not be prepared for or able to handle unforeseen circumstances.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅคฑๆ•—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage mentions 'ๆ€ใ„ใŒใ‘ใชใ„ๅคฑๆ•—' (unexpected failures) and 'ๆƒณๅฎšใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจ' (unimaginable things), implying new types of failures, not necessarily repeating the 'same failures as before' (ใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅคฑๆ•—).

3) ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซๆŠผใ—ใคใ‘ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage does not discuss imposing one's past methods on others. The focus is on personal preparedness and caution in a new environment.

4) ใ„ใคใพใงใ‚‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็’ฐๅขƒใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage argues that anxiety helps one adapt and respond carefully, implying it aids in navigating new environments, not prevents one from getting used to them.

Question 58

58. ็ญ†่€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅนณๅธธๅฟƒใงไปŠใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ€‚
2.2) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆๆฌกใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใซ็”Ÿใ‹ใ—ใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
3.3) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใฆ่ฟทใ‚ใš่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚้€šใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใฆ่ฟทใ‚ใš่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage concludes with, 'ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ๅฎ‰ๅ…จๅผใฎๅƒใใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใจใใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใ“ใ‚ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ“ใ‚Œ่€ƒใˆใ™ใŽใšใซไปŠ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใงใ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚' (Anxiety and tension act as a safety valve to protect oneself. When you feel anxiety or tension, please trust the power of your own mind that can feel such emotions, and focus on what you can do now without overthinking). This means valuing these feelings as a protective mechanism and acting based on them, rather than trying to suppress them or overanalyze their cause.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅนณๅธธๅฟƒใงไปŠใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ€‚

The passage explicitly states that 'ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„' (not feeling anxiety is not necessarily a good thing), contradicting the idea of trying not to feel it.

2) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆๆฌกใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใซ็”Ÿใ‹ใ—ใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚

While the passage mentions preparing for bad situations, it doesn't advise analyzing the *cause* of the anxiety. It suggests trusting the feeling itself and focusing on immediate actions ('ไปŠ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญ').

4) ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚้€šใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚

The passage warns against acting 'ใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่กŒๅ‹•' (the same way as before) when feeling no anxiety, implying that one *should* pay attention to these feelings and adjust their behavior accordingly, not ignore them.

Question 59

59. ใ„ใฌใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๆ‰€ๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹้›†ๅ›ฃใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใจใ—ใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ‚„ไธŠไฝใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎๅˆฉ็›ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ๅญค็‹ฌใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€้›†ๅ›ฃใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ใ€‚
4.4) ้›†ๅ›ฃ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ้›†ๅ›ฃ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, '็พคใ‚Œใง็”Ÿๆดปใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฏใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆŠŠๆกใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ€็พคใ‚Œ็คพไผšใฎใชใ‹ใง็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใใซใฏๅฟ… ่ฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚' (For animals that live in packs, it is necessary to grasp each other's situations and act accordingly to survive in pack society). This directly supports option 4, indicating that dogs, as pack animals, can adapt their behavior to their surroundings.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๆ‰€ๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹้›†ๅ›ฃใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใจใ—ใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage states that dogs '้ฃผใ„ไธปใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ‚„ไธŠไฝใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฟใชใ—ใ€ๆ—ฅ้ ƒ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœๅพ“ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™' (regard their owners as leaders or superiors and show obedience), meaning they act as followers, not as leaders themselves.

2) ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ‚„ไธŠไฝใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎๅˆฉ็›ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚

While dogs show obedience to leaders, the passage doesn't explicitly state they act for the *benefit* of the leader, but rather adapt their behavior within the group structure.

3) ๅญค็‹ฌใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€้›†ๅ›ฃใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ใ€‚

The passage states dogs '็พคใ‚Œใงๆšฎใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™' (are animals that lived in packs), implying they are accustomed to group living, but it doesn't mention their comfort or discomfort with solitude.

Question 60

60. ็ญ†่€…ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใญใ“ใ‚’้ฃผใ†ไบบใฏใ€ ใญใ“ใฎใฉใ‚“ใช็‚นใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ไบบ้–“ใซใฏๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใ“ใจ Correct
2.2) ไบบ้–“ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจ
3.3) ้›†ๅ›ฃ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ๅซŒใ„ใ€ๅ”่ชฟๆ€งใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจ
4.4) ๅญค็‹ฌใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใ€ไบบ้–“ใซๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’็คบใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจ
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ไบบ้–“ใซใฏๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, 'ใ“ใฎ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใŒใ€ ใญใ“ใฎๅคงใใช้ญ…ๅŠ›ใฎใฒใจใคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบบ้–“ใŒใ€ใญใ“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆšฎใ—ใŸใŒใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฎใฒใจใคใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚' (This incomprehensible aspect is one of the great charms of cats, and perhaps one of the reasons why humans want to live with them). '็†่งฃใงใใชใ„' (cannot understand) refers to their feelings, directly supporting option 1.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ไบบ้–“ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจ

The passage states that cats are difficult for *humans* to understand ('ไบบ้–“ใซใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใŒใŸใ„ๅ‹•็‰ฉ'), not that cats cannot understand human feelings. The charm lies in the mystery of the cat's own feelings.

3) ้›†ๅ›ฃ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ๅซŒใ„ใ€ๅ”่ชฟๆ€งใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจ

While the passage mentions cats 'ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใŒๅ˜็‹ฌใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ‹•็‰ฉ' (originally acted alone) and 'ๅ”่ชฟๆ€งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“' (lack cooperativeness), it doesn't explicitly state that these specific traits are what cat owners find appealing. The appeal is the mystery of their nature, which stems from these traits.

4) ๅญค็‹ฌใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใ€ไบบ้–“ใซๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’็คบใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจ

The passage states cats 'ๅ€‹ใ‚’้‡่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅญค็‹ฌใช็”Ÿใ็‰ฉ' (solitary creatures that prioritize individuality), but it doesn't say they 'don't show affection to humans.' The charm is in their independent nature and the mystery of their feelings, not a lack of affection.

Question 61

61. <u>ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™</u>ใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใชใœใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ็›ฃ็ฃใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ชญ่€…ใฎใปใ†ใŒใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่†จใ‚‰ใพใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
2.2) ่ชญ่€…ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ฃ็ฃใฎใปใ†ใŒใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซๅŽŸไฝœใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
3.3) ้ ญใฎไธญใฎใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๆ˜ ๅƒๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
4.4) ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅŽŸไฝœใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงๅพ—ใŸใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅŽŸไฝœใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงๅพ—ใŸใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage explains that 'ๅŽŸไฝœใฎๅฐ่ชฌใฏ่ชญ่€…ไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใŒไฝœๅฎถใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่จ˜ๅท(ๆ–‡ๅญ—)ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ช็”ฑใซใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚' (The original novel allows each reader to receive the symbols (text) from the author and freely imagine the scenes). Because each reader forms their own unique image, it's natural that a movie adaptation, which is the director's specific visualization, will differ from individual reader's expectations.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ็›ฃ็ฃใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ชญ่€…ใฎใปใ†ใŒใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่†จใ‚‰ใพใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage states that both readers and directors 'ใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่†จใ‚‰ใพใ›' (expand their image), but it doesn't compare who does it more or with more emotion. The key is the *difference* in those expanded images.

2) ่ชญ่€…ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ฃ็ฃใฎใปใ†ใŒใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซๅŽŸไฝœใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰

The passage implies that the director creates their *own* image, not necessarily a more 'accurate' understanding of the original work. In fact, the author later advocates for readers to interpret freely, moving away from the idea of a single 'correct' interpretation.

3) ้ ญใฎไธญใฎใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๆ˜ ๅƒๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰

While it's true that accurately visualizing an internal image is difficult, the passage's main point for why complaints are 'natural' is the *diversity* of reader interpretations, not the technical difficulty of visualization itself.

Question 62

62. ๅฐ่ชฌใฎ่ชญใฟๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹

1.1) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๅงฟๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่‡ช็”ฑใซ่งฃ้‡ˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ„ใ€‚
2.2) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชใฎใงใ€ๅฅฝใใชใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชญใ‚ใฐใ„ใ„ใ€‚
3.3) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใซ็ธ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใšใซใ€ ไฝœๅ“ใฎ่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’่กŒใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€่ชญใ‚“ใ ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใซ็ธ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใšใซใ€ ไฝœๅ“ใฎ่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’่กŒใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The author quotes Roland Barthes: '็‰ฉ่ชžใฏไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณ้€šใ‚Šใซ่ชญใพใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚่ชญ่€…ใŒๅฅฝใใช่ชญใฟๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„' (Stories don't need to be read according to the author's intent. Readers can read them as they like and interpret them individually). The author then concludes, 'ใใ†ใงใฏใชใใ€ไฝœๅ“ใฎ่งฃ้‡ˆใฏ่ชญ่€…ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชญ่€…ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒ้ ญใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใๅ‹ๆ‰‹ใซๆ˜ ๅƒๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚' (No, the interpretation of the work is fine for each reader. Each reader can freely visualize it in their mind as they please). This strongly supports interpreting without being bound by the author's intent.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๅงฟๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่‡ช็”ฑใซ่งฃ้‡ˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ„ใ€‚

The passage explicitly states, '็งใŸใกใฏไฝœๅ“ใฎ่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’ไฝœ่€…ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŒใกใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†็™บๆƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏใชใใ€ไฝœๅ“ใฎ่งฃ้‡ˆใฏ่ชญ่€…ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใ€‚' (We tend to seek the author's interpretation. This is the idea of trying to accurately read the author's intent. No, the interpretation of the work is fine for each reader). This contradicts the idea of needing to try to read the author's intent.

2) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชใฎใงใ€ๅฅฝใใชใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชญใ‚ใฐใ„ใ„ใ€‚

While the author advocates for free interpretation, the passage doesn't state that reading the author's intent is 'impossible' (ไธๅฏ่ƒฝ). It simply argues that it's not necessary or the primary goal.

4) ไฝœ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€่ชญใ‚“ใ ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚

This contradicts the main point of the passage, which is to free readers from the author's intent and allow for individual interpretation and visualization.

Question 63

63. ็ญ†่€…ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ“ฒๅญฆใฎๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชๅ•ใ„ใจใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅญฆๅ•ๅˆ†้‡Žใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใซใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ในใๅ•ใ„
2.2) ็คพไผšใฎใชใ‹ใงใฎ็†ๆƒณ็š„ใชๆ„›ใฎๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅ•ใ„
3.3) ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใงใฏใชใใ€็คพไผšๅ…จไฝ“ใฎๅˆฉ็›ŠใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹ๅ•ใ„
4.4) ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไบ‹ๆŸ„ใฎๅŸบ็คŽใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ•ใ„ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไบ‹ๆŸ„ใฎๅŸบ็คŽใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ•ใ„
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, 'ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ•ใ„ใฏใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ•™็ง‘ใ‚„ๅญฆๅ•ๅˆ†้‡Žใฎๆ นๅบ•ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ•้กŒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŠใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚' (You will understand that these questions are problems related to the foundation of multiple subjects and academic fields). It also gives examples like 'ๆ„›ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹' (What is love) which expands to '็คพไผšใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใฟใ‚“ใชใฎๅ•้กŒใจใชใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™' (should become everyone's problem in society). Later, regarding gene therapy, it says, 'ใ“ใ†ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€็คพไผšใฎใ ใ‚Œใซใงใ‚‚้–ขใ‚ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ๅŒปๅญฆใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใ ใ‘ใซๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚’ไปปใ›ใฆใ‚ˆใ„ๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚' (These matters concern everyone in society, so they are not problems that should be left solely to medical experts). This collectively points to questions that are fundamental and universally relevant. (Note 1: ๆญฃ็พฉ (ใ›ใ„ใŽ) means 'justice'. Note 2: ่ช่ญ˜ (ใซใ‚“ใ—ใ) means 'understanding'. Note 3: ๆ นๅบ• (ใ“ใ‚“ใฆใ„) means 'foundation'. Note 4: ้šฃไบบๆ„› (ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใ‚ใ„) means 'love for one's neighbor'. Note 5: ๆ”ฟ็ญ– (ใ›ใ„ใ•ใ) means 'policy'. Note 6: ้บไผๅญๆฒป็™‚ (ใ„ใงใ‚“ใ—ใกใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†) means 'gene therapy'. Note 7: ๆ”นๅค‰ใ™ใ‚‹ (ใ‹ใ„ใธใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹) means 'to alter'.)

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅญฆๅ•ๅˆ†้‡Žใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใซใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ในใๅ•ใ„

While philosophy's questions '้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹' (relate to) multiple fields, the passage doesn't say they are 'based on' (ใ‚‚ใจใซใ—ใฆ) the knowledge of those fields. Rather, philosophy examines the *foundations* of those fields from a broader perspective.

2) ็คพไผšใฎใชใ‹ใงใฎ็†ๆƒณ็š„ใชๆ„›ใฎๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅ•ใ„

While 'ๆ„›ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹' (What is love) is given as an example, it's only one example among many, and the passage broadens it to 'ใฟใ‚“ใชใฎๅ•้กŒ' (everyone's problem), not just 'ideal forms of love' (็†ๆƒณ็š„ใชๆ„›ใฎๅฝข).

3) ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใงใฏใชใใ€็คพไผšๅ…จไฝ“ใฎๅˆฉ็›ŠใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹ๅ•ใ„

The passage emphasizes that philosophical questions become 'ใฟใ‚“ใชใฎๅ•้กŒ' (everyone's problem) and concern '็คพไผšใฎใ ใ‚Œใซใงใ‚‚' (everyone in society), which aligns with societal benefit, but it's not explicitly stated as 'social benefit' (็คพไผšๅ…จไฝ“ใฎๅˆฉ็›Š) in contrast to 'individual benefit' (ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅˆฉ็›Š). The core is their fundamental and universal nature.

Question 64

64. <u>ใ‚‚ใ†ใฒใจใคใฎ้‡่ฆใชไป•ไบ‹</u>ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅฐ‚้–€ใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใงใ€ ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๅ†ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ Correct
2.2) ๅ„ๅˆ†้‡Žใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใงใ€ ไบบ้–“ใฎๆ นๆœฌ็š„ใชไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
3.3) ไธ€่ˆฌใฎไบบใซใ€ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
4.4) ไธ€่ˆฌใฎไบบใซใ€ไบบ้–“ใฎๆ นๆœฌ็š„ใชไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใ‚’็†่งฃใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Correct Answer: 1. 1) ๅฐ‚้–€ใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใงใ€ ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๅ†ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage describes 'ใ‚‚ใ†ใฒใจใคใฎ้‡่ฆใชไป•ไบ‹' (another important job) as 'ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใช่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ•ใ„็›ดใ™ใ“ใจ' (re-examining each specialized knowledge from a more general and holistic perspective). It then gives the example of gene therapy, stating that 'ๅŒปๅญฆใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใ ใ‘ใซๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚’ไปปใ›ใฆใ‚ˆใ„ๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“' (these are not problems that should be left solely to medical experts), implying that non-experts (general public) should also be involved in the re-examination. This aligns with re-examining specialized knowledge from a non-specialist's perspective.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ๅ„ๅˆ†้‡Žใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใงใ€ ไบบ้–“ใฎๆ นๆœฌ็š„ใชไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

The passage explicitly states that these issues should *not* be left only to specialists ('ๅŒปๅญฆใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใ ใ‘ใซๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚’ไปปใ›ใฆใ‚ˆใ„ๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“'), contradicting the idea of examining from specialists' perspectives.

3) ไธ€่ˆฌใฎไบบใซใ€ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

While philosophy might involve making complex ideas accessible, the primary role described here is 'ๅ•ใ„็›ดใ™' (re-examining) and 'ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹' (considering), which is a critical analysis, not merely simplification or transmission of knowledge.

4) ไธ€่ˆฌใฎไบบใซใ€ไบบ้–“ใฎๆ นๆœฌ็š„ใชไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใ‚’็†่งฃใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

Philosophy's role is to 'ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹' (examine) common sense, knowledge, and technology against fundamental human values, implying a process of critical inquiry, not simply making people 'understand' (็†่งฃใ•ใ›ใ‚‹) existing values.

ๅ•้กŒ 12 ๆฌกใฎAใจBใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

A
ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใฏๅคšใ„ใ€‚ ๅฟ…ๆญปใซๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใชใ‹ใชใ‹่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใฆๅซŒใซใชใ‚‹ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใฏ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใŒใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ•้กŒใ ใ€‚ ๆš—่จ˜ใŒใงใใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใคใ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๆš—่จ˜ใฎใ—ใ‹ใŸใ‚’ๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ€‚

ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็›ฎใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใปใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚‚ๅƒใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใ ใ€‚ๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใง่€ณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚คใƒณใƒ—ใƒƒใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ขบใ‹ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใ„ใพใ„ใชๅ†…ๅฎนใŒๆ•ด็†ใ•ใ‚Œ่ซ–็†็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‹ใ‚‰่„ณใซๅˆบๆฟ€ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚

B
ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ„ใคๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใ€‚ ่„ณใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅƒใใฎใฏๆœใ‚„ๅˆๅ‰ไธญใ ใจใ„ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ๆš—่จ˜ใซใฏใ€ๅคœๅฏใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎ30ๅˆ†ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใŸ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒ็ก็œ ไธญใซ่„ณๅ†…ใงๆ•ด็†ใ•ใ‚Œใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ€‚ ๆš—่จ˜ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใชใฉไฝ™่จˆใชใ“ใจใฏใ›ใšใซใ™ใใซๅฏใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็ฟŒๆœใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่จ˜ๆ†ถใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใฏ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใฎใ›ใ„ใงใฏใชใใ€ๆš—่จ˜ใฎใ—ใ‹ใŸใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ€‚่„ณใฎๅƒใใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€็„ก็†ใชใๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
Passage A discusses memorization (ๆš—่จ˜: ใ‚ใ‚“ใ). Many people feel they are bad at it (่‹ฆๆ‰‹ๆ„่ญ˜: ใซใŒใฆใ„ใ—ใ - feeling of weakness), but the author argues that effective memorizers devise methods (ๅทฅๅคซใ™ใ‚‹: ใใตใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ - to devise) rather than having innate good memory. It suggests using multiple senses (ๆ„Ÿ่ฆš: ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‹ใ) like speaking aloud or writing to stimulate (ๅˆบๆฟ€: ใ—ใ’ใ) the brain and improve memory. Passage B focuses on retaining memorized information. It highlights the importance of timing, stating that 30 minutes before sleep is ideal for memorization, as knowledge is organized in the brain during sleep, making it easier to retain. Reviewing the next morning further strengthens (ๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹: ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹) memory. Both passages agree that forgetting is due to incorrect methods, not poor memory, and that understanding brain function allows for effortless memorization.
Question 65

65. ๆš—่จ˜ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ AใจBใŒๅ…ฑ้€šใ—ใฆ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚ใจใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ Correct
3.3) ๆš—่จ˜ใ‚’ใ—็ถšใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใฏๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
4.4) ๆš—่จ˜ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ๆ„่ญ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Passage A states, '่ฆšใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ•้กŒใ ' (It's a problem to think that one can't memorize because their memory is poor). Passage B states, 'ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใฏ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใฎใ›ใ„ใงใฏใชใใ€ๆš—่จ˜ใฎใ—ใ‹ใŸใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ' (Forgetting what has been memorized is not due to memory ability, but because the method of memorization is wrong). Both passages clearly convey that the issue is with the method, not the inherent memory capacity.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚ใจใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚

Only Passage B mentions reviewing the next morning to strengthen memory ('็ฟŒๆœใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่จ˜ๆ†ถใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†'). Passage A does not discuss post-memorization review.

3) ๆš—่จ˜ใ‚’ใ—็ถšใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใฏๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚

Both passages imply that memory *can* be improved or strengthened through correct methods (A: '่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹', B: '่จ˜ๆ†ถใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†'), contradicting this option.

4) ๆš—่จ˜ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ๆ„่ญ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถๅŠ›ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

Passage A acknowledges that many people have a '่‹ฆๆ‰‹ๆ„่ญ˜' (feeling of weakness) but then immediately refutes the idea that this means their memory is poor, stating that the problem is in the method, not the feeling itself affecting memory negatively.

Question 66

66. ๆš—่จ˜ใฎใ—ใ‹ใŸใซใคใ„ใฆใ€AใจBใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ๅ†…ๅฎนใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ ๆœใ‹ๅคœใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใชใŒใ‚‰ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) Aใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏๅคœๅฏใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ้‡็‚น็š„ใซๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ Correct
4.4) Aใฏๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆš—่จ˜ใซ้ฉใ—ใŸๆ™‚ ้–“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) Aใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏๅคœๅฏใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ้‡็‚น็š„ใซๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Passage A advises, '็›ฎใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใปใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚‚ๅƒใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใ ใ€‚ๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใง่€ณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚คใƒณใƒ—ใƒƒใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ขบใ‹ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใ„ใพใ„ใชๅ†…ๅฎนใŒๆ•ด็†ใ•ใ‚Œ่ซ–็†็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚' (It's effective to use other senses besides just seeing. Speaking aloud inputs information through the ears, making it more certain. Writing organizes ambiguous content, making it logically easier to understand). Passage B states, 'ๆš—่จ˜ใซใฏใ€ๅคœๅฏใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎ30ๅˆ†ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚' (For memorization, 30 minutes before sleeping at night is most suitable). This option accurately summarizes the specific advice given in each passage.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

While both discuss methods, neither explicitly advises 'trying various methods to find what suits oneself.' They offer specific, recommended methods.

2) Aใ‚‚Bใ‚‚ใ€ๅ†…ๅฎนใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ ๆœใ‹ๅคœใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใชใŒใ‚‰ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

Only Passage B discusses the timing (morning vs. night), and it recommends night before sleep, not varying based on content. Passage A does not mention timing at all.

4) Aใฏๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใ€Bใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆš—่จ˜ใซ้ฉใ—ใŸๆ™‚ ้–“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

While A does mention speaking and writing, B does *not* say to 'find one's own suitable time.' Instead, B gives a very specific recommendation: 'ๅคœๅฏใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎ30ๅˆ†ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹' (30 minutes before sleeping at night is most suitable).

ๅ•้กŒ 13 ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅพŒใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

ๅคšใใฎใƒžใƒใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใฎไบบใŸใกใซ่žใใจใ€้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚็›ธ่ซ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€Œๆฌกใซใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใจใ“ใ‚ใŒไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ ๅŒใ˜ใƒžใƒใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒๆ—ฉใ„ใ€ใ€Œ่‚ฒใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆš‡ใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใฃใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ๆดฉใ‚Œใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใซ่‚ฒใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจ้ก˜ใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆ่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚‚ๅฟƒใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

็ขบใ‹ใซ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‚’่‚ฒๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใ‹ใ„ใงๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ–ฐๅ…ฅ็คพๅ“กใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ดฐใ‹ใไธ€ใคใฒใจใคใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆ่พผใ‚“ใง็†่งฃใ•ใ›ใ€ใ•ใ›ใฆใฟใฆใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็›ธๅฝ“ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ไธญๅ …็คพๅ“กใ‚„ไธญ้€”ๆŽก็”จ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไธ€ไบบใฒใจใ‚Šใฎๅ€‹ๆ€งใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๅฏพๅฟœใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่ทๅ‹™้‚่กŒๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚‚ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใฉใ“ใพใงๆ•™ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€‚ ไธๅฏงใซๆ•™ใˆใ™ใŽใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€Œใใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๅ็™บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆ”พ็ฝฎใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฎŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใ‹ใญใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎไธปไฝ“็š„ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ†ใพใๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใฅใ‘ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„็ตๆžœใ‚„ๆˆๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๆ”ฏๆดใ—ใฆใ„ใๆ‰‹ๅŠ ๆธ›ใŒๅคงๅค‰ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

่‚ฒใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ใฟใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใจใฃใฆใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‹ใชใ‹็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ ๅ€‹ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใฎใ ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ“ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ ใ‚ใชใ‚‰ใฐใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ€ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅทฅๅคซใŒๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฃ้ ญใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฉ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ€็ด™ใซ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใชใŒใ‚‰่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใช่ง’ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅˆ†ใ‘ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚

ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏๆ›–ๆ˜งใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ็†่งฃใฎไธๅๅˆ†ใชใจใ“ใ‚ใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใŒใพใŸไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
English Summary & Annotations
Many managers and leaders wish their subordinates (้ƒจไธ‹: ใถใ‹) and juniors (ๅพŒ่ผฉ: ใ“ใ†ใฏใ„) would be proactive (่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใปใ—ใ„: ใ˜ใถใ‚“ใงใใตใ†ใ—ใฆใจใ‚Šใใ‚“ใงใปใ—ใ„ - devise ways to tackle things themselves) and think for themselves. However, they also admit to lacking the time and mental capacity to train them, often feeling it's faster to do tasks themselves. Training is indeed troublesome (ใ‚„ใฃใ‹ใ„: ใ‚„ใฃใ‹ใ„) and time-consuming. New employees require detailed instruction and feedback (ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ: ใตใƒใƒผใฉใฐใฃใ - comments on results), demanding significant energy (ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™: ใˆใญใ‚‹ใŽใƒผใ‚’ใคใ„ใ‚„ใ™ - to spend energy). For mid-career employees (ไธญๅ …็คพๅ“ก: ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใ‚“ - core employees) and mid-career hires (ไธญ้€”ๆŽก็”จ่€…: ใกใ‚…ใ†ใจใ•ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ - mid-career hires), the difficulty lies in tailoring guidance to individual personalities and abilities. It's hard to know how much to teach someone with basic job performance ability (่ทๅ‹™้‚่กŒๅŠ›: ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‚€ใ™ใ„ใ“ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ - ability to perform duties) and pride, as over-explaining might lead to resistance (ๅ็™บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹: ใฏใ‚“ใฑใคใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹), while neglecting (ๆ”พ็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹: ใปใ†ใกใ™ใ‚‹ - to leave unattended) them might mean they actually understand nothing. The 'adjustment' (ๆ‰‹ๅŠ ๆธ›: ใฆใ‹ใ’ใ‚“ - way of adjusting) of supporting their proactive efforts while guiding them to good results is very difficult. Despite these challenges, the author argues that by trying to train others, managers gain many insights. They realize that what's simple for them might be hard for others, learning to adapt teaching methods (ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅทฅๅคซ: ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ใใตใ†). Teaching also forces them to study and clarify their own understanding, thereby improving their own knowledge (็Ÿฅ่ญ˜: ใกใ—ใ) and skills (ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซ: ใ™ใใ‚‹). (Note 1: ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ (ใตใƒใƒผใฉใฐใฃใใ™ใ‚‹) means 'to give feedback'. Note 2: ่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ (ใคใ„ใ‚„ใ™) means 'to spend'. Note 3: ไธญๅ …็คพๅ“ก (ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใ‚“) means 'core employee'. Note 4: ่ทๅ‹™้‚่กŒๅŠ› (ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‚€ใ™ใ„ใ“ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ) means 'ability to perform duties'. Note 5: ๆ”พ็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ (ใปใ†ใกใ™ใ‚‹) means 'to leave unattended'. Note 6: ๆ‰‹ๅŠ ๆธ› (ใฆใ‹ใ’ใ‚“) means 'way of adjusting'. Note 7: ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซ (ใ™ใใ‚‹) means 'skill'.)
Question 67

67. ็ญ†่€…ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒžใƒใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใฏ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใซใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆ

1.1) ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‚่€ƒใซใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
2.2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ใคใฒใจใคใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
3.3) ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็›ธ่ซ‡ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
4.4) ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’้€ฒใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’้€ฒใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, '้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚็›ธ่ซ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€Œๆฌกใซใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚' (They have the desire for subordinates and juniors to 'not consult about everything, but to devise and tackle things themselves' and 'to think for themselves what to do next and act'). This combines both 'what to do' and 'how to do it' (implied by 'ๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใปใ—ใ„' - devise ways to tackle it) and proceeding independently.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‚่€ƒใซใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

While 'ๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„' (want them to devise ways) is mentioned, the phrase 'ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‚่€ƒใซใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰' (while referring to what they were taught) is not explicitly stated as the managers' desire. The emphasis is on independent thought.

2) ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅทฅๅคซใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ใคใฒใจใคใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

The passage mentions managers feeling they '่‚ฒใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆš‡ใŒใชใ„' (don't have time to train), but it doesn't state that their desire is for subordinates to reduce the time spent on each task. The focus is on self-reliance and initiative.

3) ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็›ธ่ซ‡ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

The passage explicitly says 'ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚็›ธ่ซ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ' (not to consult about everything), implying they want subordinates to figure out 'how to do it' themselves, not necessarily consult on it.

Question 68

68. ็ญ†่€…ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€<u>ไธญๅ …็คพๅ“กใ‚„ไธญ้€”ๆŽก็”จ่€…</u>ใฎๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใซใŠใ„ใฆไฝ•ใŒใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใจใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ดฐใ‹ใๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
2.2) ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๅ€‹ๆ€งใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซๅฟœใ˜ใŸๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ Correct
3.3) ๅ‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’็”Ÿใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
4.4) ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใšใซใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Correct Answer: 2. 2) ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๅ€‹ๆ€งใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซๅฟœใ˜ใŸๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, 'ไธญๅ …็คพๅ“กใ‚„ไธญ้€”ๆŽก็”จ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไธ€ไบบใฒใจใ‚Šใฎๅ€‹ๆ€งใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๅฏพๅฟœใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚' (For mid-career employees and mid-career hires, there is the difficulty of having to respond while considering each individual's personality and ability). This directly matches option 2.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใจใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ดฐใ‹ใๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

This difficulty is mentioned for 'ๆ–ฐๅ…ฅ็คพๅ“ก' (new employees), not specifically for mid-career employees or hires.

3) ๅ‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’็”Ÿใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

While mid-career hires have previous experience, the passage doesn't state that making use of their past experience is the specific difficulty in guiding them. The difficulty is in adapting to their individual traits.

4) ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใšใซใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ

The passage mentions the risk of 'ๅ็™บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹' (being repelled) if taught too politely to someone with pride, but the core difficulty is the broader challenge of 'ไธ€ไบบใฒใจใ‚Šใฎๅ€‹ๆ€งใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๅฏพๅฟœ' (responding while considering each individual's personality and ability), which encompasses this point but is not limited to it.

Question 69

69. ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ๅดใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ญ†่€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใฎๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใงใฏใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚
2.2) ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใถๅงฟๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆŠ€่ก“ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆฐ—ใฅใใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€่‡ชใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆˆ้•ทใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ่‡ช่บซใŒๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ๅคšใใฎ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆฐ—ใฅใใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€่‡ชใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆˆ้•ทใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The passage states, '่‚ฒใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ใฟใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚' (By trying to train others, many things become visible). It then elaborates on gaining insights into different learning styles and realizing one's own incomplete understanding, leading to self-study and improvement: 'ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใŒใพใŸไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚' (By studying, one's own knowledge and skills improve again). This directly supports the idea that training others leads to self-growth and new insights.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใฎๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใงใฏใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚

While understanding the other person's learning style is mentioned as a 'ๆฐ—ใฅใ' (insight) gained from teaching, the passage doesn't explicitly state that one 'should spend time understanding the other person' as a primary directive for managers.

2) ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใถๅงฟๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆŠ€่ก“ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The passage states that one learns and improves by *teaching* and *studying* to clarify their own understanding, not necessarily by having a 'learning attitude from subordinates' (้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใถๅงฟๅ‹ข).

4) ่‡ช่บซใŒๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ๅคšใใฎ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚

The passage focuses on the *process* and *benefits* of training subordinates for one's own growth, but it doesn't quantify it by saying one 'should train many subordinates' (ๅคšใใฎ้ƒจไธ‹ใ‚„ๅพŒ่ผฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„) for personal growth.

ๅ•้กŒ14 ๅณใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฎใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆกˆๅ†…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ‹ใฎๅ•ใ„ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€1ใƒป2ใƒป3ใƒป4ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ใค้ธใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Reading Passage

ๅŒ—ๅŽŸใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซ
ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑใฎๅฎฟ ๅŒ—ๅŽŸใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซ
ใ€ใŠ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ€‘
Aใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—(ๅฎšๅ“ก1~3ๅ) 8็•ณใฎๅ’Œๆด‹ๅฎคใ€ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰2ๅฐใ€ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใชใ—
Bใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ— (ๅฎšๅ“ก2~4ๅ) 10็•ณใฎๅ’Œๅฎคใ€ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใชใ—ใ€ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใคใ
Cใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—(ๅฎšๅ“ก2~6ๅ) 12็•ณใฎๅ’Œๆด‹ๅฎคใ€ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰2ๅฐใ€ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใคใ
โ€ปๅ…จๅฎคใ€ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ€ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใŒๅฎŒๅ‚™ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€ๆ–™้‡‘่กจใ€‘ (ๅฎฟๆณŠใƒป้ฃŸไบ‹ไปฃ่พผใฟใ€ ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚’้™คใ) (ๅ˜ไฝ:ๅ††)
ใŠ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—
Aใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ— Bใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ— Cใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—
ๅฎฟๆณŠใ™ใ‚‹ไบบๆ•ฐ
1ๅ 2~3ๅ 2ๅ 3~4ๅ 2ๅ 3~6ๅ
ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณ
้ฃŸไบ‹ใชใ— 7,000 6,000 8,500 6,500 9,300 6,800
ๆœ้ฃŸใคใ 8,200 7,200 9,700 7,700 10,500 8,000
ๆœ้ฃŸ ๅค•้ฃŸใคใ 11,200 10,200 12,700 10,700 13,500 11,000
โ€ปไธŠ่จ˜ใฏใ€ ๅคงไบบ (ไธญๅญฆ็”ŸไปฅไธŠ) 1ๅใฎๆ–™้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅญไพ›(4ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฐๅญฆ็”Ÿใพใง)ใฏๅคงไบบๆ–™้‡‘ใฎๅŠ้กใ€3ๆญณไปฅไธ‹ใฏ็„กๆ–™ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏไธŠ่จ˜ๆ–™้‡‘ใซ1,100ๅ††ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸๆ–™้‡‘ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‘
โ—้ฃŸไบ‹ใคใใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใฎใŠ้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎใ”ๆกˆๅ†…
ๅค•้ฃŸ: ใŠใ•ใ—ใฟใŒใƒกใ‚คใƒณใฎๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณใ‚’ใ”็”จๆ„ ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘1,000ๅ††ใง ๅคฉใทใ‚‰ใคใใฎ็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณใธใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใฏใ€ๅธŒๆœ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใฎ2ๆ—ฅๅ‰ใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœ้ฃŸ: ๅ’Œ้ฃŸใ‹ๆด‹้ฃŸใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ใŠ้ธใณใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚

โ—ไบˆ็ด„ๅพŒใซใ€ ใŠ้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅธŒๆœ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–น
ๅค•้ฃŸใฏ3,000ๅ†† (็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณใฏ4,000ๅ††) ๆœ้ฃŸใฏ1,200ๅ††ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใงๆ‰ฟใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅค•้ฃŸใฏๅธŒๆœ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใฎ2ๆ—ฅๅ‰ใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใ€ๆœ้ฃŸใฏๅธŒๆœ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใฎๅ‰ๆ—ฅๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑใฎๅฎฟ ๅŒ—ๅŽŸใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซ
้›ป่ฉฑ 588-551-0703
English Summary & Annotations
This is an information guide for Kitahara Hotel. It details three room types: * A-type (capacity 1-3): 8-tatami Japanese-Western room, 2 beds, no bath. * B-type (capacity 2-4): 10-tatami Japanese room, no beds, with bath. * C-type (capacity 2-6): 12-tatami Japanese-Western room, 2 beds, with bath. All rooms are fully equipped (ๅฎŒๅ‚™: ใ‹ใ‚“ใณ) with toilet, refrigerator, and TV. The price list (ๆ–™้‡‘่กจ: ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“ใฒใ‚‡ใ†) is per adult (ๅคงไบบ: ใŠใจใช - junior high school age and above) for accommodation (ๅฎฟๆณŠ: ใ—ใ‚…ใใฏใ) and meals (้ฃŸไบ‹ไปฃ่พผใฟ: ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ˜ใ ใ„ใ“ใฟ - meal cost included), excluding Saturdays. Children (ๅญไพ›: ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ - 4 years to elementary school age) are half price, and under 3 are free. Saturdays incur an additional 1,100 yen. Regarding meals (้ฃŸไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ: ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ˜ใซใคใ„ใฆ): * Dinner (ๅค•้ฃŸ: ใ‚†ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ) for meal plans is a Japanese set meal (ๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณ: ใ‚ใ—ใ‚‡ใใœใ‚“) with sashimi. It can be changed to a special Japanese set meal with tempura (ๅคฉใทใ‚‰ใคใใฎ็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณ: ใฆใ‚“ใทใ‚‰ใคใใฎใจใในใคใ‚ใ—ใ‚‡ใใœใ‚“) for an extra 1,000 yen. Changes must be notified by 5 PM two days before the desired date. * Breakfast (ๆœ้ฃŸ: ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ) offers Japanese or Western set menus. For adding meals after booking (ไบˆ็ด„ๅพŒใซใ€ ใŠ้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅธŒๆœ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–น: ใ‚ˆใ‚„ใใ”ใซใ€ใŠใ—ใ‚‡ใใ˜ใฎใคใ„ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ‚„ใใ‚’ใใผใ†ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใŸ): * Dinner costs 3,000 yen (special Japanese set meal is 4,000 yen). * Breakfast costs 1,200 yen. * Dinner additions must be notified by 5 PM two days before the desired date, and breakfast additions by 5 PM the day before.
Question 70

70. ใ‚ซใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅคงๅญฆใฎๅ‹ไบบใจไบŒไบบใงๅŒ—ๅŽŸใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซๆณŠใพใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’้ธใถใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœ้ฃŸใคใใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใ€ ใงๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅฎฟๆณŠใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใ ใŒใ€ๅธŒๆœ›ใซๅˆใ†้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎไธ€ไบบๅˆ†ใฎๆ–™้‡‘ใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) 7200ๅ††
2.2) 7200ๅ††ใซ 1100ๅ††ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸ้‡‘้ก
3.3) 10500ๅ†† Correct
4.4) 10500ๅ††ใซ 1100ๅ††ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸ้‡‘้ก
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 10500ๅ††
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Karl is staying with one friend, so there are 2 people. He wants a room with beds and a bath. Looking at 'ใŠ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—' (Room Types): A-type has beds but no bath. B-type has a bath but no beds. C-type has 2 beds and a bath. So, the C-type room is suitable. He plans to stay on a Sunday with the 'ๆœ้ฃŸใคใใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณ' (Breakfast included plan). Looking at the 'ๆ–™้‡‘่กจ' (Price List) for C-type, 2 people, 'ๆœ้ฃŸใคใ' plan, the price per person is 10,500 yen. Since it's a Sunday, there is no additional 1,100 yen for Saturdays.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 7200ๅ††

7,200 yen is the price for A-type (2-3 people) or B-type (3-4 people) with breakfast. A-type doesn't have a bath, and B-type doesn't have beds, so neither meets Karl's requirements.

2) 7200ๅ††ใซ 1100ๅ††ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸ้‡‘้ก

This amount would be for a Saturday stay in an A-type or B-type room, which do not meet Karl's requirements for both beds and a bath. Also, he is staying on a Sunday, so the Saturday surcharge does not apply.

4) 10500ๅ††ใซ 1100ๅ††ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸ้‡‘้ก

10,500 yen is the correct base price for the C-type room for 2 people with breakfast. However, the additional 1,100 yen applies only to Saturday stays, and Karl is staying on a Sunday.

Question 71

71. ใƒŠใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€4ๆœˆ8ๆ—ฅใซไธ€ไบบใงๆณŠใพใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ€ใ€Œๆœ้ฃŸใคใใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใ€ใง้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณใฎๅค•้ฃŸใ‚‚ใคใ‘ใŸใใชใฃใŸใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ4ๆœˆ4ๆ—ฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใธใฎ้€ฃ็ตกใฏใ„ใคใพใงใซใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

1.1) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ1000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ6ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2.2) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ1000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ7ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3.3) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ4000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ6ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ Correct
4.4) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ 4000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ7ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ4000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ6ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

Nadia wants to add the '็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณใฎๅค•้ฃŸ' (special Japanese dinner). Under 'ไบˆ็ด„ๅพŒใซใ€ ใŠ้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅธŒๆœ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–น' (For those who wish to add meal reservations after booking), it states '็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณใฏ4,000ๅ††' (Special Japanese meal set is 4,000 yen). So the additional fee is 4,000 yen. For the deadline, it says 'ๅค•้ฃŸใฏๅธŒๆœ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใฎ2ๆ—ฅๅ‰ใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ' (For dinner, by 5 PM two days before the desired date). Nadia's desired date is April 8th. Two days before April 8th is April 6th. Therefore, she must contact the hotel by 5 PM on April 6th.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ1000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ6ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The additional fee for the '็‰นๅˆฅๅ’Œ้ฃŸ่†ณ' (special Japanese dinner) when adding after booking is 4,000 yen, not 1,000 yen. 1,000 yen is for changing from a standard dinner to a special dinner if it was already part of a meal plan.

2) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ1000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ7ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The additional fee is incorrect (4,000 yen, not 1,000 yen). The deadline is also incorrect; 5 PM on April 7th is one day before, but dinner requires two days' notice.

4) ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏ 4000ๅ††ใงใ€4ๆœˆ7ๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

While the additional fee of 4,000 yen is correct, the deadline is incorrect. The deadline for adding dinner is '2ๆ—ฅๅ‰ใฎๅˆๅพŒ5ๆ™‚ใพใง' (by 5 PM two days before), which would be April 6th, not April 7th.