JLPT N2 Letters and Vocabulary, Grammar Test

N22024/DecemberVocabulary
Q51 Questions
T~77 minutes
S9 Sections

問題1: ___の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

Question 1

1. 山本さんは<u>優秀</u>な社員だ。

1.1) ゆしゅう
2.2) ゆうしゅ
3.3) ゆしゅ
4.4) ゆうしゅう Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) ゆうしゅう
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct reading for 優秀 (yūshū) is ゆうしゅう. It means 'excellent' or 'superior'. The sentence means 'Mr. Yamamoto is an excellent employee.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ゆしゅう

This reading is incorrect. The 'yuu' sound is a long vowel, represented by ゆう.

2) ゆうしゅ

This reading is incorrect. The 'shuu' sound is a long vowel, represented by しゅう.

3) ゆしゅ

This reading is incorrect. Both 'yuu' and 'shuu' are pronounced as short vowels here.

Question 2

2. そんなことを言われたら、私も<u>迷った</u>に違いない。

1.1) あやまった
2.2) あせった
3.3) まよった Correct
4.4) うたがった
Correct Answer: 3. 3) まよった
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct reading for 迷った (mayotta) is まよった. It is the past tense of 迷う (mayou), meaning 'to get lost' or 'to be confused/hesitate'. The sentence means 'If I were told such a thing, I would surely have been confused/hesitated too.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) あやまった

This is the reading for 謝った (ayamatta), meaning 'apologized'.

2) あせった

This is the reading for 焦った (asetta), meaning 'got flustered' or 'panicked'.

4) うたがった

This is the reading for 疑った (utagatta), meaning 'doubted' or 'suspected'.

Question 3

3. 今から行うのは<u>背骨</u>を伸ばす体操て‘す。

1.1) せいこっ
2.2) せこっ
3.3) せいぼね
4.4) せぼね Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) せぼね
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct reading for 背骨 (sebone) is せぼね. It means 'spine' or 'backbone'. The sentence means 'The exercise we are about to do is for stretching the spine.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) せいこっ

This reading is incorrect. The kanji 骨 (hone) changes to ぼね in this compound, and the first kanji is read せ.

2) せこっ

This reading is incorrect. It does not correspond to the kanji 背骨.

3) せいぼね

This reading is incorrect. The first kanji 背 is read せ, not せい, in this compound.

Question 4

4. すぐに<u>実践</u>できるとは思っていなかった。

1.1) じっせん Correct
2.2) じっけん
3.3) じっぜん
4.4) じっげん
Correct Answer: 1. 1) じっせん
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct reading for 実践 (jissen) is じっせん. It means 'practice' or 'implementation'. The sentence means 'I didn't think I could put it into practice immediately.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) じっけん

This is the reading for 実験 (jikken), meaning 'experiment'.

3) じっぜん

This reading is incorrect. The second kanji 践 is read せん, not ぜん.

4) じっげん

This reading is incorrect. It does not correspond to the kanji 実践.

Question 5

5. 彼はコンサー トで派手な<u>衣装</u>を着ていた。

1.1) いそう
2.2) いしょう Correct
3.3) いじょう
4.4) ゆうしゅう
Correct Answer: 2. 2) いしょう
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct reading for 衣装 (ishō) is いしょう. It means 'costume' or 'outfit'. The sentence means 'He was wearing a flashy costume at the concert.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) いそう

This reading is incorrect. The second kanji 装 is read しょう, not そう.

3) いじょう

This is the reading for 以上 (ijō), meaning 'more than' or 'above', or 異常 (ijō), meaning 'unusual'.

4) ゆうしゅう

This is the reading for 優秀 (yūshū), meaning 'excellent', which is completely unrelated to the kanji 衣装.

問題2___の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。

Question 6

6. <u>けいび</u>をもっと厳しくしたほうがいい。

1.1) 警護
2.2) 係備
3.3) 警備 Correct
4.4) 係護
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 警備
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct kanji for けいび (keibi) is 警備. It means 'security' or 'guard'. The sentence means 'It would be better to tighten security more.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 警護

警護 (keigo) means 'guard' or 'escort', but 警備 is a more general term for security measures.

2) 係備

係 (kakari) means 'person in charge' or 'duty', and 備 (bi) means 'prepare'. This combination does not form a common word for 'security'.

4) 係護

係 (kakari) and 護 (go) meaning 'protect'. This combination does not form a common word for 'security'.

Question 7

7. 安全な場所に<u>ひなん</u>をしてください。

1.1) 被離
2.2) 避離
3.3) 被難
4.4) 避難 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 避難
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct kanji for ひなん (hinan) is 避難. It means 'evacuation' or 'taking refuge'. The sentence means 'Please evacuate to a safe place.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 被離

被 (hi) means 'suffer' or 'receive', and 離 (ri) means 'separate'. This combination does not form 'evacuation'.

2) 避離

避 (hi) means 'avoid', but 離 (ri) is incorrect for the 'nan' sound and meaning of 'difficulty/disaster'.

3) 被難

被 (hi) means 'suffer' or 'receive', and 難 (nan) means 'difficulty'. While 難 is correct, 被 is not the correct kanji for 'evacuate'.

Question 8

8. 先祖を<u>うやまう</u>心を大切にしたい。

1.1) 拝う
2.2) 敬う Correct
3.3) 礼う
4.4) 尊う
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 敬う
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct kanji for うやまう (uyamau) is 敬う. It means 'to respect' or 'to revere'. The sentence means 'I want to cherish the feeling of respecting my ancestors.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 拝う

拝う (ogamu) means 'to worship' or 'to bow in reverence', which is a different nuance from general respect.

3) 礼う

礼 (rei) means 'gratitude' or 'courtesy'. 礼う is not a standard verb for 'to respect'.

4) 尊う

尊う (tattobu) means 'to revere' or 'to value highly', which is similar but 敬う is the more common and direct kanji for 'to respect' in this context.

Question 9

9. パソコン教室の<u>じゅこう</u>の申し込みをした。

1.1) 受講 Correct
2.2) 授講
3.3) 受校
4.4) 授校
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 受講
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct kanji for じゅこう (jukō) in the context of taking a class is 受講. 受 (ju) means 'receive' and 講 (kō) refers to a lecture or course. The sentence means 'I applied for enrollment in the computer class.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 授講

授 (ju) means 'give' or 'teach'. 授講 would imply giving a lecture, not receiving one.

3) 受校

校 (kō) refers to a school. While 受校 could imply 'receiving a school', it's not the correct term for 'taking a course'.

4) 授校

授 (ju) means 'give' and 校 (kō) means 'school'. This combination is not a standard word.

Question 10

10. あの人は本当に<u>あつかましい</u>人だ。

1.1) 圧かましい
2.2) 厚かましい Correct
3.3) 熱かましい
4.4) 暑かましい
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 厚かましい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct kanji for あつかましい (atsukamashii) is 厚かましい. It means 'impudent', 'shameless', or 'brazen'. The sentence means 'That person is truly shameless.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 圧かましい

圧 (atsu) means 'pressure'. This kanji is not used for あつかましい.

3) 熱かましい

熱 (netsu) means 'heat'. This kanji is not used for あつかましい.

4) 暑かましい

暑 (atsu) means 'hot (weather)'. This kanji is not used for あつかましい.

問題3 (  )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。

Question 11

11. 中村選手は日本を代表する(  )選手だ。

1.1) 高
2.2) 優
3.3) 名 Correct
4.4) 真
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 名
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The word 名 (mei) combines with 選手 (senshu) to form 名選手 (meisenshu), meaning 'a famous/distinguished player'. This fits the context of representing Japan. The sentence means 'Player Nakamura is a distinguished player representing Japan.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 高

高 (kō) means 'high'. While a player might be 'high-level', 高選手 is not a standard compound.

2) 優

優 (yū) means 'excellent'. While a player might be 'excellent', 優選手 is not a standard compound. 優秀な選手 (yūshū na senshu) would be correct, but not 優選手.

4) 真

真 (shin) means 'true' or 'real'. 真選手 is not a standard compound.

Question 12

12. 今日は月が地球に(  )接近する日なので、常の満月より大きく見えます。

1.1) 特
2.2) 最 Correct
3.3) 極
4.4) 激
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 最
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The word 最 (sai) combines with 接近 (sekkin) to form 最接近 (saisekkin), meaning 'closest approach'. This fits the context of the moon appearing larger than usual due to its proximity to Earth. The sentence means 'Today is the day the moon makes its closest approach to Earth, so it looks larger than a normal full moon.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 特

特 (toku) means 'special'. 特接近 is not a standard compound.

3) 極

極 (kyoku) means 'extreme'. 極接近 is not a standard compound, though it conveys a similar meaning to 'extreme closeness'.

4) 激

激 (geki) means 'intense' or 'violent'. 激接近 is not a standard compound and doesn't fit the context.

Question 13

13. 家のポストに私 (  )の手紙が入っていた。

1.1) 宛て Correct
2.2) 着き
3.3) 届け
4.4) 便り
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 宛て
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

宛て (ate) means 'addressed to'. 私宛て (watashi ate) means 'addressed to me'. This is the correct word to indicate the recipient of the letter. The sentence means 'There was a letter addressed to me in the mailbox at home.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 着き

着き (tsuki) means 'arrival'. It doesn't fit the context of a letter's recipient.

3) 届け

届け (todoke) means 'delivery' or 'report'. It doesn't fit the context of a letter's recipient.

4) 便り

便り (tayori) means 'news' or 'letter'. While it relates to letters, it doesn't form a phrase like 'letter addressed to me' in this structure.

問題4 (  )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。

Question 14

14. 会員の登録が(  )したので、今からサービスを利用できます。

1.1) 決着
2.2) 完了 Correct
3.3) 終業
4.4) 到達
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 完了
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

完了 (kanryō) means 'completion' or 'finish'. 登録が完了する (tōroku ga kanryō suru) means 'registration is complete'. This is the most appropriate word for the completion of a process like registration. The sentence means 'Member registration has been completed, so you can now use the service.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 決着

決着 (kecchaku) means 'settlement' or 'conclusion (of a dispute)'. It's not typically used for the completion of a registration process.

3) 終業

終業 (shūgyō) means 'end of work' or 'closing of business'. It refers to the end of a workday or business operations, not a registration process.

4) 到達

到達 (tōtatsu) means 'arrival' or 'reaching (a goal/destination)'. While registration might reach a state of completion, 完了 is the more natural fit for the act of finishing.

Question 15

15. 年を取って運動をしなくなると、 筋肉がだんだん(  )いきます。

1.1) 潰れて
2.2) 欠けて
3.3) 尽きて
4.4) 衰えて Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 衰えて
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

衰える (otorōeru) means 'to decline', 'to weaken', or 'to decay'. 筋肉が衰える (kin'niku ga otorōeru) means 'muscles weaken', which is a natural consequence of aging and lack of exercise. The sentence means 'As you get older and stop exercising, your muscles will gradually weaken.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 潰れて

潰れる (tsubureru) means 'to be crushed', 'to collapse', or 'to go bankrupt'. It's not used for muscles weakening.

2) 欠けて

欠ける (kakeru) means 'to be missing', 'to be chipped', or 'to lack'. It's not used for muscles weakening.

3) 尽きて

尽きる (tsukiru) means 'to run out', 'to be exhausted', or 'to come to an end'. It's not typically used for muscles weakening, but rather for resources or patience.

Question 16

16. 会議時間が残り少なくなったので、 資料の詳細な説明は(  )して、要点のみを 説明した。

1.1) 減量
2.2) 休止
3.3) 節約
4.4) 省略 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 省略
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

省略 (shōryaku) means 'omission' or 'abbreviation'. 詳細な説明を省略する (shōsai na setsumei o shōryaku suru) means 'to omit detailed explanations', which is appropriate when time is limited. The sentence means 'Since there was little meeting time left, I omitted the detailed explanation of the materials and only explained the main points.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 減量

減量 (genryō) means 'weight loss' or 'reduction in quantity'. It's not used for omitting explanations.

2) 休止

休止 (kyūshi) means 'suspension' or 'temporary stop'. It's not used for omitting parts of an explanation.

3) 節約

節約 (setsuyaku) means 'saving' or 'economizing'. While it relates to saving time, it's not the direct action taken with the explanation itself.

Question 17

17. この小説はフィクションだと(  )いたが、実際にあった話らしい。

1.1) 思い込んで Correct
2.2) 思い起こして
3.3) 考え抜いて
4.4) 考えついて
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 思い込んで
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

思い込む (omoikomu) means 'to be under the impression that' or 'to be convinced that (often mistakenly)'. This fits the context where the speaker initially believed something to be fiction but later found out it was real. The sentence means 'I had been under the impression that this novel was fiction, but it seems to be a true story.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 思い起こして

思い起こす (omoiokosu) means 'to recall' or 'to remember'. It doesn't fit the nuance of a mistaken belief.

3) 考え抜いて

考え抜く (kangaenuku) means 'to think through thoroughly' or 'to think hard'. It doesn't fit the context of a mistaken belief.

4) 考えついて

考えつく (kangaetsuku) means 'to come up with (an idea)' or 'to hit upon'. It doesn't fit the context of a mistaken belief.

Question 18

18. 山口さんは、子どもが怖がらないように優しい(  )で話しかけた。

1.1) 音声
2.2) 口調 Correct
3.3) 顔色
4.4) 内心
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 口調
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

口調 (kuchō) means 'tone of voice' or 'manner of speaking'. 優しい口調 (yasashii kuchō) means 'a gentle tone of voice', which is appropriate for speaking to children so they don't get scared. The sentence means 'Mr. Yamaguchi spoke to the child in a gentle tone so that the child wouldn't be scared.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 音声

音声 (onsei) means 'voice' or 'sound'. While related to voice, 口調 specifically refers to the 'tone' or 'manner' of speaking, which is more precise here.

3) 顔色

顔色 (kaoiro) means 'complexion' or 'facial expression'. It refers to appearance, not how one speaks.

4) 内心

内心 (naishin) means 'true feelings' or 'inner thoughts'. It refers to internal state, not external manner of speaking.

Question 19

19. 部下に仕事を教えるのは、 上司の(  )の一つだ。

1.1) 労働
2.2) 勤務
3.3) 役目 Correct
4.4) 当番
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 役目
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

役目 (yakume) means 'role', 'duty', or 'function'. Teaching subordinates is indeed one of the duties of a superior. The sentence means 'Teaching subordinates is one of a superior's duties.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 労働

労働 (rōdō) means 'labor' or 'work'. While teaching is work, 労働 is a broader term for physical or mental effort, not a specific duty.

2) 勤務

勤務 (kinmu) means 'service' or 'duty (at work)'. It refers to the act of working, but 役目 is more specific to a designated role or responsibility.

4) 当番

当番 (tōban) means 'being on duty' or 'taking turns'. It refers to a rotating duty, not a general responsibility of a superior.

Question 20

20. 森さんは外食のとき、いつも誰かに払ってもらおうとするので、(  )人だと思う。

1.1) みずみずしい
2.2) たどたどしい
3.3) ずうずうしい Correct
4.4) よわよわしい
Correct Answer: 3. 3) ずうずうしい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

ずうずうしい (zūzūshii) means 'impudent', 'brazen', or 'shameless'. This perfectly describes someone who always tries to get others to pay when eating out. The sentence means 'Mr. Mori always tries to get someone else to pay when eating out, so I think he's a shameless person.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) みずみずしい

みずみずしい (mizumizushii) means 'fresh' or 'youthful'. It does not fit the context of someone trying to avoid paying.

2) たどたどしい

たどたどしい (tadotadoshii) means 'faltering' or 'hesitant'. It does not fit the context.

4) よわよわしい

よわよわしい (yowayowashii) means 'feeble' or 'weak-looking'. It does not fit the context.

問題5___の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。

Question 21

21. 佐藤さんが<u>ガイド</u>してくれました。

1.1) 案内 Correct
2.2) 解決
3.3) 応援
4.4) 準備
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 案内
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

ガイド (gaido) means 'guide'. 案内 (annai) also means 'guidance' or 'showing the way'. They are synonyms in this context. The sentence means 'Mr. Sato guided me.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 解決

解決 (kaiketsu) means 'solution' or 'settlement'. It is not a synonym for 'guide'.

3) 応援

応援 (ōen) means 'support' or 'cheer'. It is not a synonym for 'guide'.

4) 準備

準備 (junbi) means 'preparation'. It is not a synonym for 'guide'.

Question 22

22. この表現は<u>修正した</u>ほうがいいですよ。

1.1) 調べた
2.2) 覚えた
3.3) 直した Correct
4.4) 使った
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 直した
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

修正する (shūsei suru) means 'to correct' or 'to revise'. 直す (naosu) also means 'to correct' or 'to fix'. They are synonyms in this context. The sentence means 'You should correct this expression.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 調べた

調べる (shiraberu) means 'to investigate' or 'to check'. It is not a synonym for 'correct'.

2) 覚えた

覚える (oboeru) means 'to remember' or 'to learn'. It is not a synonym for 'correct'.

4) 使った

使う (tsukau) means 'to use'. It is not a synonym for 'correct'.

Question 23

23. <u>徐々に</u>会社に慣れてきた。

1.1) ずいぶん
2.2) いつのまにか
3.3) やっと
4.4) 次第に Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 次第に
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

徐々に (jojo ni) means 'gradually' or 'little by little'. 次第に (shidai ni) also means 'gradually' or 'by degrees'. They are synonyms. The sentence means 'I've gradually gotten used to the company.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) ずいぶん

ずいぶん (zuibun) means 'very' or 'quite'. It indicates degree, not gradual change.

2) いつのまにか

いつのまにか (itsunomanika) means 'before one knows it' or 'unnoticed'. It implies a sudden or unperceived change, not a gradual one.

3) やっと

やっと (yatto) means 'at last' or 'finally'. It implies a long-awaited outcome, not a gradual process.

Question 24

24. 青いペンキが<u>はげて</u>いる。

1.1) 取れて Correct
2.2) ついて
3.3) 乾いて
4.4) こぼれて
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 取れて
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

はげる (hageru) means 'to peel off', 'to come off', or 'to fade'. 取れる (toreru) means 'to come off' or 'to be removed'. In the context of paint, they are synonyms. The sentence means 'The blue paint is peeling off.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) ついて

つく (tsuku) means 'to be attached' or 'to stick'. This is the opposite of peeling off.

3) 乾いて

乾く (kawaku) means 'to dry'. This is not a synonym for peeling.

4) こぼれて

こぼれる (koboreru) means 'to spill'. This is not a synonym for peeling.

Question 25

25. 彼女のあの<u>しぐさ</u>は印象的だった。

1.1) 考え
2.2) 動作 Correct
3.3) 着装
4.4) 言葉
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 動作
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

しぐさ (shigusa) means 'gesture' or 'mannerism'. 動作 (dōsa) means 'action' or 'movement'. In this context, they are synonyms. The sentence means 'Her gesture was impressive.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 考え

考え (kangae) means 'thought' or 'idea'. It is not a synonym for 'gesture'.

3) 着装

着装 (chakusō) means 'dressing' or 'wearing clothes'. It is not a synonym for 'gesture'.

4) 言葉

言葉 (kotoba) means 'word' or 'language'. It is not a synonym for 'gesture'.

問題6 次の言葉の使い方として最も近いものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。

Question 26

26. <u>薄める</u>

1.1) 私には難しすぎたので、コースのレベルを<u>薄めた</u>。
2.2) 部屋が暑かったので、 エアコンをつけて温度を<u>薄めた</u>。
3.3) スープがしょっぱかったので、水を加えて味を<u>薄めた</u>。 Correct
4.4) うるさいと言われたので、 テレビの音量を<u>薄めた</u>。
Correct Answer: 3. 3) スープがしょっぱかったので、水を加えて味を<u>薄めた</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

薄める (usumeru) means 'to dilute' or 'to thin out'. Option 3, 'スープがしょっぱかったので、水を加えて味を薄めた。' (The soup was too salty, so I added water to dilute the taste.), correctly uses 薄める to mean diluting a liquid or taste.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 私には難しすぎたので、コースのレベルを<u>薄めた</u>。

You don't 'dilute' a course level. You would 'lower' or 'reduce' it (下げる, 下げた).

2) 部屋が暑かったので、 エアコンをつけて温度を<u>薄めた</u>。

You don't 'dilute' temperature. You would 'lower' it (下げる, 下げた).

4) うるさいと言われたので、 テレビの音量を<u>薄めた</u>。

You don't 'dilute' volume. You would 'lower' or 'reduce' it (下げる, 下げた).

Question 27

27. <u>充実</u>

1.1) 今日の午後は雨の予報で、 空には雲が<u>充実</u>している。
2.2) 今はやりがいのある仕事ができて、 毎日が<u>充実</u>している。 Correct
3.3) 喫茶店の中は、コーヒーのにおいが<u>充実</u>している。
4.4) 計画を実行するためには、まだ問題が<u>充実</u>している。
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 今はやりがいのある仕事ができて、 毎日が<u>充実</u>している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

充実 (jūjitsu) means 'fullness', 'completion', or 'enrichment'. It's often used to describe a fulfilling or satisfying state. Option 2, '今はやりがいのある仕事ができて、 毎日が充実している。' (Now I have a rewarding job, and every day is fulfilling.), correctly uses 充実 to describe a fulfilling daily life.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 今日の午後は雨の予報で、 空には雲が<u>充実</u>している。

You don't say clouds are 'fulfilling' the sky. You would say they are 'covering' or 'filling' the sky (覆っている, 満ちている).

3) 喫茶店の中は、コーヒーのにおいが<u>充実</u>している。

You don't say a smell is 'fulfilling' a place. You would say it is 'filling' or 'permeating' (満ちている, 漂っている).

4) 計画を実行するためには、まだ問題が<u>充実</u>している。

You don't say problems are 'fulfilling'. You would say problems 'exist' or 'remain' (残っている, ある).

Question 28

28. <u>鮮明</u>

1.1) 次回のセミナーの開催日はまだ<u>鮮明</u>に決まっていない。
2.2) できそうにない仕事は<u>鮮明</u>に断ったほうがいい。
3.3) X社の製品のほうが性能が<u>鮮明</u>に優れている。
4.4) あのときの出来事は今でも<u>鮮明</u>に覚えている。 Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) あのときの出来事は今でも<u>鮮明</u>に覚えている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

鮮明 (senmei) means 'clear', 'vivid', or 'distinct'. It's often used to describe memories, images, or sounds. Option 4, 'あのときの出来事は今でも鮮明に覚えている。' (I still vividly remember what happened at that time.), correctly uses 鮮明 to describe a vivid memory.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 次回のセミナーの開催日はまだ<u>鮮明</u>に決まっていない。

You don't say a date is 'clearly decided'. You would say it's 'clearly decided' (はっきり決まっていない) or 'firmly decided' (明確に決まっていない).

2) できそうにない仕事は<u>鮮明</u>に断ったほうがいい。

You don't 'clearly refuse' in the sense of vividness. You would 'clearly' or 'firmly' refuse (はっきり断った, きっぱり断った).

3) X社の製品のほうが性能が<u>鮮明</u>に優れている。

You don't say performance is 'vividly superior'. You would say it's 'clearly' or 'markedly' superior (明らかに優れている, 著しく優れている).

Question 29

29. <u>ふもと</u>

1.1) 明日、駅の <u>ふもと</u>で池田さんと会う約束をした。
2.2) あのビルの <u>ふもと</u>に、 新しいお店ができるらしい。
3.3) 山の <u>ふもと</u>に車を止めて、そこから登りましょう。 Correct
4.4) ドアの <u>ふもと</u>に猫がいて、 開けることができない。
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 山の <u>ふもと</u>に車を止めて、そこから登りましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

ふもと (fumoto) specifically refers to the 'foot of a mountain' or 'base of a mountain'. Option 3, '山のふもとに車を止めて、そこから登りましょう。' (Let's park the car at the foot of the mountain and climb from there.), correctly uses ふもと in its primary meaning.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 明日、駅の <u>ふもと</u>で池田さんと会う約束をした。

You don't say 'foot of the station'. You would say 'in front of the station' (駅の前) or 'near the station' (駅の近く).

2) あのビルの <u>ふもと</u>に、 新しいお店ができるらしい。

You don't say 'foot of a building'. You would say 'at the base of the building' (ビルの下) or 'on the ground floor' (ビルの1階).

4) ドアの <u>ふもと</u>に猫がいて、 開けることができない。

You don't say 'foot of the door'. You would say 'at the bottom of the door' (ドアの下) or 'in front of the door' (ドアの前に).

Question 30

30. <u>定年</u>

1.1) 私の会社は60歳が<u>定年</u>なので、 あと半年で退職だ。 Correct
2.2) この乗り物は子ども向けのため、10歳が<u>定年</u>になっている。
3.3) この国では、<u>定年</u>の20歳になると選挙で投票することができる。
4.4) 犬の<u>定年</u>は一般的に10歳から15歳の間だといわれている。
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 私の会社は60歳が<u>定年</u>なので、 あと半年で退職だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

定年 (teinen) refers to the 'retirement age' in a company or organization. Option 1, '私の会社は60歳が定年なので、 あと半年で退職だ。' (My company's retirement age is 60, so I will retire in half a year.), correctly uses 定年 in this context.

Why other options are incorrect:
2) この乗り物は子ども向けのため、10歳が<u>定年</u>になっている。

定年 is not used for age limits for rides. You would use 制限年齢 (seigen nenrei: age limit) or 対象年齢 (taishō nenrei: target age).

3) この国では、<u>定年</u>の20歳になると選挙で投票することができる。

定年 is not used for the voting age. You would use 選挙権年齢 (senkyoken nenrei: voting age) or 成人年齢 (seijin nenrei: age of majority).

4) 犬の<u>定年</u>は一般的に10歳から15歳の間だといわれている。

定年 is not used for the lifespan or 'retirement' of animals. You would refer to their average lifespan (平均寿命: heikin jumyō).

問題7 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。

Question 31

31. 水泳教室に通い始めたころは、怖くて水に顔をつけること(  )できなかったが、今は 泳ぐのが大好きだ。

1.1) なら
2.2) ほど
3.3) さえ Correct
4.4) ばかり
Correct Answer: 3. 3) さえ
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

さえ (sae) means 'even'. It emphasizes that something is the minimum or an extreme case. '水に顔をつけることさえできなかった' means 'I couldn't even put my face in the water', highlighting the speaker's initial fear. The sentence means 'When I first started going to swimming lessons, I was so scared I couldn't even put my face in the water, but now I love swimming.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) なら

なら (nara) means 'if' or 'as for'. It doesn't fit the nuance of 'even'.

2) ほど

ほど (hodo) means 'to the extent that' or 'about'. While it can indicate degree, it doesn't carry the emphasis of 'even' in this negative context.

4) ばかり

ばかり (bakari) means 'only' or 'just'. It doesn't fit the nuance of 'even'.

Question 32

32. この作業はかなり大変なので、一日で終わらせるのは(  )無理だろう。

1.1) つい
2.2) まず Correct
3.3) たとえ
4.4) 今に
Correct Answer: 2. 2) まず
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

まず (mazu) means 'first of all' or 'hardly'/'almost certainly not' when used with a negative. In this context, 'まず無理だろう' means 'it's almost certainly impossible'. The sentence means 'This task is quite difficult, so it's almost certainly impossible to finish it in one day.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) つい

つい (tsui) means 'unintentionally' or 'just (recently)'. It doesn't fit the meaning of 'almost certainly impossible'.

3) たとえ

たとえ (tatoe) means 'even if'. It requires a conditional clause and doesn't fit here.

4) 今に

今に (ima ni) means 'soon' or 'before long'. It refers to future time, not likelihood.

Question 33

33. 母はいちごジャムを作るとき、いちご100グラム(  )80グラムの砂糖を使う。

1.1) に対して Correct
2.2) に関して
3.3) によって
4.4) にあたって
Correct Answer: 1. 1) に対して
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

に対して (ni taishite) means 'in contrast to' or 'for every'. In this context, it indicates a ratio: 'for every 100 grams of strawberries, 80 grams of sugar'. The sentence means 'When my mother makes strawberry jam, she uses 80 grams of sugar for every 100 grams of strawberries.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) に関して

に関して (ni kanshite) means 'regarding' or 'concerning'. It doesn't express a ratio.

3) によって

によって (ni yotte) means 'by' or 'depending on'. It doesn't express a ratio in this way.

4) にあたって

にあたって (ni atatte) means 'at the time of' or 'on the occasion of'. It refers to a specific timing, not a ratio.

Question 34

34. この図書館には、借りている本を全部(  )、ほかの本が借りられないという規則がある。

1.1) 返したすえに
2.2) 返したとはいえ
3.3) 返してはじめて
4.4) 返してからでないと Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 返してからでないと
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜てからでないと (te kara de nai to) means 'unless/until one does X, Y cannot happen'. It expresses a condition that must be met first. '返してからでないと' means 'unless you return them first'. The sentence means 'This library has a rule that you cannot borrow other books unless you return all the books you have borrowed.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 返したすえに

〜た末に (ta sue ni) means 'after (a long process), finally'. It implies a result after a long effort, not a prerequisite.

2) 返したとはいえ

〜たとはいえ (ta to wa ie) means 'although it is said that X, Y'. It expresses a concession, not a condition.

3) 返してはじめて

〜てはじめて (te hajimete) means 'only after doing X, Y happens for the first time'. It implies a new realization or ability, not a restriction.

Question 35

35. タクシー会社を経営する青山氏は、インタビューで「お客様から感謝の言葉を(  )、人の役に立つ喜びを感じます。」と語った。

1.1) いただくよう
2.2) さしあげるよう
3.3) いただくたび Correct
4.4) さしあげるたび
Correct Answer: 3. 3) いただくたび
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

いただく (itadaku) is the humble form of もらう (morau), meaning 'to receive'. 〜たび (tabi) means 'every time' or 'whenever'. So, 'いただくたび' means 'every time I receive'. This fits the context of receiving words of gratitude from customers. The sentence means 'Mr. Aoyama, who manages a taxi company, said in an interview, "Every time I receive words of gratitude from customers, I feel the joy of being useful to people."

Why other options are incorrect:
1) いただくよう

〜よう (yō) means 'so that' or 'in order to'. 'いただくよう' would mean 'so that I receive', which doesn't fit the 'every time' nuance.

2) さしあげるよう

さしあげる (sashiageru) is the humble form of あげる (ageru), meaning 'to give'. This would mean 'every time I give', which is incorrect as the speaker is receiving gratitude.

4) さしあげるたび

さしあげる (sashiageru) is the humble form of あげる (ageru), meaning 'to give'. This would mean 'every time I give', which is incorrect as the speaker is receiving gratitude.

Question 36

36. 妻は息子にどうしてもピアノを習わせたいと言っているが、私は本人が(  )無理にさせなくてもいいと思っている。

1.1) やらされないのなら
2.2) やりたがらないのなら Correct
3.3) やってほしくないのに
4.4) やってもはじまらないのに
Correct Answer: 2. 2) やりたがらないのなら
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜たがらない (tagaranai) indicates that someone does not show a desire to do something. 'やりたがらないのなら' means 'if he doesn't want to do it'. This fits the context of not forcing a child to do something they don't want to. The sentence means 'My wife says she really wants our son to learn piano, but I think if he doesn't want to do it, we don't have to force him.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) やらされないのなら

やらされない (yarasarenai) is the negative passive form of やる (yaru), meaning 'not made to do'. 'If he is not made to do it' doesn't fit the nuance of his own desire.

3) やってほしくないのに

〜てほしくない (te hoshikunai) means 'don't want someone to do'. 'やってほしくないのに' means 'even though I don't want him to do it', which doesn't fit the context of the son's desire.

4) やってもはじまらないのに

やってもはじまらない (yatte mo hajimaranai) means 'there's no point in doing it'. This doesn't fit the context of the son's desire.

Question 37

37. この研究を始めたころは、そんなことを研究して意味が(  )批判的な意見も多かったが、最近少しずつ認めてもらえるようになってきた。

1.1) あるというような
2.2) あるのかというような Correct
3.3) あるということの
4.4) あるのかということの
Correct Answer: 2. 2) あるのかというような
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜のかというような (no ka to iu yō na) expresses a rhetorical question or doubt, meaning 'as if there is (no) meaning' or 'wondering if there is (any) meaning'. This fits the context of critical opinions questioning the meaning of the research. The sentence means 'When I started this research, there were many critical opinions, wondering if there was any meaning in researching such a thing, but recently it has gradually started to be recognized.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) あるというような

あるというような (aru to iu yō na) means 'as if there is'. This implies a positive statement, not a critical question.

3) あるということの

あるということの (aru to iu koto no) means 'of the fact that there is'. This is a factual statement, not a critical question.

4) あるのかということの

あるのかということの (aru no ka to iu koto no) means 'of the fact of wondering if there is'. While it contains the question, the の at the end makes it grammatically awkward in this context.

Question 38

38. 腕のけがはまだ完全に(  )が、日常生活には困らなくなった。

1.1) 治りようがない
2.2) 治らないでもない
3.3) 治ったにすぎない
4.4) 治ったわけではない Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 治ったわけではない
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜わけではない (wake de wa nai) means 'it's not that...' or 'it doesn't mean that...'. It indicates that something is not entirely true or is not the only reason. '完全に治ったわけではない' means 'it's not that it has completely healed'. This fits the context of the injury not being fully recovered but no longer causing daily problems. The sentence means 'My arm injury hasn't completely healed yet, but it no longer causes problems in daily life.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 治りようがない

〜ようがない (yō ga nai) means 'there's no way to...'. '治りようがない' would mean 'there's no way it can heal', which contradicts the latter part of the sentence.

2) 治らないでもない

〜ないでもない (nai demo nai) means 'it's not impossible to...' or 'it's not that it won't...'. '治らないでもない' would mean 'it's not that it won't heal', which is a double negative implying it *can* heal, but doesn't fit the current state.

3) 治ったにすぎない

〜にすぎない (ni suginai) means 'nothing more than' or 'merely'. '治ったにすぎない' would mean 'it has merely healed', which doesn't fit the nuance of not being *completely* healed.

Question 39

39. 私は20年前に初めて富士山に登った。 山頂に立ったときの感動は今でも(  )。

1.1) 忘れがたい Correct
2.2) 忘れかけている
3.3) 忘れないといい
4.4) 忘れるおそれがある
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 忘れがたい
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜がたい (gatai) means 'difficult to do' or 'hard to do'. '忘れがたい' means 'hard to forget' or 'unforgettable'. This fits the context of a strong, lasting impression. The sentence means 'I climbed Mt. Fuji for the first time 20 years ago. The emotion I felt when I stood on the summit is still unforgettable.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 忘れかけている

忘れかける (wasurekakeru) means 'to be about to forget' or 'to be starting to forget'. This contradicts the idea of a lasting impression.

3) 忘れないといい

忘れないといい (wasurenai to ii) means 'I hope I don't forget'. This expresses a wish, not a statement about the memory's nature.

4) 忘れるおそれがある

忘れるおそれがある (wasureru osore ga aru) means 'there is a risk of forgetting'. This also contradicts the idea of an unforgettable memory.

Question 40

40. 洗濯機に入れるときに気づいたからよかったが、 もう少しで大事な領収書をズボンのポケットに入れたまま(  )。

1.1) 洗濯したようだ
2.2) 洗濯するつもりだった
3.3) 洗濯したせいだ
4.4) 洗するところだった Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) 洗するところだった
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜ところだった (tokoro datta) means 'was just about to do X (but didn't)'. It implies a near miss or narrowly avoiding something. '洗濯するところだった' means 'I was just about to wash it'. The sentence means 'It was good that I noticed it when I put it in the washing machine, but I was just about to wash the important receipt with it still in my pants pocket.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 洗濯したようだ

〜ようだ (yō da) means 'it seems that'. '洗濯したようだ' would mean 'it seems I washed it', which implies it *was* washed, contradicting the first part of the sentence.

2) 洗濯するつもりだった

〜つもりだった (tsumori datta) means 'I intended to'. This doesn't fit the nuance of an accidental near miss.

3) 洗濯したせいだ

〜せいだ (sei da) means 'it's because of'. '洗濯したせいだ' would mean 'it's because I washed it', which implies it *was* washed.

Question 41

41. 毎晩私は、5歳の娘が寝る前にベッドで本を読んでやるのだが、 読んでいるうちに自分のほうが(  )。

1.1) 寝てしまうことがある Correct
2.2) 寝ておくことがある
3.3) 寝てしまうことにする
4.4) 寝ておくことにする
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 寝てしまうことがある
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜てしまう (te shimau) indicates an unintended or regrettable action, or completion. '寝てしまう' means 'to accidentally fall asleep'. '〜ことがある' (koto ga aru) means 'there are times when'. So, '寝てしまうことがある' means 'there are times when I accidentally fall asleep'. This is a common occurrence when reading to a child. The sentence means 'Every night, I read a book to my 5-year-old daughter in bed before she sleeps, but sometimes I end up falling asleep myself while reading.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 寝ておくことがある

〜ておく (te oku) means 'to do something in advance' or 'to leave something as is'. '寝ておく' would mean 'to sleep in advance' or 'to leave myself sleeping', which doesn't fit the context of accidentally falling asleep.

3) 寝てしまうことにする

〜ことにする (koto ni suru) means 'to decide to do'. '寝てしまうことにする' would mean 'I decide to accidentally fall asleep', which is illogical.

4) 寝ておくことにする

〜ことにする (koto ni suru) means 'to decide to do'. '寝ておくことにする' would mean 'I decide to sleep in advance', which is illogical.

Question 42

42. 社長として、社員全員が仕事に満足できる環境を整えたい。それは単なる理想(  )。いや、私は理想ではなく必ず実現できると信じている。

1.1) でしかないはずだ
2.2) でなくてはいけないはずだ
3.3) でしかないのだろうか Correct
4.4) でなくてはいけないのろうか
Correct Answer: 3. 3) でしかないのだろうか
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

〜でしかない (de shika nai) means 'nothing more than' or 'merely'. 〜のだろうか (no darō ka) is a rhetorical question asking 'I wonder if it is...'. The combination 'でしかないのだろうか' means 'I wonder if it's merely...'. This fits the speaker's internal monologue, questioning if their goal is just an unattainable ideal, before asserting their belief in its realization. The sentence means 'As president, I want to create an environment where all employees can be satisfied with their work. Is that merely an ideal? No, I believe it's not just an ideal but something that can definitely be achieved.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) でしかないはずだ

〜はずだ (hazu da) means 'it should be' or 'it is expected to be'. 'でしかないはずだ' would mean 'it should be nothing more than', which is a definitive statement, not a question the speaker then refutes.

2) でなくてはいけないはずだ

〜なくてはいけない (nakute wa ikenai) means 'must not be'. 'でなくてはいけないはずだ' would mean 'it should not be', which doesn't fit the context of questioning if it's *just* an ideal.

4) でなくてはいけないのろうか

This option contains a grammatical error (のろうか instead of のだろうか) and doesn't fit the meaning.

問題8 次の文の_★_に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。

Question 43

43. 長く使っている電子レンジが壊れてしまった。 古いものだし、修理に___ ___ _★_ ___ 買い替えたほうがいいかもしれない。

1.1) もう
2.2) 考えると Correct
3.3) かかる
4.4) 費用を
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 考えると
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct order is: 修理に (かかる) (費用を) (考えると) (もう). The phrase '修理にかかる費用を考えると' means 'considering the cost required for repairs'. The full sentence becomes '長く使っている電子レンジが壊れてしまった。古いものだし、修理にかかる費用を考えると、もう買い替えたほうがいいかもしれない。' (The microwave oven I've been using for a long time broke down. Since it's old, considering the cost of repairs, it might be better to just buy a new one.)

Why other options are incorrect:
1) もう

This word comes at the end of the phrase, before the main verb.

3) かかる

This verb comes before 費用を.

4) 費用を

This noun phrase comes before 考えると.

Question 44

44. 娘「今度のスピーチコンテスト、参加しようかなあ。 でも、自信ないなあ。」<br>母「チャレンジ___ ___ _★_ ___ ?いい経験になると思うよ。」

1.1) だけ
2.2) みたら
3.3) する
4.4) して Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) して
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct order is: チャレンジ (する) (だけ) (して) (みたら). The phrase 'チャレンジするだけしてみたら' means 'Why don't you just try challenging yourself?'. The full sentence becomes '娘「今度のスピーチコンテスト、参加しようかなあ。でも、自信ないなあ。」母「チャレンジするだけしてみたら?いい経験になると思うよ。」' (Daughter: 'I wonder if I should participate in the next speech contest. But I don't have confidence.' Mother: 'Why don't you just try challenging yourself? I think it will be a good experience.')

Why other options are incorrect:
1) だけ

This word comes after する.

2) みたら

This word comes at the very end of the phrase.

3) する

This verb comes at the beginning of the phrase.

Question 45

45. このドレスを着ると、___ ___ _★_ ___ 気分になる。

1.1) 映画か何かに
2.2) なったような
3.3) 出てくる
4.4) お姫様にでも Correct
Correct Answer: 4. 4) お姫様にでも
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct order is: 映画か何かに (出てくる) (お姫様にでも) (なったような). The phrase '映画か何かに出てくるお姫様にでもなったような' means 'like I've become a princess from a movie or something'. The full sentence becomes 'このドレスを着ると、映画か何かに出てくるお姫様にでもなったような気分になる。' (When I wear this dress, I feel like I've become a princess from a movie or something.)

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 映画か何かに

This phrase comes at the beginning of the sequence.

2) なったような

This phrase comes at the very end of the sequence.

3) 出てくる

This verb comes after 映画か何かに.

Question 46

46. 昨日は「母の日」だったので、いつもおいしいお弁当を___ ___ _★_ ___ 母が欲しがっていたアクセサリーをプレゼントした。

1.1) 感謝の Correct
2.2) 作ってくれて
3.3) ありがとうという
4.4) 気持ちを込めて
Correct Answer: 1. 1) 感謝の
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct order is: 作ってくれて (ありがとうという) (感謝の) (気持ちを込めて). The phrase '作ってくれてありがとうという感謝の気持ちを込めて' means 'with a feeling of gratitude saying thank you for always making delicious bentos'. The full sentence becomes '昨日は「母の日」だったので、いつもおいしいお弁当を作ってくれてありがとうという感謝の気持ちを込めて、母が欲しがっていたアクセサリーをプレゼントした。' (Yesterday was Mother's Day, so with a feeling of gratitude saying thank you for always making delicious bentos, I gave my mother the accessory she wanted as a present.)

Why other options are incorrect:
2) 作ってくれて

This phrase comes at the beginning of the sequence.

3) ありがとうという

This phrase comes after 作ってくれて.

4) 気持ちを込めて

This phrase comes at the very end of the sequence.

Question 47

47. 学生時代は、周りの人から、無理して人に合わせようと___ ___ _★_ ___ することが多かった。

1.1) 言えずに
2.2) 気にするあまり
3.3) 自分の本当の気持ちを Correct
4.4) 自分がどう思われているかを
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 自分の本当の気持ちを
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The correct order is: 自分がどう思われているかを (気にするあまり) (自分の本当の気持ちを) (言えずに). The phrase '自分がどう思われているかを気にするあまり自分の本当の気持ちを言えずに' means 'being too concerned about what others thought of me, I couldn't express my true feelings'. The full sentence becomes '学生時代は、周りの人から、自分がどう思われているかを気にするあまり自分の本当の気持ちを言えずに、無理して人に合わせようとすることが多かった。' (During my student days, I often tried to force myself to fit in with others, being too concerned about what they thought of me and unable to express my true feelings.)

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 言えずに

This phrase comes at the very end of the sequence.

2) 気にするあまり

This phrase comes after 自分がどう思われているかを.

4) 自分がどう思われているかを

This phrase comes at the beginning of the sequence.

問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、( 48 )から( 51 )の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4・から一つ選びなさい。

Reading Passage

以下は、留学生の作文である。

農業ボランティア
ゴメス フランシスコ

半年前、 私は友達に誘われて、 働き手が足りない農家を手伝う 「農業ボランティア」を 始めた。 過去にごみ拾いなどのボランティアはしたことがあったが、 農業ボランティアの ことは友達に聞くまで知らなかった。 私は日本でいろいろな経験をしたいと思っていたの で、参加することにした。

わたしが手伝っているのは南さんという農家だ。 40代の夫婦がトマトやキャベツなど、いろいろな野菜を作っている。 農作業は初めての経験だったが、 農業は想像していた以上に知識や経験が必要だと感じた。【48】 、収穫のタイミングは、成長の具合や天気予報をもと に、いつかいいかを判断しなければならない。 また、 トマトなどは成長の段階に応じて与える水の量を変えないとしっかり育たない。 体力 【49】 必要で、 農業は本当に大変な仕事だ。

収穫したばかりのトマトを初めて食べさせてもらったときはあまりおいしくて【50】。収穫したときの達成感や大切に育てた野菜を味わう喜びは、このボランティアに参加しなければ感じられなかっただろう。

農業として役に立てたことが嬉しかったし、 多くの貴重な経験をすることがきます。
【51】 本当に良かったと思う。
English Summary & Annotations
This is an essay by an international student, Francisco Gomez, about his experience with 'Agricultural Volunteer' (農業ボランティア: nōgyō borantia). Six months ago, he was invited by a friend to help farmers who lacked workers. He had done other volunteer work before, like trash collection, but didn't know about agricultural volunteering until his friend told him. Wanting to experience various things in Japan, he decided to participate. He is helping a farmer named Minami, a couple in their 40s who grow various vegetables like tomatoes and cabbage. Although it was his first time doing farm work (農作業: nōgyō sagyō), he realized that agriculture requires more knowledge and experience than he had imagined. For example, the timing of harvesting (収穫のタイミング: shūkaku no taimingu) must be judged based on the growth condition (成長の具合: seichō no guai) and weather forecasts. Also, for crops like tomatoes, the amount of water given must be changed according to the growth stage (成長の段階: seichō no dankai) for them to grow properly. Physical strength (体力: tairyoku) is also necessary, making agriculture a truly difficult job. When he first ate freshly harvested tomatoes, they were so delicious that he was deeply moved. He realized that the sense of accomplishment (達成感: tasseikan) from harvesting and the joy of tasting carefully grown vegetables (大切に育てた野菜: taisetsu ni sodateta yasai) would not have been felt if he hadn't participated in this volunteer work. He was happy to be useful in agriculture and gained many valuable experiences. Therefore, he truly thinks it was a good decision to try it.
Question 48

【48 】

1.1) 一方
2.2) そして
3.3) 例えば Correct
4.4) ただし
Correct Answer: 3. 3) 例えば
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The sentence before the blank states that agriculture requires more knowledge and experience than imagined. The sentences after the blank provide specific examples of this, such as judging harvest timing and adjusting water amounts. Therefore, 例えば (tatoeba), meaning 'for example', is the most appropriate connector.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 一方

一方 (ippō) means 'on the other hand' or 'while'. It's used to introduce a contrasting or parallel point, which doesn't fit here.

2) そして

そして (soshite) means 'and then' or 'and'. It connects sequential events or adds another point, but 'for example' is more precise given the following details.

4) ただし

ただし (tadashi) means 'however' or 'but'. It introduces a condition or exception, which doesn't fit the context of providing examples.

Question 49

【49 】

1.1) だけ
2.2) も Correct
3.3) は
4.4) こそ
Correct Answer: 2. 2) も
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The sentence states that knowledge and experience are necessary, and then adds that physical strength is *also* necessary. The particle も (mo) means 'also' or 'too', indicating an additional requirement. So, '体力も必要で' means 'physical strength is also necessary'.

Why other options are incorrect:
1) だけ

だけ (dake) means 'only'. '体力だけ必要で' would mean 'only physical strength is necessary', which contradicts the previous statement about knowledge and experience.

3) は

は (wa) is a topic marker. While grammatically possible, it doesn't convey the nuance of 'also' or 'in addition to' that is implied by the preceding sentences.

4) こそ

こそ (koso) is an emphatic particle, meaning 'precisely' or 'for sure'. '体力こそ必要で' would emphasize physical strength as the *most* important thing, which is not the intended meaning.

Question 50

【50 】

1.1) 感動したことだ
2.2) 感動していた Correct
3.3) 感動したはずだ
4.4) 感動してしまった
Correct Answer: 2. 2) 感動していた
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The phrase 'あまりおいしくて' means 'it was so delicious that...'. This is followed by a description of the speaker's emotional state. '感動していた' (kandō shite ita) means 'I was moved/impressed'. The 〜ていた form indicates a continuous state or a state resulting from an action. This fits the feeling of being deeply moved by the taste. The sentence means 'When I first ate the freshly harvested tomatoes, they were so delicious that I was deeply moved.'

Why other options are incorrect:
1) 感動したことだ

〜ことだ (koto da) is used for giving advice or stating a general truth. It doesn't fit the description of a personal emotional reaction in the past.

3) 感動したはずだ

〜はずだ (hazu da) means 'it should have been' or 'it was supposed to be'. It expresses expectation or certainty, not a direct description of one's own past feeling.

4) 感動してしまった

〜てしまった (te shimatta) indicates completion, or an unintended/regrettable action. While '感動してしまった' (I ended up being moved) is grammatically possible, '感動していた' (I was moved) better describes the state of being impressed by the taste.

Question 51

【51 】

1.1) やってみて Correct
2.2) やってみても
3.3) やってみたら
4.4) やってみたから
Correct Answer: 1. 1) やってみて
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:

The sentence structure is '〜て、本当に良かったと思う' (te, hontō ni yokatta to omou), meaning 'I did X, and I truly think it was good'. The 〜て form connects the action of 'trying it out' (やってみる: yatte miru) with the positive feeling of 'it was good'. So, 'やってみて' means 'having tried it'. The full sentence means 'I was happy to be useful in agriculture and gained many valuable experiences. Having tried it, I truly think it was a good decision.'

Why other options are incorrect:
2) やってみても

〜ても (te mo) means 'even if'. 'やってみても良かった' would mean 'even if I tried it, it was good', which doesn't fit the positive conclusion.

3) やってみたら

〜たら (tara) means 'if/when I tried'. While it can express a result, the 〜て form (やってみて) is more natural for connecting an action to a subsequent feeling or realization.

4) やってみたから

〜たから (takara) means 'because I tried'. While it expresses a reason, the nuance of 'having tried it, and as a result, it was good' is better captured by the 〜て form.