JLPT Test N3 12/2014
文字、語彙
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問題 1 _____の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、 1,2, 3, 4から一つ 選びなさい。
鈴木さんの<u>横</u>にいるのは誰ですか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 横 is よこ, meaning 'side, horizontal'. The sentence means: 'Who is next to Mr. Suzuki?'
Why other options are incorrect:
'そば' means 'near' or 'beside', but '横' specifically refers to the side or horizontal direction.
'となり' means 'next to', which is similar but '横' is the direct reading.
'おく' means 'back' or 'inner part'.
この辺りの<u>自然</u>はとても美しい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 自然 is しぜん, meaning 'nature'. The sentence means: 'The nature around here is very beautiful.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 自然.
This is an incorrect reading for 自然.
This is an incorrect reading for 自然.
すぐに<u>替えて</u>もらえませんか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 替えて is かえて, meaning 'to change, to replace'. The sentence means: 'Could you change it immediately?'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 伝えて (tsutaete), meaning 'to convey'.
This is the reading for 加えて (kuwaete), meaning 'to add'.
This is the reading for 捕まえて (tsukamaete), meaning 'to catch'.
このロボットには、さまざまな技術が<u>応用</u>されています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 応用 is おうよう, meaning 'application, practical use'. The sentence means: 'Various technologies are applied in this robot.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 引用 (inyou), meaning 'quotation'.
This is an incorrect reading for 応用.
This is the reading for 信用 (shinyou), meaning 'trust' or 'credit'.
それはあまり<u>一般的</u>とは言えないだろう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 一般的 is いっぱんてき, meaning 'general, common, typical'. The sentence means: 'That probably cannot be said to be very common.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading. The '一' in '一般' is read as 'いっ'.
This is an incorrect reading.
This is the reading for 一遍 (ippen), meaning 'once' or 'one time', not '一般的'.
それでは<u>検査</u>を始めましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 検査 is けんさ, meaning 'inspection, examination'. The sentence means: 'Well then, let's start the inspection.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 監査 (kansa), meaning 'audit'.
This is the reading for 観察 (kansatsu), meaning 'observation'.
This is the reading for 検察 (kensatsu), meaning 'prosecution'.
もう少し<u>厚い</u>ほうがいいですね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 厚い is あつい, meaning 'thick'. The sentence means: 'It would be better if it were a little thicker.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 薄い (usui), meaning 'thin'.
This is the reading for 甘い (amai), meaning 'sweet'.
This is the reading for 辛い (karai), meaning 'spicy'.
ゆっくり<u>呼吸</u>をしてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct reading for 呼吸 is こきゅう, meaning 'breath, respiration'. The sentence means: 'Please breathe slowly.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 呼吸.
This is the reading for 故郷 (kokyou), meaning 'hometown'.
This is an incorrect reading for 呼吸.
問題 2 ______のことばを漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを、 1,2, 3, 4か ら一つえらびなさい。
この場所に<u>ちゅうしゃ</u>してはいけません。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct kanji for ちゅうしゃ is 駐車, meaning 'parking'. The sentence means: 'You must not park in this place.'
Why other options are incorrect:
駅 (eki) means station, not related to parking.
停車 (teisha) means 'stopping (of a vehicle)', which is similar but 駐車 (chūsha) specifically means 'parking'.
亭 (tei) is not the correct kanji for parking.
事務所が新しいビルに<u>うつりました</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct kanji for うつりました is 移りました, meaning 'moved (from 移る)'. The sentence means: 'The office moved to a new building.'
Why other options are incorrect:
着る (kiru) means 'to wear'.
到る (itaru) means 'to arrive at'.
動く (ugoku) means 'to move', but 移る (utsuru) is specifically for moving location.
初めて日本の<u>おんせん</u>に行きました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct kanji for おんせん is 温泉, meaning 'hot spring'. The sentence means: 'I went to a Japanese hot spring for the first time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
While 湯 (yu) means hot water, 温泉 is the correct compound for hot spring.
池 (ike) means pond, not spring.
Incorrect combination of kanji.
外国の<u>ざっし</u>を買ってきました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct kanji for ざっし is 雑誌, meaning 'magazine'. The sentence means: 'I bought a foreign magazine.'
Why other options are incorrect:
稚 (chi) means immature, not related to magazine.
稚 (chi) means immature, not related to magazine.
志 (shi) means will/aim, not the correct kanji for magazine.
ときどき母の料理が<u>こいしく</u>なります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct kanji for こいしく is 恋しく, meaning 'long for, miss (from 恋しい)'. The sentence means: 'Sometimes I miss my mother's cooking.'
Why other options are incorrect:
愛しい (itoshii) means 'dear' or 'beloved', but 恋しい (koishii) specifically means 'to miss' or 'long for'.
親しい (shitashii) means 'intimate' or 'familiar'.
好ましい (konomashii) means 'likable' or 'desirable'.
その話が正しいと<u>かてい</u>してみましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The correct kanji for かてい is 仮定, meaning 'assumption, hypothesis'. The sentence means: 'Let's assume that story is correct.'
Why other options are incorrect:
科 (ka) means department/course, not correct for assumption.
課 (ka) means lesson/section, not correct for assumption.
化 (ka) means change/transform, not correct for assumption.
問題 3 ( ) に入れるのに最もよいものを、 1,2, 3, 4から一つえらびな さい。
私たちの（ ）は、今度の大会で1位になることです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
目標 (mokuhyou) means 'goal' or 'target'. The sentence means 'Our goal is to win first place in the upcoming competition.'
Why other options are incorrect:
予報 (yohou) means 'forecast' or 'prediction', which does not fit the context of achieving a goal.
効果 (kouka) means 'effect' or 'result', which is not suitable for describing what 'our' is.
完成 (kansei) means 'completion' or 'perfection', which doesn't fit the context of a future aim.
ゆうべ、寝ていたとき、大きな音がして目が（ ）。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
目が覚めた (me ga sameta) means 'woke up'. The sentence describes waking up due to a loud noise.
Why other options are incorrect:
驚いた (odoroita) means 'was surprised', which describes an emotion, not the act of waking up.
感じた (kanjita) means 'felt', which is too general and doesn't specifically mean waking up.
気付いた (kizuita) means 'noticed' or 'realized', which implies becoming aware of something, not necessarily waking up from sleep.
今度のレポートは、環境問題という（ ）で書こうと思います。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
テーマ (teema) means 'theme' or 'topic'. The sentence means 'I plan to write this report on the theme of environmental issues.'
Why other options are incorrect:
プログラム (puroguramu) means 'program', which is not suitable for describing the subject of a report.
ヒント (hinto) means 'hint' or 'tip', which doesn't fit the context of a report's subject.
インフォメーション (infomeeshon) means 'information', which is too broad and doesn't specify the central subject.
袋の底に（ ）があいていたので、入れたお菓子がいくつか落ちてしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
穴 (ana) means 'hole'. The sentence describes sweets falling out because there was a hole in the bag.
Why other options are incorrect:
傷 (kizu) means 'wound' or 'scratch', which is not typically found at the bottom of a bag causing things to fall out.
けが (kega) means 'injury', which is irrelevant to a bag.
汚れ (yogore) means 'dirt' or 'stain', which would not cause items to fall out.
今度の旅行は、交通費が 5,000円で、ホテル代が 10,000円なので、（ ） 15,000円かかります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
合計 (goukei) means 'total' or 'sum'. The sentence calculates the total cost of the trip.
Why other options are incorrect:
共通 (kyoutsuu) means 'common' or 'shared', which is not related to a sum.
全体 (zentai) means 'whole' or 'entirety', which refers to the whole amount but '合計' is more specific for a sum.
集中 (shuuchuu) means 'concentration' or 'focus', which is irrelevant to calculating costs.
今日は絶対に優勝したかったのに、負けてしまってとても（ ）です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
くやしい (kuyashii) means 'frustrating' or 'regrettable'. It expresses strong regret or vexation over a failure.
Why other options are incorrect:
くさい (kusai) means 'smelly' or 'suspicious', which is unrelated to the feeling of losing.
うるさい (urusai) means 'noisy' or 'annoying', which is unrelated to the feeling of losing.
こわい (kowai) means 'scary' or 'frightening', which is unrelated to the feeling of losing.
さっき机の角に手を（ ）しまい、今も少し痛いです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ぶつけて (butsukete) means 'hit' or 'bumped'. It describes hitting one's hand on the corner of a desk.
Why other options are incorrect:
振って (futte) means 'shook' or 'waved', which doesn't fit the context of hitting a hand on a corner.
握って (nigitte) means 'grasped' or 'held', which is unrelated to bumping into something.
重ねて (kasanete) means 'stacked' or 'repeated', which is unrelated to bumping into something.
部屋の中に、いすを1メートル（ ）で並べてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
間隔 (kankaku) means 'interval' or 'space'. The sentence asks to arrange chairs with a 1-meter interval.
Why other options are incorrect:
順番 (junban) means 'order' or 'turn', which is about sequence, not spacing.
方向 (houkou) means 'direction', which is irrelevant to the distance between chairs.
位置 (ichi) means 'position' or 'location', which is about where something is, not the space between things.
わたしは、みんなの前で意見を言うときに緊張すると、つい鼻を触ってしまう （ ）があります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
くせ (kuse) means 'habit'. The sentence describes a habit of touching one's nose when nervous.
Why other options are incorrect:
決まり (kimari) means 'rule' or 'decision', which is too formal for a personal habit.
かたち (katachi) means 'shape' or 'form', which is unrelated to a personal habit.
続き (tsuzuki) means 'continuation' or 'sequel', which is unrelated to a personal habit.
風邪をひいて、高い熱があるので、体が（ ）します。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ふらふら (furafura) is an onomatopoeic word meaning 'dizzy' or 'unsteady'. It describes the feeling of being unwell with a fever.
Why other options are incorrect:
ばらばら (barabara) means 'scattered' or 'disjointed', which is unrelated to physical sensation.
からから (karakara) means 'dry' or 'rattling', which is unrelated to fever symptoms.
ぺらぺら (perapera) means 'fluent' (for language) or 'flimsy', which is unrelated to physical sensation.
来週の日曜日はスピーチ大会です。大会の（ ）は、朝 10時に会場に来てくださ い。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
当日 (toujitsu) means 'the day itself' or 'the day of the event'. It refers to the day of the speech contest.
Why other options are incorrect:
平日 (heijitsu) means 'weekday', which is not specific to the event day.
本日 (honjitsu) means 'today', which is not necessarily the day of the event.
先日 (senjitsu) means 'the other day' or 'a few days ago', referring to a past day.
問題 4 ______に意味が最も近いものを、 1,2, 3, 4から一つえらびなさい。
この仕事は<u>きつい</u>です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word 'きつい' means 'tough, hard, severe'. The closest meaning among the options is '大変 (taihen) - difficult, tough'.
Why other options are incorrect:
簡単 (kantan) means 'easy', which is the opposite of きつい.
つまらない (tsumaranai) means 'boring' or 'uninteresting', which is unrelated to the difficulty of work.
楽しい (tanoshii) means 'fun' or 'enjoyable', which is the opposite of きつい.
それはいい<u>案</u>ですね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word '案' means 'idea, plan, proposal'. The closest meaning among the options is 'アイデア (aidea) - idea'.
Why other options are incorrect:
チャンス (chansu) means 'chance' or 'opportunity'.
サービス (saabisu) means 'service'.
ニュース (nyuusu) means 'news'.
昨日は本当に<u>くたびれた</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word 'くたびれた' means 'exhausted, tired'. The closest meaning among the options is '疲れた (tsukareta) - tired'.
Why other options are incorrect:
困った (komatta) means 'troubled' or 'in difficulty'.
眠かった (nemukatta) means 'was sleepy'.
恥ずかしかった (hazukashikatta) means 'was embarrassed'.
荷物の重さは、<u>約 10キロ</u>でした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word '約 10キロ' means 'approximately 10 kg'. The closest meaning among the options is 'だいたい10キロ (daitai 10 kiro) - about 10 kg'.
Why other options are incorrect:
10キロ以上 (10 kiro ijou) means '10 kg or more'.
10キロ以下 (10 kiro ika) means '10 kg or less'.
ちょうど10キロ (choudo 10 kiro) means 'exactly 10 kg'.
山田さんはこの機械の使い方を<u>指導</u>しています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word '指導' means 'guidance, instruction, leadership'. The closest meaning among the options is '教えています (oshieteimasu) - teaching'.
Why other options are incorrect:
考えています (kangaeteimasu) means 'thinking'.
習っています (narateimasu) means 'learning'.
調べています (shirabeteimasu) means 'investigating'.
問題 5 つぎのことばの使い方として最もよいものを、 1,2, 3, 4から一 つえらびなさい。
たまる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word 'たまる' means 'to accumulate, to pile up (e.g., money, dust, stress)'. The correct sentence is '2) もう少しお金が<u>たまったら</u>、旅行に行こうと思います。' because it uses 'たまる' in its appropriate context.
Why other options are incorrect:
This usage of たまる (tamaru) implies gathering or collecting, but for people gathering, 集まる (atsumaru) is more natural. たまる is typically used for things accumulating.
人気がたまる is incorrect. For popularity, 人気が出る (ninki ga deru - popularity emerges) or 人気を集める (ninki wo atsumeru - to gather popularity) would be used.
店がたまる is incorrect. For shops gathering, 店が集まる (mise ga atsumaru) or 店が増える (mise ga fueru - shops increase) would be used.
縮小
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word '縮小' means 'reduction, shrinkage (e.g., of size, scale, budget)'. The correct sentence is '3) この写真はちょっと大きいので、コピーするときに少し<u>縮小</u>してください。' because it uses '縮小' in its appropriate context.
Why other options are incorrect:
声を縮小 is incorrect. For reducing voice volume, 声を小さくする (koe wo chiisaku suru - to make voice smaller) or 声を抑える (koe wo osaeru - to suppress voice) would be used.
消しゴムが縮小 is incorrect. For an eraser getting smaller, 消しゴムが小さくなる (keshigomu ga chiisaku naru) or 減る (heru - to decrease) would be used.
興味が縮小 is incorrect. For interest decreasing, 興味が薄れる (kyoumi ga usureru - interest fades) or 興味がなくなる (kyoumi ga nakunaru - interest disappears) would be used.
制限
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word '制限' means 'restriction, limit (e.g., speed limit, age limit, capacity limit)'. The correct sentence is '1) 安全のため、この乗り物に乗れる人数には10人までという<u>制限</u>があります。' because it uses '制限' in its appropriate context.
Why other options are incorrect:
宿題の制限 is incorrect. For homework deadline, 宿題の締め切り (shukudai no shimekiri - homework deadline) or 期限 (kigen - deadline) would be used.
体力の制限 is incorrect. For physical limits, 体力の限界 (tairyoku no genkai - physical limit) would be used.
日本語の制限 is incorrect. For language limitations, 日本語の能力に限りがある (Nihongo no nouryoku ni kagiri ga aru - limited Japanese ability) or 日本語が不自由 (Nihongo ga fujiyuu - Japanese is not fluent) would be used.
話しかける
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word '話しかける' means 'to speak to, to address (someone)'. The correct sentence is '2) 外国を旅行したとき、列車の中で近くの人にその国の言葉で<u>話しかけてみた</u>。' because it uses '話しかける' in its appropriate context.
Why other options are incorrect:
名前と予約番号を話しかける is incorrect. For stating name/number, 名前と予約番号を伝える (namae to yoyaku bangou wo tsutaeru - to tell name and reservation number) would be used.
予定について話しかける is incorrect. For talking about plans, 予定について話します (yotei ni tsuite hanashimasu - to talk about plans) would be used.
びっくりしたことを話しかける is incorrect. For having someone talk about something, びっくりしたことを話してもらった (bikkuri shita koto wo hanashite moratta - had them talk about surprising things) would be used.
離す
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The word '離す' means 'to separate, to move away, to release (something from something else)'. The correct sentence is '4) その容器は燃えやすいので、火からもっと<u>離して</u>置いてください。' because it uses '離す' in its appropriate context.
Why other options are incorrect:
電球を離す is incorrect. For removing a light bulb, 電球を外す (denkyuu wo hazusu - to remove a light bulb) would be used.
腕時計を離す is incorrect. For taking off a watch, 腕時計を外す (udedokei wo hazusu - to take off a watch) would be used.
ゴミを離す is incorrect. For removing trash with a vacuum cleaner, ゴミを吸い取る (gomi wo suitoru - to suck up trash) or ゴミを取る (gomi wo toru - to remove trash) would be used.