2014/07 JLPT N3 Letters and Vocabulary test
問題1 のことばの読み方として最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
1. この町は、昔から<u>商業</u>が盛んだった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
商業 (しょうぎょう) is the correct reading for the kanji 商業, which means 'commerce' or 'trade'. The sentence means 'This town has been prosperous in commerce since ancient times.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 産業 (さんぎょう), meaning 'industry'.
This is not a standard reading for 商業.
This is the reading for 残業 (ざんぎょう), meaning 'overtime work'.
2. メールアドレスは<u>覚えて</u>いません。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
覚えて (おぼえて) is the correct reading for the kanji 覚える, which means 'to remember'. The sentence means 'I don't remember my email address.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 教えて (おしえて), meaning 'to teach' or 'to tell'.
This is the reading for 変えて (かえて), meaning 'to change', or 替えて/換えて (かえて), meaning 'to exchange'.
This is the reading for 考えて (かんがえて), meaning 'to think'.
3. 新しいサービスの<u>広告</u>はまだできていません。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
広告 (こうこく) is the correct reading for the kanji 広告, which means 'advertisement'. The sentence means 'The advertisement for the new service is not ready yet.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 報告 (ほうこく), meaning 'report'.
This is not a standard reading for 広告.
This is not a standard reading for 広告.
4. 今日の試合の<u>相手</u>は強かった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
相手 (あいて) is the correct reading for the kanji 相手, which means 'opponent' or 'partner'. The sentence means 'Today's opponent was strong.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is not a standard reading for 相手.
This is not a standard reading for 相手.
This is not a standard reading for 相手.
5. 来月、スポーツ<u>大会</u>があります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
大会 (たいかい) is the correct reading for the kanji 大会, which means 'tournament' or 'convention'. The sentence means 'There will be a sports tournament next month.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 大概 (たいがい), meaning 'generally' or 'mostly'.
This is not a standard reading for 大会.
This is not a standard reading for 大会.
6. 花瓶が<u>割れて</u>いる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
割れて (われて) is the correct reading for the kanji 割れる, which means 'to break' or 'to crack'. The sentence means 'The vase is broken.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 汚れて (よごれて), meaning 'to get dirty'.
This is the reading for 倒れて (たおれて), meaning 'to fall down'.
This is the reading for 濡れて (ぬれて), meaning 'to get wet'.
7. うるさくて仕事に<u>集中</u>できない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
集中 (しゅうちゅう) is the correct reading for the kanji 集中, which means 'concentration'. The sentence means 'It's too noisy, so I can't concentrate on my work.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is not a standard reading for 集中.
This is not a standard reading for 集中.
This is not a standard reading for 集中.
8. <u>食器</u>売り場はどこですか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
食器 (しょっき) is the correct reading for the kanji 食器, which means 'tableware' or 'dishes'. The sentence means 'Where is the tableware section?'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading; the second kanji is read with a small 'tsu'.
This is the reading for 食品 (しょくひん), meaning 'food products'.
This is an incorrect reading.
問題2のことばを漢字で書くとき最もよいものを1・2・3・4 から一つえらびなさい。
9. 子どもが壁に絵を書いてしまったので、<u>けして</u>きれいにした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
消して (けして) is the correct kanji for けして, which means 'to erase' or 'to turn off'. The sentence means 'My child drew on the wall, so I erased it and made it clean.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the kanji for 流して (ながして), meaning 'to flow' or 'to flush'.
This is the kanji for 洗して (あらって), meaning 'to wash'.
This is the kanji for 清して (きよめて), meaning 'to purify' or 'to clean'. While related to cleaning, it doesn't mean 'to erase'.
10. 風邪で学校を<u>けっせき</u>した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
欠席 (けっせき) is the correct kanji for けっせき, which means 'absence' or 'to be absent'. The sentence means 'I was absent from school due to a cold.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji combination is not standard for 'absence'. 休 (きゅう) means 'rest', 座 (ざ) means 'seat'.
This kanji combination is not standard. 体 (たい) means 'body'.
This kanji combination is not standard. 欠 (けつ) means 'lack', 座 (ざ) means 'seat'.
11. 野菜を<u>こまかく</u>切ってください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
細かく (こまかく) is the correct kanji for こまかく, which means 'finely' or 'in small pieces'. The sentence means 'Please cut the vegetables finely.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the kanji for 短かく (みじかく), meaning 'shortly'.
This is the kanji for 丸く (まるく), meaning 'roundly'.
This is the kanji for 角く (かくかく), meaning 'angularly' or 'squarely'.
12. このアパートには<u>わかい</u>人がたくさん住んでいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
若い (わかい) is the correct kanji for わかい, which means 'young'. The sentence means 'Many young people live in this apartment.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji 孝 (こう) means 'filial piety' and is not used in this context.
This is the kanji for 苦い (にがい), meaning 'bitter'.
This is the kanji for 老い (おい), meaning 'old age' or 'to grow old'.
13. <u>ふくすう</u>の写真からいいものを選んだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
複数 (ふくすう) is the correct kanji for ふくすう, which means 'plural' or 'multiple'. The sentence means 'I chose a good one from multiple photos.'
Why other options are incorrect:
While 複 means 'multiple' and 枚 is a counter for flat objects, 複枚 is not a standard word.
復 (ふく) means 'return' or 'restore', which is incorrect here.
This is an incorrect combination of kanji.
14. 米の輸入量が<u>げんしょう</u>している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
減少 (げんしょう) is the correct kanji for げんしょう, which means 'decrease' or 'reduction'. The sentence means 'The amount of rice imports is decreasing.'
Why other options are incorrect:
While 減 means 'decrease' and 小 means 'small', 減小 is not the standard word for 'decrease'.
現 (げん) means 'current' or 'present', which is incorrect here.
This is an incorrect combination of kanji.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
15. お菓子は6個あるから、3人で( )と一人2個になる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
わける (分ける) means 'to divide' or 'to share'. If you divide 6 sweets among 3 people, each person gets 2. This fits the context perfectly.
Why other options are incorrect:
離す (はなす) means 'to separate' or 'to release'. It doesn't fit the context of dividing items.
引く (ひく) means 'to pull' or 'to subtract'. It doesn't fit the context of dividing items.
破く (やぶく) means 'to tear' or 'to rip'. It doesn't fit the context of dividing items.
16. 友人に子どもが生まれたので、( )に何か贈りたいと思っています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
お祝い (おいわい) means 'celebration' or 'congratulatory gift'. When a friend has a baby, it's common to give a congratulatory gift. This fits the context.
Why other options are incorrect:
お願い (おねがい) means 'request' or 'favor'. It doesn't fit the context of giving a gift for a birth.
お代わり (おかわり) means 'second helping' or 'refill'. It's completely unrelated to the context.
お見舞い (おみまい) means 'visiting someone who is ill or injured'. It's used for expressing sympathy, not for celebrating a birth.
17. パソコンの調子が悪いんですが、自分で原因を調べる( )はありませんか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
方法 (ほうほう) means 'method' or 'way'. The sentence asks if there's a way to investigate the cause of a computer problem oneself. This is the most appropriate word.
Why other options are incorrect:
都合 (つごう) means 'convenience' or 'circumstances'. It doesn't fit the context of finding a way to do something.
規則 (きそく) means 'rule' or 'regulation'. It's unrelated to finding a solution to a problem.
計画 (けいかく) means 'plan' or 'project'. While one might plan to investigate, 'method' is more direct for 'a way to investigate'.
18. 田中さんは、何でも自分からやってみようとする( )な人だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
積極的 (せっきょくてき) means 'positive', 'proactive', or 'active'. Someone who tries to do everything themselves is proactive. This fits the context.
Why other options are incorrect:
感情的 (かんじょうてき) means 'emotional'. This doesn't describe someone who tries things themselves.
効果的 (こうかてき) means 'effective'. This describes an action's outcome, not a person's nature.
具体的 (ぐたいてき) means 'concrete' or 'specific'. This doesn't describe someone's proactive nature.
19. 日本には石油や金などの( )はあまりない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
資源 (しげん) means 'resources'. Oil and gold are natural resources. The sentence means 'Japan doesn't have many resources like oil or gold.' This is the correct fit.
Why other options are incorrect:
環境 (かんきょう) means 'environment'. This is not related to natural resources like oil or gold.
基礎 (きそ) means 'foundation' or 'basis'. This is unrelated to natural resources.
栄養 (えいよう) means 'nutrition'. This is unrelated to natural resources.
20. 初めて森さんに会ったときには、おとなしい人だという ( )を受けた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
印象 (いんしょう) means 'impression'. The sentence means 'When I first met Mr. Mori, I got the impression that he was a quiet person.' This is the most suitable word.
Why other options are incorrect:
感覚 (かんかく) means 'sense' or 'feeling'. While related to feelings, 'impression' is more specific for a perception of a person.
意識 (いしき) means 'consciousness' or 'awareness'. This doesn't fit the context of forming an opinion about someone.
気分 (きぶん) means 'feeling' or 'mood'. This refers to one's own internal state, not an impression received from someone else.
21. 昨日の夜から歯が痛くて()できなくなったので、今朝歯医者に行った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
我慢 (がまん) means 'patience', 'endurance', or 'tolerance'. If your tooth hurts so much you can't endure it, you go to the dentist. This fits the context.
Why other options are incorrect:
遠慮 (えんりょ) means 'hesitation' or 'modesty'. It doesn't fit the context of pain.
努力 (どりょく) means 'effort'. It's unrelated to enduring pain.
心配 (しんぱい) means 'worry' or 'concern'. While one might worry about a toothache, the sentence implies the pain itself became unbearable.
22. 旅行の( )に絵はがきを買った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
記念 (きねん) means 'commemoration' or 'souvenir'. Buying postcards as a souvenir of a trip is a common action. This fits the context.
Why other options are incorrect:
満足 (まんぞく) means 'satisfaction'. While one might be satisfied with a trip, you don't buy postcards 'for satisfaction'.
感激 (かんげき) means 'deep emotion' or 'impression'. While a trip might be impressive, you don't buy postcards 'for impression'.
経験 (けいけん) means 'experience'. While a trip is an experience, you don't buy postcards 'for experience'.
23. 今月から駐車場の使用 ( )が高くなった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
料 (りょう) is a suffix meaning 'fee' or 'charge'. 駐車場使用料 (ちゅうしゃじょうしようりょう) means 'parking lot usage fee'. This is the correct word to complete the compound noun.
Why other options are incorrect:
金 (きん/かね) means 'money' or 'gold'. While related to money, it's not the standard suffix for 'fee' in this context.
値 (ね) means 'price' or 'value'. While related to cost, '料' is more specific for a fee.
賃 (ちん) means 'fare' or 'rent'. While used in words like 家賃 (やちん: rent) or 運賃 (うんちん: fare), it's not typically used with '使用' in this way.
24. このゲーム、初めはおもしろいと思ったけど、何度もやったので、もう( )しまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あきて (飽きて) is the te-form of 飽きる (あきる), meaning 'to get tired of' or 'to lose interest in'. If you play a game many times, you might get bored of it. This fits the context.
Why other options are incorrect:
きらって (嫌って) is the te-form of 嫌う (きらう), meaning 'to dislike' or 'to hate'. While you might dislike it, 'getting tired of' is a more direct consequence of playing many times.
あきらめて (諦めて) is the te-form of 諦める (あきらめる), meaning 'to give up'. This doesn't fit the context of losing interest in a game.
こわがって (怖がって) is the te-form of 怖がる (こわがる), meaning 'to be afraid of'. This is unrelated to playing a game many times.
25. 旅行会社に行ったら、海外旅行の( )がたくさん置いてあった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
パンフレット (panfuretto) means 'pamphlet' or 'brochure'. Travel agencies typically have many brochures for various trips. This is the most appropriate word.
Why other options are incorrect:
アナウンス (anaunsu) means 'announcement'. Announcements are spoken or written notices, not physical items displayed.
コマーシャル (komāsharu) means 'commercial' (advertisement). Commercials are typically broadcast, not physical items displayed in an office.
サンプル (sanpuru) means 'sample'. While a travel agency might have samples of materials, 'pamphlet' is more specific for travel information.
問題4 ____に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい
26. 山口さんなら<u>さっき</u>帰りましたよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
さっき (sakki) means 'a little while ago' or 'just now'. '少し前に' (sukoshi mae ni) also means 'a little while ago' and is the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
すぐに (sugu ni) means 'immediately' or 'right away'. This is the opposite of 'a little while ago'.
ずっと前に (zutto mae ni) means 'a long time ago'. This is much earlier than 'just now'.
やっと (yatto) means 'at last' or 'finally'. This refers to something happening after a long wait, not a short time ago.
27. 隣の部屋から<u>おかしな</u>音が聞こえる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
おかしな (okashina) means 'strange', 'odd', or 'funny'. 'へんな' (henna) means 'strange' or 'weird' and is the closest synonym in this context.
Why other options are incorrect:
いろいろな (iroirona) means 'various'. This describes variety, not strangeness.
にぎやかな (nigiyakana) means 'lively' or 'bustling'. This describes a noisy, active sound, not necessarily a strange one.
大きな (ōkina) means 'big' or 'loud'. While the sound might be loud, 'strange' is the primary meaning of おかしな here.
28. あれから約1週間<u>たちました</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
たちました (経ちました) is the past tense of 経つ (たつ), meaning 'to pass (of time)'. '過ぎました' (すぎました) is the past tense of 過ぎる (すぎる), which also means 'to pass (of time)'. They are direct synonyms.
Why other options are incorrect:
かかりました (kakarimashita) is the past tense of かかる (かかる), meaning 'to take (time/money)'. While related to time, it implies duration taken, not simply time passing.
待ちました (machimashita) is the past tense of 待つ (まつ), meaning 'to wait'. This is unrelated to time passing.
続けました (tsuzukemashita) is the past tense of 続ける (つづける), meaning 'to continue'. This is unrelated to time passing.
29. 山本さんは<u>あわてて</u>出ていきましたよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あわてて (awatete) is the te-form of 慌てる (あわてる), meaning 'to panic', 'to be flustered', or 'to hurry'. '急いだようすで' (isoida yōsu de) means 'in a hurried manner' or 'looking hurried', which is the closest meaning.
Why other options are incorrect:
困ったようすで (komatta yōsu de) means 'looking troubled/distressed'.
疲れたようすで (tsukareta yōsu de) means 'looking tired'.
怒ったようすで (okotta yōsu de) means 'looking angry'.
30. 道が<u>カーブしている</u>ので、気をつけてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
カーブしている (kābu shiteiru) means 'is curving'. '曲がっている' (magatteiru) means 'is bending' or 'is curving' and is a direct Japanese equivalent.
Why other options are incorrect:
坂になっている (saka ni natteiru) means 'is becoming a slope'.
暗くなっている (kuraku natteiru) means 'is becoming dark'.
狭くなっている (semaku natteiru) means 'is becoming narrow'.
問題5 次のことばの使い方として最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい
31. 内容
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
内容 (ないよう) means 'content' or 'substance'. Option 4, 'このメールの<u>内容</u>は、まだ誰にも話さないでください。' (Please don't tell anyone the content of this email yet.), correctly uses 内容 to refer to the information or subject matter of the email.
Why other options are incorrect:
内容 is not used for the contents of someone's mind; '頭の中' (atama no naka) or '考え' (kangae) would be more appropriate.
内容 is not used for ingredients in medicine; '成分' (seibun: ingredients) or '薬効成分' (yakukō seibun: active ingredients) would be appropriate.
内容 is not used for ingredients in food/drink; '材料' (zairyō: ingredients) or '成分' (seibun: components) would be appropriate.
32. 発展
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
発展 (はってん) means 'development', 'growth', or 'progress'. Option 1, 'この町は海に近く、外国との貿易によって<u>発展</u>してきた。' (This town is close to the sea and has developed through trade with foreign countries.), correctly uses 発展 to describe the growth and prosperity of a town.
Why other options are incorrect:
For personal skill improvement, '上達する' (jōtatsu suru: to improve) or '進歩する' (shinpo suru: to make progress) would be more natural.
For a building's construction progress, '建つ' (tatsu: to be built) or '進む' (susumu: to progress) would be more appropriate.
For a person's growth or development, '成長する' (seichō suru: to grow) or '成長した姿' (seichō shita sugata: grown appearance) would be more natural.
33. 伝わる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
伝わる (つたわる) means 'to be conveyed', 'to be transmitted', or 'to be handed down'. Option 4, 'この技術は、約200年前に外国から<u>伝わったそうです</u>。' (I heard this technology was introduced from abroad about 200 years ago.), correctly uses 伝わる to describe the transmission of knowledge or technology.
Why other options are incorrect:
For a letter arriving, '届いた' (todoita: arrived) or '来た' (kita: came) would be more natural.
For a disease spreading, 'うつった' (utsutta: was transmitted/caught) would be more appropriate.
For people moving from one place to another, '乗り換えてきた' (norikaete kita: transferred) or '移動してきた' (idō shite kita: moved) would be more appropriate.
34 どなる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
どなる (donaru) means 'to shout' or 'to yell'. Option 2, 'そんなに<u>どならなくても</u>、ちゃんと聞こえるよ。' (You don't have to shout so much, I can hear you just fine.), correctly uses どなる to refer to a person raising their voice.
Why other options are incorrect:
Clocks don't 'shout'; they 'ring' (鳴る: naru) or 'alarm' (アラームが鳴る: arāmu ga naru).
Dogs 'bark' (吠える: hoeru), not 'shout'.
Thunder 'roars' or 'claps' (鳴る: naru, 轟く: todoroku), not 'shouts'.
35. 期限
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
期限 (きげん) means 'deadline' or 'time limit'. Option 3, '指定の<u>期限</u>までに代金の振り込みがない場合、注文はキャンセルされます。' (If payment is not transferred by the specified deadline, the order will be cancelled.), correctly uses 期限 to refer to a set time limit for an action.
Why other options are incorrect:
For an appliance reaching the end of its useful life, '寿命' (jumyō: lifespan) or '買い替え時' (kaikae-doki: time to replace) would be more appropriate.
For a scheduled departure time, '定刻' (teikoku: scheduled time) or '出発時刻' (shuppatsu jikoku: departure time) would be more appropriate.
For a meeting time, '時間' (jikan: time) or '約束の時間' (yakusoku no jikan: promised time) would be more appropriate.