2015/07 JLPT N3 Grammar,Reading Comprehension test
問題1 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
この問題は、数学が苦手な私( )難しかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「には」 (ni wa) is used here to emphasize the target or recipient of a state or feeling, highlighting that for "me, who is bad at math," this problem was particularly difficult. It specifies the perspective for whom the difficulty applies.
Why other options are incorrect:
「へ」 (e) indicates direction, which is not suitable for expressing the target of a feeling or state in this context.
「で」 (de) indicates means, location, or cause, but it does not fit the nuance of specifying the person for whom something is difficult.
「より」 (yori) indicates comparison ("more than") or origin ("from"), neither of which is appropriate in this sentence.
長い間建設中だった ABC ビルが、昨日( )完成した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「ついに」 (tsuini) means "finally" or "at last," indicating that something long-awaited or expected has happened. It perfectly fits the context of a building that was "under construction for a long time" and was "finally completed."
Why other options are incorrect:
「ずっと」 (zutto) means "all the time," "continuously," or "far." It does not convey the sense of completion after a long period.
「今にも」 (ima ni mo) means "at any moment" or "about to." It indicates something is on the verge of happening, not something that has just concluded.
「次第に」 (shidai ni) means "gradually" or "little by little." It describes a progressive change, not a final outcome.
(A 市のお知らせで) 本日予定していた A市夏祭りは、台風の影響( ) 中止します。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「により」 (ni yori) means "due to," "because of," or "by means of." It indicates the cause or reason for something. Here, the summer festival is canceled "due to the influence of the typhoon."
Why other options are incorrect:
「に対し」 (ni taishi) means "in contrast to," "towards," or "regarding." It indicates opposition or a target, not a cause.
「に比べて」 (ni kurabete) means "compared to." It is used for comparison, which is not the context here.
「において」 (ni oite) means "at," "in," or "on" (a place or time), or "in the context of." It indicates a location or situation, not a cause.
妹がアメリカに留学した。妹がいる ( ) ぜひ一度遊びに行きます。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「うちに」 (uchi ni) means "while" or "during the time that." It implies doing something while a certain state or condition exists, often before it changes. Here, it means "while my sister is in America," I definitely want to visit, suggesting taking advantage of the limited time she is there.
Why other options are incorrect:
「一方で」 (ippou de) means "on the other hand" or "while." It indicates two contrasting aspects or simultaneous actions, but not the nuance of doing something before a state ends.
「たびに」 (tabi ni) means "every time" or "whenever." It indicates a repeated action or occurrence, which is not the meaning here.
「ことで」 (koto de) means "by doing/being X" or "because of X." It indicates a means or reason, but does not fit the nuance of taking advantage of a limited time frame.
昨日、天ぷらを( )としたが、油が足りなかったので、やめた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The pattern 「V-ようとする」 (volitional form + to suru) means "to try to do V" or "to be about to do V." In this sentence, 「作ろうとした」 (tsukurou to shita) means "I tried to make tempura" or "I was about to make tempura," but then stopped because there wasn't enough oil.
Why other options are incorrect:
「作った」 (tsukutta) is the past tense, meaning "made." This does not fit the context of an unfulfilled intention.
「作れる」 (tsukureru) is the potential form, meaning "can make." This does not fit the context of an unfulfilled intention.
「作って」 (tsukutte) is the te-form, meaning "making" or "and then." It does not fit the grammatical pattern for expressing an attempt or intention.
山下「田中さん、部長に会議の資料を( )って頼まれたんですが、どこにあり ますか」。 田中「ああ、あの棚の中ですよ。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The phrase 「取ってきてくれ」 (totte kite kure) is the plain imperative form of 「取ってくる」 (totte kuru - to go and get something and bring it back), combined with 「くれ」 (kure - a plain request/command). When used with 「って頼まれた」 (tte tanomareta - was asked to), it indicates that the speaker was asked to "go and get the meeting materials and bring them back." This is the most natural fit for reporting a request.
Why other options are incorrect:
「取ってくるよ」 (totte kuru yo) means "I'll go and get it (for you)." This is a statement of intent, not a reported request.
「取ってくるけど」 (totte kuru kedo) means "I'll go and get it, but..." This implies a condition or hesitation, not a reported request.
「取ってきたの」 (totte kita no) means "Did you go and get it?" or "I went and got it." This is a question or a statement about a completed action, not a reported request.
((電話で)店員「はい、田村美容院です」 西川「あ、3時に予約している西川です。すみませんが、急に用事が入ってしまった ので、今日の予約をキャンセル ( ) 店員「はい、わかりました。ご連絡ありがとうございました。」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「させてください」 (sasete kudasai) is the causative-te form of 「する」 (suru - to do) combined with 「ください」 (kudasai - please). It means "please let me do (it)" or "please allow me to do (it)." In this context, it's a polite request to be allowed to cancel the reservation: "Please allow me to cancel today's reservation."
Why other options are incorrect:
「でございますか」 (de gozaimasu ka) is a very polite form of "is it?" or "are you?" It is not suitable for making a request.
「をくださいませんか」 (o kudasaimasen ka) means "Would you please give me...?" This is for requesting an object or a favor from the listener, not for requesting permission to do something oneself.
「したいんでしょうか」 (shitai n deshou ka) means "Do you want to do it?" or "Are you perhaps wanting to do it?" This is a question about the listener's desire, not a request to do something.
学生「先生、ご相談したいことがあるんですが、明日の午後は研究室に( )か。」 先生「明日ですか、明日から出張なんですが」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「いらっしゃいます」 (irasshaimasu) is the honorific form of 「いる」 (iru - to be/exist for animate objects), 「行く」 (iku - to go), and 「来る」 (kuru - to come). The student is asking if the teacher "will be" in the research lab. Using the honorific form is appropriate when speaking to a teacher.
Why other options are incorrect:
「おります」 (orimasu) is the humble form of 「いる」. This is used by the speaker to humbly refer to their own presence, not to ask about someone else's.
「お会いになります」 (o ai ni narimasu) is the honorific form of 「会う」 (au - to meet). The question is about presence, not meeting.
「お目にかかります」 (o me ni kakarimasu) is the humble form of 「会う」 (au - to meet). This is used by the speaker to humbly refer to their own action of meeting someone, not to ask about someone else's presence.
私は、ほかの人には話せないことも、母( )話せる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「にになら」 (ni nara) is a combination of the particle 「に」 (ni) indicating the recipient, and 「なら」 (nara) meaning "if it's the case of..." or "when it comes to...." It emphasizes that *only* to her mother can she speak about things she can't tell others, highlighting the mother as a special exception.
Why other options are incorrect:
「にばかり」 (ni bakari) means "only to" or "always to." While it implies exclusivity, it often carries a nuance of something being excessive or limited in a negative sense, or simply "always doing X to Y." 「にになら」 better conveys the idea of "if it's the mother, then it's possible."
「へと」 (e to) is a more emphatic form of 「へ」 (e), indicating direction. It is not suitable for the recipient of a verb like 「話せる」 (hanaseru - can talk to).
「へなど」 (e nado) combines 「へ」 (e) for direction with 「など」 (nado) meaning "and so on" or "for example." It is not suitable here.
私の両親は、「たった一度の人生だから、あなたが( ) やりなさい」といつも言 ってくれる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The phrase 「やりたいようにやりなさい」 (yaritai you ni yari nasai) means "do as you wish" or "do it the way you want to." It's a common expression used to encourage someone to follow their own will or desires. In this context, the parents are telling the speaker to live their life as they wish, as it's a "once-in-a-lifetime" opportunity.
Why other options are incorrect:
「ようで」 (you de) means "seems like" or "appears to be." "Seems like you want to do" does not fit the encouraging command.
「やってみる」 (yatte miru) means "try doing." "Seems like you try doing" is grammatically awkward and does not convey the intended meaning.
「やってみるように」 (yatte miru you ni) means "so that you try doing" or "as if you try doing." While 「ように」 can indicate purpose, it does not fit the nuance of "do it the way you want."
国際経営学部では何を学ぶこと ( ) 知りたくて、大学の説明会に参加した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「V-ことができる」 means "can do V." The phrase 「何を学ぶことができるのか」 (nani o manabu koto ga dekiru no ka) means "what one can learn." The particle 「のか」 indicates a question or uncertainty that the speaker wants to resolve, fitting the context of attending an information session to find out.
Why other options are incorrect:
「のを」 (no o) would make it a direct object, but 「知りたい」 (shiritai - want to know) takes a question clause with 「のか」 or 「か」.
「V-になれる」 means "can become V." This does not fit the context of "learning" something.
This option is grammatically incorrect in this context.
私の姉は、3歳から柔道を続けていて、県の代表選手に( )
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「選ばれたこともある」 (erabareta koto mo aru) means "has also been chosen/selected." 「V-られた」 is the passive form, indicating that the sister was selected by someone else. 「V-たこともある」 means "there are times when V happened" or "has also experienced V." This fits the context of someone who has continued judo since age 3 and has been selected as a prefectural representative.
Why other options are incorrect:
「選んでいるところだ」 (erande iru tokoro da) means "is in the process of choosing." This implies the sister is doing the choosing, not being chosen.
「選ぶためでもある」 (erabu tame demo aru) means "is also for the purpose of choosing." This does not fit the context of being selected.
(体操教室で)先生「この体操は、毎日続けると効果的です。立ってするのが難しけ れば、いすに( )無理をせず、続けてみてください」
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「座ったまま」 (suwatta mama) means "while sitting" or "remaining seated." 「V-てもかまいません」 (V-te mo kamaimasen) means "it's okay to do V" or "you may do V." So, 「座ったまましてもかまいません」 means "it's okay to do it while remaining seated." This fits the context of the teacher giving permission to do the exercise while sitting if standing is difficult.
Why other options are incorrect:
This phrase means "You must not do it while remaining seated," which is the opposite of the intended meaning of giving permission.
Similar to option 1, this means "You must not do it while remaining seated," which is incorrect.
「座ってしたまま」 is grammatically awkward. The correct form for "remaining seated" is 「座ったまま」.
問題2 次の文の_★_ に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
この家に引っ越してきて、もう_★_ ___ ___ ___だけです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is 「この家に引っ越してきて、もう半年になるのにまだ住所を覚えていないだけです。」 (Kono ie ni hikoshite kite, mou hantoshi ni naru no ni mada juusho o oboete inai dake desu.) meaning "It's already been half a year since I moved into this house, but I still haven't memorized the address." The phrase 「もうXになるのに」 (mou X ni naru no ni) means "even though it's already been X." The `★` position is for 「半年になる」 (hantoshi ni naru - it's been half a year).
Why other options are incorrect:
「まだ」 (mada - still/yet) does not fit the grammatical structure of the phrase that precedes it in the complete sentence.
「のに」 (no ni - even though/despite) is part of the complete grammatical structure, but it is not the word that fits the `★` position.
「住所を覚えていない」 (juusho o oboete inai - haven't memorized the address) is the latter part of the sentence and does not fit the `★` position.
毎年、X社には多くの新入社員が入るが、仕事が___ ___ _★_ ___多いそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is 「毎年、X社には多くの新入社員が入るが、仕事があまりに忙しくて3年以内にやめてしまう社員が多いそうだ。」 (Mainen, X-sha ni wa ooku no shinnyuushain ga hairu ga, shigoto ga amari ni isogashikute sannen inai ni yamete shimau shain ga ooi sou da.) meaning "Every year, many new employees join Company X, but it seems that many employees quit within three years because the work is too busy." The `★` position is for 「やめてしまう」 (yamete shimau - end up quitting), forming the phrase "end up quitting within three years."
Why other options are incorrect:
「あまりに忙しくて」 (amari ni isogashikute - too busy) is part of the reason clause and does not fit the `★` position.
「社員が」 (shain ga - employees) is the subject of the latter part of the sentence and does not fit the `★` position.
「3年以内に」 (sannen inai ni - within 3 years) specifies the timeframe and does not fit the `★` position.
この島は、空から___ ___ _★_ ___「耳島」と呼ばれています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is 「この島は、空から見ると人の耳のような形に見えることから「耳島」と呼ばれています。」 (Kono shima wa, sora kara miru to hito no mimi no you na katachi ni mieru koto kara "Mimi-jima" to yobarete imasu.) meaning "This island is called 'Mimi-jima' (Ear Island) because when viewed from the sky, it looks like the shape of a human ear." The `★` position is for 「形に」 (katachi ni - in the shape of), forming the phrase "looks like the shape of a human ear."
Why other options are incorrect:
「見えることから」 (mieru koto kara - from the fact that it looks) is the reason clause and does not fit the `★` position.
「人の耳のような」 (hito no mimi no you na - like a human ear) modifies the word that fits the `★` position, but is not the word itself.
「見ると」 (miru to - when one looks) is the conditional clause and does not fit the `★` position.
一人暮らしを始めて3か月が過ぎたが、家に___ ___ _★_ ___と いつも思う。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is 「一人暮らしを始めて3か月が過ぎたが、家に話し相手が誰もいないのは寂しといつも思う。」 (Hitorigurashi o hajimete sankagetsu ga sugita ga, ie ni hanashiaite ga daremo inai no wa sabishii to itsumo omou.) meaning "Three months have passed since I started living alone, and I always think that it's lonely that there's no one to talk to at home." The `★` position is for 「のは」 (no wa). The structure 「XのはY」 (X no wa Y) turns the clause X into a noun phrase, which then becomes the subject of Y. Here, "the fact that there's no one to talk to at home" is what is lonely.
Why other options are incorrect:
「誰もいない」 (daremo inai - no one is there) is part of the noun clause that precedes 「のは」 and does not fit the `★` position.
「話し相手が」 (hanashiaite ga - a conversation partner) is part of the noun clause and does not fit the `★` position.
「寂し」 (sabishii - lonely) is the predicate of the sentence and does not fit the `★` position.
30日以上___ ___ _★_ ___が、すぐ気にならなくなった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The complete sentence is 「30日以上降らない雨の日が続いているが、すぐ気にならなくなった。」 (Sanjuunichi ijou furanai ame no hi ga tsuzuite iru ga, sugu ki ni naranaku natta.) meaning "Days without rain have continued for over 30 days, but I quickly stopped caring about it." The `★` position is for 「日が」 (hi ga). The phrase 「雨の日が続いている」 (ame no hi ga tsuzuite iru) means "rainy days continue," but here it's modified by 「降らない」 (furanai - not raining), meaning "days without rain."
Why other options are incorrect:
「降らない」 (furanai - not raining) modifies 「雨の日」 and does not fit the `★` position.
「続いている」 (tsuzuite iru - continuing) is the verb for the subject 「日が」 and does not fit the `★` position.
「雨の」 (ame no - of rain) modifies 「日」 and does not fit the `★` position.
問題3 次の文章を読んで、19 から 23 の中に入る最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
私の好きな言葉 ヤン ミン 「あきらめたら、そこで試合終了ですよ。」
私はこの言葉を高校生のときに見ていたアニメで知りました。そのアニメは、ある高校 のバスケットボール部の話です。
ほかの高校と試合をして、残り時間が 11分になったとき、そのバスケットボール部は 22 点の差で [19] 。選手たちはもう勝てないかもしれないと思い始めました。そんなとき、 そのバスケットボール部の先生が言いました。
「あきらめたら、そこで試合終了ですよ。」 この言葉を聞いて、私は「確かにそうだ!」と思いました。[20]、私はうまくできない と、すぐにあきらめていました。でも、この言葉で、「できなかったのは、できないとあき らめたからじゃないのか。」と気づきました。それで、「あきらめなければ、できることも あるかもしれない」と [21] 。
今、私はすぐにあきらめません。あきらめないで続けていると、[22]が生まれたり、 できなかったことができたりします。
「あきらめたら、そこで試合終了ですよ。」 この言葉は、私にあきらめないでがんばる力をくれます。[23]
English Summary & Annotations
22 点の差で [19] 。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The sentence describes the situation at a specific point in the game, where the team was behind by 22 points and the players "started to think they couldn't win." 「負けるでしょう」 (makeru deshou) means "they would probably lose" or "they were likely to lose." This fits the context of the players' prediction or feeling about the imminent outcome.
Why other options are incorrect:
「負けてしまいます」 (makete shimaimasu) means "they will unfortunately lose." While 「しまう」 can indicate regret, the 「でしょう」 form better expresses the likelihood or prediction from the players' perspective at that moment, rather than a definite unfortunate outcome.
「負けました」 (makemashita) means "they lost." This is a past tense statement of fact, but the game is still ongoing, so it's not appropriate.
「負けていました」 (makete imashita) means "they were losing." While grammatically correct for the state of being behind, 「負けるでしょう」 better captures the imminent or predicted outcome that made the players feel they couldn't win.
「確かにそうだ!」と思いました。[20]、私はうまくできない と、すぐにあきらめていました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「そのころ」 (sono koro) means "around that time" or "back then." The author is reflecting on their past self, stating that "around that time (when they heard the quote in high school), if they couldn't do something well, they would immediately give up." This connects their past behavior to the time they learned the quote.
Why other options are incorrect:
「それから」 (sore kara) means "after that" or "then." This implies a sequence of events, but the sentence describes a general past habit, not something that happened immediately after realizing "that's true."
「そのほか」 (sono hoka) means "besides that" or "in addition." It is used for listing additional points, which is not the function here.
「それでも」 (sore demo) means "nevertheless" or "even so." It is used to introduce a contrasting idea, which does not fit the flow of the sentence.
「あきらめなければ、できることも あるかもしれない」と [21] 。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「考えることができたのです」 (kangaeru koto ga dekita no desu) means "I was able to think" or "I came to be able to think." The 「のです」 (no desu) adds an explanatory or emphatic nuance. This fits the context where the author realized something and, as a result, became able to think in a new way.
Why other options are incorrect:
「考えてくれたのです」 (kangaete kureta no desu) means "someone thought for me." 「くれる」 indicates someone doing a favor for the speaker. This is incorrect as the author is the one thinking.
「考えてくれたらいいです」 (kangaete kuretara ii desu) means "It would be good if someone thought for me." This expresses a wish, which is not what the sentence describes.
「考えることができたらいいです」 (kangaeru koto ga dekitara ii desu) means "It would be good if I could think." This also expresses a wish, not a statement of what happened.
あきらめないで続けていると、[22]が生まれたり、 できなかったことができたりします。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「チャンス」 (chansu) means "chance" or "opportunity." The sentence states that by continuing without giving up, "opportunities are born" (「チャンスが生まれたり」) and things that couldn't be done become possible. This is a general statement about the positive outcomes of perseverance.
Why other options are incorrect:
「あのチャンス」 (ano chansu - that chance) implies a specific, previously mentioned chance, which is not the case here.
「どちらかのチャンス」 (dochira ka no chansu - one of two chances) implies a choice between two specific chances, which is not the meaning intended.
「このチャンス」 (kono chansu - this chance) implies a specific, currently present chance, which is not the general statement being made.
「あきらめたら、そこで試合終了ですよ。」 この言葉は、私にあきらめないでがんばる力をくれます。[23]
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
「私が大好きな言葉です」 (watashi ga daisuki na kotoba desu) means "It is my favorite quote." This sentence serves as a concluding statement, reiterating the main theme of the essay and emphasizing the author's personal connection to the quote.
Why other options are incorrect:
「大好きな言葉があります」 (daisuki na kotoba ga arimasu) means "There is a favorite quote." This is a general statement of existence, not a concluding statement about this specific quote.
「大好きだという点です」 (daisuki da to iu ten desu) means "It is the point that I love it." This is grammatically awkward and does not fit the flow of the sentence as a concluding remark.
問題4 次の(1)から(4)の文章を読んで、質問に答えなさい。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
これは喫茶店のコーヒー教室の案内である
コーヒー教室のご案内コーヒーについて知識(豆の種類や特徴)と、おいしいコーヒーの入れ方を学びませんか。 プロの技術をお教えいたします。教室の最後にはご自分で入れたコーヒーと「ふかだ」自 慢のケーキをお楽しみください。おかえりの際には、お土産にコーヒー豆(100 グラム) をお持ち帰りください。
日 時:7月15日(水) 13:00~15:00 場 所:コーヒー「ふかだ」
参加費:1,500 円 定 員:10名
参加ご希望の方は、レジでお申し込みください コーヒー「ふかだ」
English Summary & Annotations
このコーヒー教室でできることは何か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The announcement states, 「おいしいコーヒーの入れ方を学びませんか」 (learn how to make delicious coffee) and 「お土産にコーヒー豆(100 グラム) をお持ち帰りください」 (take home 100g of coffee beans as a souvenir). Option 1 accurately reflects both points: "You can learn how to make good coffee and take home coffee beans."
Why other options are incorrect:
The class teaches *you* to make coffee, and while the cake is enjoyed, it's not stated that a professional makes coffee for you to drink, nor is there a mention of eating the cake cheaply.
The class teaches coffee knowledge and brewing, but it does not mention teaching how to make cake.
The class does not mention comparing various coffee flavors or buying coffee beans cheaply; it only mentions receiving a souvenir.
問題4 次の(1)から(4)の文章を読んで、質問に答えなさい。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
これはタインさんが山下先生に書いたメールである。
山下先生
ごぶさたしています。タインです
花村日本語学校では大変お世話になりました。
私は今、北川大学大学院で経営学を学んでいます。 実は先日、私の論文が大学の研究雑誌に載りました。「ベトナムにおける日本企業」というテーマで書いたものです。内容は指導を受けている先生からアドバイスをいただき、日本 語は日本人の先輩に見てもらって、何度も書き直しました。ようやく雑誌ができましたの で、一部お送りいたします。先生にも読んでいただけたらうれしいです。 またお会いできる日を楽しみにしています。
タイン
English Summary & Annotations
タインさんがこのメールで言いたいことは何か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Thinh states, 「ようやく雑誌ができましたので、一部お送りいたします。先生にも読んでいただけたらうれしいです。」 (Now that the magazine is finally complete, I am sending a copy. I would be happy if you, Sensei, could read it.) This directly matches option 3: "My thesis was published in a magazine, so I want Teacher Yamashita to read it."
Why other options are incorrect:
Thinh already received advice on the content from their supervising teacher and the thesis is *published*, so they are not seeking advice on content.
Thinh already had a Japanese senior check and correct the Japanese, so they are not asking Teacher Yamashita to do so.
The email says 「一部お送りいたします」 (I am sending a copy), implying by mail, not in person. So, meeting to hand it over is not the primary intent.
問題4 次の(1)から(4)の文章を読んで、質問に答えなさい。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
駅前の交差点の信号は赤になるのが早く、少し遅れると、途中から走って渡らなければ ならないことも多かった。しかし、一か月ぐらい前からは走らなくても時間内に渡れるようになった。それで、歩くのが速くなったと思って喜んでいたのだが、今朝の新聞を読んで本当の理由がわかった。あの歩行者信号は時間内に渡れない人が多かったので、警察が 青の時間を少し長くしたのだそうだ。それを知って、ちょっとがっかりしてしまった。
English Summary & Annotations
がっかりしてしまったのはなぜか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author "喜んでいたのだが" (was happy, thinking) "歩くのが速くなったと思って" (their walking had become faster). But then they learned "本当の理由がわかった" (the real reason) was that the police lengthened the green light. So, they were disappointed because their initial belief that they had become faster was incorrect. This matches option 1: "Because they thought they had become faster at walking, but in reality, that wasn't the case."
Why other options are incorrect:
The author was happy they *didn't* have to run anymore, so this option is incorrect. The disappointment was not about the necessity of running disappearing.
The lengthening of the green light was the *reason* they could cross easily, not the direct cause of disappointment. The disappointment stemmed from the realization that their own speed hadn't improved.
The disappointment is not about the degree of lengthening, but the reason for it (i.e., that their own walking speed hadn't actually increased).
問題4 次の(1)から(4)の文章を読んで、質問に答えなさい。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つ選びなさい。
Reading Passage
日常会話の主要な目的は「楽しむ」ことにある。そんな会話の秘訣(注1) 」は自分自身を喜ばせるよりも相手を喜ばせるようにすることである。そのためには自分でしゃべることより、 相手にしゃべらせることのほうが重要である。「話し上手は聞き上手」といわれる。「耳は 二つ、口は一つ、その割合で使え」とも、「敵(注2) をつくりたければ話せ。友達を得た(注3)けられば聞け」ともいわれるゆえん(注4)』がここにある。
(古郡妊治「あなたの表現はなぜ伝わらないのか」による)(注 1) 秘訣:あまり知られていないが、効果がある方法。
(注2) 敵:ここでは、仲が悪い人。
(注3)得る:ここでは、つくる。
(注4)ゆえん:理由
English Summary & Annotations
この文章を書いた人によると、日常会話を「楽しむ」にはどうしたらいいか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, 「自分自身を喜ばせるよりも相手を喜ばせるようにすることである。そのためには自分でしゃべることより、 相手にしゃべらせることのほうが重要である。」 (It is about making the other person happy rather than yourself. For that, it is more important to let the other person talk than to talk yourself.) This directly supports option 4: "To make the other person talk a lot."
Why other options are incorrect:
While important for communication, the passage emphasizes listening over speaking for enjoyment, not just clear speaking.
This is still about the speaker talking, which the passage advises against as the primary method for enjoying conversation.
The passage says to let the *other person* talk, not necessarily about the speaker's own affairs.
問題5 つぎの(1)と(2)の文章を読んで、質問に答えなさい。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つえらびなさい。
Reading Passage
日本では1年に1億3千万本の傘が売れるそうだ。人口が約1億3千万人だから、毎年 一人が1本の傘を買っている計算になる。なぜこんなに売れるのだろうか。
確かに私もよく傘を買う。外出中に突然雨に降られ、慌てて近くのコンビニで買う。電 車の中に忘れてしまい、新しく買うこともある。いつ雨が降りだしても困らないように、 会社や車の中にも傘を置いている。
ある調査によると、日本人は一人平均4.84 本の傘を持っているそうだ。買うときに大事 にしている点について、女性は、色や柄という答えが一番多く、軽いこと、安いことが続 く。服に合わせるために 10本以上持っているという人もいた。つまり、ファッションに合 わせて傘を買っているのだ。一方、男性は、すぐなくしてよく買うからか、安いこととい う答えが多く、壊れにくい軽いことが続きた。
このようなことを考えると、なるほど、1年に1億3千万本の傘が売れるという話も納 得できる。
English Summary & Annotations
「私」は、例えば自分がどんなときに傘を買うと言っているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author states, 「外出中に突然雨に降られ、慌てて近くのコンビニで買う。」 (When caught in sudden rain while out, I hastily buy one at a nearby convenience store.) This directly matches option 4: "When it suddenly rains and an umbrella is needed."
Why other options are incorrect:
This reason is mentioned for women in general, who buy umbrellas to match their clothes, but not as the author's personal reason for buying.
The author mentions buying out of necessity (sudden rain, forgetting), not specifically when finding an umbrella they like.
The author mentions forgetting umbrellas on the train, but does not state that they buy new ones because their old ones broke.
調査によると、傘を買うとき、女性と男性が最も大切にしていることは何か。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, 「女性は、色や柄という答えが一番多く」 (For women, the most common answer was color and pattern) and 「男性は、すぐなくしてよく買うからか、安いことという答えが多く」 (For men, perhaps because they lose them often and buy frequently, the most common answer was cheapness). This directly matches option 2: "Women value color and pattern, and men value cheapness."
Why other options are incorrect:
While cheapness is important for men, women prioritize color and pattern, making this option incorrect.
For men, cheapness is the most important factor, not durability (壊れにくいこと), although durability is mentioned as a secondary factor.
Lightness is a secondary factor for women, and durability is a secondary factor for men. Neither is the *most* important for their respective groups.
「私」は、日本で傘がよく売れるのはなぜだと考えているのか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author concludes, 「このようなことを考えると、なるほど、1年に1億3千万本の傘が売れるという話も納得できる。」 (Considering these things, indeed, the story of 130 million umbrellas being sold annually is understandable.) The "このようなこと" refers to their own habits (buying when caught in rain, forgetting them) and the survey results (people owning multiple umbrellas, women buying for fashion, men buying cheaply due to loss). Option 2 summarizes these reasons: "Because there are people who buy umbrellas many times due to forgetting them, and people who own many different umbrellas."
Why other options are incorrect:
While umbrellas can be bought cheaply, the primary reason for high sales is the frequent purchase due to loss/forgetting and owning multiple umbrellas, not just the lack of searching for lost ones.
This describes the supply of umbrellas, not the reasons for high demand or frequent purchases by consumers.
The passage mentions men prioritizing "壊れにくい" (hard to break), implying they don't break easily, and the author mentions forgetting, not breaking, as a reason for buying.
問題5 つぎの(1)と(2)の文章を読んで、質問に答えなさい。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つえらびなさい。
Reading Passage
先日、飛行機で大阪へ行きました。その日は天気が悪く、朝から雨でしたが、空港の出 発ロビーにいると、飛行機の機長らしい人たちの「今日の天気はいいね」「ええ、よかった ですね」という会話が耳に入ってきました。 「えっ?どういうこと?」 気になった私は、出発を待つ間に空港の人に聞いてみました。
実は、飛行機は雨の影響はそれほど受けないのだそうです。飛行機は出発してしばらく すると雲の上に出ますが、そこは晴れているからです。したがって、雨に注意が必要なの は、空港近くで低いところを飛んでいる間だけで、飛行機が主に注意しなければならない のは上空の風の強さなのです。上空の情報を知るための特別な天気図もあり、機長と専門 家がそれらを見ながら相談し、できるだけ風の影響を受けないコースに決めるそうです。
「今日の天気はいいね」の意味もわかり、今まで知らなかったことを知ることもでき、 | 気持ちよく飛行機に乗ることができました。
English Summary & Annotations
「えっ?どういうこと?」と思ったのはどうしてか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, 「その日は天気が悪く、朝から雨でしたが、空港の出発ロビーにいると、飛行機の機長らしい人たちの「今日の天気はいいね」「ええ、よかった ですね」という会話が耳に入ってきました。 「えっ?どういうこと?」」 (That day the weather was bad, it was raining from the morning, but while in the departure lobby, I overheard pilots saying "The weather is good today" and "Yes, that's good." I thought, "Huh? What does that mean?"). The surprise comes from hearing "good weather" on a rainy day. This matches option 3.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage does not mention the departure time being near as a reason for the author's surprise.
The pilots were aware of the rain; their comment referred to the weather at high altitudes, not on the ground.
The reply 「ええ、よかったですね」 (Yes, that's good) is a normal agreement, not strange. The surprise was in the initial statement given the ground weather.
「私」が空港の人に聞いてわかったことはどれか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage states, 「上空の情報を知るための特別な天気図もあり、機長と専門 家がそれらを見ながら相談し、できるだけ風の影響を受けないコースに決めるそうです。」 (There are also special weather maps for knowing high-altitude information, and pilots and specialists consult them to decide on a course that minimizes wind impact.) This directly matches option 3: "That there are special weather maps used when deciding the airplane's course."
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage states that planes fly low near the airport, but it doesn't compare this to what the author previously thought.
The passage states 「雨に注意が必要なのは、空港近くで低いところを飛んでいる間だけ」 (attention to rain is only necessary while flying low near the airport), implying they *do* need to pay attention during that time.
The passage states 「機長と専門家がそれらを見ながら相談し」 (pilots and specialists consult them), indicating it's not decided by the pilot alone.
機長たちが言っていた「今日の天気はいいね。」はどういう意味だったか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The passage explains, 「飛行機が主に注意しなければならない のは上空の風の強さなのです。」 (What airplanes mainly need to pay attention to is the strength of the wind at high altitudes.) Therefore, "good weather" for pilots means the wind at high altitudes is not strong. This matches option 4: "Today, the wind above the clouds is not strong."
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage does not mention the rain stopping soon; it focuses on conditions at high altitude.
It was explicitly stated that it was raining on the ground.
Strong winds at high altitudes would be considered bad weather for pilots, not good weather.
問題6 つぎの文章を読んで、質問に答えなさい。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つえらびなさい。
Reading Passage
本を借りるとき、係り人に「久しぶりに来たら、ずいぶん変わっていて、びっくりして しまいました」と言うと、「そうなんですよ。ふだんあまり本を読まない人たちにも来てほ しいということで、こんな感じに変えることになったんです。それに、閉館時間を遅くし たので、仕事の帰りに来る方も増えたんですよ。」と話してくれた。
確かに、みんな楽しそうに時間を過ごしていた。こういう図書館なら、それほど本が好 きではない人も来やすくなって、本に興味を持つ人も増えていくだろう。だが、図書館全 体に流れていた、あの落ち着いた静かな空気はなくなってしまった。この図書館にも静か に本を読みたい人のための部屋が用意されているそうだが、私は、やはり図書館と言う場 所は、静かで落ち着いた場所であってほしいと思うのだ。
English Summary & Annotations
本当に驚いいてしまったとあるが、例えばどんなことに驚いたのか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author states, 「まず気づいたのは、音だ。音楽流れているし、おしゃべりをしている人もいる。そして、館内にカフェもできていて、コーヒーを飲みながら本を読んでいる人もいる。本当に驚いいてしまった。」 (The first thing I noticed was the sound. Music was playing, people were chatting. And there was even a cafe inside, where people were reading while drinking coffee. I was truly surprised.) Option 2, "Music was playing inside the library," is one of the specific things that surprised the author, contrasting with the previous quiet atmosphere.
Why other options are incorrect:
The passage implies the author visited the same library, just changed, by saying 「近くを通ったので、久しぶりに寄ってみた」 (I passed nearby, so I stopped by after a long time).
The passage explicitly states 「おしゃべりをしている人もいる」 (people were chatting), so this option is incorrect.
While a cafe was added, the library itself didn't *turn into* a cafe; it became a library *with* a cafe and other changes. The surprise was about the overall change in atmosphere, including the noise and cafe.
図書館の人によると、この図書館はどのような考えで変えられたのか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The staff member explains, 「ふだんあまり本を読まない人たちにも来てほしいということで、こんな感じに変えることになったんです。」 (It was decided to change it this way because we want people who don't usually read much to come too.) This aligns with option 4: "To make the library a more familiar place and attract people who haven't come before."
Why other options are incorrect:
Income is not mentioned as a reason for the changes; the focus is on attracting more visitors.
The changes made the library *less* quiet and calm, not more, so this option contradicts the passage.
The closing time was extended to accommodate people returning from *work*, not early morning visitors.
「私」は、前の図書館と今の図書館を比べてどう思っているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author states, 「私は、やはり図書館と言う場 所は、静かで落ち着いた場所であってほしいと思うのだ。」 (I still think that a library, as a place, should be a quiet and calm place.) This indicates a preference for the old, quiet atmosphere over the new, livelier one. This matches option 1: "I like the old library more than the current one."
Why other options are incorrect:
This contradicts the author's stated preference for a quiet and calm library.
The author clearly expresses a preference for the old atmosphere, so they do not like both equally.
The author liked the old library for its quietness and calmness, so this option is incorrect.
「私」は、どのような図書館がよいと言っているか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
The author explicitly states, 「私は、やはり図書館と言う場 所は、静かで落ち着いた場所であってほしいと思うのだ。」 (I still think that a library, as a place, should be a quiet and calm place.) This directly matches option 2: "A library where the entire library feels quiet and calm."
Why other options are incorrect:
While the old library had tension, the primary preference expressed is for quietness and calmness, not tension or being empty.
This describes the new library, which the author dislikes for its lack of quietness.
Although the new library has a quiet room, the author's preference is for the *entire* library to be quiet and calm, not just a designated area.
問題7 下のページは、映画館のホームページである。これを読んで、下の質問に答えさない。答えは、1・2・3・4から最もよいものを一つえらびなさい。
Reading Passage
「チケット料金」
一般 1,500円 大人(16歳以上)
学生 1,200 円 中学生以上(受付で学生であることを証明するものを確認します)
こども 1,000 円 5歳から小学生まで
夜間(一般) 1,300円 21:00以降に開始する映画は割引になります。
夜間(学生) 1,100円 21:00 以降に開始する映画は割引になります。
サービスの日 1,000円 毎月5日は、どなたでも1,000円になります。
「映画の時間」
「ピアノ・ストーリー」
7月1日(水) ~ 7月14日 () 14:15~15:45 / 22:00~23:30
7月15日(水)~7月31日(金) 13:15~14:45 / 18:15~19:45
「アジアの夕焼け」
7月1日(水) ~ 7月14日(火) 20:15~21:15
7月15日 (水)~7月31日(金) 11:00~12:00 / 16:00~17:00
「風の道」
7月1日(水)~7月14日(火) 11:00~13:00 / 17:00~19:00
7月15日 (水)~7月31日(金) 21:15~23:15
「イワシタホール」クラブカード会員を募集しています。
会費:10,800 円(1年) 使用期限:お申し込みの当日から1年
(サービス内容)
1)「イワシタホール」で映画を無料で何度でも見られます。
2) 毎月、映画情報と映画のスケジュールをメールで送りします。
3) ご一緒にいらっしやった方のチケットを1,000円に割引します。毎回1名)
4 ) 誕生日に「イワシタホール」から特別プレゼントがご自宅に届きます。
English Summary & Annotations
22 歳の会社員シンさんは大学生の友人と映画を見に行こうと思っている。二人は「イ ワシタホール」クラブカード会員ではない。7月15日(水)に映画「風の道」を見る場合、 料金はどうなるか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Let's break down the costs: * **Date**: July 15th (Wednesday). This is not the 5th of the month, so the "Service Day" discount does not apply. * **Movie**: "風の道" (Wind Road). * **Time**: For July 15th-31st, "風の道" plays at 21:15~23:15. This is after 21:00, so the "Night" discount applies. * **Shin (22-year-old office worker)**: Falls under "一般" (General) admission. The "夜間(一般)" (Night General) price is 1,300 yen. * **Friend (university student)**: Falls under "学生" (Student) admission. The "夜間(学生)" (Night Student) price is 1,100 yen. Therefore, Shin pays 1,300 yen, and the friend pays 1,100 yen. This matches option 3.
Why other options are incorrect:
This would only apply if it were the 5th of the month (Service Day), which July 15th is not.
This would be the Night General price for both, but the friend is a student and gets a student discount.
These are the regular General and Student prices, respectively. However, the movie time (21:15) qualifies for the Night discount, making these prices incorrect.
コウさんは、今年の6月から「イワシタホール」クラブカード会員になった。コウさんが受けられるサービスはどれか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
Let's check each option against the "サービス内容" (Service Content): * **Option 1**: "来年の 12月まで、...無料で映画を見られる。" (Can watch movies for free until December next year.) The membership is valid for "お申し込みの当日から1年" (1 year from the application date). If Kou joined in June, it's valid until June next year, not necessarily December. So, this is incorrect. * **Option 2**: "毎月、映画のスケジュールが書かれたパンフレットを郵送してもらえる。" (Will receive a pamphlet with movie schedules by mail every month.) Benefit 2 says "毎月、映画情報と映画のスケジュールをメールで送りします。" (We will send movie information and schedules by *email* every month), not by mail (郵送). So, this is incorrect. * **Option 3**: "一緒に映画を見に行った人の料金が、毎回1名だけ 1000 円にしてもらえる。" (The fee for one accompanying person will be 1,000 yen per visit.) Benefit 3 says "ご一緒にいらっしやった方のチケットを1,000円に割引します。毎回1名)" (We will discount the ticket for one accompanying person to 1,000 yen. One person per visit). This matches option 3. * **Option 4**: "誕生日の月に「イワシタホール」に行くと、特別なプレゼントがもらえる。" (If you go to Iwashita Hall in your birthday month, you will receive a special present.) Benefit 4 says "誕生日に「イワシタホール」から特別プレゼントがご自宅に届きます。" (A special present will be delivered to your *home* on your birthday), not necessarily received by going to the hall. So, this is incorrect. Therefore, option 3 is the only correct service.
Why other options are incorrect:
The membership is valid for one year from the application date (June), not necessarily until December of the next year.
The information is sent by email, not by postal mail (パンフレットを郵送).
The special birthday present is delivered to the member's home, not received by visiting the hall.