2015/07 JLPT N3 Letters and Vocabulary test
言語知識(文字・語彙)
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問題1 ___のことばの読み方として最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
1. <u>美しい</u>曲を聞いて、涙が出た。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
美しい (うつくしい) is the correct reading for the kanji 美しい, which means 'beautiful'. The sentence means 'I listened to a beautiful song and tears came out.'
Why other options are incorrect:
なつかしい (natsukashii) means 'nostalgic' or 'fondly remembered'.
かなしい (kanashii) means 'sad'.
さびしい (sabishii) means 'lonely' or 'solitary'.
2. 100 年後の世界を<u>想像</u>するのは難しい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
想像 (そうぞう) is the correct reading for the kanji 想像, which means 'imagination' or 'to imagine'. The sentence means 'It's difficult to imagine the world 100 years from now.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 想像.
This is an incorrect reading for 想像.
This is an incorrect reading for 想像.
3. <u>汚れた</u>傘がドアの前に置いてあった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
汚れた (よごれた) is the past tense of 汚れる (よごれる), meaning 'to get dirty'. The sentence means 'A dirty umbrella was placed in front of the door.'
Why other options are incorrect:
おれた (oreta) is the past tense of 折れる, meaning 'to break' or 'to be broken'.
ぬれた (nureta) is the past tense of 濡れる, meaning 'to get wet'.
やぶれた (yabureta) is the past tense of 破れる, meaning 'to tear' or 'to be torn'.
4. <u>朝食</u>の時間は何時ですか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
朝食 (ちょうしょく) is the correct reading for the kanji 朝食, which means 'breakfast'. The sentence means 'What time is breakfast?'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 朝食.
This is an incorrect reading for 朝食.
This is an incorrect reading for 朝食.
5. 昨日から<u>首</u>が痛い。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
首 (くび) is the correct reading for the kanji 首, which means 'neck'. The sentence means 'My neck has been hurting since yesterday.'
Why other options are incorrect:
かた (kata) means 'shoulder'.
こし (koshi) means 'lower back' or 'waist'.
のど (nodo) means 'throat'.
6. 大学で<u>経営学</u>を勉強しています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
経営学 (けいえいがく) is the correct reading for the kanji 経営学, which means 'business administration' or 'management studies'. The sentence means 'I am studying business administration at university.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 経営学.
けいざいがく (keizaigaku) refers to 経済学, meaning 'economics'.
This is an incorrect reading for 経営学.
7. 本を<u>分類</u>して、別々の箱に入れた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
分類 (ぶんるい) is the correct reading for the kanji 分類, which means 'classification' or 'to classify'. The sentence means 'I classified the books and put them into separate boxes.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 分類.
This is an incorrect reading for 分類.
This is an incorrect reading for 分類.
8. 洗濯物が多くて、<u>干す</u>のに時間がかかった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
干す (ほす) is the correct reading for the kanji 干す, which means 'to dry' (e.g., laundry). The sentence means 'There was a lot of laundry, so it took time to dry it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
わたす (watasu) refers to 渡す, meaning 'to hand over' or 'to cross'.
もどす (modosu) refers to 戻す, meaning 'to return' or 'to put back'.
のばす (nobasu) refers to 伸ばす, meaning 'to extend' or 'to stretch'.
問題2___のことばを漢字で書くとき最もよいものを1・2・3・4 から一つえらびなさい。
9. これからクイズの<u>せいかい</u>を言います。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
正解 (せいかい) is the correct kanji for せいかい, meaning 'correct answer'. The sentence means 'Now I will announce the correct answer to the quiz.'
Why other options are incorrect:
正答 (せいとう) also means 'correct answer', but 正解 is more commonly used in this context.
This kanji combination is incorrect for せいかい.
This kanji combination is incorrect for せいかい.
10. 先生の話を聞いて、リサイクルに<u>かんしん</u>を持った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
関心 (かんしん) is the correct kanji for かんしん, meaning 'interest'. The phrase '関心を持つ' means 'to become interested in'. The sentence means 'After listening to the teacher's talk, I became interested in recycling.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji combination is incorrect for かんしん in this context.
This kanji combination is incorrect for かんしん in this context.
This kanji combination is incorrect for かんしん in this context.
11. そのボールを<u>なげて</u>ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
投げて (なげて) is the te-form of 投げる (なげる), meaning 'to throw'. The sentence means 'Please throw that ball.'
Why other options are incorrect:
打つ (utsu) means 'to hit'. The te-form is 打って (utte).
拾う (hirou) means 'to pick up'. The te-form is 拾って (hirotte).
押す (osu) means 'to push'. The te-form is 押して (oshite).
12. 故障の<u>げんいん</u>はまだわからない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
原因 (げんいん) is the correct kanji for げんいん, meaning 'cause' or 'origin'. The sentence means 'The cause of the breakdown is still unknown.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji combination is incorrect for げんいん.
This kanji combination is incorrect for げんいん.
This kanji combination is incorrect for げんいん.
13. 兄はデパートに<u>つとめて</u>いる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
勤めて (つとめて) is the te-form of 勤める (つとめる), meaning 'to work for' or 'to be employed at'. The sentence means 'My older brother works at a department store.'
Why other options are incorrect:
勧めて (susumete) is the te-form of 勧める, meaning 'to recommend' or 'to advise'.
働める is not a standard Japanese verb form. The te-form of 働く (hataraku, 'to work') is 働いて (hataraite).
励めて (hagemete) is the te-form of 励む, meaning 'to strive' or 'to endeavor'.
14. 来年から会社の<u>きそく</u>が変わるそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
規則 (きそく) is the correct kanji for きそく, meaning 'rule' or 'regulation'. The sentence means 'I heard that the company rules will change from next year.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji combination is incorrect for きそく.
This kanji combination is incorrect for きそく.
This kanji combination is incorrect for きそく.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
15. グループで話し合ったことを、みんなの前で( )した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
発表 (はっぴょう) means 'presentation' or 'announcement'. '発表した' means 'presented' or 'announced'. The sentence means 'I presented what we discussed in the group in front of everyone.'
Why other options are incorrect:
伝言 (でんごん) means 'message' or 'verbal message'.
会話 (かいわ) means 'conversation'.
面接 (めんせつ) means 'interview'.
16. 電車やバスを利用するときは、マナーを( )
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
守りましょう (まもりましょう) is the volitional form of 守る (まもる), meaning 'to observe' or 'to follow (rules, manners)'. The sentence means 'When using trains or buses, let's observe manners.'
Why other options are incorrect:
結びましょう (musubimashou) is from 結ぶ (musubu), meaning 'to tie' or 'to connect'.
組みましょう (kumimashou) is from 組む (kumu), meaning 'to assemble' or 'to cross (arms/legs)'.
付けましょう (tsukemashou) is from 付ける (tsukeru), meaning 'to attach' or 'to put on'.
17. これらの資料を、新しいものから( )に並べてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
順番 (じゅんばん) means 'order' or 'turn'. '順番に並べる' means 'to arrange in order'. The sentence means 'Please arrange these materials in order from the newest.'
Why other options are incorrect:
間隔 (かんかく) means 'interval' or 'space'.
前後 (ぜんご) means 'front and back' or 'before and after'.
時差 (じさ) means 'time difference'.
18. 弟は「僕のケーキのほうが小さい。」と( )を言っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
文句 (もんく) means 'complaint'. '文句を言う' means 'to complain'. The sentence means 'My younger brother is complaining, saying "My cake is smaller."'
Why other options are incorrect:
けち means 'stinginess' or 'a stingy person'.
けんか means 'fight' or 'quarrel'.
命令 (めいれい) means 'order' or 'command'.
19. 旅行の前の日にけがをしてしまったので、予約を( )した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
キャンセル (kyanseru) means 'cancellation'. '予約をキャンセルした' means 'canceled the reservation'. The sentence means 'I got injured the day before the trip, so I canceled the reservation.'
Why other options are incorrect:
カット (katto) means 'cut'.
オープン (ōpun) means 'open'.
チェックアウト (chekkuauto) means 'check-out' (from a hotel).
20. すしや天ぷらは( ) 日本料理として海外の人々に知られている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
代表的な (だいひょうてきな) means 'representative' or 'typical'. The sentence means 'Sushi and tempura are known to people overseas as representative Japanese dishes.'
Why other options are incorrect:
実用的な (jitsuyōtekina) means 'practical' or 'utilitarian'.
効果的な (kōkatekina) means 'effective'.
積極的な (sekkyokutekina) means 'positive' or 'active'.
21. 疲れているときは、( )のある物を食べて、よく休みましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
栄養 (えいよう) means 'nutrition'. '栄養のある物' means 'nutritious food'. The sentence means 'When you are tired, eat nutritious food and rest well.'
Why other options are incorrect:
影響 (eikyō) means 'influence' or 'effect'.
食欲 (shokuyoku) means 'appetite'.
健康 (kenkō) means 'health'.
22. 誰にも見られないように、日記は机の引き出しの奥に( )ある。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
隠して (かくして) is the te-form of 隠す (かくす), meaning 'to hide'. The sentence means 'The diary is hidden deep inside the desk drawer so that no one can see it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
捨てて (sutete) is the te-form of 捨てる, meaning 'to throw away'.
埋めて (umete) is the te-form of 埋める, meaning 'to bury'.
加えて (kuwaete) is the te-form of 加える, meaning 'to add'.
23. 今年の新入生の中で、留学を考えている学生の( )は約 30 パーセントだった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
割合 (わりあい) means 'ratio' or 'percentage'. The sentence means 'Among this year's new students, the percentage of students considering studying abroad was about 30 percent.'
Why other options are incorrect:
平均 (heikin) means 'average'.
数字 (sūji) means 'number' or 'figure'.
計算 (keisan) means 'calculation'.
24. あの兄弟は顔が( )で、区別できない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
そっくり (sokkuri) is an adverb meaning 'exactly alike' or 'just like'. The sentence means 'Those brothers look exactly alike, so I can't tell them apart.'
Why other options are incorrect:
しっかり (shikkari) means 'firmly' or 'steadily'.
びっくり (bikkuri) means 'surprised' (often used with する).
がっかりし (gakkari shi) is from がっかりする (gakkari suru), meaning 'to be disappointed'.
25. 捕まえた虫を( )して、形や色を記録した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
観察 (かんさつ) means 'observation' or 'to observe'. The sentence means 'I observed the captured insect and recorded its shape and color.'
Why other options are incorrect:
観光 (kankō) means 'sightseeing'.
見学 (kengaku) means 'study visit' or 'inspection tour'.
見物 (kenbutsu) means 'sightseeing' or 'spectating' (often of an event).
問題4 ____に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい
26. 小林部長には<u>すべて</u>報告しました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
すべて (subete) means 'all' or 'everything'. 全部 (zenbu) also means 'all' or 'everything', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I reported everything to Manager Kobayashi.'
Why other options are incorrect:
最初に (saisho ni) means 'at first' or 'initially'.
もう (mō) means 'already' or 'anymore'.
だいたい (daitai) means 'mostly' or 'approximately'.
27. 何か別の<u>手段</u>はありますか。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
手段 (しゅだん) means 'means' or 'method'. やり方 (yarikata) means 'way of doing' or 'method', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'Is there any other method?'
Why other options are incorrect:
アイディア (aidia) means 'idea'.
サービス (sābisu) means 'service'.
お知らせ (oshirase) means 'notice' or 'announcement'.
28. 昨日は本当に<u>くたびれた</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
くたびれた (kutabireta) means 'exhausted' or 'worn out'. 疲れた (tsukareta) means 'tired', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'I was really exhausted yesterday.'
Why other options are incorrect:
困った (komatta) means 'troubled' or 'in difficulty'.
眠かった (nemukatta) means 'was sleepy'.
恥ずかしかった (hazukashikatta) means 'was embarrassed' or 'was shy'.
29. 中村さんたちはずっと<u>だまって</u>仕事をしていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
だまって (damatte) is the te-form of 黙る (damaru), meaning 'to be silent' or 'to keep quiet'. 何も言わずに (nani mo iwazu ni) means 'without saying anything', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'Mr. Nakamura and others worked silently the whole time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
座らずに (suwarazu ni) means 'without sitting'.
休まずに (yasumazu ni) means 'without resting'.
何も食べずに (nani mo tabezu ni) means 'without eating anything'.
30. 薬を飲んだら、熱は<u>次第に</u>下がってきた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
次第に (しだいに) means 'gradually' or 'little by little'. 少しずつ (sukoshi zutsu) means 'little by little', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'After taking the medicine, my fever gradually went down.'
Why other options are incorrect:
すぐに (sugu ni) means 'immediately'.
どんどん (don don) means 'rapidly' or 'steadily' (implies continuous progress).
やっと (yatto) means 'finally' or 'at last'.
問題5 次のことばの使い方として最もよいものを1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい
31. 移動
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
移動 (いどう) means 'movement' or 'transfer' (of people or objects from one place to another). Option 2, '名前を呼ばれた人は、隣の部屋に移動してください。' (Please move to the next room if your name is called.), correctly uses 移動 to mean physical movement of people.
Why other options are incorrect:
ニュースが移動する is incorrect. News spreads (広がる), not moves.
時計の針が移動する is incorrect. Clock hands move (動く), not 移動.
風邪が移動する is incorrect. A cold spreads (うつる) or is transmitted, not moves.
32. 預ける
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
預ける (あずける) means 'to entrust' or 'to deposit' (e.g., luggage, money, a child). Option 1, 'ホテルに着いたが、まだ部屋に入れなかったので、受付に荷物を預けて出かけた。' (I arrived at the hotel, but couldn't enter the room yet, so I left my luggage at the reception and went out.), correctly uses 預ける for entrusting luggage.
Why other options are incorrect:
大家さんが部屋を預ける is incorrect. The landlord rents out (貸す) rooms, not entrusts them to students.
冷蔵庫に料理を預ける is incorrect. Food is stored (保存する) or put (入れる) in the refrigerator, not entrusted.
財布に1万円預けた is incorrect. Money is put (入れた) into a wallet, not deposited. 預ける is used for depositing money *into a bank*.
33. 新鮮
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
新鮮 (しんせん) means 'fresh' (typically for food, air, or ideas). Option 3, '駅前のスーパーでは新鮮な野菜を売っている。' (The supermarket in front of the station sells fresh vegetables.), correctly uses 新鮮 for food.
Why other options are incorrect:
新鮮な技術 is not typical. 新しい (new) or 最先端の (cutting-edge) would be more appropriate for technology.
新鮮なCD is incorrect. 新しい (new) or 最新の (latest) would be used for a CD.
新鮮な社員 is incorrect. 新人 (newcomer) or 新しい (new) would be used for an employee.
34. 清潔
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
清潔 (せいけつ) means 'clean' or 'hygienic'. It refers to a state of being free from dirt or germs. Option 4, 'このホテルは古いが、部屋はよく掃除されていて清潔だ。' (This hotel is old, but the rooms are well-cleaned and hygienic.), correctly uses 清潔 to describe a clean room.
Why other options are incorrect:
清潔な声 is incorrect. A voice can be clear (澄んだ) or beautiful (美しい), but not 清潔.
清潔な自然 is incorrect. Nature can be pure (清らかな) or untouched (手つかずの), but not 清潔.
清潔な気持ち is incorrect. One might feel refreshed (さっぱりした気持ち) or clean (きれいな気持ち), but not 清潔な気持ち.
35. 混ぜる
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
混ぜる (まぜる) means 'to mix' or 'to blend' (physical mixing of substances). Option 2, '赤と白の絵の具を混ぜて、ピンク色を作った。' (I mixed red and white paints to make pink.), correctly uses 混ぜる for mixing colors.
Why other options are incorrect:
アルバイト代と貯金を混ぜる is incorrect. Money is combined (合わせる) or added (足す), not mixed.
力を混ぜる is incorrect. Strengths are combined (合わせる) or united (協力する), not mixed.
銀行を混ぜる is incorrect. Banks merge (合併する) or combine (統合する), not mix.