2017/12 JLPT N3 Letters and Vocabulary test
問題1__のことばの読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
中村部長と<u>直接</u>話した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
直接 (ちょくせつ) is the correct reading for the kanji 直接, which means 'directly'. The sentence means 'I spoke directly with Manager Nakamura'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This reading is incorrect; the correct reading is ちょくせつ.
This reading is incorrect; ちょうせつ (調説) means 'adjustment' or 'mediation'.
This reading is incorrect; ちょうぜつ (超絶) means 'transcendence'.
これはすぐには<u>燃えません</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
燃えません (もえません) is the correct reading for the kanji 燃えません, which means 'will not burn'. The sentence means 'This will not burn easily'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 煮えません (will not boil).
This is the reading for 冷えません (will not cool down).
This is the reading for 消えません (will not disappear/turn off).
この<u>位置</u>に車を止めてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
位置 (いち) is the correct reading for the kanji 位置, which means 'position'. The sentence means 'Please park the car in this position'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This reading is incorrect.
This reading is incorrect; いじ (維持) means 'maintenance'.
This reading is incorrect; とち (土地) means 'land'.
<u>計算</u>ができたので見てください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
計算 (けいさん) is the correct reading for the kanji 計算, which means 'calculation'. The sentence means 'I've finished the calculation, so please take a look'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 計画 (けいかく), meaning 'plan'.
This reading is incorrect.
This is the reading for 経済学 (けいざいがく), meaning 'economics', or 軽学 (けいがく), meaning 'light study'.
ずっとパソコンを使っていて疲れたので、腕を<u>回して</u>みた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
回して (まわして) is the correct reading for the kanji 回して, which means 'to turn/rotate'. The sentence means 'I was tired from using the computer for a long time, so I tried rotating my arms'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 押して (おして), meaning 'to push'.
This is the reading for 下ろして (おろして), meaning 'to lower' or 'to take down'.
This is the reading for 伸ばして (のばして), meaning 'to stretch' or 'to extend'.
ここは<u>禁煙</u>です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
禁煙 (きんえん) is the correct reading for the kanji 禁煙, which means 'no smoking'. The sentence means 'Smoking is prohibited here'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 記念 (きねん), meaning 'commemoration'.
This reading is incorrect.
This is the reading for 近年 (きんねん), meaning 'recent years'.
きれいに<u>結んで</u>ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
結んで (むすんで) is the correct reading for the kanji 結んで, which means 'to tie' or 'to bind'. The sentence means 'Please tie it neatly'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 畳んで (たたんで), meaning 'to fold'.
This is the reading for 包んで (つつんで), meaning 'to wrap'.
This is the reading for 並んで (ならんで), meaning 'to line up'.
<u>手術</u>をしなくても治りますから、大丈夫ですよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
手術 (しゅじゅつ) is the correct reading for the kanji 手術, which means 'surgery'. The sentence means 'You'll recover without needing surgery, so it's alright'.
Why other options are incorrect:
This reading is incorrect.
This reading is incorrect.
This reading is incorrect.
問題2_のことばを漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
次の目標は 10 <u>びょう</u>です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
秒 is the correct kanji for びょう, which means 'second'. The sentence means 'The next goal is 10 seconds'.
Why other options are incorrect:
培 (ばい) means 'to cultivate'.
抄 (しょう) means 'extract' or 'copy'.
倍 (ばい) means 'double' or 'times'.
ボールが遠くまで<u>とんだ</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
飛んだ is the correct kanji for とんだ, which means 'flew'. The sentence means 'The ball flew far'.
Why other options are incorrect:
投 (なげ) means 'to throw'. 投んだ is not a standard word.
打 (う) means 'to hit'. 打んだ is not a standard word.
転んだ (ころんだ) means 'fell down'.
ここは、<u>さかみち</u>が多いですね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
坂道 is the correct kanji for さかみち, which means 'slope/hill road'. The sentence means 'There are many slopes here, aren't there?'.
Why other options are incorrect:
岩道 (いわみち) means 'rocky road'.
板道 (いたみち) means 'boardwalk'.
石道 (いしみち) means 'stone road'.
この皿だけ色が<u>ちがいます</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
違います is the correct kanji for ちがいます, which means 'is different/wrong'. The sentence means 'Only this plate has a different color'.
Why other options are incorrect:
遺 (のこ) means 'to leave behind'. 遺います is not a standard word.
達 (たつ) means 'to reach'. 達います is not a standard word.
遅 (おく) means 'late'. 遅います is not a standard word.
あの会社とは、いい<u>かんけい</u>をつくりたい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
関係 is the correct kanji for かんけい, which means 'relationship'. The sentence means 'I want to build a good relationship with that company'.
Why other options are incorrect:
関 (かん) means 'relation', but the second kanji is incorrect.
間 (かん) means 'interval', but the second kanji is incorrect.
間 (かん) means 'interval', but the second kanji is incorrect.
父は<u>きょうし</u>をしています。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
教師 is the correct kanji for きょうし, which means 'teacher'. The sentence means 'My father is a teacher'.
Why other options are incorrect:
仕 (し) means 'service', not typically used for teacher.
帥 (すい) means 'commander', not typically used for teacher.
任 (にん) means 'responsibility', not typically used for teacher.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
今から行うインタビューの( )は、授業に対する希望を聞くことです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
目的 means 'purpose, aim' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'The purpose of the interview we are about to conduct is to ask for wishes regarding the class.'
Why other options are incorrect:
影響 (えいきょう) means 'influence' or 'effect', which doesn't fit the context of asking for wishes.
様子 (ようす) means 'state' or 'appearance', which doesn't fit the context.
原因 (げんいん) means 'cause' or 'origin', which doesn't fit the context.
食事中、コップを( )に落として割ってしまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
床 means 'floor' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'During the meal, I dropped the glass on the floor and broke it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
天井 (てんじょう) means 'ceiling'.
屋根 (やね) means 'roof'.
壁 (かべ) means 'wall'.
駅前に建設中の立派なマンションが、来月ついにく( )するらしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
完成 means 'completion' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'The magnificent apartment building under construction in front of the station seems to finally be completed next month.'
Why other options are incorrect:
開場 (かいじょう) means 'opening of a venue'.
発展 (はってん) means 'development' or 'growth'.
進行 (しんこう) means 'progress' or 'advance'.
この店の料理は安くておいしいので、店の前にはいつも長い( )ができている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
列 means 'line, queue' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'The food at this restaurant is cheap and delicious, so there's always a long line in front of the store.'
Why other options are incorrect:
線 (せん) means 'line' (as in a drawn line).
帯 (おび) means 'belt' or 'sash'.
波 (なみ) means 'wave'.
最近太ったので、ズボンがきつくて、はくとすぐに( )なってしまう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
くるしく means 'painful, tight (adverbial form of 苦しい)' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'I've gained weight recently, so my pants are tight and become painful as soon as I wear them.'
Why other options are incorrect:
まぶしく (眩しく) means 'dazzlingly' or 'glaringly'.
きびしく (厳しく) means 'strictly' or 'severely'.
あやしく (怪しく) means 'suspiciously' or 'dubiously'.
この小説の中に( )する人たちは、皆大きな夢を持っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
登場 means 'appearance (on stage, in a story)' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'The people who appear in this novel all have big dreams.'
Why other options are incorrect:
滞在 (たいざい) means 'stay' or 'sojourn'.
発生 (はっせい) means 'occurrence' or 'outbreak'.
同席 (どうせき) means 'sitting together' or 'sharing a table'.
薬を飲んでゆっくり休んだら()良くなったので、明日は会社に行けそうです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ずいぶん means 'quite, considerably' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'After taking medicine and resting well, I got considerably better, so I think I can go to work tomorrow.'
Why other options are incorrect:
かならず (必ず) means 'surely' or 'without fail'.
なるべく means 'as much as possible'.
いつでも means 'anytime'.
山口さんは、どんなときでも慌てないで( )行動できる人だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
落ちついて means 'calmly, composedly' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'Yamaguchi-san is a person who can act calmly no matter the situation.'
Why other options are incorrect:
間に合って (まにあって) means 'to be on time'.
引受けて (ひきうけて) means 'to undertake' or 'to take on'.
気になって (きになって) means 'to be concerned about' or 'to be on one's mind'.
パスポートを( )するため、必要な書類を持って窓口へ行った。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
申請 means 'application' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'I went to the counter with the necessary documents to apply for a passport.'
Why other options are incorrect:
応募 (おうぼ) means 'application' (for a job, contest, etc.). While similar, 申請 is more appropriate for official documents like passports.
注文 (ちゅうもん) means 'order' (for goods or services).
期待 (きたい) means 'expectation' or 'hope'.
服にコーヒーがついて ( )になってしまい、何回も洗ったがきれいにならない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
しみ means 'stain' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'Coffee got on my clothes and became a stain, and no matter how many times I washed it, it wouldn't come clean.'
Why other options are incorrect:
傷 (きず) means 'wound' or 'scratch'.
かび (黴) means 'mold'.
泡 (あわ) means 'bubble' or 'foam'.
あの兄弟は双子みたいに顔がく( )で、区別できないね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
そっくり means 'exactly alike, just like' and fits the context of the sentence. The sentence means: 'Those siblings look exactly alike, like twins, so I can't tell them apart.'
Why other options are incorrect:
はっきり means 'clearly' or 'distinctly'.
うっかり means 'carelessly' or 'by mistake'.
すっかり means 'completely' or 'entirely'.
問題 4_ __に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
前田さんも<u>協力して</u>ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
協力して means 'to cooperate'. 手伝って also means 'to help', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
急いで (いそいで) means 'hurrying'.
決めて (きめて) means 'deciding'.
がんばって means 'doing one's best'.
この仕事の<u>スケジュール</u>を教えてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
スケジュール means 'schedule'. 予定 also means 'plan', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
規則 (きそく) means 'rule'.
やり方 (やりかた) means 'method'.
結果 (けっか) means 'result'.
食事代は<u>約1万円</u>でした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
約1万円 means 'approximately 10,000 yen'. だいたい1万円 also means 'about 10,000 yen', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
ちょうど1万円 means 'exactly 10,000 yen'.
1万円以上 means '10,000 yen or more'.
1万円以下 means '10,000 yen or less'.
高橋さんに<u>どなられた</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
どなられた means 'was yelled at'. 大声で怒られた also means 'was angrily shouted at', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
小声で怒られた means 'was angrily spoken to in a low voice'.
大声で笑われた means 'was laughed at loudly'.
小声で笑われた means 'was laughed at in a low voice'.
中島さんは<u>あらゆる</u>質問に丁寧に答えた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
あらゆる means 'all, every'. 全部の also means 'all of', making it the closest synonym.
Why other options are incorrect:
一つの (ひとつの) means 'one (of something)'.
難しい (むずかしい) means 'difficult'.
簡単な (かんたんな) means 'easy'.
問題 5 つぎのことばの使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
<u>減少</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
減少 means 'decrease, reduction'. Option 1 correctly uses 減少 in the sentence: 'わたしが勤めている高校では、図書室の利用者がかなり<u>減少</u>している。', which means 'At the high school where I work, the number of library users has decreased considerably.'
Why other options are incorrect:
減少 (げんしょう) refers to a decrease in quantity or number, not a decrease in price. For price, 値下がり (ねさがり) or 安くなる (やすくなる) would be used.
減少 (げんしょう) refers to a decrease in quantity or number, not a decrease in academic performance. For grades, 下がる (さがる) or 悪くなる (わるくなる) would be used.
減少 (げんしょう) refers to a decrease in quantity or number, not a reduction in size. For size, 縮小 (しゅくしょう) or 小さくする (ちいさくする) would be used.
<u>身につける </u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
身につける means 'to acquire (knowledge, skills), to wear (on one's person)'. Option 2 correctly uses 身につける in the sentence: '今回の留学では多くの知識を<u>身につける</u>ことができたと思う。', which means 'I think I was able to acquire a lot of knowledge during this study abroad.'
Why other options are incorrect:
身につける (みにつける) means 'to acquire (skills/knowledge)' or 'to wear (clothes/accessories)'. It does not mean 'to make friends'.
身につける (みにつける) means 'to acquire' or 'to wear'. It does not mean 'to absorb nutrition'. For nutrition, 栄養を摂る (えいようをとる) would be used.
身につける (みにつける) means 'to acquire' or 'to wear'. It does not mean 'to take a dog for a walk'. For walking a dog, 犬を連れて散歩する (いぬをつれてさんぽする) would be used.
<u>中古</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
中古 means 'used, second-hand'. Option 3 correctly uses 中古 in the sentence: '新しい冷蔵庫は高いので先輩から<u>中古</u>をもらったが、問題なく使えそうだ。', which means 'A new refrigerator is expensive, so I received a used one from my senior, and it seems to work without any problems.'
Why other options are incorrect:
中古 (ちゅうこ) means 'used' or 'second-hand'. It is not used to describe an experienced employee. For an experienced employee, 経験者 (けいけんしゃ) or ベテラン (veteran) would be used.
中古 (ちゅうこ) means 'used' or 'second-hand'. It is not used to describe outdated information. For outdated information, 古い情報 (ふるいじょうほう) or 時代遅れの情報 (じだいおくれのじょうほう) would be used.
中古 (ちゅうこ) means 'used' or 'second-hand'. It is not used to describe a long-standing friendship. For a long-standing friendship, 長年の友情 (ながねんのゆうじょう) would be used.
<u>断る</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
断る means 'to refuse, to decline'. Option 4 correctly uses 断る in the sentence: '友人に映画に行こうと言われたが、用事があるので誘いを<u>断った</u>。', which means 'My friend asked me to go to the movies, but I had plans, so I declined the invitation.'
Why other options are incorrect:
断る (ことわる) means 'to refuse' or 'to decline'. It is not used to mean 'not giving up on a dream'. For that, 諦めなかった (あきらめなかった) would be used.
断る (ことわる) means 'to refuse' or 'to decline'. It is not used to mean 'to deny a rumor'. For that, 否定しない (ひていしない) or 打ち消さない (うちけさない) would be used.
断る (ことわる) means 'to refuse' or 'to decline'. It is not used to mean 'to quit a company'. For that, 会社を辞める (かいしゃをやめる) would be used.
<u>受取る</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
受取る means 'to receive, to accept'. Option 3 correctly uses 受取る in the sentence: '送ってくださった資料は、本日確かに<u>受取りました</u>。', which means 'I certainly received the documents you sent today.'
Why other options are incorrect:
受取る (うけとる) means 'to receive' or 'to accept'. It is not typically used for catching a running child. For that, 受け止める (うけとめる) would be more appropriate.
受取る (うけとる) means 'to receive' or 'to accept'. It is not typically used for hosting a homestay student. For that, 受け入れる (うけいれる) or ホストする (host suru) would be more appropriate.
受取る (うけとる) means 'to receive' or 'to accept'. It is not used for supporting someone's arm to prevent them from falling. For that, 支える (ささえる) or 腕を掴む (うでをつかむ) would be more appropriate.