JLPT Test N3 in 07/2017
問題1 のことばの読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
1. ここは<u>汚い</u>から、ほかの所へ行きましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
汚い (きたない) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'dirty' or 'unclean'. The sentence means "It's dirty here, so let's go somewhere else."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 狭い, meaning 'narrow' or 'small'.
This is the reading for 臭い, meaning 'smelly'.
This is the reading for 煩い/うるさい, meaning 'noisy' or 'annoying'.
2. <u>商品</u>に傷がないか確認します。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
商品 (しょうひん) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'product' or 'merchandise'. The sentence means "I will check if there are any scratches on the product."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 商品.
This is the reading for 製品 (せいひん), which also means 'product' or 'manufactured goods', but it's not the reading for 商品.
This is an incorrect reading for 商品.
3. まだ<u>冷えて</u>いないので、もう少し待ってください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
冷えて (ひえて) is the te-form of 冷える (ひえる), meaning 'to get cold' or 'to cool down'. The sentence means "It's not cold yet, so please wait a little longer."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the te-form of 燃える (もえる), meaning 'to burn'.
This is the te-form of 煮える (にえる), meaning 'to boil' or 'to be cooked'.
This is the te-form of 飢える (うえる), meaning 'to starve' or 'to be hungry'.
4. 体の調子がよくないので、<u>早退し</u>た。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
早退し (そうたいし) is the past tense of 早退する (そうたいする), meaning 'to leave early from work/school'. The sentence means "My physical condition wasn't good, so I left early."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 早退.
This is an incorrect reading for 早退.
This is an incorrect reading for 早退.
5. 大事なことばに<u>下線を</u>引いてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
下線 (かせん) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'underline'. The sentence means "Please underline the important words."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 下線.
This is an incorrect reading for 下線.
This is an incorrect reading for 下線.
6. <u>転んだ</u>ときに、割ってしまったみたいです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
転んだ (ころんだ) is the past tense of 転ぶ (ころぶ), meaning 'to fall down' or 'to tumble'. The sentence means "It seems I broke it when I fell."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the past tense of 運ぶ (はこぶ), meaning 'to carry'.
This is the past tense of 踏む (ふむ), meaning 'to step on'.
This is the past tense of 包む (つつむ), meaning 'to wrap'.
7. 今日の講義の<u>主要な</u>テーマは二つです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
主要な (しゅような) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'main' or 'principal'. The sentence means "There are two main themes for today's lecture."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is the reading for 需要 (じゅよう), meaning 'demand', or 授与 (じゅよ), meaning 'award'.
This is an incorrect reading for 主要.
This is an incorrect reading for 主要.
8. 今でもときどき<u>過去</u>のことを思い出す。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
過去 (かこ) is the correct reading for the kanji, meaning 'the past'. The sentence means "Even now, I sometimes recall things from the past."
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 過去.
This is the reading for 加工 (かこう), meaning 'processing', or 火口 (かこう), meaning 'crater'.
This is the reading for 佳境 (かきょう), meaning 'climax' or 'best part'.
問題2 ことばを漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
9. バスがなかなか来なくて<u>こまりました</u>。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
困りました (こまりました) is the past tense of 困る (こまる), meaning 'to be troubled' or 'to be in difficulty'. The correct kanji is 困.
Why other options are incorrect:
因 (ちなむ) means 'to be related to', which is incorrect in this context.
固 (かたまる) means 'to harden' or 'to solidify', which is incorrect in this context.
四 (よん/し) means 'four', which is incorrect in this context.
10. 給料が上がるのを<u>きたい</u>している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
期待 (きたい) means 'expectation' or 'hope'. The sentence means "I am expecting a salary increase." The correct kanji are 期 and 待.
Why other options are incorrect:
規 (き) means 'rule' or 'standard', making this an incorrect kanji combination for 'expectation'.
順 (じゅん) means 'order' or 'turn', making this an incorrect kanji combination for 'expectation'.
規 (き) means 'rule' and 順 (じゅん) means 'order', making this an incorrect kanji combination for 'expectation'.
11. 昨日は<u>ずつう</u>がひどかったので、家で寝ていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
頭痛 (ずつう) means 'headache'. The sentence means "Yesterday, I had a terrible headache, so I slept at home." The correct kanji are 頭 and 痛.
Why other options are incorrect:
腹痛 (ふくつう) means 'stomachache', not 'headache'.
This is an incorrect kanji combination for 'headache'.
腹痛 (ふくつう) means 'stomachache', not 'headache'. This is a duplicate of option 1.
12. 子どもが公園でいろいろな形の<u>は</u>を集めてきた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
葉 (は) means 'leaf'. The sentence means "My child collected various shapes of leaves in the park." The correct kanji is 葉.
Why other options are incorrect:
草 (くさ) means 'grass'.
菜 (な) means 'vegetable greens'.
芽 (め) means 'bud' or 'sprout'.
13. 銀行へお金を<u>あずけ</u>に行ってきます。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
預け (あずけ) is the stem of 預ける (あずける), meaning 'to deposit' (money) or 'to entrust'. The sentence means "I'm going to the bank to deposit money." The correct kanji is 預.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is related to 借りる (かりる), meaning 'to borrow'.
This is related to 替える (かえる), meaning 'to exchange'.
This is related to 貯める (ためる), meaning 'to save up' or 'to store'.
14. この荷物は東京を<u>けいゆ</u>して送られるそうだ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
経由 (けいゆ) means 'via' or 'by way of'. The sentence means "This luggage will be sent via Tokyo, I hear." The correct kanji are 経 and 由.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect kanji combination for 'via'.
郵 (ゆう) means 'mail' or 'post', making this an incorrect kanji combination for 'via'.
係 (かかり) means 'person in charge' or 'connection', making this an incorrect kanji combination for 'via'.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
15. この町は、50年前と( )して、人口が10万人も増加している。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
比較 (ひかく) means 'comparison'. The phrase "比較して" means "compared to". The sentence means "Compared to 50 years ago, the population of this town has increased by 100,000 people."
Why other options are incorrect:
競争 (きょうそう) means 'competition'. It does not fit the context of comparing population changes.
区別 (くべつ) means 'distinction' or 'differentiation'. It does not fit the context of comparing population changes.
検査 (けんさ) means 'inspection' or 'examination'. It does not fit the context of comparing population changes.
16. 店のアルバイトが足りないので広告を出したら、学生が何人か( )してきた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
応募 (おうぼ) means 'application' or 'response to an advertisement'. The sentence means "When I put out an advertisement because the store was short on part-time staff, several students applied."
Why other options are incorrect:
注文 (ちゅうもん) means 'order' (e.g., for food or goods). It does not fit the context of applying for a job.
交流 (こうりゅう) means 'exchange' or 'interchange' (e.g., cultural exchange). It does not fit the context of applying for a job.
予約 (よやく) means 'reservation' or 'appointment'. It does not fit the context of applying for a job.
17. 池の( )に大きな石が沈んでいる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
底 (そこ) means 'bottom'. The sentence means "A large stone is submerged at the bottom of the pond."
Why other options are incorrect:
壁 (かべ) means 'wall'. A stone would not be submerged in a wall of a pond.
裏 (うら) means 'back' or 'reverse side'. It does not fit the context of a stone being submerged.
周り (まわり) means 'surroundings' or 'around'. While a stone could be around a pond, 'submerged' implies it's in the water, at the bottom.
18. 出張は、多い月も少ない月もありますが、わたしは( ) 一か月に二回くらいです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
平均 (へいきん) means 'average'. The sentence means "There are months with many business trips and months with few, but for me, it's about twice a month on average."
Why other options are incorrect:
割合 (わりあい) means 'rate' or 'ratio'. While related to numbers, it doesn't fit the context of an average frequency.
共通 (きょうつう) means 'common' or 'shared'. It does not fit the context of describing a typical frequency.
中間 (ちゅうかん) means 'middle' or 'intermediate'. It does not fit the context of describing an average frequency.
19. 駅前道路の渋滞間題を( )するために、道路を広くする工事が行われている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
解決 (かいけつ) means 'solution' or 'settlement'. The sentence means "Construction work is being carried out to widen the road in order to solve the traffic congestion problem on the road in front of the station."
Why other options are incorrect:
回収 (かいしゅう) means 'collection' or 'recovery'. It does not fit the context of solving a problem.
修理 (しゅうり) means 'repair'. While roads might be repaired, the problem is congestion, not damage.
中止 (ちゅうし) means 'cancellation' or 'suspension'. It does not fit the context of addressing a problem by widening a road.
20. 電車やバスの中では、騒いだりしないで、( )を守りましょう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
マナー (manner) refers to 'manners' or 'etiquette'. The sentence means "In trains and buses, let's observe good manners and not make noise."
Why other options are incorrect:
メニュー (menu) refers to a list of dishes or options. It is unrelated to behavior.
スピード (speed) refers to velocity. It is unrelated to behavior.
アイディア (idea) refers to a thought or suggestion. It is unrelated to behavior.
21. このビルでは、エレベーターが ( ) 動いているか、コンピューターで確認できる。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
正常に (せいじょうに) means 'normally' or 'properly'. The sentence means "In this building, you can check by computer whether the elevators are operating normally."
Why other options are incorrect:
健康に (けんこうに) means 'healthily'. This term is typically used for living beings, not machines.
立派に (りっぱに) means 'splendidly' or 'excellently'. While an elevator might operate excellently, 'normally' is the more fitting and common term for checking its function.
丁寧に (ていねいに) means 'carefully' or 'politely'. This describes how an action is performed, not the state of a machine's operation.
22. このタオルで、ぬれた手をしっかり( )ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ふいて (ふいて) is the te-form of 拭く (ふく), meaning 'to wipe'. The sentence means "Please thoroughly wipe your wet hands with this towel."
Why other options are incorrect:
栃 (とち) is a kanji for horse chestnut, not a verb. This option is nonsensical.
触れて (ふれて) is the te-form of 触れる (ふれる), meaning 'to touch'. You touch hands with a towel, but you wipe them dry.
なでて (なでて) is the te-form of 撫でる (なでる), meaning 'to stroke' or 'to caress'. This is not appropriate for drying hands.
23. さっきのリーさんのスピーチは本当に素晴らしかったから、リーさんが優勝するのは( )だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
確実 (かくじつ) means 'certain' or 'definite'. The sentence means "Lee's speech just now was truly wonderful, so it's certain that Lee will win."
Why other options are incorrect:
最上 (さいじょう) means 'best' or 'highest'. While Lee might be the best, 'certain' is the more direct fit for the conclusion.
身近 (みぢか) means 'familiar' or 'close at hand'. It does not fit the context of a certain outcome.
単純 (たんじゅん) means 'simple' or 'plain'. It does not fit the context of a certain outcome.
24. 子どもが寝ているので、音をたてないように、ドアを( )閉めた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
そっと (sotto) is an adverb meaning 'gently' or 'softly', often used when being careful not to make noise or disturb something. The sentence means "My child is sleeping, so I gently closed the door so as not to make a sound."
Why other options are incorrect:
がらがら (garagara) is an onomatopoeia for a rattling or clattering sound, or for something being empty/sparse.
とんとん (tonton) is an onomatopoeia for a tapping or knocking sound.
ぐっすり (gussuri) is an adverb meaning 'soundly' (used for sleeping).
25. ポスターを作って、みんなにスポーツ大会への参加を( ) ことにした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
呼びかける (よびかける) means 'to call out to' or 'to appeal to'. The sentence means "We decided to make posters and call on everyone to participate in the sports festival."
Why other options are incorrect:
組み立てる (くみたてる) means 'to assemble' or 'to put together'.
待ち合わせる (まちあわせる) means 'to meet up' or 'to arrange to meet'.
引っ張る (ひっぱる) means 'to pull' or 'to drag'.
問題4 ___に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
26. <u>絶対</u>会いに来てくださいね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
絶対 (ぜったい) means 'absolutely' or 'definitely'. 必ず (かならず) also means 'certainly' or 'without fail', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means "Please definitely come to see me."
Why other options are incorrect:
いつでも (itsudemo) means 'anytime'.
すぐに (sugu ni) means 'immediately' or 'soon'.
また (mata) means 'again'.
27. 山口さんは<u>逆</u>のほうに行きましたよ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
逆 (ぎゃく) means 'reverse' or 'opposite'. 反対 (はんたい) also means 'opposite' or 'contrary', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means "Mr. Yamaguchi went in the opposite direction."
Why other options are incorrect:
外 (そと) means 'outside'.
遠 (とお) means 'far'.
奥 (おく) means 'inner part' or 'back'.
28. みんな木村さんの話を<u>信じている</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
信じている (しんじている) means 'believing'. 本当だと思っている (ほんとうだとおもっている) means 'thinking it's true', which is the closest meaning. The sentence means "Everyone believes Mr. Kimura's story."
Why other options are incorrect:
面白いと思っている (omoshiroi to omotteiru) means 'thinking it's interesting'. This is not the same as believing.
面白くないと思っている (omoshirokunai to omotteiru) means 'thinking it's not interesting'. This is unrelated to belief.
本当じゃないと思っている (hontou janai to omotteiru) means 'thinking it's not true'. This is the opposite of believing.
29. 今日の実験は<u>おしまい</u>です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
おしまい (oshimai) means 'the end' or 'finished'. 終わり (おわり) also means 'the end' or 'finished', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means "Today's experiment is over."
Why other options are incorrect:
初めて (hajimete) means 'for the first time'.
簡単 (kantan) means 'simple' or 'easy'.
成功 (seikou) means 'success'.
30. <u>まぶしくて</u>看板の字がよく見えません。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
まぶしくて (mabushikute) is the te-form of 眩しい (まぶしい), meaning 'dazzling' or 'too bright'. 明るすぎて (あかるすぎて) means 'too bright', which is the closest synonym. The sentence means "It's too bright, so I can't see the letters on the signboard well."
Why other options are incorrect:
小さすぎて (chiisasugite) means 'too small'.
暗すぎて (kurasugite) means 'too dark'. This is the opposite of 'dazzling'.
稼すぎて (kasegisugite) is grammatically incorrect in this context. 稼ぐ (かせぐ) means 'to earn money'.
問題5つぎのことばの使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい。
31. <u>分類</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
分類 (ぶんるい) means 'classification' or 'categorization'. Option 3, "図書館の本は、内容によって分類され、番号が付けられている。" (Books in the library are classified by content and assigned numbers.), correctly uses 分類 to mean sorting into categories.
Why other options are incorrect:
While seasons are distinct, "分類されている" is not the most natural way to describe seasons existing in Japan. It's more about natural division than active classification. A more natural phrasing would be 「分けられている」 (are divided).
「分類して払う」 (to classify and pay) is incorrect. The correct word for paying in installments would be 分割 (ぶんかつ: division/installment).
「歩道と車道が分類されている」 (sidewalk and roadway are classified) is incorrect. The correct word would be 分けられている (わけられている: separated) or 区別されている (くべつされている: distinguished).
32. <u>引き受ける</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
引き受ける (ひきうける) means 'to undertake', 'to take on', or 'to accept (a task/responsibility)'. Option 4, "先程から頼まれた仕事を<u>引き受ける</u>ことにした。" (I decided to take on the work I was asked to do earlier.), correctly uses 引き受ける in the sense of accepting a task.
Why other options are incorrect:
「アドバイスを引き受ける」 (to accept advice) is unnatural. The correct phrase would be アドバイスを受け入れる (to accept advice) or アドバイスを聞く (to listen to advice).
「料理の特徴を引き受けている」 (to take on the characteristics of dishes) is incorrect. It should be 取り入れている (とりいれている: incorporating) or 影響を受けている (えいきょうをうけている: influenced by).
「弟の風邪を引き受けた」 (to take on my brother's cold) is incorrect. This implies taking on a burden, but for illness, it's usually 移る (うつる: to catch/transfer) or うつされた (to be infected).
33. <u>滞在</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
滞在 (たいざい) means 'stay' or 'sojourn', referring to a temporary stay in a place (usually for people). Option 2, "このホテルには、以前、有名な作家が<u>滞在</u>していたそうだ。" (I heard that a famous writer used to stay at this hotel.), correctly uses 滞在 to describe a person staying at a hotel.
Why other options are incorrect:
「珍しい鳥が滞在している」 (rare birds are staying) is incorrect. For animals, 棲息 (せいそく: inhabit) or 生息 (せいそく: live/inhabit) would be more appropriate.
「バスが滞在していた」 (the bus was staying) is incorrect. For vehicles, 停車 (ていしゃ: stopping) or 止まっている (とまっている: stopped) would be used.
「喫茶店に滞在する」 (to stay at a coffee shop) is unnatural for a short period. 滞在 implies a longer, more formal stay (e.g., at a hotel, in a country). For a coffee shop, 留まる (とどまる: to stay/remain) or いる (to be) would be more natural.
34. <u>どきどき</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
どきどき (dokidoki) is an onomatopoeic adverb describing the sound or sensation of a pounding heart, usually due to excitement, nervousness, or fear. Option 1, "先週、大勢の人の前でスピーチをしたとき、緊張で胸が<u>どきどき</u>した。" (Last week, when I gave a speech in front of many people, my heart pounded with nervousness.), correctly uses どきどき to describe a pounding heart due to tension.
Why other options are incorrect:
「時計のどきどきする音」 (the ticking sound of a clock) is incorrect. The sound of a clock is usually カチカチ (kachikachi) or チクタク (chikutaku).
「体がどきどきしてくる」 (body starts to pound) is incorrect for feeling cold. For cold, it would be 震える (ふるえる: to shiver) or ガタガタ (gatagata: rattling/shivering).
「看板がどきどきしている」 (signboard is pounding) is incorrect. For a signboard shaking in the wind, it would be ガタガタ (gatagata: rattling) or 揺れている (ゆれている: shaking).
35. <u>かれる</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
かれる (枯れる) means 'to wither' or 'to dry up' (for plants, trees, etc.). Option 2, "一週間以上も水をやるのを忘れたので、庭の花が<u>かれてしまった</u>。" (I forgot to water the garden flowers for over a week, so they withered.), correctly uses 枯れる for plants.
Why other options are incorrect:
「肉が無くかれてしまった」 (meat withered away) is incorrect. For meat drying out, it would be 乾く (かわく: to dry) or 焦げる (こげる: to burn/scorch).
「機械がかれて動かない」 (machine withered and doesn't move) is incorrect. For a machine breaking down, it would be 壊れる (こわれる: to break) or 錆びる (さびる: to rust).
「雪はすっかりかれた」 (snow withered away) is incorrect. For snow melting, it would be 溶ける (とける: to melt).