2021/07 JLPT N3 Letters and Vocabulary test
問題1 ___のことばの読み方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ えらびなさい。
1. このビルの<u>裏</u>に小さなレストランがあります。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
裏 (うら) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'back' or 'reverse side'. The sentence means 'There is a small restaurant behind this building.'
Why other options are incorrect:
そば (soba) means 'near' or 'beside'.
よこ (yoko) means 'side' or 'horizontal'.
かげ (kage) means 'shadow' or 'shade'.
2. それではゆっくり<u>呼吸</u>をしてください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
呼吸 (こきゅう) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'breathing' or 'respiration'. The sentence means 'Please breathe slowly then.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 呼吸.
This is an incorrect reading for 呼吸.
This is an incorrect reading for 呼吸.
3. あの少年の<u>悲しそう</u>な顔か忘れられない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
悲しそう (かなしそう) is the correct reading for the expression meaning 'looking sad' or 'appearing sad'. The sentence means 'I can't forget that boy's sad-looking face.'
Why other options are incorrect:
やさしそう (yasashisou) means 'looking kind' or 'appearing gentle'.
きびしそう (kibishisou) means 'looking strict' or 'appearing severe'.
さびしそう (sabishisou) means 'looking lonely' or 'appearing desolate'.
4. このあたりに<u>駐車</u>しましよう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
駐車 (ちゅうしゃ) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'parking'. The sentence means 'Let's park around here.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 駐車.
This is an incorrect reading for 駐車.
This is an incorrect reading for 駐車.
5. もう<u>逃げて</u>しまったようた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
逃げて (にげて) is the te-form of 逃げる (にげる), meaning 'to escape' or 'to run away'. The sentence means 'It seems they have already escaped.'
Why other options are incorrect:
なげて (nagete) is the te-form of 投げる (nageru), meaning 'to throw'.
こげて (kogete) is the te-form of 焦げる (kogeru), meaning 'to burn' or 'to char'.
あげて (agete) is the te-form of 上げる (ageru), meaning 'to raise' or 'to give'.
6. <u>努力</u>することは大切だと思います。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
努力 (どりょく) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'effort' or 'endeavor'. The sentence means 'I think making an effort is important.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 努力.
This is an incorrect reading for 努力.
This is an incorrect reading for 努力.
7. それは<u>過去</u>のことです。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
過去 (かこ) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'the past'. The sentence means 'That is a thing of the past.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 過去.
This is an incorrect reading for 過去.
This is an incorrect reading for 過去.
8. 彼は話し方も<u>動作</u>もゆっくりしている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
動作 (どうさ) is the correct reading for the kanji meaning 'action' or 'movement'. The sentence means 'His way of speaking and his movements are both slow.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect reading for 動作.
This is an incorrect reading for 動作.
This is an incorrect reading for 動作.
問題 2 ____のことばを漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つえらびなさい。
9. 昨日、友達が家に<u>とまり</u>にきた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
泊まり (とまり) comes from 泊まる (とまる), meaning 'to stay overnight' or 'to lodge'. The sentence means 'Yesterday, my friend came to stay overnight at my house.'
Why other options are incorrect:
亭 (ちん) is a kanji for a pavilion or arbor, not related to staying overnight.
留まる (とまる) means 'to stop' or 'to remain', but 泊まる is specifically for staying overnight.
止まり (tomari) comes from 止まる (tomaru), meaning 'to stop' or 'to halt'. While it has the same reading, the meaning is different.
10. 書類にはこの学校も<u>きそく</u>が書かれていた。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
規則 (きそく) is the correct kanji for 'rule' or 'regulation'. The sentence means 'The rules of this school were written in the document.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This kanji combination does not form the word きそく with the meaning of 'rule'.
This kanji combination does not form the word きそく with the meaning of 'rule'.
This kanji combination does not form the word きそく with the meaning of 'rule'.
11. ここには<u>あたたかい</u>ですね。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
暖かい (あたたかい) is the correct kanji for 'warm' (referring to temperature, weather, or atmosphere). The sentence means 'It's warm here, isn't it?'
Why other options are incorrect:
明 (あか) means 'bright', but 明かい is not a standard word for 'warm'.
暑い (あつい) means 'hot' (weather), but 暑かい is not a standard word.
熱い (あつい) means 'hot' (to the touch), but 熱かい is not a standard word.
12. <u>やっきょく</u>がなかなか見つかりません。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
薬局 (やっきょく) is the correct kanji for 'pharmacy' or 'drugstore'. The sentence means 'I can't seem to find a pharmacy.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This is an incorrect kanji combination for 'pharmacy'.
楽 (らく) means 'easy' or 'comfort', not related to pharmacy.
楽曲 (がっきょく) means 'musical piece'.
13. お皿は<u>かさねて</u>その棚にしまってください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
重ねて (かさねて) is the te-form of 重ねる (かさねる), meaning 'to stack' or 'to pile up'. The sentence means 'Please stack the plates and put them on that shelf.'
Why other options are incorrect:
整 (ととの) means 'to arrange' or 'to tidy', but 整ねて is not the correct form for stacking.
死 (し) means 'death', and 死ねて is not a relevant verb here.
階 (かい) means 'floor' or 'story', not related to stacking.
14. 机の上に<u>でんごん</u>のメモがあった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
伝言 (でんごん) is the correct kanji for 'message' (spoken or written). The sentence means 'There was a message memo on the desk.'
Why other options are incorrect:
伝記 (でんき) means 'biography'.
転記 (てんき) means 'transcription' or 'copying'.
転々 (てんてん) means 'from place to place' or 'rolling about'.
問題3 ( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ えらびなさい。
15. マラソン大会は台風で ( ) されることになりました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
延期 (えんき) means 'postponement' or 'delay'. It is the most appropriate word for an event being delayed due to circumstances like a typhoon. The sentence means 'The marathon event was postponed due to the typhoon.'
Why other options are incorrect:
遅刻 (ちこく) means 'lateness' or 'being late'. This applies to a person, not an event.
運休 (うんきゅう) means 'suspension of service' (for transportation like trains/buses). It is not applicable to a marathon event.
早退 (そうたい) means 'leaving early' (from work/school). This applies to a person, not an event.
16. 毎日水をやらないと花が ( ) しまう。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
枯れて (かれて) is the te-form of 枯れる (かれる), meaning 'to wither' or 'to die' (for plants). The sentence means 'If you don't water the flowers every day, they will wither.'
Why other options are incorrect:
とめて (tomete) is the te-form of 止める (tomeru), meaning 'to stop'.
きめて (kimete) is the te-form of 決める (kimeru), meaning 'to decide'.
やせて (yasete) is the te-form of 痩せる (yaseru), meaning 'to get thin' or 'to lose weight'.
17. この犬は子供のころから ( ) されているので、人が大勢いてもおとなしい。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
訓練 (くんれん) means 'training' or 'drill'. It is the appropriate word for an animal being taught to behave. The sentence means 'This dog has been trained since it was a puppy, so it is calm even when there are many people.'
Why other options are incorrect:
工夫 (kufuu) means 'device', 'contrivance', or 'ingenuity'. It is not suitable for training an animal.
用意 (youi) means 'preparation' or 'arrangements'.
計画 (keikaku) means 'plan' or 'project'.
18. 明日は7時に出かけるので、目覚まし時計を 6 時に ( ) した。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
セット (set) means 'to set' or 'to arrange'. In this context, it means to set an alarm clock. The sentence means 'I'm leaving at 7 tomorrow, so I set my alarm clock for 6.'
Why other options are incorrect:
スタート (start) means 'to begin'. It is not used for setting an alarm.
ストップ (stop) means 'to stop'.
マーク (mark) means 'to mark' or 'a mark'.
19. 忙しいのにこんな待たされて時間が ( )。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
もったいない (mottainai) expresses a feeling of regret over waste, or that something is too good to be wasted. Here, it means 'what a waste' of time. The sentence means 'I'm busy, but I was made to wait like this, and it's such a waste of time.'
Why other options are incorrect:
だらしない (darashinai) means 'sloppy' or 'untidy'.
しようがない (shou ga nai) means 'it can't be helped' or 'there's nothing to be done'. While it expresses resignation, 'mottainai' specifically highlights the wastefulness of the time.
なさけない (nasakenai) means 'pitiful' or 'shameful'.
20. 友人の家で食べたケーキが美味しかったので( )と作り方を教えてもらった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
材料 (ざいりょう) means 'ingredients' or 'materials'. When asking about how to make food, 'ingredients' is the appropriate term. The sentence means 'The cake I ate at my friend's house was delicious, so I asked them to teach me the ingredients and how to make it.'
Why other options are incorrect:
資源 (shigen) means 'resources'.
部品 (buhin) means 'parts' or 'components' (typically for machinery or products).
原因 (gen'in) means 'cause' or 'origin'.
21. このソファーの愛用 ( ) にアンケートをした。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
愛用者 (あいようしゃ) means 'regular user' or 'patron'. 者 (sha) is a suffix meaning 'person' or 'one who does/is', forming a common compound with 愛用. The sentence means 'We conducted a survey of the regular users of this sofa.'
Why other options are incorrect:
屋 (ya) is a suffix for a shop or a person who sells something (e.g., パン屋 - baker).
人 (jin/nin) is a general counter for people or a suffix for nationality. While it means 'person', 愛用人 is not a standard compound.
員 (in) is a suffix for a member of a group or staff (e.g., 会社員 - company employee).
22. 工事のせいで道路が ( )していて、車がなかなか前に進まない。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
渋滞 (じゅうたい) means 'traffic jam' or 'congestion'. This is the most fitting word to describe a road where cars are not moving due to construction. The sentence means 'Due to the construction, the road is congested, and cars are not moving forward easily.'
Why other options are incorrect:
故障 (koshou) means 'breakdown' or 'failure' (typically for machinery or equipment).
増加 (zouka) means 'increase'.
集合 (shuugou) means 'gathering' or 'assembly'.
23. 薬の ( ) が出て、少し具合はよくなりました。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
効果 (こうか) means 'effect' or 'result'. The phrase 薬の効果が出る means 'the medicine takes effect'. The sentence means 'The medicine took effect, and I feel a little better.'
Why other options are incorrect:
成績 (seiseki) means 'grade' or 'result' (academic).
応援 (ouen) means 'support' or 'cheering'.
価値 (kachi) means 'value' or 'worth'.
24. 彼は日本にまだ一年しか住んでいないのに、日本語が ( ) だ。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
ペラペラ (perapera) is an onomatopoeic word meaning 'fluent' (in speaking a foreign language). It fits the context of someone speaking Japanese well despite short residency. The sentence means 'Even though he has only lived in Japan for one year, his Japanese is fluent.'
Why other options are incorrect:
さらさら (sarasara) describes a rustling sound, or something smooth/silky.
ばらばら (barabara) describes something scattered or falling apart.
ふらふら (furafura) describes being dizzy or unsteady.
25. この学校で一生懸命に勉強して、知識や技術を ( ) と思っている。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
身につけたい (mi ni tsuketai) is the tai-form of 身につける (mi ni tsukeru), meaning 'to acquire' or 'to master' (skills, knowledge). This is the correct verb for gaining knowledge and skills through study. The sentence means 'I intend to study hard at this school and acquire knowledge and skills.'
Why other options are incorrect:
気に入りたい (ki ni iritai) is the tai-form of 気に入る (ki ni iru), meaning 'to like' or 'to be pleased with'.
押し込みたい (oshikomitai) is the tai-form of 押し込む (oshikomu), meaning 'to push into' or 'to cram'.
取り上げたい (toriagetai) is the tai-form of 取り上げる (toriageru), meaning 'to take up' or 'to confiscate'.
問題4 __に意味が最も近いものを、1・2・3・4から一つえらびなさい 。
26. 今日の会議では<u>さまざま</u>な意見が出た。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
さまざま (samazama) means 'various' or 'diverse'. いろいろな (iroiro na) also means 'various' or 'diverse', making it the closest synonym. The sentence means 'Various opinions were expressed at today's meeting.'
Why other options are incorrect:
とくべつ (tokubetsu) means 'special'.
すばらしい (subarashii) means 'wonderful' or 'excellent'.
あたらしい (atarashii) means 'new'.
27. できるだけ早めに<u>報告して</u>ください。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
報告して (houkokushite) is the te-form of 報告する (houkoku suru), meaning 'to report' or 'to inform'. 知らせて (shirasete) is the te-form of 知らせる (shiraseru), meaning 'to inform' or 'to notify', which is the closest in meaning. The sentence means 'Please report as soon as possible.'
Why other options are incorrect:
頼んで (tanonde) is the te-form of 頼む (tanomu), meaning 'to ask' or 'to request'.
尋ねて (tazunete) is the te-form of 尋ねる (tazuneru), meaning 'to ask' or 'to inquire'.
探して (sagashite) is the te-form of 探す (sagasu), meaning 'to search' or 'to look for'.
28. 山田さんは<u>絶対に</u>来ると思います。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
絶対に (zettai ni) means 'absolutely' or 'definitely'. かならず (kanarazu) means 'without fail' or 'certainly', expressing the same strong certainty. The sentence means 'I think Mr. Yamada will definitely come.'
Why other options are incorrect:
あとで (atode) means 'later'.
すぐに (sugu ni) means 'immediately'.
たぶん (tabun) means 'perhaps' or 'maybe', which expresses uncertainty, the opposite of 絶対に.
29. この話は<u>おしまい</u>です。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
おしまい (oshimai) means 'the end' or 'finished'. おわり (owari) also means 'the end' or 'finished', making it a direct synonym. The sentence means 'This story is finished.'
Why other options are incorrect:
すごい (sugoi) means 'amazing' or 'terrible'.
はじめて (hajimete) means 'for the first time'.
おもしろい (omoshiroi) means 'interesting'.
30. 先週、学校を<u>サボって</u>しまった。
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
サボる (saboru) is a colloquial verb meaning 'to skip (school/work)' or 'to goof off', often implying doing so out of laziness or desire to play. Therefore, 'I wanted to play, so I skipped school' is the closest meaning. The sentence means 'Last week, I skipped school.'
Why other options are incorrect:
This means 'I got sick and quit school.' サボる does not imply quitting or illness.
This means 'I got sick and took a break from school.' サボる does not imply illness.
This means 'I wanted to play, so I quit school.' サボる implies skipping temporarily, not quitting permanently.
問題5 つぎのことばの使い方として最もよいものを、1・2・3・4 から一つ えらびなさい。
31. <u>オーバー</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
オーバー (over) means 'exceeding' or 'going over' a limit, often used for budget or quantity. Option 2, 'There was nothing cheap, so I went over budget by 10,000 yen,' correctly uses オーバー to mean exceeding a financial limit.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is incorrect. You would typically say the departure time was 遅れた (okureta - delayed) or 過ぎた (sugita - passed).
This is incorrect. You might say 頭がパンクした (atama ga panku shita - my head exploded/overloaded) for thinking too much.
This is incorrect. You would say 料理が多すぎて (ryouri ga oosugite - there's too much food) if you can't eat anymore.
32. <u>欠点</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
欠点 (けってん) means 'defect', 'flaw', or 'weak point'. Option 1, 'This place has a good view, but it has the drawback (defect) of being far from the station,' correctly uses 欠点 to describe a disadvantage or flaw.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is incorrect. You would say 栄養が偏らないように (eiyou ga katayoranai you ni - so that nutrition isn't unbalanced) or 栄養不足にならないように (eiyou busoku ni naranai you ni - so that there's no nutritional deficiency).
This is incorrect. You would say 傷 (kizu - scratch/damage) or 凹み (hekkomi - dent) for damage to a car.
This is incorrect. You would say 間違い (machigai - mistake) or 不備 (fubi - deficiency/flaw) for an error in an email address.
33. <u>親しい</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
親しい (したしい) means 'intimate', 'close', or 'familiar' (referring to relationships with people). Option 4, 'I just moved, so I don't have any close people nearby yet,' correctly uses 親しい to describe close personal relationships.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is incorrect. You would say 詳しかった (kuwashikatta - was knowledgeable about) or 得意だった (tokui datta - was good at) when referring to familiarity with a subject.
This is incorrect. You would say 詳しい道 (kuwashii michi - detailed road) or よく知っている道 (yoku shitteiru michi - a road she knows well) for a road one is familiar with.
This is incorrect. 親しい describes a state of closeness, not an action of becoming close or feeling nostalgic. You might say 親睦を深めた (shinboku o fukameta - deepened our friendship) or 懐かしかった (natsukashikatta - felt nostalgic).
34. <u>詰める</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
詰める (つめる) means 'to pack', 'to stuff', or 'to fill'. Option 1, 'I'm returning to my home country tomorrow, so I packed clothes and souvenirs into my bag,' correctly uses 詰める in the context of packing items into a bag.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is incorrect. You would say 並べて (narabete - arranged) or 置いて (oite - placed) dishes on a table.
This is incorrect. You would say 書き留めた (kakidometa - wrote down) or 記録した (kiroku shita - recorded) important things in a notebook.
This is incorrect. You would say 手を突っ込んで (te o tsukkonde - put my hand into) a pocket.
35. <u>支給</u>
Detailed Explanation
Why this is correct:
支給 (しきゅう) means 'provision' or 'supply' (of money, goods, etc., often by an organization or employer). Option 3, 'This company provides transportation costs from home to the office,' correctly uses 支給 to describe an allowance or payment from a company.
Why other options are incorrect:
This is incorrect. 支給 is typically from an organization, not a personal gift. You would say 贈ろう (okurou - give/present) or 買おう (kaou - buy).
This is incorrect. You would say 提出しに行く (teishutsu shi ni iku - go to submit) a report to a teacher.
This is incorrect. You would say 配布してください (haifu shite kudasai - distribute) or 渡してください (watashite kudasai - hand over) materials.