JLPT N2 Grammar List

All 197 JLPT N2 grammar patterns in one place, with usage rules, English meanings, and example sentences. Free, printable, and searchable. No sign-up needed.

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Showing 197 of 197 grammar patterns

  1. 01N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ใ’ใ

    to end up; in the end; finally; after all ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form) + ใ‚ใ’ใ; Noun + ใฎ + ใ‚ใ’ใ
    Examples

    ้•ทใ„้–“ๆ‚ฉใ‚“ใ ใ‚ใ’ใใ€ไผš็คพใ‚’่พžใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใŸใ€‚

    After agonizing for a long time, I decided to quit the company.

    ๅฃ่ซ–ใฎใ‚ใ’ใใ€ไบŒไบบใฏๅˆฅใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    After arguing, the two ended up breaking up.

  2. 02N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ

    or; either; maybe; perhaps; possibly ~

    UsagePhrase A + ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ + Phrase B
    Examples

    ้›ป่ฉฑใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใƒกใƒผใƒซใงใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    Please contact us by phone or email.

    ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅฝผใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚

    Perhaps he might be right.

  3. 03N2 Grammar

    ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š

    about; approximately ~

    UsageNumber + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š
    Examples

    ้ง…ใพใงๅๅˆ†ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šๆญฉใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I walked about ten minutes to the station.

    ไธ‰ๅไบบใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ้›†ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    About thirty students gathered.

  4. 04N2 Grammar

    ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ 

    continue to (go in a negative direction); keep on ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ 
    Examples

    ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€็‰ฉไพกใฏไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚

    Recently, prices just keep going up.

    ๅฝผใฎๆˆ็ธพใฏไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚

    His grades just keep declining.

  5. 05N2 Grammar

    ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ‹

    not only... but also; as well as ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj / Noun + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ‹
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ‹ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚‚่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    He can speak not only English but also French.

    ใ“ใฎๅบ—ใฏๅฎ‰ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ‹ใ€ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚

    This shop is not only cheap but also tasty.

  6. 06N2 Grammar

    ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใซ

    simply because; on account of ~ (negative result)

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form) + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใซ; ใ„-Adj + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใซ; ใช-Adj + ใช + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใซ; Noun + ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใซ
    Examples

    ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅ‹้”ใ‚’ใชใใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    Simply because I spoke honestly, I lost a friend.

    ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใชใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Simply because I didn't have money, I couldn't go to university.

  7. 07N2 Grammar

    ใกใชใฟใซ

    by the way; in this connection; incidentally ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใกใชใฟใซ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ๆฑไบฌใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใกใชใฟใซใ€ๅ‡บ่บซใฏๅคง้˜ชใงใ™ใ€‚

    I live in Tokyo. By the way, I'm originally from Osaka.

    ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ใกใชใฟใซใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ็ฅๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚

    Today is Monday. Incidentally, tomorrow is a holiday.

  8. 08N2 Grammar

    ใกใฃใจใ‚‚๏ฝžใชใ„

    (not) at all; (not) in the least ~

    Usageใกใฃใจใ‚‚ + Verb (ใชใ„ form)
    Examples

    ไฝ•ๅบฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใกใฃใจใ‚‚ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    No matter how many times it's explained, I don't understand at all.

    ๅฝผใฏใกใฃใจใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚

    He hasn't changed one bit.

  9. 09N2 Grammar

    ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใฃใฆ

    being the case; precisely because; as expected from ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใฃใฆ; Noun + ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใฃใฆ
    Examples

    ใ•ใ™ใŒไธ€ๆตใฎใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ๆ–™็†ใŒใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    As expected of a top-class chef, the food is delicious.

    ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚ใฃใฆใ€่ฉฆๅˆใซๅ‹ใฆใŸใ€‚

    As one would expect from practicing every day, I was able to win the match.

  10. 10N2 Grammar

    ใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใ 

    it's better than; one should feel grateful for ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใ ; Noun + ใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใ 
    Examples

    ใ‘ใŒใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใ ใ€‚

    You should just be grateful you weren't injured.

    ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใ ใ€‚

    At least it didn't rain, so that's something.

  11. 11N2 Grammar

    ใ ใ‘ใซ

    being the case; precisely because; as one would expect ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ ใ‘ใซ; Noun + ใ ใ‘ใซ
    Examples

    ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅบ—ใ ใ‘ใซใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆททใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Precisely because it's a popular shop, it's always crowded.

    ๆœŸๅพ…ใŒๅคงใใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใซใ€ๅคฑๆœ›ใ‚‚ๅคงใใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Precisely because expectations were high, the disappointment was also great.

  12. 12N2 Grammar

    ใ ใ‘ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚‹

    no wonder; as expected of; not... for nothing ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ ใ‘ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚‹; Noun + ใ ใ‘ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ๅๅนดใ‚‚็•™ๅญฆใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฝผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅฎŒ็’งใ ใ€‚

    No wonder, having studied abroad for ten years. His English is perfect.

    ้ซ˜ใ„ใ ใ‘ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅ“่ณชใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚

    It's expensive for a reason. The quality is very good.

  13. 13N2 Grammar

    ใ ใ‘ใฏ

    to do all that one can ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form / ใงใใ‚‹) + ใ ใ‘ใฏ + same Verb
    Examples

    ใ‚„ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใฏใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚็ตๆžœใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I did everything I could. I don't worry about the result.

    ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใฏใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I made all the effort I could, but it didn't work out.

  14. 14N2 Grammar

    ใ ใฃใฆ

    because; but; after all; even; too ~

    UsageSentence + ใ ใฃใฆ
    Examples

    ่กŒใใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ใ ใฃใฆใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

    I don't want to go. Because I have a test tomorrow.

    ๅญไพ›ใ ใฃใฆๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚

    Even a child would understand that.

  15. 15N2 Grammar

    ใงใ—ใ‹ใชใ„

    merely; nothing but; no more than; there is only ~

    UsageNoun + ใงใ—ใ‹ใชใ„
    Examples

    ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใงใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚

    This is nothing more than one example.

    ๅฝผใฎ่ฉฑใฏ่จ€ใ„่จณใงใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚

    His story is nothing but an excuse.

  16. 16N2 Grammar

    ใฉใ“ใ‚ใงใฏใชใ„

    not the time for; far from; anything but ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) / Noun + ใฉใ“ใ‚ใงใฏใชใ„
    Examples

    ๅฟ™ใ—ใใฆใ€ๆ—…่กŒใฉใ“ใ‚ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    I'm so busy, it's not the time for a trip.

    ็†ฑใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฉใ“ใ‚ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    I have a fever, so work is out of the question.

  17. 17N2 Grammar

    ใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹

    far from; anything but; let alone; not to mention ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj / Noun + ใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹
    Examples

    ๆผขๅญ—ใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ€ใฒใ‚‰ใŒใชใ‚‚่ชญใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Far from kanji, he can't even read hiragana.

    ๅฝผใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ€้‚ช้ญ”ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€‚

    Far from helping me, he got in the way.

  18. 18N2 Grammar

    ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰

    possibly; apparently; seems like; somehow; barely ~

    Usageใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ + Sentence + ใ‚ˆใ†ใ  / ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
    Examples

    ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰้›จใŒ้™ใ‚Šใใ†ใ ใ€‚

    It seems like it's going to rain.

    ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ๅฝผใฏๆฅใชใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    Apparently, he's not coming.

  19. 19N2 Grammar

    ใฉใ†ใ›

    anyhow; in any case; at any rate; after all; no matter what ~

    Usageใฉใ†ใ› + Sentence
    Examples

    ใฉใ†ใ›่กŒใใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚‚ใ†ใ€‚

    If we're going anyway, let's enjoy ourselves.

    ใฉใ†ใ›่ชฐใ‚‚ๆฅใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    No one will come anyway.

  20. 20N2 Grammar

    ๅพ—ใชใ„๏ผˆใˆใชใ„๏ผ‰

    unable to; cannot; it is not possible to ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ๅพ—ใชใ„
    Examples

    ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šๅพ—ใชใ„ใ€‚

    That is impossible.

    ๅฝผใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ็†่งฃใ—ๅพ—ใชใ„ใ€‚

    His behavior is impossible to understand.

  21. 21N2 Grammar

    ๅพ—ใ‚‹๏ผˆใˆใ‚‹๏ผใ†ใ‚‹๏ผ‰

    can; to be able to; is possible to ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ๅพ—ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ใใ‚Œใฏๅๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹่ฉฑใ ใ€‚

    That is a very plausible story.

    ่€ƒใˆๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใŸใ€‚

    I tried every conceivable method.

  22. 22N2 Grammar

    ๅ†ใณ๏ผˆใตใŸใŸใณ๏ผ‰

    again; once more ~

    Usageๅ†ใณ + Verb
    Examples

    ๅ†ใณใ“ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใฆๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    I'm happy that I could come to this place again.

    ๅฝผใฏๅ†ใณ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใฃใŸใ€‚

    He stood up once more.

  23. 23N2 Grammar

    ใตใ†ใซ

    this way; that way; in such a way; how ~

    Usageใ“ใฎ / ใใฎ / ใ‚ใฎ / ใฉใ‚“ใช + ใตใ†ใซ
    Examples

    ใฉใ‚“ใชใตใ†ใซไฝœใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

    How should I make it?

    ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚“ใชใตใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€‚

    So that's how she was thinking.

  24. 24N2 Grammar

    ใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใง๏ผใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซ

    with... as a start; as a result of; taking advantage of ~

    UsageNoun + ใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใง / ใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซ; Verb (ใŸ form) + ใฎใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใง
    Examples

    ็•™ๅญฆใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใงใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใŸใ€‚

    Studying abroad was the catalyst for my interest in Japanese.

    ใใฎไบ‹ๆ•…ใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚

    That accident led to a change in the law.

  25. 25N2 Grammar

    ใ’

    looks like; seems like; appears to ~

    Usageใ„-Adj (drop ใ„) + ใ’; ใช-Adj (stem) + ใ’; Verb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใ’
    Examples

    ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใ’ใช้ก”ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚

    She had a sad-looking expression.

    ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ’ใซ้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    The children are playing happily (looking like they're having fun).

  26. 26N2 Grammar

    ้€†ใซ๏ผˆใŽใ‚ƒใใซ๏ผ‰

    conversely; on the contrary ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚้€†ใซ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏๆ€’ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใŒใ€้€†ใซ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I thought he'd be angry, but on the contrary, he was laughing.

    ่–ฌใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใฎใซใ€้€†ใซไฝ“่ชฟใŒๆ‚ชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚

    Even though I took medicine, conversely my condition got worse.

  27. 27N2 Grammar

    ๅ้ข๏ผˆใฏใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“๏ผ‰

    while; although; on the other hand ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช / ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ๅ้ข; Noun + ใฎ / ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ๅ้ข
    Examples

    ้ƒฝไผšใฏไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ้ขใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ใŒๆฑšใ„ใ€‚

    While the city is convenient, the air is dirty.

    ๅฝผใฏๅ„ชใ—ใ„ๅ้ขใ€ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    While he's kind, he also has a strict side.

  28. 28N2 Grammar

    ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆ๏ผˆใฏใŸใ—ใฆ๏ผ‰

    as was expected; sure enough; really; actually ~

    UsageๆžœใŸใ—ใฆ + Sentence (question / confirmation)
    Examples

    ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใŠใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Sure enough, it was just as he said.

    ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

    Will this plan really succeed, I wonder?

  29. 29N2 Grammar

    ไธ€ๅฟœ๏ผˆใ„ใกใŠใ†๏ผ‰

    more or less; pretty much; roughly; tentatively; just in case ~

    Usageไธ€ๅฟœ + Verb
    Examples

    ไธ€ๅฟœ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚

    I'll check just in case.

    ไธ€ๅฟœๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใพใ ไฟฎๆญฃใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚

    It's more or less finished, but it still needs revisions.

  30. 30N2 Grammar

    ไปฅๅค–๏ผˆใ„ใŒใ„๏ผ‰

    with the exception of; excepting; other than ~

    UsageNoun + ไปฅๅค–๏ผˆใฎ / ใซ / ใฏ๏ผ‰
    Examples

    ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅไปฅๅค–ใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I work every day except Sunday.

    ๅฝผไปฅๅค–ใซ่ชฐใŒใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

    Who other than him could do this job?

  31. 31N2 Grammar

    ไปฅไธŠใซ๏ผˆใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใซ๏ผ‰

    more than; not less than; beyond ~

    UsageNoun / Verb + ไปฅไธŠใซ
    Examples

    ไบˆๆƒณไปฅไธŠใซ้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    It was more difficult than expected.

    ๆƒณๅƒไปฅไธŠใซใŠใ„ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    It was tastier than I imagined.

  32. 32N2 Grammar

    ไปฅไธŠใฏ๏ผˆใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ๏ผ‰

    because; since; seeing that; now that ~

    UsageVerb (plain form) + ไปฅไธŠ๏ผˆใฏ๏ผ‰
    Examples

    ็ด„ๆŸใ—ใŸไปฅไธŠใฏใ€ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Since I made a promise, I must keep it.

    ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใŸไปฅไธŠใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Now that I've taken it on, I'll see it through to the end.

  33. 33N2 Grammar

    ใ„ใใชใ‚Š

    abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning ~

    Usageใ„ใใชใ‚Š + Verb
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏใ„ใใชใ‚Šๆ€’ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€‚

    He suddenly burst into anger.

    ใ„ใใชใ‚Š่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€้ฉšใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I was surprised when I was suddenly asked a question.

  34. 34N2 Grammar

    ไธ€ๆฐ—ใซ๏ผˆใ„ใฃใใซ๏ผ‰

    in one go; without stopping; all at once ~

    Usageไธ€ๆฐ—ใซ + Verb
    Examples

    ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ไธ€ๆฐ—ใซๆ›ธใไธŠใ’ใŸใ€‚

    I finished writing the report in one go.

    ๆฐ—ๆธฉใŒไธ€ๆฐ—ใซไธ‹ใŒใฃใŸใ€‚

    The temperature dropped all at once.

  35. 35N2 Grammar

    ไธ€ๆ–นใง๏ผˆใ„ใฃใฝใ†ใง๏ผ‰

    on one hand; on the other hand; while; although ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช / ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ไธ€ๆ–นใง; Noun + ใฎ / ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ไธ€ๆ–นใง
    Examples

    ไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€่ถฃๅ‘ณใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    While work is busy, I also value time for hobbies.

    ๅŽๅ…ฅใŒๅข—ใˆใŸไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใ‚‚ๅข—ใˆใŸใ€‚

    While income increased, expenses also increased.

  36. 36N2 Grammar

    ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹

    what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak ~

    Usageใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ + Noun
    Examples

    ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใฆใชใ—ใ€ใ ใ€‚

    This is what is called Japanese 'omotenashi' (hospitality).

    ๅฝผใฏใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅคฉๆ‰ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ ใ€‚

    He is what you'd call a genius type.

  37. 37N2 Grammar

    ใ„ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆ

    at last; finally; beyond doubt ~

    Usageใ„ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆ + Verb / Sentence
    Examples

    ใ„ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใŒ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๆ—ฅใ ใ€‚

    At last, tomorrow is the day of the exam.

    ใ„ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆๅคไผ‘ใฟใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Summer vacation is finally starting.

  38. 38N2 Grammar

    ไธŠ๏ผˆใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ‰

    from the standpoint of; as a matter of; in terms of ~

    UsageNoun + ไธŠ๏ผˆใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ‰
    Examples

    ไป•ไบ‹ไธŠใฎ้ƒฝๅˆใงๅ‡บๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

    Due to work-related reasons, I have to go on a business trip.

    ๅฅๅบทไธŠใฎ็†็”ฑใงใŠ้…’ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€‚

    I quit drinking for health reasons.

  39. 39N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ

    as if; just like ~

    UsageVerb (plain form) + ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ; ใช-Adj + ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ; Noun + ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใฃใŸใ€‚

    He behaved as if he knew nothing.

    ใพใ‚‹ใงๅคขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚

    It was as if it were a dream.

  40. 40N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰

    just when; no sooner than ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form) + ใ‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ / ใ‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใจ
    Examples

    ๆ™ดใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใพใŸ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€‚

    Just when I thought it cleared up, it started raining again.

    ๆณฃใ„ใŸใ‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Just when I thought she was crying, she's already laughing.

  41. 41N2 Grammar

    ใ‹๏ฝžใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ†ใกใซ

    just as; right after; as soon as ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form) + ใ‹ + Verb (ใชใ„ form) + ใ‹ใฎใ†ใกใซ
    Examples

    ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‹ๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ†ใกใซใ€็œ ใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    I fell asleep almost the instant I got into bed.

    ๆŽˆๆฅญใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ†ใกใซใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใฏๆ•™ๅฎคใ‚’ๅ‡บใŸใ€‚

    Almost as soon as class ended, the students left the classroom.

  42. 42N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใˆใฃใฆ

    on the contrary; rather; all the more; surprisingly ~

    Usageใ‹ใˆใฃใฆ + Result (often negative or unexpected)
    Examples

    ่–ฌใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใŒใ€ใ‹ใˆใฃใฆๆ‚ชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚

    I took medicine, but on the contrary it got worse.

    ๆ‰‹ไผใŠใ†ใจใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‹ใˆใฃใฆ้‚ช้ญ”ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

    I tried to help, but rather got in the way.

  43. 43N2 Grammar

    ้™ใ‚Š๏ผˆใ‹ใŽใ‚Š๏ผ‰

    as long as; while... is the case; as far as ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary/ใฆใ„ใ‚‹/ใชใ„ form) + ้™ใ‚Š
    Examples

    ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—็ถšใ‘ใŸใ„ใ€‚

    As long as I'm in Japan, I want to keep studying Japanese.

    ็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏๆญฃ็›ดใชไบบใ ใ€‚

    As far as I know, he is an honest person.

  44. 44N2 Grammar

    ็”ฒๆ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ‹ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰

    it's worth one's efforts to do something; worthwhile ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form / ใพใ™ stem) + ็”ฒๆ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใŸ็”ฒๆ–ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ๅˆๆ ผใงใใŸใ€‚

    My hard work paid off and I was able to pass.

    ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸ็”ฒๆ–ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Practicing every day was worthwhile.

  45. 45N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใญใชใ„

    (someone) might do something; could happen (negative connotation) ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใ‹ใญใชใ„
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใŒ็ถšใ‘ใฐใ€ไบ‹ๆ•…ใŒ่ตทใใ‹ใญใชใ„ใ€‚

    If this situation continues, an accident could happen.

    ๅฝผใชใ‚‰ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใ‹ใญใชใ„ใ€‚

    He could very well say something like that.

  46. 46N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใญใ‚‹

    unable to do something; can't do something (politely) ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใ‹ใญใ‚‹
    Examples

    ใใฎ่ฆๆœ›ใซใฏใŠๅฟœใˆใ—ใ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚

    I'm afraid we cannot comply with that request.

    ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚

    I'm unable to make a judgment on this issue.

  47. 47N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ†ใจ๏ผˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใ†ใจ๏ผ‰

    in terms of; from the point of view of ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ†ใจ / ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใฐ / ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใฃใฆ
    Examples

    ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒไธ€็•ชใ„ใ„ใ€‚

    From experience, this method is the best.

    ๅ€คๆฎตใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅบ—ใŒไธ€็•ชๅฎ‰ใ„ใ€‚

    In terms of price, this store is the cheapest.

  48. 48N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ

    precisely because ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj / Noun + ใ  + ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ
    Examples

    ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ ใ€‚

    It's precisely because I like you that I say harsh things.

    ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ๆˆๅŠŸใงใใŸใฎใ ใ€‚

    It's precisely because I worked hard that I was able to succeed.

  49. 49N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ๏ผˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใฟใ‚‹ใจ๏ผ‰

    from the point of view of; by the look of; judging from ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ / ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐ / ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆ
    Examples

    ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฏไธๆ€่ญฐใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚

    From a foreigner's perspective, Japanese culture might seem mysterious.

    ๅฝผใฎ่กจๆƒ…ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚

    Judging from his expression, something seems to have happened.

  50. 50N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใฏ

    now that; since; so long as; because ~

    UsageVerb (plain form) + ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใฏ
    Examples

    ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซๆฅใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใฏใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚

    Now that I've come to Japan, I want to master Japanese.

    ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใใ†ใ€‚

    Since we're going to do it, let's give it our best.

  51. 51N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆ

    judging from; based on; since; from; even ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆ
    Examples

    ๅๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚

    Judging from the name, they don't seem to be Japanese.

    ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใใ†ใ ใ€‚

    Judging from its appearance, it looks delicious.

  52. 52N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ๏ผใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ

    judging from; considering; by the look of ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ / ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚

    Judging from his attitude, it seems like he's lying.

    ไปŠใฎ็Šถๆณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€่จˆ็”ปใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใ€‚

    Considering the current situation, a change of plan is necessary.

  53. 53N2 Grammar

    ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ๏ผˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆ๏ผ‰

    just because; even if; even though ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj / Noun + ใ  + ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ
    Examples

    ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ๅนธใ›ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Just because you have money doesn't necessarily mean you're happy.

    ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ๅฅๅบทใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Just because you're busy doesn't mean you should ignore your health.

  54. 54N2 Grammar

    ใฃใ“ใชใ„

    no chance of; definitely not possible ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใฃใ“ใชใ„
    Examples

    ใ“ใ‚“ใช้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ•้กŒใฏ่งฃใ‘ใฃใ“ใชใ„ใ€‚

    There's no way I can solve such a difficult problem.

    ใ‚ใฎไบบใŒ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œใฃใ“ใชใ„ใ€‚

    There's no chance that person will keep their promise.

  55. 55N2 Grammar

    ใ“ใจใ 

    should do ~ (used for suggestions or giving advice)

    UsageVerb (dictionary form / ใชใ„ form) + ใ“ใจใ 
    Examples

    ๅฅๅบทใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆ—ฉใๅฏใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚

    For your health, you should go to bed early.

    ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅ—ใ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚

    If you want to pass the exam, you should study every day.

  56. 56N2 Grammar

    ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰

    because; since (talking about someone's character) ~

    UsageNoun (person) + ใฎ + ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฃใจ้…ๅˆปใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    Since it's him, he'll surely be late.

    ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใช็”ฐไธญใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ด„ๆŸใฏๅฎˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

    Since Tanaka-san is so serious, he'll keep his promise.

  57. 57N2 Grammar

    ใ“ใจใ‹

    how...!; what...! (expresses strong emotion) ~

    Usageใฉใ‚“ใชใซ / ใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ / ไฝ•ๅบฆ + Verb / ใ„-Adj + ใ“ใจใ‹
    Examples

    ใ‚ใฎๆ—ฅใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชใซๅฌ‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‹ใ€‚

    How happy I was on that day!

    ไฝ•ๅบฆๆณจๆ„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‹ใ€‚

    How many times I warned you!

  58. 58N2 Grammar

    ใ“ใจใชใ

    without doing something ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใ“ใจใชใ
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏไผ‘ใ‚€ใ“ใจใชใๅƒใ็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚

    He continued working without resting.

    ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ๅคฑๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚

    I completed the project without failing even once.

  59. 59N2 Grammar

    ใ“ใจใซ

    to my ~; emphasizes speaker's feelings ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form) / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ“ใจใซ
    Examples

    ้ฉšใ„ใŸใ“ใจใซใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใ†็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚

    To my surprise, he was already married.

    ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใŸใ€‚

    To my delight, I passed the exam.

  60. 60N2 Grammar

    ใ“ใจใซใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„

    just because... doesn't mean ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form / dictionary form) + ใ“ใจใซใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
    Examples

    ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ€็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Just because you read the book doesn't mean you understood it.

    ่ฌใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€่จฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Just because you apologized doesn't mean you're forgiven.

  61. 61N2 Grammar

    ใใ›ใ—ใฆ

    although; despite the fact that; even though ~ (negative nuance)

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช / Noun + ใฎ + ใใ›ใ—ใฆ
    Examples

    ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใใ›ใ—ใฆใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Even though he doesn't know, he pretends to know.

    ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ„ใใ›ใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๅฅใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใ†ใ€‚

    Even though he does nothing himself, he just complains.

  62. 62N2 Grammar

    ใพใ ใ—ใ‚‚

    would be acceptable; it'd be one thing if; rather; better ~

    UsageNoun + ใชใ‚‰ + ใพใ ใ—ใ‚‚; Verb + ใชใ‚‰ + ใพใ ใ—ใ‚‚
    Examples

    ไธ€ๅ›žใชใ‚‰ใพใ ใ—ใ‚‚ใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ•้กŒใ ใ€‚

    Once would be one thing, but making the same mistake repeatedly is a problem.

    ๅญไพ›ใชใ‚‰ใพใ ใ—ใ‚‚ใ€ๅคงไบบใŒใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚“ใฆใ€‚

    If it were a child it'd be one thing, but for an adult to do such a thing...

  63. 63N2 Grammar

    ใพใ„

    will not; will probably not; intend not to; must not ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใพใ„; Group 1: Verb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใพใ„
    Examples

    ไบŒๅบฆใจใ‚ใ‚“ใชๅคฑๆ•—ใฏใ™ใ‚‹ใพใ„ใจๆฑบใ‚ใŸใ€‚

    I decided that I would never make that kind of mistake again.

    ใ‚‚ใ†ๆณฃใใพใ„ใจๅฟƒใซ่ช“ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I swore to myself that I would not cry anymore.

  64. 64N2 Grammar

    ใพใพใซ

    as; to do as; following; in accordance with ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form / ใ‚Œใ‚‹ passive) + ใพใพใซ; Noun + ใฎ + ใพใพใซ
    Examples

    ๆ€ใ†ใพใพใซ็ตตใ‚’ๆใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I drew a picture as I pleased.

    ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใพใพใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ€‚

    I acted just as the teacher told me.

  65. 65N2 Grammar

    ๅ…จใ๏ฝžใชใ„๏ผˆใพใฃใŸใ๏ฝžใชใ„๏ผ‰

    not at all ~

    Usageๅ…จใ + Verb (ใชใ„ form) / ใ„-Adj (negative) / ใช-Adj (ใงใฏใชใ„)
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅ…จใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I don't understand what he's saying at all.

    ใใฎไปถใซใคใ„ใฆๅ…จใ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

    I don't know anything at all about that matter.

  66. 66N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ‚ใš

    without caring; without worrying about ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‚‚ + ใ‹ใพใ‚ใš; Verb (ใฎ) + ใ‚‚ + ใ‹ใพใ‚ใš
    Examples

    ้›จใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ‚ใšใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚

    Without caring about the rain, we continued playing soccer.

    ไบบ็›ฎใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ‚ใšใ€ๅคงๅฃฐใงๆณฃใ„ใŸใ€‚

    Without caring about people's eyes, she cried out loud.

  67. 67N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ๅฝ“็„ถใ ๏ผˆใ‚‚ใจใ†ใœใ‚“ใ ๏ผ‰

    it's only natural; no wonder; might as well ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใ‚‚ๅฝ“็„ถใ 
    Examples

    ใ‚ใ‚Œใ ใ‘็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅฝ“็„ถใ ใ€‚

    Since they practiced that much, it's only natural they won.

    ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใฒใฉใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅฝ“็„ถใ ใ€‚

    If someone says such terrible things to you, it's only natural to get angry.

  68. 68N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผใ‚‚ใ‚“

    because; indicates reason/excuse/dissatisfaction ~

    UsageSentence (plain form) + ใ‚‚ใฎ / ใ‚‚ใ‚“
    Examples

    ่กŒใใŸใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ใ ใฃใฆใ€ใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

    I don't want to go. Because it's boring.

    ไป•ๆ–นใชใ„ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ€‚่ชฐใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ€‚

    It can't be helped. Nobody taught me, after all.

  69. 69N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎใ 

    describe feelings; express memories; state a fact or common sense ~

    UsageVerb (plain form) + ใ‚‚ใฎใ 
    Examples

    ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใ‚ˆใใ“ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใง้Šใ‚“ใ ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚

    When I was a child, I used to play in this park a lot.

    ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ็ตŒใคใฎใฏๆ—ฉใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚

    Time passes quickly, doesn't it.

  70. 70N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰

    so; therefore; the reason for something (excuse) ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
    Examples

    ้“ใŒๆททใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    The road was congested, so I ended up being late.

    ๆ€ฅใซ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    It suddenly started raining, so I got wet.

  71. 71N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„

    shouldn't do something; it's not something one should do ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„
    Examples

    ไบบใฎๆ‚ชๅฃใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    You shouldn't speak ill of others.

    ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ็ ดใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    You shouldn't easily break promises.

  72. 72N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹

    there is something (that one feels); feels like; there is a sense of ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฎๆผ”ๆŠ€ใซใฏๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    There is something moving about his performance.

    ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซใฏ่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    There is something thought-provoking about this movie.

  73. 73N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹๏ผใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‹

    as if; there's no way ~ (strong negation)

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ / ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‹
    Examples

    ใ‚ใ‚“ใชไบบใซ่ฒ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ€‚

    There's no way I'll lose to someone like that!

    ไบŒๅบฆใจใ‚ใ‚“ใชใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚

    There's no way I'm ever going to such a place again!

  74. 74N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚‰

    if I could; if it were possible to ~

    UsageVerb (potential / dictionary form) + ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚‰
    Examples

    ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Š็›ดใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚

    If I could, I would want to start over.

    ่กŒใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€่กŒใใŸใ„ใ€‚

    If I could go, I would want to go.

  75. 75N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ

    but; although; even though ~

    UsageVerb (plain form) / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ
    Examples

    ่–ฌใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€ใพใ ็†ฑใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Although I took medicine, my fever still hasn't gone down.

    ่ฒทใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Although I bought it, I haven't used it even once.

  76. 76N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚

    but then; although; though ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏๅ„ช็ง€ใ ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅŠชๅŠ›ๅฎถใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    He's excellent. Though, he's also a hard worker.

    ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒๆ‚ชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅˆฅใ ใŒใ€‚

    I plan to attend. Although, it would be different if the weather is bad.

  77. 77N2 Grammar

    ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใง๏ผˆใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใ“ใ—ใง๏ผ‰

    almost; nearly; close to ~

    Usageใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใง + Verb (dictionary form / ใŸ form) + ใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸ
    Examples

    ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใง้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I almost missed the train.

    ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงไบ‹ๆ•…ใซ้ญใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I nearly had an accident.

  78. 78N2 Grammar

    ใชใ„ใงใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„

    can't help but feel; can't help but do ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form - drop ใชใ„) + ใชใ„ใงใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ / ใšใซใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
    Examples

    ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๆณฃใ‹ใชใ„ใงใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I couldn't help but cry when I watched that movie.

    ๅฝผใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€็ฌ‘ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I couldn't help but laugh when I heard his story.

  79. 79N2 Grammar

    ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใฏ๏ฝžใชใ„

    unless you ~; if you don't ~ then ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form) + ใ“ใจใซใฏ + negative result
    Examples

    ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใฏใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Unless you actually try it, you won't know.

    ๆœฌไบบใซ่žใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใฏใ€็œŸๅฎŸใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Unless you ask the person themselves, you won't know the truth.

  80. 80N2 Grammar

    ไธญใ‚’๏ผไธญใงใฏ๏ผˆใชใ‹ใ‚’๏ผใชใ‹ใงใฏ๏ผ‰

    in; in the midst of; when; while ~

    UsageNoun + ใฎไธญใ‚’ / ใฎไธญใงใฏ
    Examples

    ้›จใฎไธญใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆๅธฐใฃใŸใ€‚

    I walked home in the rain.

    ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธญใ‚’ๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

    Thank you for coming despite being busy.

  81. 81N2 Grammar

    ใชใใฏใชใ„๏ผใชใใ‚‚ใชใ„

    it's not that I can't; I may; double negative ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form - drop ใชใ„) + ใชใใฏใชใ„ / ใชใใ‚‚ใชใ„
    Examples

    ่กŒใใŸใใชใใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚

    It's not that I don't want to go, but I don't have time.

    ๅฝผใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚

    It's not that I can't understand his opinion.

  82. 82N2 Grammar

    ใชใใฆๆธˆใ‚€๏ผˆใชใใฆใ™ใ‚€๏ผ‰

    get by without doing ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form) + ใชใใฆๆธˆใ‚€
    Examples

    ไฟ้™บใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ‰‹่ก“ไปฃใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใใฆๆธˆใ‚“ใ ใ€‚

    Because I had insurance, I didn't have to pay for the surgery.

    ้›ป่ปŠใŒๆฅใŸใฎใงใ€้•ทใๅพ…ใŸใชใใฆๆธˆใ‚“ใ ใ€‚

    The train came, so I didn't have to wait long.

  83. 83N2 Grammar

    ไฝ•ใ‚‚๏ฝžใชใ„๏ผˆใชใซใ‚‚๏ฝžใชใ„๏ผ‰

    nothing; (not) at all; there's no need to ~

    Usageไฝ•ใ‚‚ + Verb (ใชใ„ form)
    Examples

    ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    There's nothing to worry about.

    ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚

    There's nothing in the refrigerator.

  84. 84N2 Grammar

    ใชใŠ

    still; yet; furthermore; in addition ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใชใŠใ€Sentence B
    Examples

    ไผš่ญฐใฏไธ‰ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใŠใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏ็ฌฌไธ€ไผš่ญฐๅฎคใงใ™ใ€‚

    The meeting starts at three. Furthermore, the location is Meeting Room 1.

    ้“่ทฏใฏๅทฅไบ‹ไธญใฎใŸใ‚้€šใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใŠใ€ๅพฉๆ—งใฏๆฅๆœˆใฎไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚

    The road is closed due to construction. Additionally, restoration is planned for next month.

  85. 85N2 Grammar

    ใญใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„

    have to do; must; should ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form - drop ใชใ„) + ใญใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
    Examples

    ็ด„ๆŸใฏๅฎˆใ‚‰ใญใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    One must keep promises.

    ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ›ใญใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Students must study.

  86. 86N2 Grammar

    ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ

    at the time; on the occasion of ~

    UsageNoun / Verb (dictionary form) + ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ / ใซใ‚ใŸใ‚Š
    Examples

    ๅ’ๆฅญใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฟฐในใŸใ€‚

    On the occasion of graduation, I expressed words of gratitude to the teacher.

    ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆใ€่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใŸใ€‚

    In starting the new project, we made plans.

  87. 87N2 Grammar

    ใซใปใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„

    nothing but; none other than ~

    UsageNoun / Verb (plain form) + ใซใปใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฎๆˆๅŠŸใฏๅŠชๅŠ›ใฎ็ตๆžœใซใปใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    His success is none other than the result of his effort.

    ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ„ชใ—ใ•ใซใปใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    This is nothing but her kindness.

  88. 88N2 Grammar

    ใซ้™ใ‚‰ใš๏ผˆใซใ‹ใŽใ‚‰ใš๏ผ‰

    not just; not only... but also ~

    UsageNoun + ใซ้™ใ‚‰ใš
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใซ้™ใ‚‰ใšใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใง่ตทใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    This problem is happening not just in Japan, but all over the world.

    ่‹ฅ่€…ใซ้™ใ‚‰ใšใ€้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒžใƒ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Not only young people but also the elderly use smartphones.

  89. 89N2 Grammar

    ใซ้™ใ‚‹๏ผˆใซใ‹ใŽใ‚‹๏ผ‰

    is best; nothing is better than ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form / ใชใ„ form) / Noun + ใซ้™ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ๅคใฏใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใซ้™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Nothing beats beer in summer.

    ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸๆ™‚ใฏๆ—ฉใๅฏใ‚‹ใซ้™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    When you're tired, nothing is better than going to bed early.

  90. 90N2 Grammar

    ใซ้™ใฃใฆ๏ผˆใซใ‹ใŽใฃใฆ๏ผ‰

    only; in particular; when it comes to ~ (unexpected result)

    UsageNoun + ใซ้™ใฃใฆ
    Examples

    ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆ—ฅใซ้™ใฃใฆ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    It always rains on the days when I don't have an umbrella.

    ๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใซ้™ใฃใฆใ€้›ป่ปŠใŒ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

    The train is always late when I'm in a hurry.

  91. 91N2 Grammar

    ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใš๏ผˆใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš๏ผ‰

    in spite of; regardless of ~

    UsageNoun + ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใš; Verb (dictionary / ใชใ„ form) + ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใš
    Examples

    ๅคฉๆฐ—ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฏไบˆๅฎš้€šใ‚Š่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

    Regardless of the weather, the event will proceed as planned.

    ็ตŒ้จ“ใฎๆœ‰็„กใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

    You can apply regardless of whether you have experience or not.

  92. 92N2 Grammar

    ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผˆใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰

    to relate to; to have to do with; affecting ~

    UsageNoun + ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‘ฝใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใ ใ€‚

    This is a matter that concerns life.

    ๅ่ช‰ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ…Ž้‡ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ในใใ ใ€‚

    Since it concerns one's honor, one should act carefully.

  93. 93N2 Grammar

    ใซๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผˆใซใใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผ‰

    certainly; I'm sure that; it must be the case that ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใซๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹; Noun + ใซๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใซๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    If you do something like that, you'll definitely get scolded.

    ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๆ™ดใ‚Œใซๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I'm sure it will be sunny tomorrow.

  94. 94N2 Grammar

    ใซ่ถŠใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใชใ„๏ผˆใซใ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใชใ„๏ผ‰

    it's best that; there's nothing better than ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary / ใชใ„ form) + ใซ่ถŠใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใชใ„
    Examples

    ๅฅๅบทใฏๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใซ่ถŠใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    When it comes to health, it's best to be careful.

    ๆ—ฉใ‚ใซๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ™ใ‚‹ใซ่ถŠใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    There's nothing better than preparing early.

  95. 95N2 Grammar

    ใซๅฟœใˆใฆ๏ผˆใซใ“ใŸใˆใฆ๏ผ‰

    in response to ~

    UsageNoun + ใซๅฟœใˆใฆ / ใซๅฟœใˆ
    Examples

    ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใซๅฟœใˆใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใ‚’็™บ่กจใ—ใŸใ€‚

    In response to the people's expectations, a new policy was announced.

    ใŠๅฎขๆง˜ใฎ่ฆๆœ›ใซๅฟœใˆใฆใ€ๆ–ฐๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—ใŸใ€‚

    In response to customer requests, we developed a new product.

  96. 96N2 Grammar

    ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆ๏ผˆใซใใ‚ใˆใฆ๏ผ‰

    in addition to ~

    UsageNoun + ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆ / ใซๅŠ ใˆ
    Examples

    ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚‚่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    In addition to Japanese, I can also speak Chinese.

    ็ตŒ้จ“ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€่ณ‡ๆ ผใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    In addition to experience, I also have qualifications.

  97. 97N2 Grammar

    ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ๏ผˆใซใ‚‚ใจใฅใ„ใฆ๏ผ‰

    based on; on the basis of ~

    UsageNoun + ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ / ใซๅŸบใฅใ / ใซๅŸบใฅใ / ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใŸ
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏๅฎŸ่ฉฑใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚

    This movie was made based on a true story.

    ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๅ‡ฆ็ฝฐใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

    One will be punished based on the law.

  98. 98N2 Grammar

    ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ๏ผˆใซใ‚€ใ‹ใฃใฆ๏ผ‰

    to face; to go towards; to head to ~

    UsageNoun + ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ / ใซๅ‘ใ‘ใฆ
    Examples

    ็›ฎๆจ™ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I am making efforts toward my goal.

    ๅฝผใฏๆฑไบฌใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใŸใ€‚

    He departed heading for Tokyo.

  99. 99N2 Grammar

    ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ๏ผˆใซใŠใ†ใ˜ใฆ๏ผ‰

    depending on; in accordance with ~

    UsageNoun + ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ / ใซๅฟœใ˜ / ใซๅฟœใ˜ใŸ
    Examples

    ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ็ตฆๆ–™ใŒๆฑบใพใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Salary is determined according to ability.

    ็Šถๆณใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅฏพๅฟœใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚

    We change our response depending on the situation.

  100. 100N2 Grammar

    ใซ้š›ใ—ใฆ๏ผˆใซใ•ใ„ใ—ใฆ๏ผ‰

    on the occasion of; at the time of ~

    UsageNoun / Verb (dictionary form) + ใซ้š›ใ—ใฆ / ใซ้š›ใ—
    Examples

    ๅ…ฅๅญฆใซ้š›ใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ‰‹็ถšใใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚

    On the occasion of enrollment, several procedures are necessary.

    ๆตทๅค–ๆ—…่กŒใซ้š›ใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ดๆ–ฐใ—ใŸใ€‚

    In preparation for the overseas trip, I renewed my passport.

  101. 101N2 Grammar

    ใซๅ…ˆ็ซ‹ใก๏ผˆใซใ•ใใ ใก๏ผ‰

    before; prior to ~

    UsageNoun / Verb (dictionary form) + ใซๅ…ˆ็ซ‹ใก / ใซๅ…ˆ็ซ‹ใฃใฆ
    Examples

    ไผš่ญฐใซๅ…ˆ็ซ‹ใกใ€่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ‚’้…ๅธƒใ—ใŸใ€‚

    Prior to the meeting, materials were distributed.

    ้–‹ไผšใซๅ…ˆ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ€็คพ้•ทใฎๆŒจๆ‹ถใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Before the opening, there was a greeting from the president.

  102. 102N2 Grammar

    ใซใ›ใ‚ˆ๏ผใซใ—ใ‚

    even if; regardless; whether... or ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj / Noun + ใซใ›ใ‚ˆ / ใซใ—ใ‚
    Examples

    ใŸใจใˆๅคฑๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚

    Even if you fail, you should try.

    ็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใ—ใ‚ใ€้…ๅˆปใฏใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใ€‚

    Regardless of what the reason is, being late is not good.

  103. 103N2 Grammar

    ใซใ—ใ‚๏ฝžใซใ—ใ‚

    whether... or ~

    UsageA + ใซใ—ใ‚ + B + ใซใ—ใ‚
    Examples

    ่กŒใใซใ—ใ‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใซใ—ใ‚ใ€ๆ—ฉใๆฑบใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    Whether you go or not, please decide quickly.

    ่ณ›ๆˆใซใ—ใ‚ๅๅฏพใซใ—ใ‚ใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    Whether you agree or disagree, I want you to share your opinion.

  104. 104N2 Grammar

    ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰๏ผใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐ

    from one's perspective; from the point of view of ~

    UsageNoun (person) + ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ / ใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
    Examples

    ่ฆชใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎๅฐ†ๆฅใŒๅฟƒ้…ใชใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    From a parent's perspective, they're probably worried about their child's future.

    ๅฝผใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎ้ธๆŠžใ ใฃใŸใฎใ ใ€‚

    From his perspective, that was the best choice.

  105. 105N2 Grammar

    ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚๏ฝžใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚

    regardless of whether ~

    UsageA + ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ + B + ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚
    Examples

    ่ฒทใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚

    Whether you buy it or not, why don't you take a look?

    ๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅคฑๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็ตŒ้จ“ใซใฏใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Whether you succeed or fail, it will be an experience.

  106. 106N2 Grammar

    ใซๆฒฟใฃใฆ๏ผˆใซใใฃใฆ๏ผ‰

    along with; in accordance with ~

    UsageNoun + ใซๆฒฟใฃใฆ / ใซๆฒฟใ„ / ใซๆฒฟใฃใŸ
    Examples

    ๅทใซๆฒฟใฃใฆๆญฉใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I walked along the river.

    ่จˆ็”ปใซๆฒฟใฃใฆ้€ฒใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    Please proceed in accordance with the plan.

  107. 107N2 Grammar

    ใซ็›ธ้•ใชใ„๏ผˆใซใใ†ใ„ใชใ„๏ผ‰

    without a doubt; certain; sure ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj / Noun + ใซ็›ธ้•ใชใ„
    Examples

    ็Šฏไบบใฏๅฝผใซ็›ธ้•ใชใ„ใ€‚

    The culprit is without a doubt him.

    ใ“ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใซ็›ธ้•ใชใ„ใ€‚

    This method is certainly the best.

  108. 108N2 Grammar

    ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„๏ผˆใซใ™ใŽใชใ„๏ผ‰

    no more than; just; merely; only ~

    UsageVerb (plain form) / Noun + ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„
    Examples

    ใใ‚Œใฏๅ™‚ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€‚

    That is merely a rumor.

    ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€‚

    I merely gave advice.

  109. 109N2 Grammar

    ใซไผดใฃใฆ๏ผˆใซใจใ‚‚ใชใฃใฆ๏ผ‰

    as; due to; along with; accompanying ~

    UsageNoun / Verb (dictionary form) + ใซไผดใฃใฆ / ใซไผดใ„ / ใซไผดใ†
    Examples

    ็ตŒๆธˆใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซไผดใฃใฆใ€็’ฐๅขƒๅ•้กŒใ‚‚ๆทฑๅˆปใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

    Along with economic development, environmental problems also became serious.

    ไบบๅฃใฎๅข—ๅŠ ใซไผดใ„ใ€ไฝๅฎ…ใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Along with the population increase, there is a shortage of housing.

  110. 110N2 Grammar

    ใซใคใ‘

    every time; whenever; whether... or ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใซใคใ‘; A + ใซใคใ‘ + B + ใซใคใ‘
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎๆ›ฒใ‚’่žใใซใคใ‘ใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿๆ™‚ไปฃใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ€‚

    Every time I hear this song, I remember my student days.

    ่‰ฏใ„ใซใคใ‘ๆ‚ชใ„ใซใคใ‘ใ€ๅฝผใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใฏๅคงใใ„ใ€‚

    Whether for good or bad, his influence is great.

  111. 111N2 Grammar

    ใซใคใ

    due to; because of; per; each ~

    UsageNoun + ใซใคใ
    Examples

    ๅทฅไบ‹ไธญใซใคใใ€ใ”่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‘ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

    Due to construction, we apologize for the inconvenience.

    ไธ€ไบบใซใคใไธ‰ใคใพใง่ณผๅ…ฅใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

    You can purchase up to three per person.

  112. 112N2 Grammar

    ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ

    throughout; over a period of ~

    UsageNoun + ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ / ใซใ‚ใŸใ‚Š / ใซใ‚ใŸใ‚‹
    Examples

    ไธ‰ๅนด้–“ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚

    I continued the research over a period of three years.

    ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏๅบƒใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    This problem extends over a wide range.

  113. 113N2 Grammar

    ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš

    despite; in spite of; nevertheless; although ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช / ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ + ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš; Noun + ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš
    Examples

    ้›จใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ้›†ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    Despite the rain, many people gathered.

    ไฝ•ๅบฆๆณจๆ„ใ—ใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅŒใ˜ใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ€‚

    Despite being warned many times, he keeps repeating the same mistake.

  114. 114N2 Grammar

    ใซใฆ

    in; at; with; by (formal particle) ~

    UsageNoun + ใซใฆ
    Examples

    ไผš่ญฐใฏ็ฌฌไบŒไผš่ญฐๅฎคใซใฆ่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

    The meeting will be held in Conference Room 2.

    ไปฅไธŠใซใฆๆœฌๆ—ฅใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

    With this, I conclude today's report.

  115. 115N2 Grammar

    ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ 

    no wonder; it's only natural ~

    UsageVerb (plain form) + ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ 
    Examples

    ๅฝผใŒๆ€’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ ใ€‚

    No wonder he's angry.

    ๅฝผๅฅณใŒไธๅฎ‰ใซๆ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ ใ€‚

    It's only natural that she feels anxious.

  116. 116N2 Grammar

    ใฎไธ‹ใง๏ผˆใฎใ‚‚ใจใง๏ผ‰

    under; with (guidance, supervision) ~

    UsageNoun + ใฎใ‚‚ใจใง / ใฎใ‚‚ใจใซ
    Examples

    ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฎใ‚‚ใจใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ€‚

    I studied under a teacher.

    ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฎใ‚‚ใจใซใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใฏๅนณ็ญ‰ใ ใ€‚

    Under the law, all people are equal.

  117. 117N2 Grammar

    ใฎไธŠใงใฏ๏ผˆใฎใ†ใˆใงใฏ๏ผ‰

    according to; from the viewpoint of; on ~

    UsageNoun + ใฎไธŠใงใฏ
    Examples

    ๆ›ธ้กžใฎไธŠใงใฏๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฏ้•ใ†ใ€‚

    On paper there's no problem, but in reality it's different.

    ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฎไธŠใงใฏๅˆๆณ•ใ ใ€‚

    According to the law, it's legal.

  118. 118N2 Grammar

    ใฎใฟ

    only; nothing but (formal version of ใ ใ‘) ~

    UsageNoun / Verb (dictionary form) + ใฎใฟ
    Examples

    ๅ‚ๅŠ ใฏไผšๅ“กใฎใฟใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

    Participation is limited to members only.

    ็พ้‡‘ใฎใฟใงใŠๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚

    You can pay by cash only.

  119. 119N2 Grammar

    ใฎใฟใชใ‚‰ใš

    not only; besides; as well as ~

    UsageNoun / Verb / Adjective + ใฎใฟใชใ‚‰ใš
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎๅบ—ใฏๅ‘ณใŒใ„ใ„ใฎใฟใชใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅ€คๆฎตใ‚‚ๆ‰‹้ ƒใ ใ€‚

    This shop not only has good taste but is also reasonably priced.

    ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใฎใฟใชใ‚‰ใšใ€ๆตทๅค–ใงใ‚‚ๆดป่บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Active not only domestically but also internationally.

  120. 120N2 Grammar

    ใฌ

    negative verb conjugation; traditional/literary version of ใชใ„ ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form - drop ใชใ„) + ใฌ
    Examples

    ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌ้–“ใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒ้ŽใŽใŸใ€‚

    Time passed without my knowing.

    ๆ€ใ‚ใฌ็ตๆžœใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

    It turned out to be an unexpected result.

  121. 121N2 Grammar

    ๆŠœใใซใ—ใฆ๏ผๆŠœใใง๏ผˆใฌใใซใ—ใฆ๏ผใฌใใง๏ผ‰

    without; leaving out; cutting out ~

    UsageNoun + ๆŠœใใซใ—ใฆ / ๆŠœใใง / ๆŠœใใซ / ใฏๆŠœใใซใ—ใฆ
    Examples

    ๅ†—่ซ‡ๆŠœใใงใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    Without joking around, please tell me the truth.

    ใŠไธ–่พžๆŠœใใซใ—ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

    Without flattery, you're really good.

  122. 122N2 Grammar

    ๆŠœใ๏ผˆใฌใ๏ผ‰

    to do something through to the end; completely ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ๆŠœใ
    Examples

    ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ตฐใ‚ŠๆŠœใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I ran all the way to the end.

    ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ‚’ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใฆใ€ใ‚„ใ‚ŠๆŠœใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I overcame difficulties and saw it through to the end.

  123. 123N2 Grammar

    ใ‚’ๅฅ‘ๆฉŸใซ๏ผˆใ‚’ใ‘ใ„ใใซ๏ผ‰

    as a good opportunity/chance to; as a result of ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‚’ๅฅ‘ๆฉŸใซ / ใ‚’ๅฅ‘ๆฉŸใจใ—ใฆ
    Examples

    ็ตๅฉšใ‚’ๅฅ‘ๆฉŸใซใ€ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€‚

    I quit smoking on the occasion of getting married.

    ๅœฐ้œ‡ใ‚’ๅฅ‘ๆฉŸใซใ€้˜ฒ็ฝๆ„่ญ˜ใŒ้ซ˜ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    The earthquake served as an impetus for increased disaster awareness.

  124. 124N2 Grammar

    ใ‚’ใ‚ใใฃใฆ

    concerning; in regard to; over ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‚’ใ‚ใใฃใฆ / ใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‹
    Examples

    ๅœŸๅœฐใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆจฉใ‚’ใ‚ใใฃใฆไบ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    They are disputing over land ownership.

    ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใ‚ใใฃใฆใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    There are various opinions concerning this issue.

  125. 125N2 Grammar

    ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใซ

    based on; derived from; building on ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใซ / ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใซใ—ใฆ
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎๅฐ่ชฌใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไบ‹ไปถใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚

    This novel was written based on actual events.

    ใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใซใ€ๆ”นๅ–„็ญ–ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸใ€‚

    Based on the survey results, we considered improvement measures.

  126. 126N2 Grammar

    ใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆ๏ผˆใ‚’ใฎใžใ„ใฆ๏ผ‰

    except; with the exception of; excluding ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆ / ใ‚’้™คใ / ใ‚’้™คใ
    Examples

    ๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅ–ถๆฅญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

    We are open every day except Monday.

    ๅฝผใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚

    Everyone participated except him.

  127. 127N2 Grammar

    ใ‚’ๅ•ใ‚ใš๏ผˆใ‚’ใจใ‚ใš๏ผ‰

    regardless of; irrespective of; no matter ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‚’ๅ•ใ‚ใš
    Examples

    ๅนด้ฝขใ‚’ๅ•ใ‚ใšใ€่ชฐใงใ‚‚ๅ‚ๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

    Anyone can participate regardless of age.

    ๆ€งๅˆฅใ‚’ๅ•ใ‚ใšใ€ๅฎŸๅŠ›ใง่ฉ•ไพกใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    We evaluate based on ability regardless of gender.

  128. 128N2 Grammar

    ใŠ๏ฝž้ก˜ใ†๏ผˆใŠ๏ฝžใญใŒใ†๏ผ‰

    please do; could you please; I ask of you to ~

    UsageใŠ + Verb (ใพใ™ stem) + ้ก˜ใ† / ้ก˜ใ„ใพใ™
    Examples

    ใŠๅบงใ‚Š้ก˜ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

    Please have a seat.

    ๅฐ‘ใ€…ใŠๅพ…ใก้ก˜ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

    Could you please wait a moment?

  129. 129N2 Grammar

    ใŠใพใ‘ใซ

    to make matters worse; besides; what's more; in addition ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใŠใพใ‘ใซ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ่ฒกๅธƒใ‚’ใชใใ—ใŸใ€‚ใŠใพใ‘ใซใ€ๆบๅธฏใ‚‚ๅฃŠใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚

    I lost my wallet. On top of that, my phone broke too.

    ใ“ใฎๅบ—ใฏๅฎ‰ใ„ใ€‚ใŠใพใ‘ใซใ€็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    This shop is cheap. What's more, it's delicious.

  130. 130N2 Grammar

    ๆใ‚‰ใ๏ผˆใŠใใ‚‰ใ๏ผ‰

    perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say ~

    Usageๆใ‚‰ใ + Sentence + ใ ใ‚ใ† / ใจๆ€ใ†
    Examples

    ๆใ‚‰ใๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    It will probably rain tomorrow.

    ๆใ‚‰ใๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅธฐใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

    I think he has probably already gone home.

  131. 131N2 Grammar

    ๆใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผˆใŠใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰

    it is feared that; to be in danger of; to be liable to ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) / Noun + ใฎ + ๆใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ๅฐ้ขจใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    There is a fear that a typhoon is approaching.

    ๅคง้›ชใง้›ป่ปŠใŒๆญขใพใ‚‹ๆใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    There is a risk that trains will stop due to heavy snow.

  132. 132N2 Grammar

    ๅŠใณ๏ผˆใŠใ‚ˆใณ๏ผ‰

    and; as well as (formal) ~

    UsageNoun A + ๅŠใณ + Noun B
    Examples

    ๅๅ‰ๅŠใณไฝๆ‰€ใ‚’ใ”่จ˜ๅ…ฅใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    Please fill in your name and address.

    ๅญฆ็”ŸๅŠใณๆ•™่ทๅ“กใฏๅ…ฅ้คจใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

    Students as well as faculty members can enter the building.

  133. 133N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ใใซ๏ฝžใชใ„

    not well; not enough; insufficiently ~

    Usageใ‚ใใซ + Verb (ใชใ„ form)
    Examples

    ๅฟ™ใ—ใใฆใ€ใ‚ใใซ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I'm so busy that I haven't been eating properly.

    ใ‚ใใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ€‚

    I took the exam without studying properly.

  134. 134N2 Grammar

    ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซ๏ผˆใ•ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใชใ“ใจใซ๏ผ‰

    fortunately; luckily; thankfully ~

    Usageๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€+ Sentence
    Examples

    ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใ‘ใŒไบบใฏใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Fortunately, there were no injuries.

    ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€้›จใฏใ™ใใซใ‚„ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚

    Thankfully, the rain stopped quickly.

  135. 135N2 Grammar

    ใ›ใ„ใ‹

    perhaps because ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใช + ใ›ใ„ใ‹; Noun + ใฎ + ใ›ใ„ใ‹
    Examples

    ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ€้›†ไธญใงใใชใ„ใ€‚

    Perhaps because I'm tired, I can't concentrate.

    ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒใ„ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ€ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฏไบบใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใ ใ€‚

    Perhaps because the weather is nice, the park is full of people.

  136. 136N2 Grammar

    ใ›ใฃใ‹ใ

    with great effort; going to the trouble of; specially ~

    Usageใ›ใฃใ‹ใ + Verb / Noun
    Examples

    ใ›ใฃใ‹ใไฝœใฃใŸใฎใซใ€่ชฐใ‚‚้ฃŸในใฆใใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Even though I went to the trouble of making it, nobody ate it.

    ใ›ใฃใ‹ใใฎไผ‘ใฟใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚

    Since we have this precious day off, let's go somewhere.

  137. 137N2 Grammar

    ใ›ใ‚ใฆ

    at least; at most ~

    Usageใ›ใ‚ใฆ + Verb / Noun + ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚
    Examples

    ใ›ใ‚ใฆใƒกใƒผใƒซใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚้€ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    I want you to at least send an email.

    ใ›ใ‚ใฆ้€ฑใซไธ€ๅ›žใฏ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚

    I want to exercise at least once a week.

  138. 138N2 Grammar

    ๆฌก็ฌฌ๏ผˆใ—ใ ใ„๏ผ‰

    as soon as ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ๆฌก็ฌฌ
    Examples

    ๅฑŠใๆฌก็ฌฌใ€ใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

    I will contact you as soon as it arrives.

    ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใๆฌก็ฌฌใ€ๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

    We will depart as soon as preparations are complete.

  139. 139N2 Grammar

    ๆฌก็ฌฌใง๏ผˆใ—ใ ใ„ใง๏ผ‰

    depending on ~

    UsageNoun + ๆฌก็ฌฌใง / ๆฌก็ฌฌใ 
    Examples

    ็ตๆžœใฏๅŠชๅŠ›ๆฌก็ฌฌใ ใ€‚

    The result depends on your effort.

    ๅคฉๆฐ—ๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ€ไบˆๅฎšใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    We'll change our plans depending on the weather.

  140. 140N2 Grammar

    ๆฌก็ฌฌใซ๏ผˆใ—ใ ใ„ใซ๏ผ‰

    gradually; little by little ~

    Usageๆฌก็ฌฌใซ + Verb
    Examples

    ็ฉบใŒๆฌก็ฌฌใซๆš—ใใชใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚

    The sky gradually became dark.

    ๆฌก็ฌฌใซๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

    I gradually became better at Japanese.

  141. 141N2 Grammar

    ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚

    moreover; furthermore; and yet; what's more ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎๆ–™็†ใฏ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ€‚

    This food is delicious. What's more, it's cheap.

    ๅฝผใฏ้ ญใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚‚ๅพ—ๆ„ใ ใ€‚

    He is smart. Moreover, he's also good at sports.

  142. 142N2 Grammar

    ใใฎไธŠ๏ผˆใใฎใ†ใˆ๏ผ‰

    besides; in addition; furthermore ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใใฎไธŠ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏๅ„ชใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ไบบใ ใ€‚

    He is kind. In addition, he's a fun person.

    ไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€ๅฎถไบ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Work is busy. On top of that, I also have to do housework.

  143. 143N2 Grammar

    ใใ‚Œใชใฎใซ

    and yet; despite this; but even so ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใใ‚Œใชใฎใซ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใชใฎใซใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซ่ฝใกใŸใ€‚

    I studied very hard. And yet, I failed the test.

    ็ด„ๆŸใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€‚ใใ‚Œใชใฎใซใ€ๆฅใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    We made a promise. Despite that, they didn't come.

  144. 144N2 Grammar

    ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰

    if that's the case; if so ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๆš‡ใชใฎ๏ผŸใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚

    You're free tomorrow? If so, let's go see a movie.

    ้›ป่ปŠใŒๆญขใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผŸใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใ‚นใง่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚

    The trains have stopped? If that's the case, let's go by bus.

  145. 145N2 Grammar

    ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚

    nevertheless; at any rate; even so; be that as it may ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€้€ฃ็ตกใใ‚‰ใ„ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I understand you're busy. Even so, I wish you had at least contacted me.

    ๅ†ฌใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฏ’ใ„ใฎใฏๅฝ“็„ถใ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฏ’ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚

    It's natural to be cold since it's winter. Even so, today is too cold.

  146. 146N2 Grammar

    ใใ†่จ€ใˆใฐ๏ผˆใใ†ใ„ใˆใฐ๏ผ‰

    come to think of it; now that you mention it ~

    Usageใใ†่จ€ใˆใฐ + Sentence
    Examples

    ใใ†ใ„ใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅฝผใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ ใ€‚

    Come to think of it, tomorrow is his birthday.

    ใใ†ใ„ใˆใฐใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅฝผๅฅณใซไผšใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใชใ€‚

    Now that you mention it, I haven't seen her recently.

  147. 147N2 Grammar

    ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ

    having done that; if that is done; then ~

    UsageSentence Aใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ + Sentence B
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็”ป้ขใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

    Please press this button. Then, the screen will change.

    ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ“ๅŠ›ใŒใคใ„ใฆใใŸใ€‚

    I run every day. As a result, I've built up stamina.

  148. 148N2 Grammar

    ๆœซใซ๏ผˆใ™ใˆใซ๏ผ‰

    finally; after; at the end/conclusion of ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form) + ๆœซใซ; Noun + ใฎ + ๆœซใซ
    Examples

    ้•ทใ„่ญฐ่ซ–ใฎๆœซใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใ็ต่ซ–ใŒๅ‡บใŸใ€‚

    Finally, after a long discussion, we reached a conclusion.

    ๆ‚ฉใ‚“ใ ๆœซใซใ€่ปข่ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฑบใ‚ใŸใ€‚

    After much deliberation, I decided to change jobs.

  149. 149N2 Grammar

    ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚‚๏ฝžใชใ„๏ผˆใ™ใ“ใ—ใ‚‚๏ฝžใชใ„๏ผ‰

    not one bit; not even a little ~

    Usageๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚‚ + Verb (ใชใ„ form)
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใใชใ„ใ€‚

    This problem is not difficult at all.

    ๅฝผใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚‚ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Even after hearing his explanation, I didn't understand one bit.

  150. 150N2 Grammar

    ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚๏ผˆใ™ใใชใใจใ‚‚๏ผ‰

    at least ~

    Usageๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ + Number / Sentence
    Examples

    ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ไธ‰ๅๅˆ†ใฏใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    It will take at least thirty minutes.

    ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚้€ฑใซไธ€ๅ›žใฏ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ในใใ ใ€‚

    You should exercise at least once a week.

  151. 151N2 Grammar

    ็›ดใกใซ๏ผˆใŸใ ใกใซ๏ผ‰

    at once; immediately; directly ~

    Usage็›ดใกใซ + Verb
    Examples

    ็ซไบ‹ใŒ่ตทใใŸใ‚‰ใ€็›ดใกใซ้ฟ้›ฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    If a fire breaks out, please evacuate immediately.

    ๅ•้กŒใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šๆฌก็ฌฌใ€็›ดใกใซๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    As soon as you find a problem, please report it immediately.

  152. 152N2 Grammar

    ใŸใพใˆ

    do ~; (used to order someone to do something, male speech)

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใŸใพใˆ
    Examples

    ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใพใˆใ€‚

    Speak honestly.

    ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใพใˆใ€‚

    Do it properly.

  153. 153N2 Grammar

    ใฆใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„

    can't keep doing ~; can't just keep ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ / ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
    Examples

    ๆณฃใ„ใฆใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ๅ‰ใซ้€ฒใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€‚

    I can't just keep crying. I have to move forward.

    ้Šใ‚“ใงใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚ใใ‚ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚

    I can't just keep playing around. It's time to study.

  154. 154N2 Grammar

    ใฆใงใ‚‚

    even if I have to; by all means ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใงใ‚‚
    Examples

    ๅ€Ÿ้‡‘ใ—ใฆใงใ‚‚ใ€็•™ๅญฆใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚

    I want to study abroad even if I have to take out a loan.

    ็„ก็†ใ—ใฆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใพใงใซไป•ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I'll finish it by tomorrow even if I have to push myself.

  155. 155N2 Grammar

    ใฆไปฅๆฅ๏ผˆใฆใ„ใ‚‰ใ„๏ผ‰

    since; henceforth; ever since ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ไปฅๆฅ
    Examples

    ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซๆฅใฆไปฅๆฅใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Ever since I came to Japan, I use Japanese every day.

    ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆไปฅๆฅใ€ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I haven't traveled once since getting married.

  156. 156N2 Grammar

    ใฆใ„ใฆใฏ

    if one keeps doing ~ (negative consequence)

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใ„ใฆใฏ
    Examples

    ใใ‚“ใชใซ้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใฏใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚

    If you keep playing around like that, you won't pass the exam.

    ๆ–‡ๅฅใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚้€ฒใพใชใ„ใ€‚

    If you keep just complaining, nothing will progress.

  157. 157N2 Grammar

    ใฆใ“ใ

    only by doing; precisely because ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใ“ใ
    Examples

    ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ“ใใ€ๆˆๅŠŸใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ€‚

    Only by making an effort can you succeed.

    ๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใฆใ“ใใ€ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    It is precisely through failure that we learn.

  158. 158N2 Grammar

    ใฆใพใง

    even; will go so far as to ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใพใง
    Examples

    ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใพใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚

    I don't want to go so far as to lie to protect him.

    ๅพนๅคœใ—ใฆใพใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    There's no need to go so far as to pull an all-nighter for work.

  159. 159N2 Grammar

    ใฆใชใ‚‰ใชใ„

    can't help but; extremely; very ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„; ใ„-Adj (ใใฆ) + ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„; ใช-Adj (ใง) + ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฟƒ้…ใงใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I can't help but worry about him.

    ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใŒๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใฆใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I can't help but be concerned about the exam results.

  160. 160N2 Grammar

    ใฆใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„

    can't help but; unbearably; extremely ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„; ใ„-Adj (ใใฆ) + ใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„; ใช-Adj (ใง) + ใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„
    Examples

    ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I'm unbearably hungry.

    ๆš‘ใใฆใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    It's unbearably hot.

  161. 161N2 Grammar

    ใฆๅฝ“็„ถใ ๏ผˆใฆใจใ†ใœใ‚“ใ ๏ผ‰

    natural; as a matter of course; no wonder ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ๅฝ“็„ถใ 
    Examples

    ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฒ ใ‘ใฆๅฝ“็„ถใ ใ€‚

    Since you didn't practice, it's only natural you lost.

    ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใซ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใŸใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ—ใ‹ใฃใฆๅฝ“็„ถใ ใ€‚

    Since you worked so hard, it's only natural you passed.

  162. 162N2 Grammar

    ใฆใฏ๏ผใงใฏ

    whenever; if; when ~; (repetitive action) ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใฏ; Noun + ใงใฏ
    Examples

    ้ฃŸในใฆใฏๅฏใฆใ€้ฃŸในใฆใฏๅฏใฆใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ ใ€‚

    My life is just eating then sleeping, eating then sleeping.

    ใ‚ใฎไบบใฏไผšใฃใฆใฏๅˆฅใ‚Œใ€ไผšใฃใฆใฏๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    That person keeps meeting and breaking up repeatedly.

  163. 163N2 Grammar

    ใฆใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„

    can't afford to; unable to ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
    Examples

    ใฎใ‚“ใณใ‚Šใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚็ท ใ‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฟซใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I can't afford to take it easy. The deadline is approaching.

    ้ฉšใ„ใฆใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใ™ใใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€‚

    I can't just stand here surprised. I need to act immediately.

  164. 164N2 Grammar

    ใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„

    must not; cannot; should not ~

    UsageVerb (ใฆ form) + ใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    We must not forget this fact.

    ่ฉฆ้จ“ไธญใซใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    You must not cheat during the exam.

  165. 165N2 Grammar

    ใฆใฏ๏ฝžใฆใฏ

    repetitive situations/actions ~

    UsageVerb A (ใฆ form) + ใฏ + Verb B (ใฆ form) + ใฏ
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฏๆถˆใ—ใ€ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฏๆถˆใ—ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŸใ€‚

    He kept writing and erasing, writing and erasing.

    ่ตฐใฃใฆใฏๆญฉใใ€่ตฐใฃใฆใฏๆญฉใใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰็›ฎ็š„ๅœฐใซ็€ใ„ใŸใ€‚

    Running then walking, running then walking, I arrived at the destination.

  166. 166N2 Grammar

    ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซ๏ผˆใจใฉใ†ใ˜ใซ๏ผ‰

    at the same time as; while; simultaneously ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซ; Noun + ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซ
    Examples

    ใƒ™ใƒซใŒ้ณดใ‚‹ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใŒๆ•™ๅฎคใ‚’ๅ‡บใŸใ€‚

    The moment the bell rang, the students left the classroom.

    ๅฝผใฏๅŒป่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ไฝœๅฎถใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    He is a doctor and at the same time a writer.

  167. 167N2 Grammar

    ใจใ„ใฃใŸ

    like; such as ~

    UsageNoun A + ใ‚„ + Noun B + ใจใ„ใฃใŸ + Noun
    Examples

    ๆฑไบฌใ‚„ๅคง้˜ชใจใ„ใฃใŸๅคง้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฏไบบๅฃใŒๅคšใ„ใ€‚

    Big cities such as Tokyo and Osaka have large populations.

    ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚„้‡Ž็ƒใจใ„ใฃใŸใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ€‚

    I like sports such as soccer and baseball.

  168. 168N2 Grammar

    ใจใ„ใ†ใตใ†ใซ

    in such a way that; like ~

    UsageSentence + ใจใ„ใ†ใตใ†ใซ
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๆฅใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใตใ†ใซ่žใ„ใŸใ€‚

    I heard it in such a way that he won't come anymore.

    ใ“ใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใตใ†ใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚

    They taught me in a way that said I should do it like this.

  169. 169N2 Grammar

    ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ

    that is to say; so that means; in other words ~

    UsageSentence + ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ
    Examples

    ๅฝผใŒๆฅใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไธ€ไบบใง่กŒใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

    The fact that he's not coming means I'll be going alone.

    ๅบ—ใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไผ‘ใฟใชใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    The fact that the store is closed must mean it's their day off.

  170. 170N2 Grammar

    ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ 

    that is what it means to; that's how ~ is (emphasis) ~

    UsageSentence + ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ 
    Examples

    ไฝ•ไบ‹ใ‚‚็ตŒ้จ“ใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚

    Experience is important in everythingโ€”that's how it is.

    ๅ‹้”ใฎๆˆๅŠŸใ‚’ๅ–œในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๅ‹ๆƒ…ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚

    Being able to be happy about a friend's success is what true friendship is.

  171. 171N2 Grammar

    ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„

    there is no guarantee that; not necessarily ~

    UsageSentence + ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ / ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใชใ„
    Examples

    ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    It's not necessarily the case that having money makes you happy.

    ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅฟ…ใšๅ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚

    It's not necessarily the case that practicing means you'll definitely win.

  172. 172N2 Grammar

    ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผˆใจใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผ‰

    one can think that; it is conceivable that; considered ~

    UsageSentence (plain form) + ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ / ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎ้บ่ทกใฏๅƒๅนดไปฅไธŠๅ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    These ruins are considered to be over a thousand years old.

    ๅฝผใฎ็†่ซ–ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

    His theory is considered to be correct.

  173. 173N2 Grammar

    ใจใ‹๏ผˆใง๏ผ‰

    I heard that ~

    UsageSentence (plain form) + ใจใ‹๏ผˆใง๏ผ‰
    Examples

    ๆฅๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ€คๆฎตใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจใ‹ใ€‚

    I heard that prices are going up starting next month.

    ๅฝผใฏ่ปขๅ‹คใซใชใฃใŸใจใ‹ใงใ€ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    I heard he was transferred and apparently moved.

  174. 174N2 Grammar

    ใจใฃใใซ

    long ago; already; a long time ago ~

    Usageใจใฃใใซ + Verb (past tense)
    Examples

    ๅฎฟ้กŒใฏใจใฃใใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ€‚

    I finished my homework a long time ago.

    ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใจใฃใใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I've known that for ages.

  175. 175N2 Grammar

    ใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸ

    was just about to; almost happened ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸ
    Examples

    ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใง่ปขใถใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I almost fell over.

    ๅฑใ†ใๅคงไบ‹ใชๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚

    I almost threw away important documents.

  176. 176N2 Grammar

    ใจใ“ใ‚ใซ

    at the time; just when; at that moment ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary / ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ / ใŸ form) + ใจใ“ใ‚ใซ
    Examples

    ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ€้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚

    Just as I was about to go out, I got a phone call.

    ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ€ๆœฌไบบใŒ็พใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚

    Just when we were talking about them, the person themselves showed up.

  177. 177N2 Grammar

    ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ๏ผˆใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ใฟใ‚‹ใจ๏ผ‰

    judging from; seeing that ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ
    Examples

    ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใŒใชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใพใ ๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚

    Judging from the lack of response, it seems they're still sleeping.

    ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚

    Seeing that they're smiling, it seems they had a good time.

  178. 178N2 Grammar

    ใจใ‚‚

    even if; no matter; though; both/all ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary / ใพใ™ stem) + ใจใ‚‚; ใ„-Adj + (ใ) + ใจใ‚‚; Number + ใจใ‚‚
    Examples

    ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‘ณๆ–นใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚

    No matter what happens, I'll be on your side.

    ้…ใใจใ‚‚ไธ‰ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใฏ็€ใใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    I'll arrive by three o'clock at the latest.

  179. 179N2 Grammar

    ใจใ—ใฆ๏ฝžใชใ„

    not at all; there is not even one ~

    UsageCounter + ใจใ—ใฆ + Verb (ใชใ„ form)
    Examples

    ไธ€ใคใจใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

    Not a single one is the same.

    ไธ€ๆ—ฅใจใ—ใฆ็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚

    I don't want to waste even a single day.

  180. 180N2 Grammar

    ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚

    assuming; even if ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใ  + ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚; Noun + ใ  + ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚
    Examples

    ใŸใจใˆๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅพŒๆ‚”ใฏใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Even if I fail, I won't have regrets.

    ๅฎ‰ใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚

    Even if it's cheap, I won't buy it if the quality is bad.

  181. 181N2 Grammar

    ใคใค

    while; even though; despite ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใคใค
    Examples

    ๆ‚ชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใคใคใ€ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    Even though I knew it was wrong, I ended up lying.

    ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใคใคใ€ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใŸใ€‚

    I took a walk while enjoying the scenery.

  182. 182N2 Grammar

    ใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹

    to be doing; to be in the process of ~

    UsageVerb (ใพใ™ stem) + ใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹
    Examples

    ็Šถๆณใฏๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    The situation is improving.

    ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎไบบๅฃใฏๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Japan's population is decreasing.

  183. 183N2 Grammar

    ไธŠใฏ๏ผˆใ†ใˆใฏ๏ผ‰

    now that; since; as long as ~

    UsageVerb (ใŸ form / dictionary form) + ไธŠใฏ
    Examples

    ๆฑบใ‚ใŸไธŠใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Now that I've decided, I'll do my best until the end.

    ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใŸไธŠใฏใ€่ฒฌไปปใ‚’ๆŒใคใ€‚

    Now that I've taken it on, I'll take responsibility.

  184. 184N2 Grammar

    ใฏใ‚‚ใจใ‚ˆใ‚Š

    not only; let alone; of course ~

    UsageNoun + ใฏใ‚‚ใจใ‚ˆใ‚Š
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏใ‚‚ใจใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚‚่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    He can speak not only Japanese but also Chinese.

    ๅคงไบบใฏใ‚‚ใจใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๅญไพ›ใซใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    It's popular not only with adults but also with children.

  185. 185N2 Grammar

    ใฏใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใ

    anyhow; anyway; regardless; setting aside ~

    UsageNoun + ใฏใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใ๏ผˆใจใ—ใฆ๏ผ‰
    Examples

    ๅ€คๆฎตใฏใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใ‚คใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ€‚

    Setting aside the price, I liked the design.

    ็ตๆžœใฏใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€ใ‚ˆใ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚

    Regardless of the result, I think you did a great job.

  186. 186N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ

    slightly; only; barely; narrowly ~

    Usageใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ + Verb / Noun
    Examples

    ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซๅˆๆ ผใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใŸใ€‚

    I barely passed the qualifying line.

    ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ใซๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚

    She smiled slightly.

  187. 187N2 Grammar

    ใ‚„ใŒใฆ

    before long; soon; almost; eventually ~

    Usageใ‚„ใŒใฆ + Verb / Sentence
    Examples

    ใ‚„ใŒใฆๆ˜ฅใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

    Spring will come before long.

    ใ‚„ใŒใฆ้›จใŒใ‚„ใ‚“ใงใ€่™นใŒๅ‡บใŸใ€‚

    Eventually the rain stopped and a rainbow appeared.

  188. 188N2 Grammar

    ใ‚„ใ‚‰๏ฝžใ‚„ใ‚‰

    such things as A and B; A and B and so on ~

    UsageNoun / Verb + ใ‚„ใ‚‰ + Noun / Verb + ใ‚„ใ‚‰
    Examples

    ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใงใ€ๆŽƒ้™คใ‚„ใ‚‰่ท้€ ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ‚‰ใงๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ€‚

    I'm busy with cleaning and packing and so on for the move.

    ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‰ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

    Between feeling happy and embarrassed, I couldn't say anything.

  189. 189N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ˆใปใฉ๏ผใ‚ˆใฃใฝใฉ

    very; greatly; much; to a large extent ~

    Usageใ‚ˆใปใฉ / ใ‚ˆใฃใฝใฉ + Adjective / Verb
    Examples

    ใ‚ˆใปใฉ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใ™ใใซ็œ ใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚

    He must have been very tired because he fell asleep right away.

    ใ‚ˆใฃใฝใฉใฎใ“ใจใŒใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌ ๅธญใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

    Unless something really serious happens, I won't be absent.

  190. 190N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ˆใ‚Š

    from ~ (a time, place, or person) (formal) ~

    UsageNoun + ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
    Examples

    ๆœฌๆ—ฅใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ–ถๆฅญใ‚’ๅ†้–‹ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

    We will resume business starting from today.

    ๆฑไบฌใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ็”ฐไธญใงใ™ใ€‚

    I am Tanaka, and I came from Tokyo.

  191. 191N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใปใ‹ใชใ„

    to have no choice but ~

    UsageVerb (dictionary form) + ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใปใ‹ใชใ„ / ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไป•ๆ–นใŒใชใ„
    Examples

    ใ‚‚ใ†่ซฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใปใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚

    There's nothing to do but give up.

    ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใปใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I have no choice but to do it myself.

  192. 192N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏ

    if ~ (implies a bad result will follow) ~

    UsageVerb / ใ„-Adj / ใช-Adj + ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏ
    Examples

    ใ“ใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใฎๅ•้กŒใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

    If you can't do problems of this level, you won't pass the exam.

    ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏใ€ไฟก้ ผใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚

    If you can't keep your promises, you won't be trusted.

  193. 193N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹

    let's do (something); why don't we ~

    UsageVerb (ๆ„ๅ‘ๅฝข volitional) + ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹
    Examples

    ใฟใ‚“ใชใงๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

    Let's all combine our strength!

    ไธ€็ท’ใซ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚ใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ€‚

    Why don't we work hard together!

  194. 194N2 Grammar

    ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹๏ฝžใพใ„ใ‹

    whether or not to; considering options ~

    UsageVerb (ๆ„ๅ‘ๅฝข) + ใ‹ + Verb (dictionary form) + ใพใ„ใ‹
    Examples

    ่ปข่ทใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใ„ใ‹่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I'm unsure whether to change jobs or not.

    ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใ„ใ‹ๆ‚ฉใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    I'm debating whether to participate or not.

  195. 195N2 Grammar

    ่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซ๏ผˆใ‚ˆใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซ๏ผ‰

    in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply ~

    Usage่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซ + Sentence
    Examples

    ่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ€ๅฝผใฏๆฅใŸใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚

    In short, he doesn't want to come.

    ่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅŠชๅŠ›ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใ€‚

    To put it simply, more effort is needed.

  196. 196N2 Grammar

    ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„๏ผˆใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ใˆใชใ„๏ผ‰

    cannot help (doing); have no choice but to ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form - drop ใชใ„) + ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„; ใ™ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใ›ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„
    Examples

    ๅฝผใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใซ่ณ›ๆˆใ›ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I have no choice but to agree with his opinion.

    ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ชใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„ใ€‚

    I have no choice but to acknowledge the facts.

  197. 197N2 Grammar

    ใšใซๆธˆใ‚€๏ผˆใšใซใ™ใ‚€๏ผ‰

    get by without doing ~

    UsageVerb (ใชใ„ form - drop ใชใ„) + ใšใซๆธˆใ‚€; ใ™ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใ›ใšใซๆธˆใ‚€
    Examples

    ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ€ๆญฉใ‹ใšใซๆธˆใ‚“ใ ใ€‚

    Since I could take a taxi, I was able to get by without walking.

    ไฟ้™บใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใงใ€้ซ˜ใ„ๅŒป็™‚่ฒปใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใšใซๆธˆใ‚“ใ ใ€‚

    Thanks to insurance, I got by without paying expensive medical bills.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many grammar patterns are on the JLPT N2?

The JLPT N2 grammar section includes approximately 197 core grammar patterns. This list covers all the patterns you need to recognize for the grammar, reading, and listening sections of the test.

Is this JLPT N2 grammar list free?

Yes. The full JLPT N2 grammar list is free on GyanMirai, with no sign-up, no paywall, and no ads between items. You can search, print, or study online as often as you like.

What is the best way to study JLPT N2 grammar?

Read each pattern with its usage rule, study the two example sentences, and then test yourself. A good plan is to study 5โ€“10 new patterns a day, then take the JLPT N2 grammar practice test at the end of each week to check retention.

Does this list include example sentences?

Yes. Every grammar pattern includes at least two example sentences in Japanese with full English translations, so you can see how the pattern is used in natural context.

Where can I practice JLPT N2 grammar after studying this list?

After studying the list, take the JLPT N2 grammar practice test for a 20-question, timed quiz with instant scoring and answer explanations. The test uses patterns from this same grammar list.