JLPT N4 Grammar Study Guide

Complete grammar study list for JLPT N4. Master all grammar patterns required for the N4 exam.

68 patterns
1
～し
1) Gives a reason 2) ～し～し strings together two similar/compounding factors 3) ～し～し strings together two opposing factors
2
～そうです
It seems that ～. Usually based on first-hand information.
3
～ようです
It seems that ～. Can be based on first-hand information or hearsay.
4
～らしいです
It seems that ～. Usually based on hearsay.
5
～てみる
Try to ～
6
～なら
If ～. Often used to express an opinion, desire, advice.
7
Period of TimeにFrequency
～ times a ～
8
～が欲しい
To want ～
9
～がる
Used to convey another person's feelings or desires. These feelings or desires are outwardly displayed.
10
～かもしれない
May/Might ～ Probably ～
11
～たらどうですか？
How about ～? Maybe you should ～.
12
Number/Timesも
As many/much as ～. Conveys that this is a lot.
13
～しか～ない
Only ～. Implies a that ～ is not enough.
14
～ておく
To ～ in advance
15
V-よう
Plain volitional form of a verb.
16
～てあげる
To ～ (as a favor for someone)
17
～てくれる
To ～ (as a favor for me)
18
～てもらえる
To ～ (as a favor for me)
19
～てもらう
To have someone ～
20
～て頂ける
To ～ (as a favor for me) (polite)
21
～て頂く
To have someone ～ (polite)
22
～といいです
I hope ～. It would be nice if ～. Used to express one's desire or expectation.
23
～てすみません
Sorry for ～. Sorry that I ～.
24
V-させる
Causitive verb form. To let someone ～. To make someone ～.
25
V-させられる
To be made to ～. Usually has a negative connotation.
26
V-なさい
Do ～. Gives an order/command.
27
～ば
If ～
28
～ても
Eventhough ～. Although ～.
29
～たら
If ～.
30
～なくてもいい
You do not have to ～. It is OK if you do not ～.
31
～みたい
It seems ～.
32
～てしまう
End up ～. Conveys that one did something regrettably.
33
～と
If ～. Used for habitual actions.
34
～ながら
While ～. Used when two actions occur at the same time.
35
V-れば良かった
I should have ～. I Wish I had ～.
36
～てくれてありがとう
Thank you for ～
37
～て良かった
I am glad I could ～. It was good to ～.
38
～はずです
Should be ～. Should have ～.
39
～ないで
Please do not ～. Plain form of ～ないでください。
40
～かどうか
Whether or not ～, If ～ or not
41
～という
Modifying phrase meaning "called ～", "the so called ～"
42
Vやすい
Easy to ～
43
Vにくい
Difficult to ～
44
～える
Potential form of a verb.
45
（～に）～られる
Passive form of a verb.
46
～てある
～ has been done.
47
～ている間に
While ～.
48
～てほしい
I want (Person) to ～.
49
のに
although, eventhough, but
50
～のような
As if ～. Like ～. This is a modifier for a noun.
51
～のように
As if ～. Like ～. This is an adverbial phrase.
52
～ことにする
To decide to ～
53
～ことになる
It has been decided that ～. Something was determined outside of one's own power.
54
～方
Way of ～, How to ～
55
～ことができる
Able to ～, Can ～
56
～て （～てください）
Please ～. This is a request for someone to do something. Plain form of ～てください
57
～なければなりません～なければいけません
Must (be) ～.
58
～ことがある
have (the experience of) ～, have ～ before
59
～より～
More ～ than ～
60
～か分かります
か normalized the preceeding question phrase into a noun.
61
～こと～の
こと and の normalize the preceeding phrase so that it is a noun.
62
～がする
Expresses that the speaker can perceive ～.
63
～んじゃないですか？～んではないですか？
I think ～. Isn't ～? This is used to express the speaker's opinion.
64
～と聞いた～って聞いた
I heard that ～
65
～ようになる
To become such that ～, to reach the point that ～
66
～さ
～ness, degree of ～
67
～始める
To start to ～, to begin to ～
68
～続ける
To continue to ～