Japanese Keigo Complete Guide: Honorific Language Explained
Master Japanese keigo (敬語) with this complete guide. Learn sonkeigo, kenjougo, and teineigo with practical examples for business and formal situations.
Keigo (敬語/けいご) - Japanese honorific language - is essential for any serious learner aiming to work, live, or communicate professionally in Japan. This guide covers all three types of keigo with practical examples you'll actually use in offices, customer service, and formal social situations.
Teineigo (丁寧語) - Polite Language
The most basic form of politeness, using です/ます forms. Most learners already know this.
Verb ます-form
N5Polite verb endings
💡 Foundation for all polite speech. Use with strangers and acquaintances.
Sonkeigo (尊敬語) - Respectful Language
Elevates the actions of others - your boss, customers, elders, or anyone you want to show respect to. Never use for yourself.
お + Verb stem + になる
N3(Someone respected) does [verb]
💡 Most common respectful pattern. Use for bosses, customers, and elders.
Special Sonkeigo Verbs
N3Special vocabulary for respectful speech
💡 Memorize these - they appear constantly in business Japanese.
Kenjougo (謙譲語) - Humble Language
Lowers your own actions to indirectly elevate the listener. Only use for yourself or your in-group.
お + Verb stem + する/いたす
N3I (humbly) do [verb]
💡 Use いたす for even more formality.
Special Kenjougo Verbs
N3Special vocabulary for humble speech
💡 いただく is extremely common - use for receiving anything.
Business Keigo Essentials
The most common keigo phrases you'll need in a Japanese workplace or customer service setting.
Common Business Phrases
N2Essential workplace expressions
💡 These phrases are used daily in Japanese offices. Memorize them!
💡 Usage Tips
- Never use sonkeigo for yourself - that's arrogant
- Never use kenjougo for others - that's insulting
- When in doubt, use more formal forms (err on the side of formality)
- Tone matters as much as words - stay calm and respectful
- 了解 is equal-status language; use 承知 for superiors
⚠️ Common Mistakes
Double honorific (おっしゃる + られる) is redundant. おっしゃる is already respectful.
Using sonkeigo (いらっしゃる) for yourself is arrogant. Use kenjougo (参る) instead.
了解 is military/equal-status language. Use 承知 for superiors and customers.
Using past tense (よろしかった) for current situation is incorrect. Use present (よろしい).
📝 Practice Exercises
1. How do you say 'The teacher is here' using sonkeigo?
2. How do you say 'I will come tomorrow' humbly to a customer?
3. Choose the correct response when your boss asks you to do something:
